WO2022233248A1 - 一种天线解耦结构、mimo天线及终端 - Google Patents

一种天线解耦结构、mimo天线及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022233248A1
WO2022233248A1 PCT/CN2022/089005 CN2022089005W WO2022233248A1 WO 2022233248 A1 WO2022233248 A1 WO 2022233248A1 CN 2022089005 W CN2022089005 W CN 2022089005W WO 2022233248 A1 WO2022233248 A1 WO 2022233248A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
antenna
sub
decoupling
floor
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PCT/CN2022/089005
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡义武
魏鲲鹏
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荣耀终端有限公司
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Application filed by 荣耀终端有限公司 filed Critical 荣耀终端有限公司
Priority to US18/013,338 priority Critical patent/US20230261370A1/en
Priority to EP22798589.2A priority patent/EP4152521A4/en
Publication of WO2022233248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022233248A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
    • H01Q1/2266—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment disposed inside the computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2291—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in bluetooth or WI-FI devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna decoupling structure, a MIMO antenna, and a terminal.
  • Figure 1a shows an antenna structure designed on a traditional notebook, including two IFA antenna units arranged adjacent to each other, the left IFA antenna unit has a first feeding point 01, and the right IFA antenna unit There is a second feed point 02 .
  • the first feed point 01 is excited, the current will be coupled to the second feed point 02 via the antenna floor 03, thereby reducing the isolation between the two IFA antenna elements.
  • a T-shaped decoupling structure 04 is added between the two IFA antenna units. After adding the T-shaped decoupling structure 04, the first For a feeding point 01, part of the current flowing from the first feeding point 01 will be coupled to the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 through the floor 03 of the antenna, reducing the current flowing into the second feeding point 02, thereby increasing the two The degree of isolation between IFA antenna elements.
  • the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 in Fig. 1b mainly realizes the decoupling of the target decoupling frequency band by adjusting the length of the decoupling branch.
  • the length of the decoupling branch is generally at least a quarter wavelength of the target decoupling frequency band.
  • the T-type decoupling structure 04 is for decoupling the 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual frequency bands.
  • the T-type decoupling structure 04 includes two decoupling branches of different lengths. The long decoupling stubs are used to decouple the 2.4GHz frequency band, and the shorter decoupling stubs are used to decouple the 5GHz frequency band. Therefore, the total decoupling stubs of the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 used to decouple the 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band antennas.
  • the length d2 should be at least 30mm, and the total length d of the antenna should be at least 115mm.
  • the present application provides an antenna decoupling structure, an antenna and a terminal.
  • the constructed LC resonance structure is used to decouple a target decoupling frequency band, thereby realizing miniaturization of the antenna size and improving the isolation between the antennas.
  • the present application provides an antenna decoupling structure, including a ground stub and a capacitor structure; a first end of the ground stub is connected to the floor of the antenna to form an equivalent inductance; the first end of the capacitor structure is One end is connected to the ground of the antenna, and the second end of the capacitor structure is connected to the second end of the ground branch, so that the equivalent inductance and the capacitor structure form an LC resonance structure, wherein the The parameters corresponding to the LC resonant structure meet the decoupling requirements for at least one target decoupling frequency band.
  • the resonant frequency of the LC resonant structure is the same as the target decoupling frequency band, thereby realizing decoupling of the target decoupling frequency band. Since the resonant frequency is determined by the inductance value and capacitance value corresponding to the LC resonant structure, the size of each part in the decoupling structure can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized. By adjusting the parameters of the LC resonant structure, different resonant modes can be formed, thereby realizing the decoupling requirements for different target decoupling frequency bands.
  • an antenna decoupling structure provided by the present application further includes a first decoupling stub and a second decoupling stub; the first decoupling stub and the second decoupling stub are respectively located in the the two sides of the back ground branch; the first end of the first decoupling branch is connected to the second end of the back ground branch, and the length of the first decoupling branch satisfies the decoupling of the second target decoupling frequency band The first end of the second decoupling branch is connected to the second end of the ground branch, and the length of the second decoupling branch meets the decoupling requirement for the third target decoupling frequency band; wherein, The parameters corresponding to the LC resonance structure meet the decoupling requirements for the first target decoupling frequency band, and the first target decoupling frequency band is the first target decoupling frequency band, the second target decoupling frequency band and the third target decoupling frequency band the lowest frequency band in .
  • the LC resonance structure, the first decoupling branch and the second decoupling branch can decouple one frequency band respectively, thereby realizing decoupling of multiple operating frequency bands.
  • the length of the first decoupling branch is a quarter wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second target decoupling frequency band; the length of the second decoupling branch is the third target decoupling frequency band A quarter wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first decoupling branch; the bent open end of the first decoupling branch is opposite to the bent open end of the second decoupling branch.
  • the lengths of the first decoupling stub and the second decoupling stub meet the decoupling requirements for the target decoupling frequency band, and ensure the miniaturization of the size;
  • the bent open end of the first decoupling stub and the The bent open ends of the two decoupling stubs are arranged opposite to each other, which can further reduce the space occupied by the first decoupling stub and the second decoupling stub.
  • the capacitive structure employs lumped parameter capacitors.
  • the size of the lumped parameter capacitor is small, which is beneficial to realize the miniaturization of the decoupling structure.
  • the capacitive structure is formed by coupling a capacitively coupled stub and the ground stub disposed opposite to a first end of the capacitively coupled stub, and the second end of the capacitively coupled stub is connected to the grounding stub. the floor connection of the antenna described above.
  • the required capacitance structure is constructed by using the structure of the capacitive coupling branch and the grounding branch coupling itself, so that fewer components can be added outside the coupling structure.
  • a plurality of coupling slits are formed between the first end of the capacitive coupling branch and the first end of the ground return branch.
  • the ground subsection includes a first ground subsection and a second ground subsection arranged in an L shape, and a first end of the first ground subsection is vertically connected to the floor of the antenna , the second end of the first ground sub-branch is vertically connected to the first end of the second ground sub-branch, and the second ground sub-branch is provided with a first groove toward the floor direction of the antenna
  • the capacitive coupling branch includes a first capacitive coupling sub-branch and a second capacitive coupling sub-branch arranged in a T-shape, and the first end of the first capacitive coupling sub-branch is located in the first groove and is connected to the
  • the first grooves are arranged at relative intervals, the second end of the first capacitive coupling sub-section is vertically connected to the floor of the antenna, and the first end of the second capacitive coupling sub-section is perpendicular to the first capacitive coupling sub-section connected, the second capacitively coupled sub-branch and the second end of
  • the capacitive coupling branch cooperates with the first groove to design a T-shaped structure, thereby forming a plurality of coupling gaps between the capacitive coupling branch and the grounding branch to improve the coupling capacitance capacitance value.
  • the ground subsection includes a first ground subsection, a second ground subsection and a third ground subsection, and the first end of the first ground subsection is connected to the floor of the antenna Connect vertically, the second end of the first sub-branch is vertically connected with the first end of the second sub-branch, and the second end of the second sub-branch is connected to the third sub-branch
  • the first end of the ground sub-branch is connected vertically, and the second end of the third ground sub-branch faces the floor direction of the antenna;
  • the capacitive coupling branch includes a third capacitive-coupling sub-branch and a fourth capacitive-coupling sub-branch.
  • the first ends of the three capacitive coupling sub-branches are vertically connected to the floor of the antenna, and the second ends of the third capacitively-coupling sub-branches are vertically connected to the fourth capacitively-coupling sub-branches, and the fourth capacitively-coupling sub-branches face away from each other.
  • the antenna is provided with a second groove in the direction of the floor, and the second end of the third ground sub-branch is located in the second groove and is disposed opposite to the second groove.
  • the capacitive coupling branch and the grounding branch are formed between the capacitively-coupling branch and the grounding branch.
  • Multiple coupling slits increase the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor.
  • the first target decoupling frequency band is 2.49-2.69GHz
  • the second target decoupling frequency band is 3.3-3.8GHz
  • the third target decoupling frequency band is 4.4-5GHz
  • the branch includes a first sub-branch, a second ground sub-branch and a third ground sub-branch, the first end of the first ground sub-branch is vertically connected to the floor of the antenna, and the first ground sub-branch is The second end is vertically connected with the first end of the second sub-branch, the second end of the second sub-branch is vertically connected with the first end of the third sub-branch, and the third The second end of the ground-returning sub-branch faces the floor direction of the antenna
  • the capacitively-coupling branch includes a third capacitively-coupling sub-branch and a fourth capacitively-coupling sub-branch, and the first end of the third capacitively-coupling sub-branch is connected to the antenna
  • the ground of the antenna is vertically connected, the second end of the
  • the second end of the third ground sub-branch is located in the second groove and is spaced apart from the second groove; wherein, the first side of the first ground sub-branch
  • the shortest horizontal distance from the fourth capacitively coupled sub-branch is 7.3 mm
  • the shortest horizontal distance between the second side of the first ground sub-branch and the fourth capacitively coupled sub-branch is 8.5 mm
  • the antenna The distance between the floor of the antenna and the first side of the second ground subsection is 2.8mm, and the distance between the antenna floor and the second side of the second ground subsection is 3.8mm;
  • the first end of the first decoupling branch is connected with the second end of the second ground sub-branch to form a first connection point, and the first decoupling branch is successively moved away from the first connection point.
  • the antenna extends 1mm in the direction of the floor, extends 11.5mm in the direction parallel to the antenna's floor and away from the third capacitive coupling sub-stub, extends 3.7mm in the direction away from the antenna's floor, and is parallel to and away from the antenna's floor. It extends 7mm in the direction close to the third capacitively coupled sub-branch; the open end of the second decoupling branch is arranged opposite to the open end of the first decoupling branch, and the second decoupling branch moves away from the open end in turn.
  • the first decoupling stub extends 5mm, extends 2.5mm toward the floor near the antenna, extends 3.5mm toward the first decoupling stub, and extends perpendicular to the first decoupling stub in the direction close to the antenna's floor.
  • a connection point connection is 5mm, extends 2.5mm toward the floor near the antenna, extends 3.5mm toward the first decoupling stub, and extends perpendicular to the first decoupling stub in the direction close to the antenna's floor.
  • the antenna decoupling structure can be applied to the NR antenna to decouple the working frequency band of the NR antenna.
  • the present application provides a MIMO antenna, including: a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and the antenna decoupling structure in the first aspect, where the antenna decoupling structure is located between the first antenna unit and the antenna decoupling structure.
  • the preset positions between the second antenna units are used to improve the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • the first antenna unit includes a feeding branch, a floor branch, and a first radiation branch;
  • the floor branch includes a first floor sub-branch and a second floor sub-branch;
  • the first floor branch The first end of the branch is connected to the floor of the antenna;
  • the second end of the first floor sub-branch is connected to the first end of the second floor sub-branch;
  • the second end of the second floor sub-branch is connected to the
  • the feeding branches are relatively spaced to form coupling capacitors;
  • the floor branch and the feeding branch form a left-handed antenna mode, and the parameters corresponding to the left-handed antenna mode meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the first working frequency band ;
  • the second end of the second floor sub-section is connected to the first radiation section, the first radiation section and the feed section form a first monopole antenna pattern, and the first monopole antenna pattern corresponds to
  • the parameters of the first antenna unit meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the second working frequency band;
  • two antenna modes are constructed by the feeding branch, the floor branch and the first radiating branch, which are respectively the left-hand antenna mode and the first monopole antenna mode, and the two antenna modes can resonate at different frequencies.
  • the resonant frequency of the left-handed antenna is determined by the inductance value and capacitance value.
  • the minimum length can be a quarter wavelength, and the length of the left-handed antenna can be at least one-eighth. wavelength, so the size of the first antenna element can be further reduced.
  • the first antenna unit further includes a second radiation branch, the second radiation branch and the first radiation branch are respectively disposed on both sides of the floor branch, and the first end of the second radiation branch is Connected to the first end of the second floor sub-branch, the first radiation branch, the second floor sub-branch, the second radiation branch, and the feeding branch form a balanced antenna mode, and the balanced antenna mode corresponds to The parameters meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the third working frequency band; the second radiation branch, the second floor branch, and the feeding branch form a second monopole antenna pattern, and the first The parameters corresponding to the two-monopole antenna mode meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the fourth working frequency band; the first working frequency band is smaller than the fourth working frequency band, and the fourth working frequency band is smaller than the third working frequency band A working frequency band, the third working frequency band is smaller than the second working frequency band.
  • antenna modes are constructed through the feeding branch, the floor branch, the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch, which are the left-hand antenna mode, the first monopole antenna mode, the second monopole antenna mode and the balanced antenna respectively.
  • the above four antenna modes can resonate with different frequencies, so that the first antenna unit can cover more working frequency bands.
  • the floor branch further includes a third floor sub-branch, the first end of the third floor sub-branch is vertically connected with the second end of the second floor sub-branch, and the feeder branch is A third groove is opened in the direction of the floor facing away from the antenna, and the second end of the third floor sub-branch is located in the third groove and is relatively spaced from the third groove;
  • Two radiating branches include a horizontal radiating branch and a vertical radiating branch, the first end of the horizontal radiating branch is connected with the first end of the second floor sub branch, and the second end of the horizontal radiating branch is connected with the vertical radiating branch The first end of the vertical radiating branch is connected, and the second end of the vertical radiating branch faces the direction of the floor of the antenna.
  • the size of the antenna unit in the horizontal direction can be further reduced.
  • the MIMO antenna is used as a WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna, wherein the working frequency bands included in the WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna are 2.4-2.5GHz, 5.1-5.8GHz, and 5.9-7.1GHz, respectively;
  • the shortest distance between the first floor sub-section and the third floor sub-section in the horizontal direction is 6 mm, and the distance between the first side of the second floor sub-section and the antenna floor is 4.5 mm, so
  • the distance between the second side of the second floor sub-section and the floor of the antenna is 7.5 mm, and the distance between the first side of the first radiating branch and the second side of the first radiating branch is 7.5 mm.
  • the distance is 3mm, the distance between the second end of the first radiating branch and the first side of the first floor sub-branch is 11.2mm, the second end of the first radiating branch and the horizontal
  • the distance between the second ends of the radiating branches is 16mm
  • the distance between the first side of the vertical radiating branches and the first side of the horizontal radiating branches is 2mm
  • the first side of the vertical radiating branches is 2mm
  • the distance between the edge and the second side of the horizontal radiating branch is 3mm
  • the distance between the first side of the horizontal radiating branch and the floor of the antenna is 6mm
  • the width of the third groove is 4.14mm
  • the height of the three grooves is 2.3mm
  • the opening width of the third groove is 2.14mm.
  • the antenna unit can cover the working frequency band of the WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna.
  • the MIMO antenna is used as an NR antenna, wherein the operating frequency bands included in the NR antenna are 2.49-2.69GHz, 3.3-3.8GHz, and 4.4-5GHz respectively; the first floor sub-branch From the first end of the first floor sub-branch to extend 5.5mm in the direction away from the floor of the antenna, and extend a first preset distance in the direction parallel to the floor of the antenna, it is connected with the second floor.
  • the first ends of the branches are connected; the distance between the first side edge and the second side edge of the first radiating branch is 3mm, and the second end of the first radiating branch is the closest distance to the third groove is 3.9mm, the distance between the second end of the first radiating branch and the second end of the horizontal radiating branch is 20.2mm, and the distance between the first side and the second side of the vertical radiating branch is 20.2mm.
  • the distance is 4.5mm; the width of the third groove is 4.1mm, and the height of the three grooves is 2.8mm.
  • the antenna unit can cover the working frequency band of the NR antenna.
  • the structure of the first antenna unit is the same as that of the second antenna unit.
  • both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit adopt an antenna structure having a left-handed antenna pattern and a first monopole antenna pattern
  • both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit adopt an antenna structure having a left-handed antenna pattern and a first monopole antenna pattern.
  • the antenna structures of the pole antenna mode, the second monopole antenna mode and the balanced antenna mode enable both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit to have more operating frequency bands, and reduce the overall size of the antenna.
  • the present application provides a terminal, including the MIMO antenna described in the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of another MIMO antenna.
  • FIG. 1c is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal notebook.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna decoupling structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna decoupling structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2c provides a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2d is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the antenna decoupling structure in Figure 2c under the excitation condition of the 2.4GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 2e is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the antenna decoupling structure in FIG. 2c under the excitation condition of the 5.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 2f is a graph showing the performance of the first antenna unit in FIG. 2c.
  • FIG. 2g is a graph showing the performance of the second antenna unit in FIG. 2c.
  • FIG. 2h is a comparison diagram of the isolation degree curves of the MIMO antenna in FIG. 1a and the MIMO antenna in FIG. 2c.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic structural diagram of still another MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of still another MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the first antenna unit in FIG. 4a when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 2.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the first antenna unit in FIG. 4a when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the first antenna unit in FIG. 4a when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 6.2 GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 4e is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the first antenna unit in FIG. 4a when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 7.1 GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 4f is a performance curve diagram of the MIMO antenna in FIG. 4a without the decoupling structure.
  • FIG. 4g is a performance graph of the MIMO antenna in FIG. 4a.
  • FIG. 4h is a comparison diagram of the isolation curves of the MIMO antenna of FIG. 4a and the MIMO antenna of FIG. 4a without a decoupling structure.
  • FIG. 4i is a dimension diagram of the first antenna unit in FIG. 4a.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of still another antenna decoupling structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic structural diagram of still another antenna decoupling structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic structural diagram of another MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5d is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna without the antenna decoupling structure when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 2.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna without the antenna decoupling structure when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 3.8 GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5f is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna without the antenna decoupling structure when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 5.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5g is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 2.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5h is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 3.8 GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5i is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the MIMO antenna in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 5.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5j is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the antenna decoupling structure in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 2.5GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 5k is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the antenna decoupling structure in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 3.8GHz frequency band.
  • FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram of the current mode on the antenna decoupling structure in FIG. 5c when the first feed port is excited under the excitation condition of the 5.5 GHz frequency band.
  • Fig. 5m is a performance graph of the MIMO antenna in Fig. 5d.
  • FIG. 5n is a performance curve diagram of the antenna MIMO line in FIG. 5c.
  • Fig. 5o is a comparison diagram of the isolation curves of the MIMO antenna in Fig. 5d and the MIMO antenna in Fig. 5c.
  • FIG. 5p is a dimension diagram of the first antenna element in FIG. 5c.
  • FIG. 5q is a dimension diagram of the antenna decoupling structure in FIG. 5c.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Isolation refers to the ratio of the power transmitted by one antenna unit to the power received by another antenna unit, and the unit can be dB.
  • the isolation of the antenna is used to quantitatively characterize the strength of the coupling between the antenna elements.
  • the unit of isolation can be dB. Take the logarithm of the ratio between the transmit power and the received power to the base of 10, that is, lg, to get the isolation value expressed in dB as the counting unit. Indicates that the degree of mutual interference between the two antenna elements is less. Due to its high channel capacity and high channel reliability, MIMO antennas are more and more used in various wireless communication systems. However, due to the limitation of the antenna placement space, the antenna units are adjacent to each other, and there is a problem of poor antenna isolation. , especially when the two antenna units are in the same working frequency band, the coupling effect between the antenna units is serious, and the isolation of the antenna will be greatly reduced.
  • a T-shaped decoupling structure may be added between the two antenna units.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna adopting a T-shaped decoupling structure.
  • the antenna includes two IFA antenna units and a T-shaped decoupling structure 04 located between the two IFA antenna units.
  • the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 When exciting the first feeding point 01, the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 generates the same resonant frequency as the working frequency band of the IFA antenna unit, so that part of the current is coupled to the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 through the floor 01 of the antenna, reducing the flow direction to the first feeding point 01.
  • the current of the two feeding points 02 thereby improving the isolation between the two IFA antenna elements.
  • the IFA antenna unit in Figure 1b includes two radiating branches, wherein the length of the longer radiating branch is a quarter wavelength corresponding to 2.4GHz, which is longer than that of 2.4GHz.
  • the length of the short radiating branches is a quarter wavelength corresponding to 5 GHz. According to the relationship between wavelength and frequency, it can be calculated that the total length d1 of the IFA antenna unit is 30mm.
  • the T-type decoupling structure 04 realizes decoupling by generating the same resonant frequency as the IFA antenna unit. Therefore, in order to decouple the 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band frequency bands, the T-type decoupling structure 04 also includes two decoupling branches with different lengths. Among them, the longer decoupling branch is used for decoupling the 2.4GHz frequency band, and the shorter decoupling branch is used for decoupling the 5GHz frequency band. It can also be calculated that the total length d2 of the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 in the horizontal direction is also 30mm, so , the antenna using the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 shown in FIG. 2 has a total length d of at least 115 mm in the horizontal direction, and the size of this antenna may not meet the requirements of antenna miniaturization.
  • the present application provides a MIMO antenna.
  • the structure of the MIMO antenna in the embodiments of the present application will be introduced below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the antenna decoupling structure in the MIMO antenna is first described below.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna decoupling structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 includes a capacitor structure, and a ground branch 32 connected to the capacitor structure.
  • the first end of the ground stub 32 is connected to the ground 4 of the antenna to form an equivalent inductance L
  • the first end of the capacitor structure is connected to the ground 4 of the antenna
  • the second end of the capacitor structure is connected to the second end of the ground stub 32 connected so that the equivalent inductance L and the capacitive structure form an LC resonance structure.
  • the resonant frequency of the LC resonant structure is the same as the target decoupling frequency band, thereby achieving the purpose of decoupling.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided by the embodiment of the present application mainly includes a capacitor structure and a grounding branch 32 for forming an equivalent inductance L.
  • the decoupling structure 3 In order to reduce the size of the decoupling structure 3, that is, to shorten the coupling path of the current, it is necessary to ensure the small size of the ground branch 32 as much as possible, and then according to the relationship between the resonant frequency and the inductance and capacitance values, Adjust the capacitor value so that the resonant frequency of the LC resonant structure is the same as the target decoupling frequency band.
  • the specific shape and size of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in the embodiment of the present application can be determined through simulation and experiments according to the decoupling requirements of the target decoupling frequency band.
  • a lumped parameter capacitor 31A may be connected in series between the second end of the ground stub 32 and the floor 4 of the antenna.
  • a capacitive coupling branch 31B is added, the second end of the capacitive coupling branch 31B is connected to the ground 4 of the antenna, and the first end of the capacitive coupling branch 31B is connected to the ground branch 32
  • the second ends of the stubs 31B are relatively spaced apart, so that the first end of the capacitive coupling branch 31B and the second end of the ground branch 32 form a coupling capacitor, and the dashed box in FIG.
  • the coupling capacitor is a capacitor structure, which can be a standard capacitor plate structure or a 3D coupling capacitor structure, wherein the area where the second end of the ground stub 32 is opposite to the first end of the capacitive coupling stub 31B is is the coupling area in the coupling capacitor, the distance between the second end of the grounding branch 32 and the first end of the capacitive coupling branch 31B is the coupling distance.
  • the second end of the grounding branch 32 The height of the gap with the first end of the capacitively coupled branch 31B corresponds to the coupling distance.
  • the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor is proportional to the coupling area and inversely proportional to the coupling distance.
  • the capacitance value can be increased by increasing the coupling area and decreasing the coupling distance.
  • the shapes of the capacitively coupled branch 31B and the ground branch 32 are not limited, and it is only necessary to ensure that at least a part of the two are arranged opposite to each other up and down.
  • the capacitor structure may be as shown in FIG. 2b, and a first groove 323 is opened in the direction of the second ground sub-branch 322 toward the floor 4 of the antenna, wherein the ground branch 32 may It includes a first ground sub-branch 321 and a second ground sub-branch 322 arranged in an L shape, the first end of the first ground sub-branch 321 is vertically connected to the floor 4 of the antenna, and the first ground sub-branch 321 The second end of is vertically connected to the first end of the second ground sub-branch 322 .
  • the capacitive coupling branch 31B includes a first capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B1 and a second capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B2 arranged in a T shape, and the first end of the first capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B1 is located in the first groove 323 and is connected to the first groove 323 .
  • the first grooves 323 are relatively spaced apart, the second end of the first capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B1 is vertically connected to the floor 4 of the antenna, and the first end of the second capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B2 is vertically connected to the first capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B2,
  • the second capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B2 is disposed opposite to the second end of the second grounding sub-branch 322 .
  • the capacitive coupling branch 31B is designed to be a T-shaped structure in cooperation with the first groove, so that a plurality of coupling gaps are formed between the capacitive coupling branch 31B and the grounding branch 32 . , increase the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor.
  • the capacitor structure may be as shown in FIG. 5a, a third ground sub-branch 324 is connected to the second end of the second ground sub-branch 322, the third ground sub-branch The first end of 324 is vertically connected to the second end of the second ground sub-branch 322, and the second end of the third ground sub-branch 324 faces the direction of the floor 4 of the antenna.
  • the capacitive coupling sub-section 31B includes a third capacitive coupling sub-section 31B3 and a fourth capacitive coupling sub-section 31B4, the first end of the third capacitive coupling sub-section 31B3 is vertically connected to the floor 4 of the antenna, and the third capacitive coupling sub-section 31B3 The second end is vertically connected with the fourth capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B4, the fourth capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B4 is provided with a second groove 31B5 in the direction facing away from the antenna floor 4, and the second end of the third ground sub-branch 324 is located in the The two grooves 31B5 are arranged in and spaced apart from the second grooves 31B5.
  • the resonant frequency of the antenna decoupling structure provided by the embodiments of the present application is determined by the inductance value and capacitance value corresponding to the LC resonant structure. Therefore, the size of each part in the decoupling structure can be further reduced to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the length d2 of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in FIG. 2b in the horizontal direction is 10mm, which is 20mm smaller than that of the T-type decoupling structure.
  • the provided antenna decoupling structure is applied to the antenna, which can realize the miniaturization requirement of the antenna.
  • FIG. 2c shows a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the MIMO antenna includes a first antenna unit 1 , a second antenna unit 2 and the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the antenna decoupling structure 3 is located at a preset position between the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 .
  • the first antenna unit 1 may be an IFA antenna, a PIFA antenna, a left-hand antenna, etc., wherein the second antenna unit 2 may be combined with
  • the structures of the first antenna units 1 are the same or different.
  • the present application does not limit the working frequency bands of the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2, and the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 may have at least one same working frequency band.
  • the working frequency bands of the first antenna unit 1 are the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 3.8GHz frequency band
  • the working frequency bands of the second antenna unit 2 are the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 5GHz frequency band
  • the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 have the same frequency band.
  • Working frequency band the same working frequency band is 2.4GHz frequency band.
  • the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 have two frequency bands.
  • the same working frequency band, the same working frequency band is the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 5GHz frequency band, which are also the two commonly used working frequency bands for WIFI antennas at present.
  • the target decoupling frequency band of the antenna decoupling structure 3 is not limited.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 may be used for the decoupling frequency band of any one or both of the 2.4 GHz frequency band, the 3.8 GHz frequency band, and the 5 GHz frequency band. kind. That is to say, the antenna decoupling structure 3 in this embodiment of the present application can realize decoupling of a single-frequency or dual-frequency antenna.
  • the parameters corresponding to the antenna decoupling structure 3 can resonate the same frequency as the target decoupling frequency band; if the antenna decoupling structure 3 is used for decoupling the dual-frequency antenna, that is, the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 has two identical working frequency bands, and the parameters corresponding to the antenna decoupling structure 3 can form two resonant modes, and the two resonant modes resonate respectively with the same frequency as the two target decoupling frequency bands.
  • the following takes a MIMO antenna using an antenna decoupling structure 3 capable of decoupling 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz dual frequencies as an example for further introduction.
  • the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 have two identical operating frequency bands, 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 is determined in the manner of , so that under the excitation conditions of the 2.4GHz frequency band, the left-handed mode in the antenna decoupling structure 3 is the strongest resonance mode as shown in Figure 2d under the excitation conditions of the 5.5GHz frequency band; Under the current mode shown in Fig. 2e, the Loop mode in the antenna decoupling structure 3 is the strongest resonance mode.
  • the first feeding point 10 when the first feeding point 10 is excited, the current flowing in through the antenna floor 4 indirectly excites the antenna decoupling structure 3, and the antenna decoupling structure 3 is formed as shown in Figure 2d.
  • the current mode enables the LC resonant structure to generate a 2.4GHz resonant frequency, thereby coupling the current to the LC resonant structure through the floor 4 of the antenna, reducing the current flowing to the second feeding point 20, and improving the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • the first feeding point 10 refers to the feeding point of the first antenna unit 1
  • the second feeding point 20 refers to the feeding point of the second antenna unit 2 .
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 that can decouple the 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz dual-band antennas is determined through simulation and experiment, as shown in FIG. 2c, the length d2 in the horizontal direction is 10mm, according to the wavelength From the relationship between the frequency, it can be calculated that the lengths d1 of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are both 30mm, and the total length d of the MIMO antenna in the horizontal direction is 85mm.
  • the MIMO antenna in Fig. 2c has a smaller size, which realizes the miniaturization requirement of the antenna.
  • Figure 2f shows the performance curve of the first antenna unit 1 in Figure 2c in the simulation experiment
  • Figure 2g shows the simulation experiment
  • Figure 2c The performance curve of the second antenna unit 2
  • the performance curve, Figure 2h shows the isolation curve of the MIMO antenna shown in Figure 1a and the MIMO antenna shown in Figure 2c in the simulation experiment.
  • the performance curves of the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 respectively include return loss, radiation efficiency and system efficiency.
  • the unit of radiation efficiency and system efficiency can be dB. If the value of radiation efficiency and system efficiency is expressed in dB, the closer the dB value is to 0dB, the closer the radiation efficiency and system efficiency are to 100%. It can be seen from the return loss curves in Fig.
  • the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 have two identical operating frequency bands, which are the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 5.5GHz frequency band respectively;
  • the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna unit 1 in the two operating frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz are close to 100%.
  • Figure 2g the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the second antenna unit 2 in the two operating frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.5GHz are all close to 100%.
  • FIG. 2h after adding the antenna decoupling structure 3 in the embodiment of the present application, the isolation in both the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 5.5GHz frequency band is improved by about 5dB.
  • the isolation of the 2.4GHz band and the 5.5GHz band is about -22dB and -24dB respectively, which fully meets the isolation requirements.
  • the MIMO antenna provided by the above embodiments of the present application all meet the requirements of radiation efficiency, system efficiency and isolation degree, and the dimension d2 of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in the horizontal direction is smaller than that of the T-shaped decoupling structure 04 20mm.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a structure of an antenna unit, and the structure of the antenna unit may be the first antenna unit in the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first antenna unit 1 in the MIMO antenna constructs two antenna modes through the feeding branch 11, the floor branch 12 and the first radiation branch 13, which are the left-hand antenna mode and the first monopole antenna mode, respectively. Modes can resonate at different frequencies.
  • the second antenna unit 2 may adopt the same or different structure as the first antenna unit 1 , which is not limited in this application.
  • the left-hand antenna pattern of the first antenna unit 1 includes a feed branch 11 and a floor branch 12 .
  • the floor branch 12 includes a first floor sub-branch 121 and a second floor sub-branch 122; the first end of the first floor sub-branch 121 is connected to the floor 4 of the antenna, and the second end of the first floor sub-branch 121 is connected to the first floor sub-branch 121.
  • the first ends of the second floor sub-branches 122 are connected; the second ends of the second floor sub-branches 122 are relatively spaced from the feeding branch 11 to form a coupling capacitor, so that the floor branch 12 and the feeding branch 11 form a left-hand antenna pattern,
  • the parameters corresponding to the left-hand antenna mode meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the first working frequency band.
  • the first working frequency band may be any frequency band, such as a 2.4GHz frequency band, a 3.8GHz frequency band, a 5.5GHz frequency band, a 6.2GHz frequency band, and a 7.1GHz frequency band, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the shapes and sizes of the floor stubs 12 and the feeding stubs 11 can be adjusted, combined with simulation and experiments.
  • the left-handed antenna mode please refer to the description of the LC resonant structure in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the left-handed antenna mode is that the feed point is connected in series with a capacitor and then connected to the radiator for radiation. Due to the existence of the distributed capacitance, its resonance frequency is equivalent to that of the composite structure. The inductance value and capacitance value are determined, so it has the advantage of small size.
  • the difference between the left-handed antenna mode and the LC resonant structure is that the resonance of the left-handed antenna mode is directly excited by the first feeding point 10 of the first antenna element 1 , while the resonance of the LC resonant structure is generated by exciting the first feeding point 10 .
  • the current is excited indirectly through the floor of the antenna.
  • the present application does not limit the structure of the coupling capacitor formed in the left-handed antenna mode, and reference may be made to the capacitor structure in the LC resonance structure in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the resonant frequency of the left-handed antenna is determined by the inductance value and capacitance value.
  • the minimum length can be a quarter wavelength, and the length of the left-handed antenna can be at least one-eighth. wavelength, so the size of the first antenna unit 1 can be further reduced.
  • the first monopole antenna mode in the first antenna unit 1 includes a feeding branch 11 and a first radiation branch 13 .
  • the second end of the second floor sub-branch 122 is connected to the first radiating branch 13, the first radiating branch 13 and the feeding branch 11 form a first monopole antenna mode, and the parameters corresponding to the first monopole antenna mode satisfy the first Frequency requirements of the antenna unit 1 in the second working frequency band.
  • the second working frequency band and the first working frequency band are different working frequency bands, and the second working frequency band may be any working frequency band such as 2.4GHz, 3.8GHz, 5.5GHz, 6.2GHz, 7.1GHz, etc. This embodiment of the present application does not be limited.
  • the corresponding wavelength can be calculated according to the center frequency of transmission and reception, that is, the center frequency of the second operating frequency band of the first antenna unit, and then divided by 4 to obtain the first radiation in the first monopole antenna mode.
  • the left-hand antenna in the first antenna unit 1 should be used to resonate low frequencies
  • the first monopole antenna mode is used to resonate high frequencies.
  • the lengths d1 of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in the horizontal direction are both 16mm
  • the length d2 of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in the horizontal direction is 10 mm
  • the total length d in the horizontal direction of the antenna is 53 mm, which is reduced by 32 mm compared to the total length of the antenna in the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 2c.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides another structure of an antenna unit, and the structure of the antenna unit may be the first antenna unit in the foregoing embodiment.
  • FIG. 4a shows a schematic structural diagram of another MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4a shows another structure of the first antenna unit.
  • the structure of the first antenna unit shown in FIG. 4a is basically the same as that of the first antenna unit shown in FIG.
  • the first antenna element 1 is added with a second radiating branch 14 .
  • the second radiating branch 14 and the first radiating branch 13 are respectively disposed on both sides of the floor branch 12 , and the first end of the second radiating branch 14 is connected with the first end of the second floor sub-branch 122 .
  • the first antenna unit 1 in FIG. 4a constructs four antenna modes through the feeding branch 11, the floor branch 12, the first radiation branch 13 and the second radiation branch 14, which are the left-hand antenna mode and the first monopole antenna mode, respectively.
  • the second monopole antenna mode and the balanced antenna mode can resonate with different frequencies, so that the first antenna unit 1 can cover more working frequency bands.
  • the left-handed antenna mode and the first monopole antenna mode in the embodiment of the present application are the same as the left-handed antenna mode and the first monopole antenna mode in the above-mentioned embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
  • the first radiation branch 13, the second floor sub-branch 122, the second radiation branch 14, and the feeding branch 11 form a balanced antenna mode, and the parameters corresponding to the balanced antenna mode satisfy the requirements of the first antenna unit 1 in the third operating frequency band.
  • the third working frequency band may be any frequency band such as the 2.4GHz frequency band, the 3.8GHz frequency band, the 5.5GHz frequency band, the 6.2GHz frequency band, and the 7.1GHz frequency band, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the second radiation branch 14, the second floor sub-branch 122, and the feeding branch 11 form a second monopole antenna pattern.
  • the second radiation branch 14 may be bent, for example, as shown in FIG. 4a, the second radiation branch 14 is divided into vertically connected horizontal radiation branches 141 and vertical Radiation branch 142, the first end of the horizontal radiation branch 141 is connected with the first end of the second floor sub branch 122, the second end of the horizontal radiation branch 141 is connected with the first end of the vertical radiation branch 142, and the second end of the vertical radiation branch 142 is connected.
  • the two ends face the direction of the floor 4 of the antenna.
  • the parameters corresponding to the second monopole antenna mode meet the frequency requirements of the first antenna unit in the fourth working frequency band, and the fourth working frequency band can be 2.4GHz, 3.8GHz, 5.5GHz, 6.2GHz, 7.1GHz, etc. Any frequency band is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the length of the first radiation branch 13 may be a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the second working frequency band, and the total length of the second radiation branch and the second floor sub-branch 122 may be a quarter wavelength of the fourth working frequency band.
  • the total length of the radiation branch 13, the second floor sub-branch 122 and the second radiation branch 14 may be one-half wavelength of the third operating frequency band.
  • the first working frequency band of the first antenna unit 1 is smaller than the fourth working frequency band
  • the fourth working frequency band is smaller than the third working frequency band
  • the third working frequency band is smaller than the second working frequency band.
  • the first working frequency band is the 2.5GHz frequency band
  • the second working frequency band is the 7.1GHz frequency band
  • the third working frequency band is the 6.2GHz frequency band
  • the fourth working frequency band is the 5GHz frequency band.
  • the first antenna unit provided in this application can cover multiple working frequency bands by constructing multiple antenna modes. Therefore, the above antenna unit can be applied to a WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna or an NR antenna, wherein the WIFI MIMO tri-band
  • the working frequency bands of the antenna are 2.4-2.5GHz, 5.1-5.8GHz and 5.9-7.1GHz respectively; the working frequency bands of the NR antenna are 2.49-2.69GHz, 3.3-3.8GHz and 4.4-5GHz respectively.
  • the following describes the scenarios in which the above-mentioned first antenna unit is applied to the WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna and the NR antenna.
  • the above-mentioned first antenna unit is applied to the scenario of the WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna, as shown in Figure 4a, the length d1 of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit in the horizontal direction are both 16mm, and the antenna decoupling structure 3 is horizontal.
  • the length d2 is 9.8 mm, and the total length d of the MIMO antenna in the horizontal direction is 68 mm, which is reduced by 17 mm compared to the total length of the MIMO antenna in the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 2c.
  • Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the current mode corresponding to the first antenna unit in Figure 4a in the 2.5GHz frequency band
  • Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of Figure 4a
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the current mode corresponding to the first antenna unit in the 6.2GHz frequency band in FIG. 4a
  • FIG. 4e is the current corresponding to the first antenna unit in the 7.1GHz frequency band in FIG. 4a.
  • Fig. 4f is a performance curve diagram of the antenna without decoupling structure in Fig.
  • Fig. 4g is a performance curve diagram of the antenna with decoupling structure in Fig. 4a
  • Fig. 4h is the antenna of Fig. 4a and the antenna in Fig. 4a without decoupling
  • S1,1 refers to the return loss curve of the first antenna unit
  • S2,1 refers to the return loss curve of the second antenna unit
  • S2,2 refers to the relationship between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit. Isolation curve between antenna elements.
  • the first antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application may exhibit different current modes.
  • the working frequency band is the 2.5GHZ frequency band, as shown in Figure 4b
  • the first antenna unit presents a left-handed antenna mode
  • the working frequency band is the 5GHz frequency band
  • the first antenna unit presents a second monopole antenna mode as shown in Figure 4c
  • the frequency band is the 6.2GHz frequency band, as shown in Figure 4d
  • the first antenna unit presents a balanced antenna mode
  • the operating frequency band is the 7.1GHz frequency band
  • the first antenna unit presents the first monopole antenna mode as shown in Figure 4e.
  • FIG. 4i shows the size of the first antenna unit when the above-mentioned first antenna unit is applied to a WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna.
  • the floor sub-section 12 includes a first floor sub-section 121, a second floor sub-section 122 and a third floor sub-section 123.
  • the first end of the third floor sub-section 123 is vertically connected with the second end of the second floor sub-section 122.
  • a third groove 111 is formed on the electrical branch 11 facing away from the antenna floor 4 , and the second end of the third floor sub-branch 123 is located in the third groove 111 and is spaced apart from the third groove 111 to form a coupling
  • the second radiation branch 14 includes a horizontal radiation branch 141 and a vertical radiation branch 142, the first end of the horizontal radiation branch 141 is connected with the first end of the second floor sub branch 122, and the second end of the horizontal radiation branch 141 is connected to the vertical
  • the first ends of the radiation branches 142 are connected, and the second ends of the vertical radiation branches 142 face the direction of the floor 4 of the antenna.
  • the shortest distance a 1 in the horizontal direction between the first floor sub-section 121 and the third floor sub-section 123 is 6 mm, and the distance a 2 between the first side of the second floor sub-section 122 and the floor 4 of the antenna is 4.5 mm.
  • the distance a 3 between the second side of the second floor sub-branch 122 and the antenna floor 4 is 7.5 mm, wherein the first side of the second floor sub-branch 122 refers to the floor parallel to and close to the antenna floor
  • the side of one side, the second side of the second floor sub-branch 122 refers to the side of the side parallel to the floor of the antenna and away from the floor of the antenna; the first side of the first radiation branch 13 and the first radiation branch
  • the first side of the radiating branch 13 refers to the side parallel to the floor of the antenna and close to the floor of the antenna
  • the second side of the first radiating branch 13 refers to the side parallel to the floor of the antenna and away from the floor of the antenna
  • the side of the first floor sub-branch 121 refers to the side perpendicular to the floor of the antenna and close to the side of the feeding branch 11; the second end of the first radiating branch 13 and the first
  • the width a 11 of the third groove 111 is 4.14 mm
  • the height a 12 of the third groove 111 is 2.3 mm
  • the opening width a 13 of the third groove 111 is 2.14 mm, wherein the opening of the third groove 111 is at The center position of the third groove 111 in the width direction.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 can decouple more operating frequency bands, and then can be used in conjunction with the above antenna unit to be applied to an NR antenna .
  • FIG. 5a shows a schematic structural diagram of another antenna decoupling structure 3 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided in the embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided in the above-mentioned embodiment, except that the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided by the embodiment of the present application adds a first decoupling branch 33 and a second decoupling branch 33 . 2. Decoupling Branch 34.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 provided in this embodiment of the present application includes an LC resonance structure, a first decoupling branch 33 and a second decoupling branch 34 .
  • the capacitive structure in the LC resonance structure of the embodiment of the present application can be formed by coupling the capacitive coupling branch 31B and the grounding branch 32 disposed opposite to the capacitive coupling branch 31B, as shown in FIG. 5a; or as shown in FIG. 5b, The lumped-parameter capacitor 31A is used.
  • the LC resonance structure in this embodiment of the present application reference may be made to the description of the LC resonance structure in the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first end of the first decoupling branch 33 is connected with the second end of the ground branch 32
  • the first end of the second decoupling branch 33 is connected with the second end of the ground branch 32
  • the first decoupling branch 33 is connected to the second end of the ground branch 32 .
  • the second decoupling stubs 34 are located on both sides of the ground stubs 32, wherein the parameters of the LC resonant structure meet the decoupling requirements for the first target decoupling frequency band, and the length of the first decoupling stubs 33 satisfies the decoupling requirements for the second target.
  • the length of the second decoupling branch 34 meets the decoupling requirement for the third target decoupling frequency band.
  • the length of the first decoupling branch 33 may be a quarter of the center frequency of the second target decoupling frequency band wavelength
  • the length of the second decoupling branch 34 may be a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the third target decoupling frequency band.
  • the bent open end of the first decoupling branch 33 and the bent open end of the second decoupling branch 34 may be disposed opposite to each other.
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 in FIG. 5a or 5b can decouple one frequency band respectively through the LC resonant structure, the first decoupling branch 33 and the second decoupling branch 34, thereby realizing the decoupling of three operating frequency bands,
  • the LC resonance structure can be used to decouple the lowest frequency band among the three target decoupling frequency bands, so as to obtain the minimum size of the antenna decoupling structure 3 .
  • the antenna decoupling structure 3 in Figure 5a or Figure 5b can be used to decouple a WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna with three identical operating frequency bands, or a 5G (5th generation mobile networks, fifth generation mobile communication technology) NR antenna , Among them, the working frequency bands of the WIFI MIMO tri-band antenna are 2.4-2.5GHz, 5.1-5.8GHz and 5.9-7.1GHz respectively, and the working frequency bands included in the NR antenna are 2.49-2.69GHz, 3.3-3.8GHz, 4.4-5GHz respectively.
  • antenna decoupling structure 3 shown in FIG. 5a or FIG. 5b can be used in conjunction with the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 in FIG. 3a or FIG. 4a, and can also be used in conjunction with other types of antennas. This is not limited.
  • the first target decoupling frequency band is the 2.5GHz frequency band
  • the second target decoupling frequency band is the 3.8GHz frequency band
  • the third target decoupling frequency band is 5.5GHz
  • the length d2 of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in the horizontal direction is 15 mm, which is 15 mm smaller than that of the existing T-shaped decoupling structure.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic structural diagram of a MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • the antenna includes a first antenna unit 1, a second antenna unit 2, and an antenna decoupling structure 3, wherein the first antenna unit 1 adopts In the first antenna unit 1 shown in FIG. 4a, the antenna decoupling structure 3 adopts the antenna decoupling structure 3 shown in FIG. 5a or FIG. 5b, wherein the second antenna unit may have the same structure as the first antenna unit.
  • the length d1 of the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 in the horizontal direction is both 20.2 mm
  • the length d2 of the decoupling structure 3 in the horizontal direction is 15 mm
  • the total length d of the MIMO antenna in the horizontal direction is 75 mm, which is reduced by 40 mm compared to the total length of the MIMO antenna in the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 1b.
  • Figure 5d, Figure 5e, Figure 5f, Figure 5g, Figure 5h, Figure 5i, Figure 5j, Figure 5k, Figure 5l, and Figure 5m, Figure 5n and Figure 5o respectively show the excitation conditions of the 2.5GHz frequency band, the 3.8GHz frequency band and the 5.5GHz frequency band, when the first feed point is excited, the antenna decoupling structure 3 is not used on the MIMO antenna.
  • Figure 5g, Figure 5h and Figure 5i show the excitation conditions of the 2.5GHz frequency band, the 3.8GHz frequency band and the 5.5GHz frequency band, respectively, when the first feeding point is excited
  • the MIMO antenna shown in Figure 5c shows the Schematic diagram of current distribution
  • Figure 5j, Figure 5k and Figure 5l respectively show the schematic diagram of the current mode of the antenna decoupling structure 3 in Figure 5c corresponding to the 2.5GHz frequency band, 3.8GHz frequency band and 5.5GHz frequency band
  • Figure 5m shows that the antenna is not used
  • the performance curve of the MIMO antenna with decoupling structure see Figure 5d
  • Figure 5n shows the performance curve of the MIMO antenna with the antenna decoupling structure
  • Figure 5m shows the simulation experiment without using The MIMO antenna with the antenna decoupling structure (see Fig.
  • the antenna decoupling structure decouples one frequency band through the LC resonance structure, the first decoupling branch 33 and the second decoupling branch 34 respectively, thereby realizing decoupling of multiple operating frequency bands.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 5c has multiple working frequency bands, and the multiple working frequency bands can cover the working frequency bands 2.49-2.69 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz, and 4.4-5 GHz of the 5G NR antenna. It can be seen from Figure 5o that the isolation of the antenna using the antenna decoupling structure has been greatly improved in the 2.5GHz, 3.8GHz and 5.5GHz frequency bands, fully meeting the isolation requirements.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application can reduce the total length of the antenna in the horizontal direction, realize the miniaturization of the size of the antenna, and can decouple more frequency bands.
  • Fig. 5p shows the size of the first antenna element when the above-mentioned first antenna element is applied to the NR antenna
  • Fig. 5q shows the size of the antenna decoupling structure for decoupling the NR antenna.
  • the shortest distance b 3 between the second end of 13 and the third groove 111 is 3.9mm, the distance b 4 between the second end of the first radiating branch 13 and the second end of the horizontal radiating branch 141 is 20.2 mm, and the vertical radiation
  • the distance b 5 between the first side and the second side of the branch 142 is 4.5 mm; the width b 6 of the third groove 111 is 4.1 mm, and the height b 7 of the third groove 111 is 2.8 mm.
  • the first radiating branches 13 and the second radiating branches 14 may be branches of uniform width, or as shown in FIG. 5p , wider branches are used at the open ends of the first radiating branches 13 and the second radiating branches 14 . , which is not limited in this application.
  • the ground subsection 32 includes a first ground subsection 321, a second ground subsection 322, and a third ground subsection 324.
  • the first end of the first ground subsection 321 is connected to the antenna.
  • the floor 4 is connected vertically, the second end of the first ground sub-branch 321 is vertically connected with the first end of the second ground sub-branch 322, and the second end of the second ground sub-branch 322 is vertically connected with the third ground sub-branch 324
  • the first end of the ground sub-branch 324 is connected vertically, the second end of the third ground sub-branch 324 faces the direction of the floor 4 of the antenna, and the capacitive coupling branch 31B includes a third capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B3 and a fourth capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B4.
  • the third capacitive coupling branch The first end of the sub-branches 31B3 is vertically connected to the ground 4 of the antenna, the second end of the third capacitively coupled sub-branches 31B3 is vertically connected to the fourth capacitively-coupled sub-branches 31B4, and the fourth capacitively coupled sub-branches 31B4 face away from the floor 4 of the antenna
  • a second groove 31B5 is formed in the direction, and the second end of the third ground sub-branch 324 is located in the second groove 31B5 and is spaced apart from the second groove 31B5 to form a coupling capacitor.
  • the shortest horizontal distance c 1 between the first side of the first ground sub-branch 321 and the fourth capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B4 is 7.3 mm, and the second side of the first ground sub-branch 321 and the fourth capacitive coupling sub-branch 31B4 are 7.3 mm.
  • the shortest horizontal distance c 2 of the branch 31B4 is 8.5mm, wherein the first side of the first ground sub-branch 321 refers to the side that is perpendicular to the floor 4 of the antenna and is close to the side of the fourth capacitively coupled sub-branch 31B4.
  • the second side of the ground sub-section 321 refers to the side perpendicular to the ground 4 of the antenna and away from the side of the fourth capacitively coupled sub-section 31B4.
  • the distance c 3 between the ground 4 of the antenna and the first side of the second ground sub-branch 322 is 2.8 mm
  • the distance c 4 between the ground 4 of the antenna and the second side of the second ground sub-branch 322 is 3.8mm
  • the first side of the second ground sub-branch 322 refers to the side that is parallel to the floor 4 of the antenna and close to the side of the antenna's floor 4
  • the second side of the second ground sub-branch 322 is Refers to the side that is parallel to the floor 4 of the antenna and away from the floor 4 of the antenna.
  • the size of the first decoupling branch 33 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second target decoupling frequency band, and the length of the second decoupling branch 34 may be a quarter wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the third target decoupling frequency band. one wavelength.
  • the first decoupling branch 33 and the second decoupling branch 34 may be bent multiple times.
  • the first end of the first decoupling branch 33 is connected to the second end of the second ground sub-branch 322 to form a first connection point, and the first decoupling branch 33 is composed of
  • the antenna decoupling structure and the MIMO antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to a terminal, and the terminal may be any personal computer, tablet, mobile phone, etc. with a wireless communication function, which is not limited in this application.
  • the MIMO antenna shown in FIG. 4a can be applied to the WIFI tri-band antenna on the terminal notebook
  • the MIMO antenna shown in FIG. 5c can be applied to the NR antenna on the terminal notebook.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a prepared MIMO antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the MIMO antenna in FIG. 6 includes a first antenna unit 1, a second antenna unit 2, and an antenna decoupling structure 3, wherein the first The antenna unit 1 , the second antenna unit 2 and the antenna decoupling structure 3 are all attached to the dielectric substrate 5 , wherein the unfolded surface of the dielectric substrate 5 is perpendicular to the floor 4 of the antenna.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种天线解耦结构、MIMO天线及终端，包括回地枝节和电容结构；所述回地枝节的第一端与天线的地板连接，以形成等效电感；所述电容结构的第一端与所述天线的地板连接，所述电容结构的第二端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，以使所述等效电感与所述电容结构形成LC谐振结构，其中，所述LC谐振结构对应的参数满足对至少一种目标解耦频段的解耦要求。通过调整电容结构的电容值和等效电感L的电感值，使LC谐振结构的谐振频率与目标解耦频段相同，从而实现对目标解耦频段的解耦。由于谐振频率由LC谐振结构对应的电感值和电容值决定，因此，可以减小解耦结构中各部分尺寸，实现天线小型化。

Description

一种天线解耦结构、MIMO天线及终端
本申请要求于2021年5月6日提交到国家知识产权局、申请号为202110490769.6、发明名称为“一种天线解耦结构、MIMO天线及终端”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线解耦结构、MIMO天线及终端。
背景技术
随着移动通信技术的发展，要求终端笔记本所支持的频段越来越多，MIMO(Multi ple-Input Multiple-Out-put，多输入多输出)天线被越来越广泛的应用于终端笔记本。如图1a所示，图1a示出了一种传统笔记本上设计的天线结构，包括两个间隔相邻设置的I FA天线单元，左边IFA天线单元具有第一馈电点01，右边IFA天线单元具有第二馈电点02。当激励第一馈电点01时，电流会经天线的地板03耦合到第二馈电点02上，从而降低两个IFA天线单元之间的隔离度。
为了解决两个IFA天线单元之间的隔离度差的问题，如1b所示，在两个IFA天线单元之间增加一个T型解耦结构04，增加T型解耦结构04后，再激励第一馈电点01，从第一馈电点01流出的部分电流会经过天线的地板03耦合到T型解耦结构04上，减小流入第二馈电点02上的电流，从而提高两个IFA天线单元之间的隔离度。但是，图1b中的T型解耦结构04主要是通过调整解耦枝节的长度，实现对目标解耦频段的解耦，解耦枝节的长度一般最小为目标解耦频段的四分之一波长。以IFA天线单元的工作频段为2.4GHz和5GHz为例，T型解耦结构04为了解耦2.4GHz和5GHz双频段，T型解耦结构04包括两个不同长度的解耦枝节，其中，较长解耦枝节用于解耦2.4GHz频段，较短解耦枝节用于解耦5GHz频段，因此，用于解耦2.4GHz和5GHz双频天线的T型解耦结构04的解耦枝节的总长度d2至少要达到30mm，天线总长度d至少达到115mm。
但是，如图1c所示，随终端笔记本产品大幅度提升屏点比的发展趋势，为天线预留的空间越来越小，上述大尺寸天线，很难满足未来更高屏点比终端产品中小尺寸天线的需求；尤其在MIMO多天线设计上，当双天线操作在相同频率且天线彼此配置邻近时，双天线的隔离度将会大幅下降，因此，如何提升双天线隔离度，同时缩小天线尺寸是天线设计者需要突破的技术挑战。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种天线解耦结构、天线及终端，以构造的LC谐振结构对目标解耦频段解耦，实现天线尺寸小型化，同时提升天线之间的隔离度。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种天线解耦结构，包括回地枝节和电容结构；所述回地枝节的第一端与天线的地板连接，以形成等效电感；所述电容结构的第一端与所述天线的地板连接，所述电容结构的第二端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，以使所述等效电感与所述电容结构形成LC谐振结构，其中，所述LC谐振结构对应的参数满足对至少一种 目标解耦频段的解耦要求。
这样，通过调整电容结构的电容值和等效电感L的电感值，使LC谐振结构的谐振频率与目标解耦频段相同，从而实现对目标解耦频段的解耦。由于谐振频率由LC谐振结构对应的电感值和电容值决定，因此，可以减小解耦结构中各部分尺寸，实现天线小型化。通过调整LC谐振结构的参数，能够形成不同谐振模式，从而实现对不同目标解耦频段的解耦要求。
在一种实现方式中，本申请提供的一种天线解耦结构，还包括第一解耦枝节和第二解耦枝节；所述第一解耦枝节和所述第二解耦枝节分设于所述回地枝节的两侧；所述第一解耦枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，所述第一解耦枝节的长度满足对第二目标解耦频段的解耦要求；所述第二解耦枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，所述第二解耦枝节的长度满足对第三目标解耦频段的解耦要求；其中，所述LC谐振结构对应的参数满足对第一目标解耦频段的解耦要求，所述第一目标解耦频段为第一目标解耦频段、第二目标解耦频段和第三目标解耦频段中的最低频段。
这样，LC谐振结构、第一解耦枝节和第二解耦枝节可以分别解耦一种频段，进而实现对多种工作频段的解耦。
在一种实现方式中，所述第一解耦枝节的长度为第二目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长；所述第二解耦枝节的长度为第三目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长；所述第一解耦枝节弯折后的开路端与所述第二解耦枝节弯折后的开路端相对。
这样，第一解耦枝节和第二解耦枝节的长度满足对目标解耦频段的解耦要求，并且保证了尺寸的小型化；将第一解耦枝节弯折后的开路端与所述第二解耦枝节弯折后的开路端相对设置，可以进一步减小第一解耦枝节和第二解耦枝节的占用空间。
在一种实现方式中，所述电容结构采用集总参数电容器。
这样，集总参数电容器尺寸小，有利于实现解耦结构的小型化。
在一种实现方式中，所述电容结构通过电容耦合枝节，以及与所述电容耦合枝节的第一端相对间隔设置的所述回地枝节耦合形成，所述电容耦合枝节的第二端与所述天线的地板连接。
这样，利用电容耦合枝节和回地枝节耦合自身的结构构造出所需的电容结构，从而可以在耦合结构外添加较少的部件。
在一种实现方式中，所述电容耦合枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第一端之间形成多条耦合缝隙。
这样，在电容耦合枝节的第一端与回地枝节的第一端之间形成多条耦合缝隙，以增加耦合面积，提高电容结构的电容值。
在一种实现方式中，所述回地枝节包括呈L型设置的第一回地子枝节和第二回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节朝向所述天线的地板方向开设有第一凹槽；所述电容耦合枝节包括呈T型设置的第一电容耦合子枝节和第二电容耦合子枝节，所述第一电容耦合子枝节的第一端位于所述第一凹槽内、且与所述第一凹槽相对间隔设置，所述第一电容耦合子枝节的第二端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第二电容耦合子枝节的第一端与所述第一电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第二电容耦合子枝节与所述第二回地子枝节的第二端相对间隔设置。
这样，通过在回地枝节上设置第一凹槽，电容耦合枝节配合第一凹槽设计为T型结构，从而在电容耦合枝节与所述回地枝节之间形成多条耦合缝隙，提升耦合电容的电容值。
在一种实现方式中，所述回地枝节包括第一回地子枝节、第二回地子枝节和第三回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节的第二端与第三回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向；所述电容耦合枝节包括第三电容耦合子枝节和第四电容耦合子枝节，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第二端与所述第四电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第四电容耦合子枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第二凹槽，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端位于所述第二凹槽内、且与所述第二凹槽相对间隔设置。
这样，通过在电容耦合枝节上设置第二凹槽，回地枝节上配合设计与第二凹槽相对间隔设置的第三回地子枝节，从而在电容耦合枝节与所述回地枝节之间形成多条耦合缝隙，提升耦合电容的电容值。
在一种实现方式中，所述第一目标解耦频段为2.49-2.69GHz，所述第二目标解耦频段为3.3-3.8GHz，第三目标解耦频段为4.4-5GHz；所述回地枝节包括第一回地子枝节、第二回地子枝节和第三回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节的第二端与第三回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向，所述电容耦合枝节包括第三电容耦合子枝节和第四电容耦合子枝节，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第二端与所述第四电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第四电容耦合子枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第二凹槽，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端位于所述第二凹槽内、且与所述第二凹槽相对间隔设置；其中，所述第一回地子枝节的第一侧边与所述第四电容耦合子枝节的最短水平距离为7.3mm，所述第一回地子枝节的第二侧边与所述第四电容耦合子枝节的最短水平距离为8.5mm，所述天线的地板与所述第二回地子枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为2.8mm，所述天线的地板与所述第二回地子枝节第二侧边之间的距离为3.8mm；所述第一解耦枝节的第一端与所述第二回地子枝节的第二端连接，形成第一连接点，所述第一解耦枝节由所述第一连接点依次向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸1mm、向与所述天线的地板平行且远离第三电容耦合子枝节方向延伸11.5mm、向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸3.7mm、向与所述天线的地板平行且靠近第三电容耦合子枝节方向延伸7mm；所述第二解耦枝节的开路端与所述第一解耦枝节的开路端相对设置，所述第二解耦枝节由开路端依次向远离所述第一解耦枝节方向延伸5mm、向靠近所述天线的地板方向延伸2.5mm、向靠近所述第一解耦枝节方向延伸3.5mm、向靠近所述天线的地板方向垂直方向延与所述第一连接点连接。
这样，该天线解耦结构可以应用于NR天线，解耦NR天线的工作频段。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种MIMO天线，包括：第一天线单元、第二天线单元、以及第一方面中的天线解耦结构，所述天线解耦结构位于所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元之间预设位置，用于提升第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的隔离度。
这样，通过调整LC谐振结构的参数，能够形成不同谐振模式，从而可以实现对第一天线单元和第二天线单元的不同工作频段的解耦。
在一种实现方式中，所述第一天线单元包括馈电枝节、地板枝节和第一辐射枝节；所述地板枝节包括与第一地板子枝节和第二地板子枝节；所述第一地板子枝节的第一端与天线的地板连接；所述第一地板子枝节的第二端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接；所述第二地板子枝节的第二端与所述馈电枝节相对间隔设置，以形成耦合电容；所述地板枝节与所述馈电枝节形成左手天线模式，所述左手天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第一工作频段的频率要求；所述第二地板子枝节的第二端与第一辐射枝节连接，所述第一辐射枝节与所述馈电枝节形成第一单极子天线模式，所述第一单极子天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第二工作频段的频率要求；所述第一工作频段小于所述第二工作频段。
这样，通过馈电枝节、地板枝节和第一辐射枝节构造出二种天线模式，分别为左手天线模式和第一单极子天线模式，这两种天线模式能够谐振不同频率。左手天线的谐振频率由电感值、电容值决定，相比于IFA天线、单极子天线或其他天线的长度最小能够做到四分之一波长，左手天线的长度最小能够做到八分之一波长，因此可以进一步减小第一天线单元的尺寸。
在一种实现方式中，第一天线单元还包括第二辐射枝节，所述第二辐射枝节与所述第一辐射枝节分设于所述地板枝节两侧，所述第二辐射枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接，所述第一辐射枝节、第二地板子枝节、第二辐射枝节、以及所述馈电枝节形成平衡天线模式，所述平衡天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第三工作频段的频率要求；所述第二辐射枝节、所述第二地板子枝节、以及所述馈电枝节形成第二单极子天线模式，所述第二单极子天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第四工作频段的频率要求；所述第一工作频段小于所述第四工作频段，所述第四工作频段小于所述第三工作频段，所述第三工作频段小于所述第二工作频段。
这样，通过馈电枝节、地板枝节、第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节构造出四种天线模式，分别为左手天线模式、第一单极子天线模式、第二单极子天线模式和平衡天线模式，以上四种天线模式能够谐振不同频率，使第一天线单元能够覆盖更多的工作频段。
在一种实现方式中，所述地板枝节还包括第三地板子枝节，所述第三地板子枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第二端垂直连接，所述馈电枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第三凹槽，所述第三地板子枝节的第二端位于所述第三凹槽内、且与所述第三凹槽相对间隔设置；所述第二辐射枝节包括水平辐射枝节和垂直辐射枝节，所述水平辐射枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接，所述水平辐射枝节的第二端与所述垂直辐射枝节的第一端连接，所述垂直辐射枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向。
这样，将第二辐射枝节弯折处理，可以进一步减小天线单元在水平方向的尺寸。
在一种实现方式中，所述MIMO天线作为WIFI MIMO三频天线使用，其中，所述WIFI MIMO三频天线的包括的工作频段分别为2.4-2.5GHz、5.1-5.8GHz和5.9-7.1GHz；所述第一地板子枝节与所述第三地板子枝节水平方向的最短间距为6mm，所述第二地板子枝节的第一侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离为4.5mm，所述第二地板子枝节的第二侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离为7.5mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述第一辐射枝节的第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述第一地板子 枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为11.2mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述水平辐射枝节的第二端之间的距离为16mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述水平辐射枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为2mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述水平辐射枝节的第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述水平辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离6mm；所述第三凹槽的宽度为4.14mm，所述三凹槽的高度为2.3mm，所述第三凹槽的开口宽度为2.14mm。
这样，天线单元能够覆盖WIFI MIMO三频天线的工作频段。
在一种实现方式中，所述MIMO天线作为NR天线使用，其中，所述NR天线的包括的工作频段分别为2.49-2.69GHz，3.3-3.8GHz，4.4-5GHz；所述第一地板子枝节由所述第一地板子枝节的第一端依次向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸5.5mm、向平行于所述天线的地板的方向延伸第一预设距离后，与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接；所述第一辐射枝节的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端距离所述第三凹槽的最近距离为3.9mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述水平辐射枝节的第二端之间的距离为20.2mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离为4.5mm；所述第三凹槽的宽度为4.1mm，所述三凹槽的高度为2.8mm。
这样，天线单元能够覆盖NR天线的工作频段。
在一种实现方式中，所述第一天线单元的结构与所述第二天线单元的结构相同。
这样，第一天线单元和第二天线单元都采用具有左手天线模式和第一单极子天线模式的天线结构，或者，第一天线单元和第二天线单元都采用具有左手天线模式、第一单极子天线模式、第二单极子天线模式和平衡天线模式的天线结构，使第一天线单元和第二天线单元都具有更多的工作频段，并且减小天线整体尺寸。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种终端，包括第二方面所述MIMO天线。
这样，可以满足终端产品更高屏点比的发展趋势。
附图说明
图1a为一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图1b为另一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图1c为一种终端笔记本的结构示意图。
图2a为本申请实施例提供的一种天线解耦结构的结构示意图。
图2b为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线解耦结构的结构示意图。
图2c为本申请实施例提供一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图2d为2.4GHz频段的激励条件下，图2c中天线解耦结构上的电流模式示意图。
图2e为5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，图2c中天线解耦结构上的电流模式示意图。
图2f为图2c中第一天线单元的性能曲线图。
图2g为图2c中第二天线单元的性能曲线图。
图2h为图1a中MIMO天线，以及图2c中MIMO天线，两者的隔离度曲线对比图。
图3a为本申请实施例提供的又一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图4a为本申请实施例提供的又一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图4b为2.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图4a中第一天线单元上的电流模式示意图。
图4c为5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图4a中第一天线单元上的电流模式示意图。
图4d为6.2GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图4a中第一天线单元上的电流模式示意图。
图4e为7.1GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图4a中第一天线单元上的电流模式示意图。
图4f为图4a中未采用解耦结构的MIMO天线的性能曲线图。
图4g为图4a中MIMO天线的性能曲线图。
图4h为图4a的MIMO天线以及图4a中未采用解耦结构的MIMO天线，两者的隔离度曲线对比图。
图4i为图4a中第一天线单元的尺寸图。
图5a为本申请实施例提供的又一种天线解耦结构的结构示意图。
图5b为本申请实施例提供的又一种天线解耦结构的结构示意图。
图5c为本申请实施例提供的又一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
图5d为2.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5e为3.8GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5f为5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5g为2.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5h为3.8GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5i为5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图。
图5j为2.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中天线解耦结构上的电流分布示意图。
图5k为3.8GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中天线解耦结构上的电流模式示意图。
图5l为5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电口时，图5c中天线解耦结构上的电流模式示意图。
图5m为图5d中MIMO天线的性能曲线图。
图5n为图5c中天MIMO线的性能曲线图。
图5o为图5d中MIMO天线，以及图5c中MIMO天线，两者的隔离度曲线对比图。
图5p为图5c中第一天线单元的尺寸图。
图5q为图5c中天线解耦结构的尺寸图。
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
01-第一馈电点，02-第二馈电点，03-天线的地板，04-T型解耦结构。
1-第一天线单元，2-第二天线单元，3-天线解耦结构，4-天线的地板，5-介质基板；10-第一馈电点，11-馈电枝节，12-地板枝节，13-第一辐射枝节，14-第二辐射枝节，20-第二馈电点，31A-集总参数电容器，31B-电容耦合枝节，32-回地枝节，33-第一解耦枝节，34-第二解耦枝节；111-第三凹槽，121-第一地板子枝节，122-第二地板子枝节，123-第三地板子枝节，141-水平辐射枝节，142-垂直辐射枝节，31B1-第一电容耦合子枝节，31B2-第二电容耦合子枝节，31B3-第三电容耦合子枝节，31B4-第四电容耦合子枝节，31B5-第二凹槽，321-第一回地子枝节，322-第二回地子枝节，323-第一凹槽；324-第三回地子枝节。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了便于理解本申请的技术方案，以下先对天线的隔离度这个概念作简单介绍。
隔离度(isolation)是指一个天线单元发射功率与另一个天线单元所接受功率的比值，单位可以为dB。天线的隔离度用于定量表征天线单元之间耦合的强弱程度。隔离度的单位可以为dB，将发射功率与接受功率的比值取以10为底的对数，即lg，就得到以dB为计数单位来表示的隔离度的值，隔离度的数值越大，表明两个天线单元之间的相互干扰程度越小。MIMO天线由于具有信道容量高、信道的可靠性高等特点，被越来越多的应用于各种无线通信系统中，但是受天线放置空间的限制，天线单元彼此邻近，存在天线隔离度差的问题，尤其是两个天线单元在相同工作频段的情况下，天线单元之间的耦合作用严重，天线的隔离度将会大幅下降。
为了提高天线的隔离度，在一种实现方式中，可以在两天线单元之间增加T型解耦结构。
请参见图1b，图1b是采用T型解耦结构的天线的结构示意图。该天线包括两个IF A天线单元以及位于两个IFA天线单元之间的T型解耦结构04。在激励第一馈电点01时，T型解耦结构04通过产生与IFA天线单元工作频段相同的谐振频率，使部分电流经过天线的地板01耦合到T型解耦结构04，减小流向第二馈电点02的电流，从而提高两个IFA天线单元之间的隔离度。
由于IFA天线单元的长度与频率有关，频率越高，波长越短，IFA天线单元的尺寸就越短；频率越低，波长越长，IFA天线单元的尺寸就越长。例如，图1b中的IFA天线单元为了覆盖2.4GHz和5GHz两个工作频段，IFA天线单元包括两个辐射枝节，其中，较长的辐射枝节的长度为2.4GHz对应的四分之一波长，较短辐射枝节的长度为5GHz对应的四分之一波长。根据波长与频率之间的关系，可以计算得到该IFA天线单元的天线总长度d1为30mm。T型解耦结构04通过产生与IFA天线单元相同的谐振频率而实现解耦，因此，为了解耦2.4GHz和5GHz双频段，T型解耦结构04也包括两个不同长度的解耦枝节，其中，较长解耦枝节用于解耦2.4GHz频段，较短解耦枝节用于解耦5GHz频段，同样可以计算得到T型解耦结构04在水平方向上的总长度d2也为30mm，因此，图2中示出的采用T型解耦结构04的天线，在水平方向上的总长度d至少达到115mm， 而这一天线尺寸可能不满足天线小型化需求。
为了解决天线尺寸不能满足天线小型化需求，本申请提供了一种MIMO天线。下面结合附图对本申请实施例中MIMO天线的结构进行介绍。
下面首先对该MIMO天线中的天线解耦结构进行说明。
请参见图2a，图2a为本申请实施例提供的一种天线解耦结构的结构示意图。该天线解耦结构3包括电容结构，以及与电容结构连接的回地枝节32。回地枝节32的第一端与天线的地板4连接，以形成等效电感L，电容结构的第一端与天线的地板4连接，电容结构的第二端与回地枝节32的第二端连接，以使等效电感L与电容结构形成LC谐振结构。
本申请实施例中，通过调整电容结构的电容值和等效电感L的电感值，使LC谐振结构的谐振频率与目标解耦频段相同，从而实现解耦的目的。本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构3主要包括电容结构，以及用于形成等效电感L的回地枝节32。想要减小解耦结构3的尺寸，也就是要缩短电流的耦合路径，因此，要尽可能的保证回地枝节32小尺寸，然后再根据谐振频率与电感值和电容值之间的关系，调整电容值，使LC谐振结构的谐振频率与目标解耦频段相同。本申请实施例中的天线解耦结构3的具体形状以及尺寸，可以根据目标解耦频段的解耦要求，通过仿真、实验来确定。
本申请实施例对采用的电容结构不进行限定。在一种实现方式中，如图2a所示，可以在回地枝节32的第二端与天线的地板4之间串联集总参数电容器31A。在另一种实现方式中，如图2b所示，增加一个电容耦合枝节31B，该电容耦合枝节31B的第二端与天线的地板4连接，电容耦合枝节31B的第一端与回地枝节32的第二端相对间隔设置，这样，电容耦合枝节31B的第一端与回地枝节32的第二端形成耦合电容，图2b中虚线方框部分为形成的耦合电容。耦合电容为一种电容结构，该电容结构可以为标准的电容板结构，也可以为3D耦合电容结构，其中，回地枝节32的第二端与电容耦合枝节31B的第一端相对的面积即为耦合电容中的耦合面积，回地枝节32的第二端与电容耦合枝节31B的第一端之间间隔的距离即耦合距离，本申请实施例中，可以认为回地枝节32的第二端与电容耦合枝节31B的第一端之间缝隙高度相当于耦合距离。耦合电容的电容值与耦合面积成正比，与耦合距离成反比。因此，可以通过增加耦合面积、减小耦合距离来增大电容值。本申请实施例，对电容耦合枝节31B和回地枝节32的形状均不加以限定，仅需保证两者至少有一部分上下相对设置即可。
在一种实现方式中，电容结构可以是如图2b中示出的，在第二回地子枝节322朝向所述天线的地板4方向开设有第一凹槽323，其中，回地枝节32可以包括呈L型设置的第一回地子枝节321和第二回地子枝节322，第一回地子枝节321的第一端与天线的地板4垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节321的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节322的第一端垂直连接。对应的，电容耦合枝节31B包括呈T型设置的第一电容耦合子枝节31B1和第二电容耦合子枝节31B2，第一电容耦合子枝节31B1的第一端位于第一凹槽323内、且与第一凹槽323相对间隔设置，第一电容耦合子枝节31B1的第二端与天线的地板4垂直连接，第二电容耦合子枝节31B2的第一端与第一电容耦合子枝节31B2垂直连接，第二电容耦合子枝节31B2与第二回地子枝节322的第二端相对间隔设置。这样，通过在回地枝节32上设置第一凹槽，电容耦合枝节31B配合第一凹槽设计为T型结构，从而在电容耦合枝节31B与所述回地枝节32之间形成多条耦合缝隙，提升耦合电容的电容值。
在另一种实现方式中，电容结构可以是如图5a中示出的，在第二回地子枝节322的第二端连接有一个第三回地子枝节324，该第三回地子枝节324的第一端与第二回地子枝节322的第二端垂直连接，第三回地子枝节324的第二端朝向天线的地板4方向。对应的，电容耦合枝节31B包括第三电容耦合子枝节31B3和第四电容耦合子枝节31B4，第三电容耦合子枝节31B3的第一端与天线的地板4垂直连接，第三电容耦合子枝节31B3的第二端与第四电容耦合子枝节31B4垂直连接，第四电容耦合子枝节31B4背向天线的地板4方向开设有第二凹槽31B5，第三回地子枝节324的第二端位于第二凹槽31B5内、且与第二凹槽31B5相对间隔设置。这样，通过在电容耦合枝节上设置第二凹槽，回地枝节上配合设计与第二凹槽相对间隔设置的第三回地子枝节，从而在电容耦合枝节31B与所述回地枝节32之间形成多条耦合缝隙，提升耦合电容的电容值。
本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构的谐振频率由LC谐振结构对应的电感值和电容值决定，因此，可以进一步减小解耦结构中各部分尺寸，以实现天线小型化。
以解耦2.4GHz和5GHz双频段为例，图2b中的天线解耦结构3在水平方向的长度d2为10mm，相比于T型解耦结构减小了20mm，因此，将本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构应用于天线，可以实现天线的小型化要求。
请参见图2c，图2c示出了本申请实施例提供的一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。该MIMO天线，包括第一天线单元1，第二天线单元2和上述实施例提供的天线解耦结构3，天线解耦结构3位于第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2之间预设位置。
本申请实施例对第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2的结构不进行限定，例如，第一天线单元1可以是IFA天线、PIFA天线、左手天线等，其中，第二天线单元2可以与第一天线单元1的结构相同或不同。
本申请对第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2的工作频段不进行限定，第一天线单元1与第二天线单元2可以具有至少一个相同工作频段。例如，第一天线单元1的工作频段为2.4GHz频段和3.8GHz频段，第二天线单元2的工作频段为2.4GHz频段和5GHz频段，则第一天线单元1与第二天线单元2具有一个相同工作频段，相同的工作频段为2.4GHz频段。又例如，第一天线单元1的工作频段为2.4GHz频段和5GHz频段，第二天线单元2的工作频段为2.4GHz频段和5GHz频段，则第一天线单元1与第二天线单元2具有两个相同工作频段，相同的工作频段为2.4GHz频段和5GHz频段，这也是目前WIFI天线常用的两种工作频段。
本申请实施例中对天线解耦结构3的目标解耦频段不进行限定，例如，天线解耦结构3可以用于解耦频段为2.4GHz频段、3.8GHz频段和5GHz频段中任一种或两种。也就是说，本申请实施例中的天线解耦结构3可以实现对单频或双频天线的解耦。如果天线解耦结构3用于对单频天线的解耦，即第一天线单元1与第二天线单元2具有一个相同的工作频段，天线解耦结构3对应的参数(参数包括回地枝节的形状以及尺寸，电容结构的电容值等)能够谐振与该目标解耦频段相同的频率；如果天线解耦结构3用于对双频天线的解耦，即第一天线单元1与第二天线单元2具有两个相同的工作频段，天线解耦结构3对应的参数能够形成两种谐振模式，两种谐振模式分别谐振与该两个目标解耦频段相同的频率。
下面以一种采用能够解耦2.4GHz和5.5GHz双频的天线解耦结构3的MIMO天线为例，进行进一步介绍。
如图2c所示，第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2具有两个相同的工作频段2.4GHz频段和5.5GHz频段，为了能够实现2.4GHz和5.5GHz双频解耦，可以通过仿真、实验的方式确定天线解耦结构3，使得在2.4GHz频段的激励条件下，如图2d所示的电流模式，天线解耦结构3中的左手模式为最强谐振模式；在5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，如图2e所示的电流模式，天线解耦结构3中的Loop模式为最强谐振模式。以采用2.4GHz频段的激励条件为例，激励第一馈电点10时，经天线的地板4流入的电流间接激励天线解耦结构3，在天线解耦结构3上形成如图2d所示的电流模式，使LC谐振结构产生2.4GHz谐振频率，从而将电流经过天线的地板4耦合到LC谐振结构上，减小流向第二馈电点20的电流，提高第一天线单元与第二天线单元之间的隔离度，第一馈电点10是指第一天线单元1的馈电点，第二馈电点20是指第二天线单元2的馈电点。
本申请实施例中，通过仿真、实验的方式确定的能够解耦2.4GHz和5.5GHz双频天线的天线解耦结构3，如图2c所示，在水平方向上的长度d2为10mm，根据波长与频率之间的关系式，可以计算得到第一天线单元和第二天线单元的长度d1均为30mm，该MIMO天线在水平方向上的总长度d为85mm。相比于图1b中的MIMO天线，图2c中的MIMO天线具有更小的尺寸，实现了天线的小型化要求。
请继续参见图2f、图2g和图2h，图2f示出了仿真实验中，图2c中第一天线单元1的性能曲线，图2g示出了仿真实验中，图2c第二天线单元2的性能曲线，图2h示出了仿真实验中，图1a所示的MIMO天线，以及图2c所示的MIMO天线，两者的隔离度曲线。其中，第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2的性能曲线分别包括回波损耗、辐射效率和系统效率。辐射效率和系统效率的单位都可以为dB，如果以dB为计数单位来表示的辐射效率和系统效率的值，那么dB数值越接近0dB，表示辐射效率和系统效率越接近100％。由图2f和图2g中的回波损耗曲线可知，第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2具有两个相同的工作频段，分别为2.4GHz频段和5.5GHz频段；由图2f可知，第一天线单元1在2.4GHz和5.5GHz两个工作频段的辐射效率和系统效率都接近100％，由图2g可知，第二天线单元2在2.4GHz和5.5GHz两个工作频段的辐射效率和系统效率都接近100％。由图2h可知，增加本申请实施例中的天线解耦结构3后，在2.4GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的隔离度都提高了5dB左右。2.4GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的隔离度分别为-22dB左右和-24dB左右，完全满足隔离度需求。
综上，本申请上述实施例提供的MIMO天线，辐射效率、系统效率和隔离度均满足要求，并且，天线解耦结构3在水平方向的尺寸d2，相比于T型解耦结构04减小了20mm。
本申请实施例还提供一种天线单元的结构，该天线单元的结构可以是前述实施例中的第一天线单元。
参见图3a，图3a示出了本申请实施例提供的一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。该MIMO天线中的第一天线单元1通过馈电枝节11、地板枝节12和第一辐射枝节13构造出二种天线模式，分别为左手天线模式和第一单极子天线模式，这两种天线模式能够谐振不同频率。其中，第二天线单元2可以采用与第一天线单元1相同或不同的结构，本申请对此不进行限定。
如图3a所示，第一天线单元1的左手天线模式，包括馈电枝节11和地板枝节12。其中，地板枝节12包括与第一地板子枝节121和第二地板子枝节122；第一地板子枝节 121的第一端与天线的地板4连接，第一地板子枝节121的第二端与第二地板子枝节122的第一端连接；第二地板子枝节122的第二端与馈电枝节11相对间隔设置，以形成耦合电容，这样，地板枝节12与馈电枝节11形成左手天线模式，左手天线模式对应的参数满足第一天线单元在第一工作频段的频率要求。其中，第一工作频段可以是2.4GHz频段、3.8GHz频段、5.5GHz频段、6.2GHz频段、7.1GHz频段等任一频段，本申请实施例对此不进行限定。
为了使左手天线模式对应的参数满足第一天线单元在第一工作频段的通信要求，可以通过对地板枝节12和馈电枝节11的形状以及尺寸调整，并结合仿真、实验来确定。左手天线模式可以参见上述实施例中对LC谐振结构的描述，左手天线模式为馈点串联电容后连接到辐射体进行辐射，由于分布式电容的存在，使得其谐振频率由复合的结构等效的电感值、电容值决定，因而具有小尺寸的优点。左手天线模式与LC谐振结构的不同之处在于：左手天线模式的谐振直接通过第一天线单元1的第一馈电点10激励，而LC谐振结构的谐振通过激励第一馈电点10产生的电流经天线的地板间接激励。本申请对左手天线模式中形成的耦合电容的结构不进行限定，可以参见上述实施例中LC谐振结构中的电容结构。
左手天线的谐振频率由电感值、电容值决定，相比于IFA天线、单极子天线或其他天线的长度最小能够做到四分之一波长，左手天线的长度最小能够做到八分之一波长，因此可以进一步减小第一天线单元1的尺寸。第一天线单元1中的第一单极子天线模式，包括馈电枝节11和第一辐射枝节13。第二地板子枝节122的第二端与第一辐射枝节13连接，第一辐射枝节13与馈电枝节11组成第一单极子天线模式，第一单极子天线模式对应的参数满足第一天线单元1在第二工作频段的频率要求。其中，第二工作频段和第一工作频段是不同的工作频段，第二工作频段可以是2.4GHz、3.8GHz、5.5GHz、6.2GHz、7.1GHz等任一工作频段，本申请实施例对此不进行限定。
天线的长度为无线电信号波长的1/4时，天线的发射和接收转换效率最高。因此，可以根据发射和接收的中心频率，即第一天线单元的第二工作频段的中心频率算出对应的波长，再将算出的波长除以4就得到第一单极子天线模式中第一辐射枝节13的最佳长度。举例说明，例如第二工作频段的中心频率为2.4GHz，根据频率f与波长λ之间的关系式v＝fλ，可以计算得到2.4GHz对应的波长λ，进而计算第一辐射枝节13的长度为λ/4。
由此可以看出，频率越低，对应的第一辐射枝节13的长度越大，因此，为了减小第一天线单元1的尺寸，应该使第一天线单元1中的左手天线用来谐振低频，第一单极子天线模式用来谐振高频。
以第一工作频段为2.5GHz频段，第二工作频段为5GHz频段为例，如图3a所示，该MIMO天线中，第一天线单元和第二天线单元在水平方向的长度d1均为16mm，天线解耦结构3在水平方向的长度d2为10mm，该天线在水平方向总长度d为53mm，相比于图2c示出的天线在水平方向的总长度又减小了32mm。
为了使天线单元能够覆盖更多的工作频段。本申请实施例提供了另一种天线单元的结构，该天线单元的结构可以是前述实施例中的第一天线单元。
参见图4a，图4a示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种MIMO天线的结构示意图。图4a中展示了另一种第一天线单元的结构，图4a所示的第一天线单元的结构与图3a所示的 第一天线单元的结构基本相同，不同之处在于，图4a中的第一天线单元1增加了第二辐射枝节14。第二辐射枝节14与第一辐射枝节13分设于地板枝节12两侧，第二辐射枝节14的第一端与第二地板子枝节122的第一端连接。
图4a中的第一天线单元1通过馈电枝节11、地板枝节12、第一辐射枝节13和第二辐射枝节14构造出四种天线模式，分别为左手天线模式、第一单极子天线模式、第二单极子天线模式和平衡天线模式，以上四种天线模式能够谐振不同频率，使第一天线单元1能够覆盖更多的工作频段。
如图4a所示，本申请实施例中的左手天线模式和第一单极子天线模式与上述实施例中的左手天线模式和第一单极子天线模式相同，此处不再赘述。
其中，第一辐射枝节13、第二地板子枝节122、第二辐射枝节14、以及馈电枝节11形成平衡天线模式，该平衡天线模式对应的参数满足第一天线单元1在第三工作频段的频率要求，第三工作频段可以是2.4GHz频段、3.8GHz频段、5.5GHz频段、6.2GHz频段、7.1GHz频段等任一频段，本申请实施例对此不进行限定。
其中，第二辐射枝14、第二地板子枝节122、以及馈电枝节11形成第二单极子天线模式。为了减小第二辐射枝14在水平方向上的占用空间，可以将第二辐射枝14弯折处理，例如图4a示出的，将第二辐射枝节14分成垂直连接的水平辐射枝节141和垂直辐射枝节142，水平辐射枝节141的第一端与第二地板子枝节122的第一端连接，水平辐射枝节141的第二端与垂直辐射枝节142的第一端连接，垂直辐射枝节142的第二端朝向天线的地板4方向。第二单极子天线模式对应的参数满足第一天线单元在第四工作频段的频率要求，第四工作频段可以是2.4GHz频段、3.8GHz频段、5.5GHz频段、6.2GHz频段、7.1GHz频段等任一频段，本申请实施例对此不进行限定。
第一辐射枝节13长度可以为第二工作频段的中心频率四分之一波长，第二辐射枝节和第二地板子枝节122的总长度可以为第四工作频段的四分之一波长,第一辐射枝节13、第二地板子枝节122和第二辐射枝节14的总长度可以为第三工作频段的二分之一波长。为了实现第一天线单元1尺寸最小化，第一天线单元1的第一工作频段小于第四工作频段，第四工作频段小于第三工作频段，第三工作频段小于第二工作频段。例如，第一工作频段为2.5GHz频段，第二工作频段为7.1GHz频段，第三工作频段为6.2GHz频段，第四工作频段为5GHz频段。
综上，本申请上述提供的第一天线单元通过构建多种天线模式，能够覆盖多个工作频段，因此，可以将上述天线单元应用于WIFI MIMO三频天线或者NR天线，其中，WIFI MIMO三频天线的工作频段分别为2.4-2.5GHz、5.1-5.8GHz和5.9-7.1GHz；NR天线的工作频段分别为2.49-2.69GHz，3.3-3.8GHz，4.4-5GHz。
下面分别介绍将上述第一天线单元应用于WIFI MIMO三频天线和NR天线的场景进行介绍。
将上述第一天线单元应用于WIFI MIMO三频天线的场景，如图4a所示，第一天线单元和第二天线单元在水平方向的长度d1均为16mm，天线解耦结构3在水平方向的长度d2为9.8mm，该MIMO天线在水平方向的总长度d为68mm，相比于图2c示出的MIMO天线在水平方向的总长度减小了17mm。请继续参见图4b、图4c、图4d、图4e、图4f、图4g和图4h，图4b为图4a中第一天线单元在2.5GHz频段对应的电流模式示意图，图4c为图4a中第一天线单元在5GHz频段对应的电流模式示意图，图4d为图4a中第一 天线单元在6.2GHz频段对应的电流模式示意图，图4e为图4a中第一天线单元在7.1GHz频段对应的电流模式示意图。图4f为图4a中未采用解耦结构的天线的性能曲线图，图4g为图4a中具有解耦结构的天线的性能曲线图，图4h为图4a的天线以及图4a中未采用解耦结构的天线，两者的隔离度曲线对比图。其中，图4f和图4g中S1,1是指第一天线单元的回波损耗曲线，S2,1是指第二天线单元的回波损耗曲线，S2,2是指第一天线单元与第二天线单元之间的隔离度曲线。
由图4b、图4c、图4d和图4e可知，在不同的工作频段下，本申请实施例提供的第一天线单元可以呈现不同的电流模式。工作频段为2.5GHZ频段时，如图4b所示第一天线单元中呈现左手天线模式；工作频段为5GHz频段时，如图4c所示第一天线单元中呈现第二单极子天线模式；工作频段为6.2GHz频段时，如图4d所示第一天线单元中呈现平衡天线模式；工作频段为7.1GHz频段时，如图4e所示第一天线单元中呈现第一单极子天线模式。
由图4f和图4g中的回波损耗曲线可知，采用本申请提供的第一天线单元，能够使MIMO天线覆盖WIFI MIMO三频天线的工作频段，其工作频段包括2.4-2.5GHz、5.1-5.8GHz和5.9-7.1GHz；由图4h可知，采用本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构3后，图4a中天线，在2.5GHZ频段、5GHz频段、6.2GHz频段和7.1GHz频段的工作频段的隔离度都有所提升，并且都小于-23dB，完全满足隔离度需求。
参见图4i，图4i示出了将上述第一天线单元应用于WIFI MIMO三频天线时，第一天线单元的尺寸。地板枝节12包括第一地板子枝节121、第二地板子枝节122和第三地板子枝节123，第三地板子枝节123的第一端与第二地板子枝节122的第二端垂直连接，馈电枝节11背向天线的地板4方向开设有第三凹槽111，第三地板子枝节123的第二端位于第三凹槽111内、且与第三凹槽111相对间隔设置，以形成耦合电容；第二辐射枝节14包括与水平辐射枝节141和垂直辐射枝节142，水平辐射枝节141的第一端与第二地板子枝节122的第一端连接，水平辐射枝节141的第二端与垂直辐射枝节142的第一端连接，垂直辐射枝节142的第二端朝向天线的地板4方向。第一地板子枝节121与第三地板子枝节123水平方向的最短间距a 1为6mm，第二地板子枝节122的第一侧边与天线的地板4之间的距离a 2为4.5mm，第二地板子枝节122的第二侧边与天线的地板4之间的距离a 3为7.5mm，其中，第二地板子枝节122的第一侧边是指与天线的地板平行且靠近天线的地板一侧的侧边，第二地板子枝节122的第二侧边是指与天线的地板平行且远离天线的地板一侧的侧边；第一辐射枝节13的第一侧边与第一辐射枝节13的第二侧边之间的距离a 4为3mm，第一辐射枝节13的第二端与第一地板子枝节121的第一侧边之间的距离a 5为11.2mm，其中，第一辐射枝节13的第一侧边是指与天线的地板平行且靠近天线的地板一侧的侧边，第一辐射枝节13的第二侧边是指与天线的地板平行且远离天线的地板一侧的侧边，第一地板子枝节121的第一侧边是指与天线的地板垂直且靠近馈电枝节11一侧的侧边；第一辐射枝节13的第二端与水平辐射枝节141的第二端之间的距离a 6为16mm，垂直辐射枝节142的第一侧边与水平辐射枝节141的第一侧边之间的距离a 7为2mm，垂直辐射枝节142的第一侧边与水平辐射枝节141的第二侧边之间的距离a 8为3mm，水平辐射枝节141的第一侧边与天线的地板4之间的距离a 9为6mm，垂直辐射枝节142与第二地板子枝节122水平方向的最短间距a 10为1mm，其中，垂直辐射枝节142的第一侧边是指与天线的地板平行且靠近天线的地板一侧的侧边，水平辐 射枝节141的第一侧边是指与天线的地板平行且靠近天线的地板一侧的侧边，水平辐射枝节141的第二侧边是指与天线的地板平行且远离天线的地板一侧的侧边。第三凹槽111的宽度a 11为4.14mm，第三凹槽111的高度a 12为2.3mm，第三凹槽111的开口宽度a 1 3为2.14mm，其中，第三凹槽的开口在所述第三凹槽111的宽度方向中心位置。
在介绍将上述天线单元应用于NR天线的场景之前，首先介绍另一种天线解耦结构，该天线解耦结构3能够解耦更多的工作频段，进而可以与上述天线单元配合应用于NR天线。
请参见图5a，图5a示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种天线解耦结构3的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构3与上述实施例提供的天线解耦结构3基本相同，不同之处在于，本申请实施例提供天线解耦结构3增加了第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34。
如图5a所示，本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构3，包括LC谐振结构、第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34。本申请实施例的LC谐振结构中电容结构，可以如图5a所示，通过电容耦合枝节31B，以及与电容耦合枝节31B相对间隔设置的回地枝节32耦合形成；也可以如图5b所示，采用集总参数电容器31A，关于本申请实施例中的LC谐振结构可参见上述实施例中对LC谐振结构的描述，此处不再赘述。第一解耦枝节33的第一端与回地枝节32的第二端连接，第二解耦枝节33的第一端与回地枝节32的第二端连接，第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34分设于回地枝节32的两侧，其中，LC谐振结构的参数满足对第一目标解耦频段的解耦要求，第一解耦枝节33的长度满足对第二目标解耦频段的解耦要求，第二解耦枝节34的长度满足对第三目标解耦频段的解耦要求。本申请对第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34的形状及尺寸不进行限定，例如，第一解耦枝节33的长度可以为第二目标解耦频段的中心频率的四分之一波长，第二解耦枝节34的长度可以为第三目标解耦频段的中心频率的四分之一波长。为了减小第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34的占用空间，可以将第一解耦枝节33弯折后的开路端与第二解耦枝节34弯折后的开路端相对设置。
图5a或图5b中的天线解耦结构3，通过LC谐振结构、第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34可以分别解耦一种频段，进而实现对三种工作频段的解耦，其中，LC谐振结构可以用于解耦三个目标解耦频段中最低频段，以得到该天线解耦结构3的最小尺寸。
图5a或图5b中的天线解耦结构3，可以用于解耦具有三个相同的工作频段的WIFI MIMO三频天线，或者5G(5th generation mobile networks，第五代移动通信技术)的NR天线，其中，WIFI MIMO三频天线的工作频段分别2.4-2.5GHz、5.1-5.8GHz和5.9-7.1GHz，NR天线包括的工作频段分别为2.49-2.69GHz，3.3-3.8GHz，4.4-5GHz。
应理解，图5a或图5b所示的天线解耦结构3可以与图3a或图4a中的第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2配合使用，也可以与其他类型天线配合使用，本申请对此不进行限定。
以将上述天线解耦结构和天线单元共同应用于NR天线为例，即第一目标解耦频段为2.5GHz频段，第二目标解耦频段为3.8GHz频段，第三目标解耦频段为5.5GHz频段，如图5a所示，该天线解耦结构3在水平方向的长度d2为15mm，相比于现有T型解耦结构减小了15mm。
参见图5c，图5c为本申请实施例提供的一种MIMO天线的结构示意图，该天线包 括第一天线单元1、第二天线单元2和天线解耦结构3，其中，第一天线单元1采用图4a中示出的第一天线单元1，天线解耦结构3采用图5a或图5b示出的天线解耦结构3，其中，第二天线单元可以与第一天线单元的结构相同。
以将上述天线解耦结构和天线单元共同应用于NR天线为例，图5c所示的MIMO天线中，第一天线单元1和第二天线单元2在水平方向的长度d1均为20.2mm，天线解耦结构3在水平方向的长度d2为15mm，该MIMO天线在水平方向的总长度d为75mm，相比于图1b示出的MIMO天线在水平方向的总长度减小了40mm。
请继续参见图5d、图5e、图5f、图5g、图5h、图5i、图5j、图5k、图5l，以及图5m、图5n和图5o。其中，图5d、图5e和图5f、分别示出了2.5GHz频段、3.8GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电点时，未采用天线解耦结构3的MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图，图5g、图5h和图5i分别示出了2.5GHz频段、3.8GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电点时，图5c所示的MIMO天线上的电流分布示意图，图5j、图5k和图5l分别示出了图5c中的天线解耦结构3对应2.5GHz频段、3.8GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的电流模式示意图，图5m示出了未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线(参见图5d)的性能曲线图，图5n示出了采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线(参见图5g)的性能曲线图，图5m示出了仿真实验中，未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线(参见图5d)，以及采用图5a中天线解耦结构3的MIMO天线(参见图5g)，两者的隔离度曲线对比图。其中，电流分布示意图中，第二天线单元部分的颜色越浅，表示耦合到第二天线单元的电流越多；图5m和图5n中S1,1是指第一天线单元的回波损耗曲线，S2,1是指第二天线单元的回波损耗曲线，S2,2是指第一天线单元与第二天线单元之间的隔离度曲线。
由图5d、图5e和图5f可知，对于未采用天线解耦结构的MIMO天线，在不同的频段的激励条件下，激励第一馈电点时，都有较强的电流耦合到第二天线单元，从而造成第一天线单元与第二天线单元之间的隔离度差。请结合图5g和图5j，对于2.5GHz频段，激励第一馈电点时，电流经天线的地板4主要耦合到天线解耦结构3的LC谐振结构上，减少了流向第二天线单元的电流；请结合图5h和图5k，对于3.8GHz频段，激励第一馈电点时，电流经天线的地板4主要耦合到天线解耦结构3的第一解耦枝节33上，减少了流向第二天线单元的电流；请结合图5i和图5l，对于5.5GHz频段，激励第一馈电点时，电流经天线的地板4主要耦合到天线解耦结构3的第二解耦枝节34上，减少了流向第二天线单元的电流。综上，本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构，通过LC谐振结构、第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34分别解耦一种频段，进而实现对多种工作频段的解耦。结合图5m和图5n可知，图5c示出的天线具有多个工作频段，该多个工作频段能够覆盖5G的NR天线的工作频段2.49-2.69GHz，3.3-3.8GHz，4.4-5GHz。由图5o可知，采用天线解耦结构后的天线在2.5GHz频段、3.8GHz频段和5.5GHz频段的隔离度都有大幅度提升，完全满足隔离度需求。
综上，本申请实施例提供的天线，可以减小天线在水平方向的总长度，实现天线的尺寸小型化，并且能够解耦更多的频段。
参见图5p和图5q，图5p示出了将上述第一天线单元应用于NR天线时，第一天线单元的尺寸；图5q示出了用于解耦NR天线的天线解耦结构的尺寸。
如图5p所示，第一地板子枝节121由第一地板子枝节121的第一端依次向远离天线 的地板4方向延伸b 1(b 1＝5.5mm)、向平行于天线的地板4的方向延伸第一预设距离后，与第二地板子枝节122的第一端连接；第一辐射枝节13的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离b 2为3mm，第一辐射枝节13的第二端距离第三凹槽111的最近距离b 3为3.9mm，第一辐射枝节13的第二端与水平辐射枝节141的第二端之间的距离b 4为20.2mm，垂直辐射枝节142的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离b 5为4.5mm；第三凹槽111的宽度b 6为4.1mm，第三凹槽111的高度b 7为2.8mm。其中，地板枝节12的总长度，以及由第三地板子枝节123与第三凹槽111耦合形成的耦合电容，两者组成的左手天线模式的谐振频率满足第一工作频段2.5GHz频段的频率要求。第一辐射枝节13和第二辐射枝节14可以是宽度均匀的枝节，也可以是如图5p中示出的，在第一辐射枝节13和第二辐射枝节14的开放端均采用较宽的枝节，本申请对此均不进行限定。
如图5q所示，回地枝节32包括呈第一回地子枝节321、第二回地子枝节322和第三回地子枝节324，第一回地子枝节321的第一端与天线的地板4垂直连接，第一回地子枝节321的第二端与第二回地子枝节322的第一端垂直连接，第二回地子枝节322的第二端与第三回地子枝节324的第一端垂直连接，第三回地子枝节324的第二端朝向天线的地板4方向，电容耦合枝节31B包括第三电容耦合子枝节31B3和第四电容耦合子枝节31B4，第三电容耦合子枝节31B3的第一端与天线的地板4垂直连接，第三电容耦合子枝节31B3的第二端与第四电容耦合子枝节31B4垂直连接，第四电容耦合子枝节31B4背向天线的地板4方向开设有第二凹槽31B5，第三回地子枝节324的第二端位于第二凹槽31B5内、且与第二凹槽31B5相对间隔设置，以形成耦合电容。
其中，第一回地子枝节321的第一侧边与第四电容耦合子枝节31B4的最短水平距离c 1为7.3mm，第一回地子枝节321的第二侧边与第四电容耦合子枝节31B4的最短水平距离c 2为8.5mm，其中，第一回地子枝节321的第一侧边是指与天线的地板4垂直且靠近第四电容耦合子枝节31B4一侧的侧边，第一回地子枝节321的第二侧边是指与天线的地板4垂直且远离第四电容耦合子枝节31B4一侧的侧边。天线的地板4与第二回地子枝节322的第一侧边之间的距离c 3为2.8mm，天线的地板4与第二回地子枝节322第二侧边之间的距离c 4为3.8mm，其中，第二回地子枝节322的第一侧边是指与天线的地板4平行且靠近天线的地板4一侧的侧边，第二回地子枝节322的第二侧边是指与天线的地板4平行且远离天线的地板4一侧的侧边。
第一解耦枝节33的尺寸可以为第二目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长，第二解耦枝节34的长度可以为第三目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长。但是，为了节省第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34在水平方向上的占用空间，可以将第一解耦枝节33和第二解耦枝节34进行多次弯折处理。
在一种实现方式中，如图5q所示，第一解耦枝节33的第一端与第二回地子枝节322的第二端连接，形成第一连接点，第一解耦枝节33由第一连接点依次向远离天线的地板4方向延伸c 5(c 5＝1mm)、向与天线的地板4平行且远离第三电容耦合子枝节31B3方向延伸c 6(c 6＝11.5mm)、向远离天线的地板4方向延伸c 7(c 7＝3.7mm)、向与天线的地板4平行且靠近第三电容耦合子枝节31B3方向延伸c 8(c 8＝7mm)；第二解耦枝节34的开路端与第一解耦枝节33的开路端相对设置，第二解耦枝节34由开路端依次向远离第一解耦枝节33方向延伸c 9(c 9＝5mm)、向靠近天线的地板4方向延伸c 10(c 10＝2.5mm)、向靠近第一解耦枝节33方向延伸c 11(c 11＝3.5mm)、向靠近天线的地板4方向 垂直方向延伸与第一连接点连接。
本申请实施例提供的天线解耦结构和MIMO天线可以应用于终端，终端可以是任何具有无线通信功能的个人电脑、平板、手机等，本申请对此不进行限定。例如，图4a所示的MIMO天线可应用于终端笔记本上的WIFI三频天线，又例如，图5c所示的MIMO天线可应用于终端笔记本上的NR天线。
本申请实施例对天线解耦结构、天线的实现工艺不进行限定，例如可以使用印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)印制、柔性印刷电路板(flexible printed circuit，FPC)印制、激光直接成型技术(laser-direct-structuring，LDS)等。图6示出一种制备好的本申请实施例提供的MIMO天线的示意图，图6中的MIMO天线，包括第一天线单元1、第二天线单元2和天线解耦结构3，其中，第一天线单元1、第二天线单元2和天线解耦结构3均贴附在介质基板5上，其中，介质基板5的展开面与天线的地板4垂直设置。
以上的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的技术方案的基础之上，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种天线解耦结构，其特征在于，包括回地枝节和电容结构；
    所述回地枝节的第一端与天线的地板连接，以形成等效电感；
    所述电容结构的第一端与所述天线的地板连接，所述电容结构的第二端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，以使所述等效电感与所述电容结构形成LC谐振结构，其中，所述LC谐振结构对应的参数满足对至少一种目标解耦频段的解耦要求。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，还包括第一解耦枝节和第二解耦枝节；
    所述第一解耦枝节和所述第二解耦枝节分设于所述回地枝节的两侧；
    所述第一解耦枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，所述第一解耦枝节的长度满足对第二目标解耦频段的解耦要求；
    所述第二解耦枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第二端连接，所述第二解耦枝节的长度满足对第三目标解耦频段的解耦要求；
    其中，所述LC谐振结构对应的参数满足对第一目标解耦频段的解耦要求，所述第一目标解耦频段为第一目标解耦频段、第二目标解耦频段和第三目标解耦频段中的最低频段。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，
    所述第一解耦枝节的长度为第二目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长；
    所述第二解耦枝节的长度为第三目标解耦频段的中心频率对应的四分之一波长；
    所述第一解耦枝节弯折后的开路端与所述第二解耦枝节弯折后的开路端相对。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述电容结构采用集总参数电容器。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述电容结构通过电容耦合枝节，以及与所述电容耦合枝节的第一端相对间隔设置的所述回地枝节耦合形成，所述电容耦合枝节的第二端与所述天线的地板连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述回地枝节包括呈L型设置的第一回地子枝节和第二回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节朝向所述天线的地板方向开设有第一凹槽；
    所述电容耦合枝节包括呈T型设置的第一电容耦合子枝节和第二电容耦合子枝节，所述第一电容耦合子枝节的第一端位于所述第一凹槽内、且与所述第一凹槽相对间隔设置，所述第一电容耦合子枝节的第二端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第二电容耦合子枝节的第一端与所述第一电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第二电容耦合子枝节与所述第二回地子枝节的第二端相对间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述回地枝节包括第一回地子枝节、第二回地子枝节和第三回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节的第二端与第三回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向；
    所述电容耦合枝节包括第三电容耦合子枝节和第四电容耦合子枝节，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第二端与所述第四电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第四电容耦合子枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第二凹槽，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端位于所述第二凹槽内、且与所述第二凹槽相对间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述电容耦合枝节的第一端与所述回地枝节的第一端之间形成多条耦合缝隙。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的天线解耦结构，其特征在于，所述第一目标解耦频段为2.49-2.69GHz，所述第二目标解耦频段为3.3-3.8GHz，第三目标解耦频段为4.4-5GHz；所述回地枝节包括第一回地子枝节、第二回地子枝节和第三回地子枝节，所述第一回地子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第一回地子枝节的第二端与所述第二回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第二回地子枝节的第二端与第三回地子枝节的第一端垂直连接，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向，所述电容耦合枝节包括第三电容耦合子枝节和第四电容耦合子枝节，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第一端与天线的地板垂直连接，所述第三电容耦合子枝节的第二端与所述第四电容耦合子枝节垂直连接，所述第四电容耦合子枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第二凹槽，所述第三回地子枝节的第二端位于所述第二凹槽内、且与所述第二凹槽相对间隔设置；
    其中，所述第一回地子枝节的第一侧边与所述第四电容耦合子枝节的最短水平距离为7.3mm，所述第一回地子枝节的第二侧边与所述第四电容耦合子枝节的最短水平距离为8.5mm，所述天线的地板与所述第二回地子枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为2.8mm，所述天线的地板与所述第二回地子枝节第二侧边之间的距离为3.8mm；
    所述第一解耦枝节的第一端与所述第二回地子枝节的第二端连接，形成第一连接点，所述第一解耦枝节由所述第一连接点依次向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸1mm、向与所述天线的地板平行且远离第三电容耦合子枝节方向延伸11.5mm、向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸3.7mm、向与所述天线的地板平行且靠近第三电容耦合子枝节方向延伸7mm；
    所述第二解耦枝节的开路端与所述第一解耦枝节的开路端相对设置，所述第二解耦枝节由开路端依次向远离所述第一解耦枝节方向延伸5mm、向靠近所述天线的地板方向延伸2.5mm、向靠近所述第一解耦枝节方向延伸3.5mm、向靠近所述天线的地板方向垂直方向延与所述第一连接点连接。
  10. 一种MIMO天线，其特征在于，包括：第一天线单元、第二天线单元、以及权利要求1-9任一所述的天线解耦结构，所述天线解耦结构位于所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元之间预设位置，用于提升第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的隔离度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元包括馈电枝节、地板枝节和第一辐射枝节；
    所述地板枝节包括与第一地板子枝节和第二地板子枝节；
    所述第一地板子枝节的第一端与天线的地板连接；
    所述第一地板子枝节的第二端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接；
    所述第二地板子枝节的第二端与所述馈电枝节相对间隔设置，以形成耦合电容；
    所述地板枝节与所述馈电枝节形成左手天线模式，所述左手天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第一工作频段的频率要求；
    所述第二地板子枝节的第二端与第一辐射枝节连接，所述第一辐射枝节与所述馈电枝节形成第一单极子天线模式，所述第一单极子天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第二工作频段的频率要求；
    所述第一工作频段小于所述第二工作频段。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，还包括第二辐射枝节；
    所述第二辐射枝节与所述第一辐射枝节分设于所述地板枝节两侧，所述第二辐射枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接，所述第一辐射枝节、第二地板子枝节、第二辐射枝节、以及所述馈电枝节形成平衡天线模式，所述平衡天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第三工作频段的频率要求；
    所述第二辐射枝节、所述第二地板子枝节、以及所述馈电枝节形成第二单极子天线模式，所述第二单极子天线模式对应的参数满足所述第一天线单元在第四工作频段的频率要求；
    所述第一工作频段小于所述第四工作频段，所述第四工作频段小于所述第三工作频段，所述第三工作频段小于所述第二工作频段。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述地板枝节还包括第三地板子枝节，所述第三地板子枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第二端垂直连接，所述馈电枝节背向所述天线的地板方向开设有第三凹槽，所述第三地板子枝节的第二端位于所述第三凹槽内、且与所述第三凹槽相对间隔设置；
    所述第二辐射枝节包括水平辐射枝节和垂直辐射枝节，所述水平辐射枝节的第一端与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接，所述水平辐射枝节的第二端与所述垂直辐射枝节的第一端连接，所述垂直辐射枝节的第二端朝向所述天线的地板方向。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述MIMO天线作为WIFI MIMO三频天线使用，其中，所述WIFI MIMO三频天线的包括的工作频段分别为2.4-2.5GHz、5.1-5.8GHz和5.9-7.1GHz；
    所述第一地板子枝节与所述第三地板子枝节水平方向的最短间距为6mm，所述第二地板子枝节的第一侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离为4.5mm，所述第二地板子枝节的第二侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离为7.5mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述第一辐射枝节的第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述第一地 板子枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为11.2mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述水平辐射枝节的第二端之间的距离为16mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述水平辐射枝节的第一侧边之间的距离为2mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述水平辐射枝节的第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述水平辐射枝节的第一侧边与所述天线的地板之间的距离6mm；
    所述第三凹槽的宽度为4.14mm，所述三凹槽的高度为2.3mm，所述第三凹槽的开口宽度为2.14mm。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述MIMO天线作为NR天线使用，其中，所述NR天线的包括的工作频段分别为2.49-2.69GHz，3.3-3.8GHz，4.4-5GHz；
    所述第一地板子枝节由所述第一地板子枝节的第一端依次向远离所述天线的地板方向延伸5.5mm、向平行于所述天线的地板的方向延伸第一预设距离后，与所述第二地板子枝节的第一端连接；
    所述第一辐射枝节的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离为3mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端距离所述第三凹槽的最近距离为3.9mm，所述第一辐射枝节的第二端与所述水平辐射枝节的第二端之间的距离为20.2mm，所述垂直辐射枝节的第一侧边与第二侧边之间的距离为4.5mm；
    所述第三凹槽的宽度为4.1mm，所述三凹槽的高度为2.8mm。
  16. 根据权利要求10-15任一所述的MIMO天线，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元的结构与所述第二天线单元的结构相同。
  17. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括权利要求10-16任一所述的MIMO天线。
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