WO2022233149A1 - 一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线 - Google Patents

一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线 Download PDF

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WO2022233149A1
WO2022233149A1 PCT/CN2021/144025 CN2021144025W WO2022233149A1 WO 2022233149 A1 WO2022233149 A1 WO 2022233149A1 CN 2021144025 W CN2021144025 W CN 2021144025W WO 2022233149 A1 WO2022233149 A1 WO 2022233149A1
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Prior art keywords
feeder
antenna
flexible
notch
ground plane
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PCT/CN2021/144025
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郭小辉
桂鹏彬
王思亮
杨良盼
陈志亮
曾玮
杨利霞
许耀华
黄志祥
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安徽大学
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Priority to US17/784,670 priority Critical patent/US11955735B2/en
Publication of WO2022233149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022233149A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the field of wearable antennas, and in particular relates to a four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide.
  • Antennas are devices that transmit and receive electromagnetic waves and play an important role in wireless communication systems. Since the invention of the antenna by Hertz and Marconi, it has been widely used in various fields of human production and life. With the exploration and research of antennas by scientific researchers, various types and characteristics of antennas have been put into different application scenarios. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the wireless body area network centered on the human body has become a research hotspot, and the wireless body area network plays an important role in sports, entertainment and leisure, military, medical and other fields.
  • UWB technology has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of low power consumption, high speed, and strong anti-interference ability.
  • the advantages of UWB technology can well meet the requirements of miniaturization, In order to improve the communication quality, it is of great significance to study and design a wearable ultra-wideband antenna. At the same time, in order to avoid interference with the existing wireless communication system, the antenna should also have a multi-notch function.
  • the wearable antenna needs to be attached to the surface of the wearable device or the human body to meet the needs of wireless communication, so it needs to have the characteristics of flexibility, it is convenient to conform to the human body or the device, and it needs to ensure the safety of radiation to the human body.
  • the earliest wearable antenna is the whip antenna used in the military. Although it can improve the combat capability of individual soldiers, it does not have concealment. With the development of the antenna feeding method and the preparation process, the antenna with miniaturized and low profile characteristics can be easily obtained. Among them, planar printed antennas fed by microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides are favored for their advantages of convenient preparation, light weight, and miniaturization.
  • Adding a band-stop filter in a wireless communication system can realize the antenna notch function, that is, the antenna has a stop-band characteristic in a specific frequency band, thereby avoiding mutual interference with other wireless communication systems, but it undoubtedly makes the system very complicated.
  • the way the planar printed antenna is grooved to achieve the notch function has little effect.
  • the design of ultra-wideband antennas mainly uses FR4 (glass fiber epoxy resin board) and RT5880 microwave dielectric boards as the base materials.
  • Such antennas have poor flexibility and are not wearable.
  • wearable antennas are mostly single-frequency or dual-frequency antennas, and there are few researches on wearable ultra-wideband antennas.
  • Wang Boning realized a flexible monopole antenna by cladding copper on the FPC-1 substrate (Wang Boning. Research and Design of Wearable Miniaturized Time-Domain Ultra-Wideband Antenna [D].
  • Xu Decheng designed a flexible wearable fabric antenna with a fabric as the substrate, filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with graphene and polyaniline to prepare conductive patches and ground planes, but only works at 2.45GHz ( Xu Decheng. Research on the Design and Implementation of Flexible Antennas for Wearable Wireless Communication Systems [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2017.). Prof.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • He Daping's research group used graphene assembly films as conductive materials to lithography on flexible substrates, and obtained a flexible ultra-wideband antenna with superior bending properties, but the preparation process is complicated (Fang R, Song R, Zhao X, et al. .Compact and Low-Profile UWB Antenna Based on Graphene-Assembled Films for Wearable Applications[J].Sensors,2020,20(9):2552.).
  • the mainstream substrate is FR4 substrate; Polyimide, PI), polyethylene terephthalate (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET), PDMS, etc.
  • the conductive material is mostly copper
  • the antenna is prepared by using FPCB technology on the surface of the flexible substrate.
  • the coplanar waveguide Compared with the microstrip line, the coplanar waveguide not only has the characteristics of low profile, miniaturization, and easy integration with microwave systems, but also has better dispersion characteristics and lower loss. At the same time, because the ground plane and the radiation patch are on the same side, its preparation is easier. . Therefore, coplanar waveguide feeding is more suitable for ultra-wideband antenna design and has been widely adopted in recent years. Considering that the antenna is likely to interfere with nearby electromagnetic wave signals during actual operation, the ultra-wideband antenna needs to have a notch function. Designing a notch structure directly on the antenna can greatly reduce the complexity of the wireless communication system. ISM band (2.45GHz), WIMAX band (3.3-3.8GHz), WLAN band (5.3-5.8GHz), X downlink band (7.25-7.75GHz), X uplink band (7.9-8.4GHz) are the hot spots for notch design .
  • the traditional copper foil has good conductivity, its flexibility is not outstanding.
  • the silicone conductive silver glue and the curing agent are evenly stirred in a certain proportion. After curing at room temperature or low temperature, it has good film-forming properties, strong adhesion and good It has the characteristics of flexibility and high conductivity, which provides a new idea for the selection of conductive materials.
  • the preparation of metal nanoparticles into conductive "ink” using printer inkjet printing has become a research hotspot in the field of flexible electronics.
  • the DMP-2831 material inkjet printer launched by Fujifilm Dimatix uses MEMS and silicon
  • the inkjet head made of material can support the printing of various materials (such as silver ink, transparent conductive materials, etc.), providing a new way to print flexible wearable electronic products. Compared with traditional lithography and engraving methods, it is not only The process is simple and environmentally friendly.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide.
  • a four-notch flexible wearable ultra-broadband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide comprising: a flexible base, a ground plane is fully laid on the lower part of the upper surface of the flexible base, and a radiation patch is attached on the upper part of the upper surface of the flexible base; the ground plane;
  • the feeder slot There is a feeder slot in the middle;
  • the feeder includes the main feeder located in the middle and two branch feeders formed by branching to both sides of the main feeder from the branch point located in the upper part of the main feeder;
  • the feeder is attached to the upper surface of the flexible base, and the lower part of the main feeder and the
  • the middle part is usually located in the feeder slot, and a gap is left between the ground planes on both sides of it, and the upper part of the main feeder protrudes out of the feeder slot;
  • the top of the main feeder is connected to the bottom of the radiating patch as a whole, the tops of the two branch feeders are connected to the radiating patch as a whole through the feeder connecting parts located on both sides of the bottom of the radiating patch, and the main feeder is vertical from the branch point to the top.
  • the length is equal to the vertical length of the branch feeder; the top of the ground plane corresponds to the position and shape of the branch feeder with a corresponding notch;
  • the number of resonance slots corresponds to the number of stop-band characteristics that the antenna needs to achieve;
  • the flexible base is made of insulating flexible material, and the feeder, radiation patch and ground plane are made of conductive flexible material .
  • the radiation patch is hexagonal, and a triangular patch opening is provided downward at the top edge position of the hexagon horizontally arranged; the feeder connection portion is correspondingly set as a right triangle.
  • the branch feeder is L-shaped, and the resonant slot is right-angled U-shaped or annular with an opening.
  • the flexible substrate, the feeder and the ground plane are in a symmetrical structure.
  • the flexible substrate is made of PDMS, PET or PI
  • the feeder, radiation patch and ground plane are made of conductive silver glue, conductive silver particles or copper foil.
  • the invention combines flexible electronic technology and ultra-wideband technology and proposes a method using coplanar waveguide feeding and impedance bandwidth coverage.
  • the flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna structure of 3-14GHz has stop-band characteristics in the vicinity of four frequency bands: 3.3-3.6GHz, 5.4-5.8GHz, 7.3-7.7GHz, and 7.9-9.1GHz.
  • the coplanar waveguide-fed four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna of the present application compared with the traditional non-flexible substrate ultra-wideband antenna, uses flexible PDMS, PET or PI as the material of the substrate, and uses conductive silver glue, conductive Silver particles or copper foil are used to prepare radiation patches, feed lines, and ground planes.
  • the antenna is fully flexible as a whole, and has the advantages of light weight, good conformality, high softness, and strong wearability.
  • the flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna of the present application can be processed by a layer-by-layer assembly process, an inkjet printing process or a flexible printed circuit board process.
  • the layer-by-layer assembly process is to use 3D printing technology to prepare the PDMS substrate, use conductive silver glue to prepare the radiation patch, feeder, and ground plane, and then assemble the antenna structure;
  • the inkjet printing process uses the inkjet printing process to directly print the antenna pattern on the PET substrate ;
  • the FPCB process is to print the copper antenna structure on the PI film. All three methods have the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and industrialization.
  • the present application utilizes a compact structure to achieve an ultra-wideband impedance bandwidth with good directivity within the bandwidth, and uses a slotted method to generate four-band notches, and the SAR value meets the safety requirements when transmitting UWB signals. It has the characteristics of miniaturization and low profile, and can meet the wireless communication requirements of body area network.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by the coplanar waveguide of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 (a) is the antenna size parameter diagram of the application with PDMS as the matrix and conductive silver glue as the conductive medium
  • Fig. 2 (b) is the antenna size parameter diagram of the application with PET as the matrix and conductive silver particles as the conductive medium
  • Fig. 2 (c) is the size parameter diagram of the antenna of the present application with PI as the base and copper foil as the conductive medium;
  • Fig. 3 (a) is the S11 curve of the antenna with PDMS as the matrix and conductive silver glue as the conductive medium of the present application when it is not slotted and slotted;
  • Fig. 3 (b) is the application with PET as the matrix The S11 curve of the antenna of the conductive medium when it is not slotted and when it is slotted;
  • Figure 3(c) is the S11 curve of the antenna of the present application with PI as the base and copper foil as the conductive medium when it is not slotted and slotted;
  • Fig. 4(a), Fig. 5(a), Fig. 6(a) are the E-plane and H-plane patterns at 4GHz, 7GHz and 10GHz of the antenna of the present application using PDMS as the matrix and conductive silver glue as the conductive medium respectively;
  • Fig. 4(b), Fig. 5(b), Fig. 6(b) are the E-plane and H-plane patterns at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz of the antenna with PET as the matrix and conductive silver particles as the conductive medium, respectively;
  • Fig. 4(c), Fig. 5(c), Fig. 6(c) are the directional diagrams of the E-plane and the H-plane at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz of the antenna of the present application with PI as the base and copper foil as the conductive medium, respectively;
  • FIG. 7 is an antenna efficiency curve of three embodiments of a four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the bending model of the four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by the coplanar waveguide along the X-axis and along the Y-axis of the present application, and similar models are used in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3;
  • Fig. 9 is the S11 curve of the antenna of the present application using PDMS as the base and conductive silver glue as the conductive medium when it is bent along the X axis, bent along the Y axis and not bent;
  • Fig. 10 is a three-layer human tissue model established in HFSS for simulating antenna SAR value, and embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 all adopt this model to simulate SAR value;
  • Figure 11 is the S11 curve of the antenna of the present application using PET as the matrix and conductive silver particles as the conductive medium when it is bent along the X axis, bent along the Y axis and not bent;
  • Figure 12 is the S11 curve of the antenna of the present application with PI as the base and copper foil as the conductive medium when it is bent along the X axis, bent along the Y axis and not bent;
  • the upper surface of the flexible substrate 1 is provided with a feeder 2 , a radiation patch 3 and a ground plane 4 .
  • the feeder 2, the radiation patch 3 and the ground plane 4 are made of conductive silver glue, and the flexible substrate 1 is made of PDMS.
  • the impedance bandwidth meets at least 3.1-10.6GHz, that is, S11 ⁇ -10dB in the frequency band or VSWR ⁇ 2 and the antenna is in the WIMAX band, WLAN band, X downlink band, ITU band ( 7.9-8.7GHz) with stop-band characteristics, this embodiment takes the S11 curve as the standard; the antenna has a certain flexibility, and can work under a certain degree of bending; when the antenna transmits UWB signals, the SAR value can meet the safety radiation standard.
  • the following antenna structures are proposed:
  • a four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide includes:
  • the feeder 2 includes a main feeder in the middle 22 and two branch feeders 23 formed by branching to both sides of the main feeder 22 at the branch point 21 located on the upper part of the main feeder 22;
  • the upper part of the main feeder 22 extends out of the feeder slot 42;
  • the top of the main feeder 22 is connected to the bottom of the radiating patch 3 as a whole, and the two branch feeders
  • the top of the 23 is connected to the radiating patch 3 as a whole through the feeder connecting parts 31 provided on both sides of the bottom of the radiating patch 3, and the vertical length of the main feeder 22 from the branch point 21 to the top is equal to the vertical length of the branch feeder 23;
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna will be distorted because the size of the radiation patch 3 is too large, so the radiation patch 3 needs to be set to a smaller size, and the function of the feeder connection part 31 is at the bottom of the radiation patch 3
  • the width of the radiating patch 3 is insufficient, the width of the bottom of the radiation patch 3 is widened to ensure that the vertical length of the main feeder 22 from the branch point 21 to the top is equal to the vertical length of the branch feeder 23.
  • the antenna laying direction is not affected, Increase the vertical current to reduce the antenna return loss at high frequencies.
  • Notches 41 are correspondingly provided on the top of the ground plane 4 corresponding to the position and shape of the branch feeder 23 to improve the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna.
  • the feeder 2 and the radiating patch 3 are provided with resonant slots 5, and the number of the resonant slots 5 corresponds to the number of stop-band characteristics that the antenna needs to achieve; There is an insulating material such as air between them, and the other is that the two ends of the resonance slot 5 are connected with a conductive material.
  • the total length of the latter resonance slot 5 should be set to be twice that of the former resonance slot 5; in addition, When there are multiple resonant slots 5 , it should be noted that sufficient spacing is reserved between the resonant slots 5 to ensure that strong coupling does not occur between the resonant slots 5 .
  • the radiation patch 3 is hexagonal, and a triangular patch opening 32 is opened downward at the top edge of the hexagon horizontally arranged.
  • the feeder connection portion 31 is correspondingly arranged in a right-angled triangle.
  • the branch feeder 23 is L-shaped, and the resonant slot 5 is a right-angled U-shaped or a ring with an opening. Setting the resonant slot 5 in a U shape or a ring shape with an opening can make the overall structure of the antenna more compact while ensuring that the total length of the resonant slot 5 meets the design requirements.
  • the flexible base 1 , the feeder 2 and the ground plane 4 are in a symmetrical structure, so that the antenna can maintain the most stable working performance under the working condition of a bent state.
  • the flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna of this embodiment is modeled and simulated with the help of the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS.
  • the wave port setting of the coplanar band excitation in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 , and the wave port feeding surface 6 has a planar structure. , connected to feeder 2 and ground plane 4.
  • the frequency sweep analysis is performed on the antenna size parameters.
  • the optimized antenna size is shown in Figure 2(a). Show:
  • a Cartesian coordinate system is established with the vertical direction as the Y direction, so that the flexible substrate 1 is located in the XOY plane, and the z direction is perpendicular to the upper surface of the flexible substrate 1, then:
  • the Y-direction length of the flexible substrate 1 is 28mm, the X-direction length is 26mm, and the Z-direction thickness is 0.5mm;
  • the Y-direction length of the main feeder 22 is 12mm, the X-direction length is 3mm, the Y-direction length of the branch point 21 from the top of the main feeder is 1.1mm, the branch feeder 23 is L-shaped, and the Y-direction length of the branch feeder 23 is 1.1mm, X The length of the direction is 3mm, and the width of the branch feeder 23 is 0.5mm;
  • the radiation patch 3 is in the shape of a regular hexagon, the side length is 8mm, the patch opening 32 is an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of the patch is coincident with the top side of the regular hexagon, the height is along the Y direction, and the length is 4mm; the feeder connection part 31 is at a right angle
  • the triangle has two right-angled sides arranged along the Y and X directions respectively, and the lengths are 3.46mm and 2mm respectively.
  • the bottoms of the two feeder connection parts 31 are flush with the bottom sides of the regular
  • the sides are respectively set to fit the two sides of the lower part of the regular hexagon;
  • the Y-direction length of the ground plane 4 on the feeder 2 side is 9.8 mm, the X-direction length is 11.2 mm, the X-direction length of the gap between the main feeder 22 and the ground plane 4 is 0.3 mm, and the Y-direction length of the notch 41 is 0.5mm, X-direction length is 2.8mm;
  • a total of four resonance slots 5 are set up in this embodiment, so the antenna of this embodiment can correspondingly implement four stop-band characteristics.
  • the specific setting methods of the four resonance slots 5 are as follows:
  • the first resonant slot 5 is arranged on the main feeder 22 and is in a right-angled U-shape with an opening at the top, its Y-direction length is 6.2mm, its X-direction length is 2mm, and the slot width is 0.3mm;
  • the second and third resonant slots 5 are located in the middle of the radiation patch 3, and are in the form of two concentric rings with openings, and the openings of the two rings are on the same side; among them, the outer diameter of the larger resonant slot 5 It is 3.8mm, the inner diameter is 3.3mm, and the opening length is 1.2mm, and the outer diameter of the smaller resonance slot 5 is 2.7mm, the inner diameter is 2.4mm, and the opening length is 0.8mm;
  • the fourth resonant slot 5 is located on the top of the radiation patch 3, in a right-angled U shape, the opening is located at the top, and either of the top ends of the two sides is connected to the air, and the other is not connected to the air; the fourth resonant slot 5 is connected to the air.
  • the Y-direction length of one side is 5.5 mm
  • the Y-direction length of the side that does not communicate with air is 4.9 mm
  • the X-direction length is 8 mm
  • the groove width is 0.3 mm.
  • the optimized model is simulated, including slotted and unslotted cases, and its S11 curve is obtained as shown in Figure 3(a). It can be seen from the figure that the S11 parameters of the unslotted ultra-wideband antenna are less than -10dB at 3-14.3GHz, the absolute impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the ultra-wideband frequency band, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 131%; the slotted antenna is at 3.4- 3.8GHz, 5.4-5.8GHz, 7.3-7.7GHz, 7.9-9.1GHz have stop-band characteristics and realize the four-notch function.
  • the stop-band resonance points are marked with M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively.
  • FIG. 6(a) are the gain patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane at 4 GHz, 7 GHz, and 10 GHz in this embodiment, respectively.
  • the H-plane can maintain good omnidirectional radiation in the ultra-wideband frequency band, so it can be practically applied.
  • FIG. 7 is an antenna efficiency curve of three embodiments of the present application. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna efficiency of this embodiment is basically above 70%, and the performance is good.
  • the bending models along the X-axis and the Y-axis are established in HFSS respectively.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 8, and the bending radius is set to 20mm.
  • Fig. 9 is the S11 curve of this embodiment when it is bent along the X axis, along the Y axis and not bent. It can be seen from the figure that the notch frequency point shifts by about 100MHz when the antenna is bent, but the notch does not affect the notch. function, the antenna can continue to work, indicating that the antenna has good conformality.
  • a three-layer human tissue model as shown in Figure 10 is established in HFSS, including skin model 7, fat model 8 and muscle model 9 that are fitted in sequence from top to bottom.
  • Model 7, fat model 8 and muscle model 9 are all 32mm in Y-direction length, 36mm in X-direction length, 1mm, 3mm and 15mm in Z-direction thickness, respectively, and h is the distance between the antenna and the model. Since UWB signals are usually at the microwatt level, considering the power surplus, the input power is set to 1mW, and simulations are performed at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz, respectively.
  • Table 1 shows the electromagnetic parameters of human tissue at the three frequencies
  • Table 2 shows the simulation results of the maximum average SAR value of the 1g human tissue model. From Table 2, it can be seen that the antenna working in the UWB communication mode can meet the industry-defined 1g tissue model less than 1.6W/kg radiation safety standard.
  • This embodiment utilizes the layer-by-layer assembly process to prepare the antenna, and the process is as follows:
  • the flexible substrate 1 , the feeder 2 , the radiation patch 3 and the ground plane 4 are prepared respectively.
  • a magnetic stirrer FDWTC-D type, Shanghai Fudan Tianxin Science and Education Instrument Co., Ltd.
  • the silicone conductive silver glue (YC-02 type, Nanjing Helite Adhesive Co., Ltd.) and the curing agent are uniformly stirred and injected into the overall mold of the feeder and the radiation patch and the mold of the ground plane at a ratio of 10:1, at room temperature or low temperature. After curing, the feeder 2, the radiation patch 3 and the ground plane 4 are obtained.
  • the layer-by-layer assembly process was used to bond the feeder, radiation patch, and ground plane to the PDMS substrate by using epoxy-type conductive silver adhesive (YC-01 type, Nanjing Helite Adhesive Co., Ltd.), and finally the SMA ( Sub-Miniature-A) connector is bonded to the bottom end of the antenna (the signal end is bonded to the feeder, and the ground end is bonded to the ground plane).
  • the antenna sample of Example 1 is obtained.
  • this embodiment provides a second implementation manner.
  • the antenna structure and Embodiment 1 only have the adjustment of the antenna size parameter, and the structure can refer to FIG. 1 .
  • the radiation patch 3 , the feeder 2 and the ground plane 4 are made of conductive silver particles, and the flexible substrate 1 is made of PET.
  • the requirements for the performance parameters of the antenna in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS is also used to model and simulate it.
  • the wave port setting of the coplanar band excitation in this embodiment is similar to that in FIG. It is related to the thickness of the antenna base, the width of the slot between the feeder and the ground plane, the width of the feeder, etc. The parameters are appropriately adjusted according to the HFSS wave port settings.
  • the frequency sweep analysis is performed on the antenna size parameters.
  • the optimized antenna size is shown in Figure 2(b). Show:
  • the Y-direction length of the flexible substrate 1 is 28mm, the X-direction length is 26mm, and the Z-direction thickness is 0.3mm;
  • the Y-direction length of the main feeder 22 is 12mm, the X-direction length is 3mm, the Y-direction length of the branch point 21 from the top of the main feeder is 1.1mm, the branch feeder 23 is L-shaped, and the Y-direction length of the branch feeder 23 is 1.1mm, X The length of the direction is 3mm, and the width of the branch feeder 23 is 0.5mm;
  • the radiation patch 3 is in the shape of a regular hexagon, the side length is 8mm, the patch opening 32 is an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of the patch is coincident with the top side of the regular hexagon, the height is along the Y direction, and the length is 4mm; the feeder connection part 31 is at a right angle
  • the triangle has two right-angled sides arranged along the Y and X directions respectively, and the lengths are 3.46mm and 2mm respectively.
  • the bottoms of the two feeder connection parts 31 are flush with the bottom sides of the regular
  • the sides are respectively set to fit the two sides of the lower part of the regular hexagon;
  • the Y-direction length of the ground plane 4 on the feeder 2 side is 9.8 mm, the X-direction length is 11.2 mm, the X-direction length of the gap between the main feeder 22 and the ground plane 4 is 0.3 mm, and the Y-direction length of the notch 41 is 0.5mm, X-direction length is 2.8mm;
  • a total of four resonance slots 5 are set up in this embodiment, so the antenna of this embodiment can correspondingly implement four stop-band characteristics.
  • the specific setting methods of the four resonance slots 5 are as follows:
  • the first resonant slot 5 is arranged on the main feeder 22 and is in a right-angled U shape with an opening at the top, its Y-direction length is 5.7mm, its X-direction length is 2mm, and the slot width is 0.3mm;
  • the second and third resonant slots 5 are located in the middle of the radiation patch 3, and are in the form of two concentric rings with openings, and the openings of the two rings are on the same side; among them, the outer diameter of the larger resonant slot 5 is 3.5mm, the inner diameter is 3mm, and the opening length is 1.1mm, and the outer diameter of the smaller resonance slot 5 is 2.5mm, the inner diameter is 2.2mm, and the opening length is 0.8mm;
  • the fourth resonant slot 5 is located on the top of the radiation patch 3, in a right-angled U shape, the opening is located at the top, and either of the top ends of the two sides is connected to the air, and the other is not connected to the air; the fourth resonant slot 5 is connected to the air.
  • the Y-direction length of one side is 5 mm
  • the Y-direction length of the side that does not communicate with air is 4.4 mm
  • the X-direction length is 8 mm
  • the groove width is 0.3 mm.
  • the optimized model is simulated, including the grooved and ungrooved cases, and its S11 curve is obtained as shown in Figure 3(b). It can be seen from the figure that the S11 parameters of the unslotted ultra-wideband antenna are all less than -10dB at 3-13.8GHZ, the absolute impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the ultra-wideband frequency band, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 129%; the slotted antenna is at 3.4 -3.7GHz, 5.45-5.75GHz, 7.3-7.7GHz, 8-9GHz have stop-band characteristics and realize the four-notch function.
  • the stop-band resonance points are marked with M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively.
  • Figure 4(b), Figure 5(b), and Figure 6(b) are the gain patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz of this embodiment, respectively.
  • the H-plane can maintain good omnidirectional radiation in the ultra-wideband frequency band, so it can be practically applied.
  • the efficiency of the antenna in this embodiment is basically above 70%, and the performance is good.
  • the bending models along the X-axis and the Y-axis are established in HFSS, which are similar to those in Example 1.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 8, and the bending radius is set to 20mm.
  • Figure 11 is the S 11 curve of this embodiment when the antenna is bent along the X axis, along the Y axis and not bent. It can be seen from the figure that the notch frequency point shifts by 100MHz-200MHz when the antenna is bent, but it does not affect the Notch function, the antenna can continue to work, indicating that the antenna has good conformality.
  • Example 2 In order to verify that the antenna radiation meets the requirements during UWB communication, similar to Example 1, a three-layer human tissue model as shown in Figure 10 is established in HFSS, h is the distance between the antenna and the model, the input power is set to 1mW, and the electromagnetic parameters are set Refer to Table 1.
  • Table 3 shows the simulation results of the maximum average SAR value of the 1g human tissue model at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz, respectively. From Table 3, it can be seen that the antenna working in the UWB communication mode can fully meet the radiation of 1g tissue less than 1.6W/kg formulated by the industry. safety standard.
  • the present embodiment adopts the inkjet printing process to prepare the antenna, and the process is as follows:
  • the PET is cut according to the simulated size, and the surface of the cut PET is cleaned with ultrasonic waves to remove impurities on the surface.
  • surface plasma treatment is performed to improve the roughness of the surface of the PET substrate, so that the conductive silver ink sprayed later can be firmly attached to the surface of the substrate.
  • the radiation patch and ground plane pattern are directly printed on the surface of the PET substrate by the inkjet printing process.
  • DGP40LT-15C product its silver content is 30 ⁇ 35%. Since the effect of pattern formation will be affected by the number of printing layers, the spacing of printing dots, and the sintering temperature, according to experience, set the nozzle step spacing to 15 ⁇ m to obtain a good conductive effect, and the number of printing layers to be 2 to 3 layers to obtain a thickness of about 300 ⁇ m. conductive medium.
  • the PET flexible substrate was placed horizontally in a 150°C incubator for 10 minutes to sinter and solidify the silver nanoparticles.
  • the SMA interface is bonded with YC-01 epoxy conductive silver glue, and the bonding method is the same as that in Example 1.
  • this example provides a third implementation.
  • the antenna structure is only adjusted in size from Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and the structure can be referred to FIG. 1 .
  • the radiation patch 3, the feeder 2 and the ground plane 4 are made of copper foil, and the flexible substrate 1 is made of PI.
  • the requirements for the performance parameters of the antenna in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. Also, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS is used to model and simulate it, and the wave port size is also appropriately adjusted according to the HFSS wave port settings.
  • the frequency sweep analysis is performed on the antenna size parameters.
  • the optimized antenna size is shown in Figure 2(c). Show:
  • the Y-direction length of the flexible substrate 1 is 28mm, the X-direction length is 26mm, and the Z-direction thickness is 0.05mm;
  • the Y-direction length of the main feeder 22 is 12mm, the X-direction length is 3mm, the Y-direction length of the branch point 21 from the top of the main feeder is 1.1mm, the branch feeder 23 is L-shaped, and the Y-direction length of the branch feeder 23 is 1.1mm, Y The length of the direction is 3mm, and the width of the branch feeder 23 is 0.5mm;
  • the radiation patch 3 is in the shape of a regular hexagon, the side length is 8.5mm, the patch opening 32 is in the shape of an isosceles triangle, the bottom side of which coincides with the top side of the regular hexagon, the height is along the Y direction, and the length is 5mm; A right-angled triangle, its two right-angled sides are arranged along the Y and X directions respectively, and the lengths are 3.03mm and 2mm respectively.
  • the bottoms of the two feeder connection parts 31 are flush with the bottom sides of the regular hexagon.
  • the hypotenuse is set to fit the two sides of the lower part of the regular hexagon respectively;
  • the Y-direction length of the ground plane 4 on the feeder 2 side is 9.8mm, the X-direction length is 11.3mm, the X-direction length of the gap between the main feeder 22 and the ground plane 4 is 0.2mm, and the Y-direction length of the notch 41 is 0.5mm, X-direction length is 2.8mm;
  • a total of four resonance slots 5 are set up in this embodiment, so the antenna of this embodiment can correspondingly implement four stop-band characteristics.
  • the specific setting methods of the four resonance slots 5 are as follows:
  • the first resonant slot 5 is arranged on the main feeder 22 and is in a right-angled U-shape with the opening at the top, its Y-direction length is 7.1mm, the X-direction length is 2mm, and the slot width is 0.3mm;
  • the second and third resonant slots 5 are located in the middle of the radiation patch 3, and are in the form of two concentric rings with openings, and the openings of the two rings are on the same side; among them, the outer diameter of the larger resonant slot 5 It is 4.1mm, the inner diameter is 3.6mm, and the opening length is 0.7mm, and the outer diameter of the smaller resonance slot 5 is 3.2mm, the inner diameter is 2.7mm, and the opening length is 0.9mm;
  • the fourth resonant slot 5 is located on the top of the radiation patch 3, in a right-angled U shape, the opening is located at the top, and either of the top ends of the two sides is connected to the air, and the other is not connected to the air; the fourth resonant slot 5 is connected to the air.
  • the Y-direction length of one side is 5.6 mm, the Y-direction length of the side that does not communicate with air is 5 mm, the X-direction length is 8.5 mm, and the groove width is 0.3 mm.
  • the optimized model is simulated, including slotted and unslotted situations, and its S11 curve is obtained as shown in Figure 3(c). It can be seen from the figure that the S11 parameters of the unslotted ultra-wideband antenna are less than -10dB at 2.9-14.6GHz, the absolute impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the ultra-wideband frequency band, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 134%; the slotted antenna is at 3.4- 3.7GHz, 5.45-5.75GHz, 7.3-7.7GHz, 8-9.3GHz have stop-band characteristics and realize four-notch function.
  • the stop-band resonance points are marked with M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively.
  • Figure 4(c), Figure 5(c), and Figure 6(c) are the gain patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane at 4 GHz, 7 GHz, and 10 GHz in this embodiment, respectively. It can be seen from the figures that this embodiment is in the The H-plane can maintain good omnidirectional radiation in the ultra-wideband frequency band, so it can be practically applied. As shown in FIG. 7 , the efficiency of the antenna in this embodiment is basically above 80%, and the performance is good.
  • the bending models along the X-axis and Y-axis are established in HFSS, which are similar to those in Example 1.
  • the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 8.
  • the X-axis bending radius is set to 80mm
  • the Y-axis bending radius is set to 80mm.
  • Figure 12 is the S11 curve of this embodiment when the antenna is bent along the X axis, along the Y axis and not bent. It can be seen from the figure that the notch frequency point shifts by 200 MHz when the antenna is bent along the Y axis, which does not affect the notch.
  • Function When bending along the X-axis, the notch frequency point has shifted significantly when the bending radius is 80mm, and the notch function cannot be realized, so the performance of this embodiment will be affected when the X-axis is bent.
  • a three-layer human tissue model as shown in Figure 10 is established in HFSS, where h is the distance between the antenna and the model, the input power is set to 1mW, and the electromagnetic parameters are set Refer to Table 1.
  • Table 4 shows the simulation results of the maximum average SAR value of the 1g human tissue model at 4GHz, 7GHz, and 10GHz, respectively. From Table 4, it can be seen that the antenna working in the UWB communication mode can fully meet the radiation of 1g tissue less than 1.6W/kg formulated by the industry. safety standard.
  • the present embodiment provides the following preparation process:
  • the present application adopts the coplanar waveguide feeding method, it can be prepared by using the common single-panel process flow of FPCB.
  • the purpose is to increase the roughness of the PI film surface, so that the subsequent Copper plating can firmly adhere to the substrate surface.
  • the SMA connector is welded to the bottom end of the antenna (the signal end is welded to the feeder, and the ground end is welded to the ground plane).
  • Example 1 Example 2, and Example 3 above, the three embodiments provided in this application can all meet the design requirements of the antenna.
  • Silver particles and copper foil printed on the surface of the PI substrate make the antenna obtained in this application have the advantages of full flexibility, strong conformality, and strong wearability.
  • the SAR value meets the radiation standard during communication. As a result, the wearability of the ultra-wideband antenna is realized, which meets the requirements of engineering applications.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，包括柔性基体，在柔性基体上设置有接地平面、辐射贴片和馈线，馈线和辐射贴片上设有谐振槽，柔性基体由绝缘柔性材料制成，馈线、辐射贴片和接地平面由导电柔性材料制成。本申请共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线可采用层层组装技术、喷涂打印或印刷电路板工艺制备，具备小型化低剖面、结构紧凑、制作方便、共形性好、可穿戴性强等优点。

Description

一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线
本申请要求于2021年5月6日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202110491726.X、申请名称为一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于可穿戴天线领域，具体涉及一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线。
背景技术
天线是发送和接收电磁波的设备，在无线通信系统中占据重要地位。自从赫兹和马可尼发明天线以来，其在人类生产生活中各个领域得到了广泛的应用。随着科研工作者对天线探索与研究，各种不同类型和特点的天线被投入不同的应用场景中。随着无线通信技术的迅速发展，以人体为中心的无线体域网成为了研究热点，无线体域网在运动、娱乐休闲、军事、医疗等领域发挥着重要作用。
在现有的短距离无线通信技术中，超宽带技术凭借其低功耗、高速率、抗干扰能力强等优点引发广泛关注，超宽带技术的优势能够很好的满足无线体域网小型化、高效率的要求，为了提高通信质量，研究设计一种可穿戴超宽带天线具有重要意义，同时为避免与现有无线通信系统的干扰，天线还应具备多陷波功能。
可穿戴天线需要附着在可穿戴设备或人体表面以满足无线通信的需求，因此需要具备柔性特点，方便与人体或设备共形且需要保证辐射对人体的安全性。最早的可穿戴天线是应用于军事的鞭状天线，虽然能够提高单兵作战能力，但不具备隐蔽性。随着天线馈电方式和制备工艺的发展，能够方便得制得具备小型化低剖面特性的天线。其中以微带线馈电和共面波导馈电的平面印刷天线因制备方便、轻量化、小型化等优势受到青睐。在无线通信系统中增加带阻滤波器能够实现天线陷波功能，即天线在特定频段具备阻带特性，从而避免了与其他无线通信系统之间相互干扰，但无疑使得系统非常复杂，而通过在平面印刷天线刻槽的方式实现陷波功能的方式则影响甚微。
目前国内对于可穿戴超宽带天线的研究主要问题在于，对于超宽带天线的设计主要采用FR4(玻璃纤维环氧树脂板)和RT5880微波介质板为基材，这类天线柔性差，不具备可穿戴性；可穿戴天线大多为单频或双频天线，对可穿戴超宽带天线的研究较少。王博宁通过在FPC-1基板上覆铜实现了一种柔性单极子天线(王博宁.可穿戴小型化时域超宽带天线研究与设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2020.)，其在超宽带频带内性能良好且实现了双陷波功能，但未验证比吸收率(Specific Absorption Rate,SAR)是否满足要求。许德成以织物为基体，用石墨烯与聚苯胺填充聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)制备导电贴片和接地平面，设计了一款柔性可穿戴织物天线，但只工作在2.45GHz(许德成.面向穿戴式无线通信系统的柔性天线设计及实现方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.)。何大平教授课题组利用石墨烯组装薄膜作为导电材料在柔性基体上光刻，获 得了一种弯曲性能优越的柔性超宽带天线，但制备工艺比较复杂(Fang R,Song R,Zhao X,et al.Compact and Low-Profile UWB Antenna Based on Graphene-Assembled Films for Wearable Applications[J].Sensors,2020,20(9):2552.)。
目前国外对可穿戴超宽带天线的研究偏向于实现天线超宽带特性和陷波特性，主流基体采用的是FR4基板；柔性超宽带天线基体采用聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide,PI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate,PET)、PDMS等，导电材质多采用铜，通过在柔性基体表面采用FPCB技术制备天线。Lakrit S等设计了一种在聚四氟乙烯上印刷铜的三陷波柔性超宽带天线，但天线辐射全向性较差(Lakrit S,Das S,Ghosh S,et al.Compact UWB flexible elliptical CPW-fed antenna with triple notch bands for wireless communications[J].International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering,2020,30(7):22201.)。Veeraselvam A等以罗杰斯公司RO4003C柔性介质基板为基体，用光刻辐射贴片的方法制备了一种共面波导馈电柔性单极子天线，验证了其可穿戴性，但天线不具备陷波功能且加载金属反射板使得天线剖面较高(Veeraselvam A,Mohammed G N A,Savarimuthu K,et al.Polarization diversity enabled flexible directional UWB monopole antenna for WBAN communications[J].International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering,2020,30(9):22311.)。Hasan M R等利用DMP-2831材质喷墨打印机在PET基板上喷涂导电银颗粒的方法制备了一种柔性超宽带天线，但并未设计陷波结构且天线的可穿戴性未加以验证(Hasan M R,Riheen M A,Sekhar P,et  al.Compact CPW Fed Circular Patch Flexible Antenna for Super Wideband Applications[J].IET Microwaves,Antennas & Propagation,2020,14(10):1069-1073.)。
共面波导相对于微带线不仅具备低剖面、小型化、易于和微波系统集成的特点，且色散特性更好、损耗更小，同时由于接地平面和辐射贴片在同一侧，其制备更简便。因此，共面波导馈电更加适用于超宽带天线设计中，近年来被广泛采用。考虑到天线实际工作时很有可能与附近电磁波信号产生相互干扰，超宽带天线需要具备陷波功能，直接在天线上设计陷波结构能够极大减少无线通信系统的复杂度。ISM频段(2.45GHz)、WIMAX波段(3.3-3.8GHz)、WLAN波段(5.3-5.8GHz)、X下行波段(7.25-7.75GHz)、X上行波段(7.9-8.4GHz)是陷波设计的热点。
传统的铜箔虽然具备良好的导电性，但其柔性并不突出，有机硅导电银胶与固化剂按一定比例均匀搅拌，在室温或低温固化后具备成膜性好、粘接性强、良好的柔性和高导电性等特点，这为导电材质的选择提供了一种新的思路。随着金属纳米颗粒制备技术的逐渐成熟，将金属纳米颗粒制备成导电“墨水”利用打印机喷墨打印成为柔性电子领域的研究热点，Fujifilm Dimatix公司推出的DMP-2831材料喷印机采用MEMS及硅材质制作喷墨头，可支持多种材料喷印(如银墨水、透明导电性材料等)，为打印柔性可穿戴电子产品提供新的途径，其相较于传统的光刻和雕刻法等不仅工艺简单且环保性好。
申请内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线。
为实现上述目的，本申请提供如下技术方案：
一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，包括：柔性基体，柔性基体的上表面下部满铺贴设接地平面，柔性基体的上表面上部贴设辐射贴片；接地平面中部开设馈线槽；馈线包括位于中部的主馈线以及由位于主馈线上部的分支点处向主馈线两侧分支形成的两个分支馈线；馈线贴设于柔性基体的上表面，主馈线的下部及中部通常位于馈线槽内，并与其两侧的接地平面之间留设间隙，主馈线的上部伸出至馈线槽外；
主馈线的顶端与辐射贴片底部连接为整体，两个分支馈线的顶端通过设于辐射贴片底部两侧的馈线连接部与辐射贴片连接为整体，主馈线由分支点至顶端的竖向长度与分支馈线的竖向长度相等；接地平面顶部对应分支馈线的位置和形态相应开设槽口；
馈线和辐射贴片上设有谐振槽，谐振槽的数量对应天线需要实现的阻带特性的数量设置；柔性基体由绝缘柔性材料制成，馈线、辐射贴片和接地平面由导电柔性材料制成。
其中，辐射贴片呈六边形，并于六边形水平设置的顶边位置朝下开设三角形的贴片开口；馈线连接部相应设置为直角三角形。
其中，分支馈线呈L型，谐振槽呈直角U型或带有开口的环形。
其中，柔性基体、馈线和接地平面呈对称结构。
其中，柔性基体由PDMS、PET或PI制成，馈线、辐射贴片和接地平 面由导电银胶、导电银颗粒或铜箔制成。
本发明针对现有超宽带天线柔性低、可穿戴性差以及可穿戴天线工作在窄带、制备工艺复杂等问题，结合柔性电子技术和超宽带技术提出了一种利用共面波导馈电、阻抗带宽覆盖3-14GHz的柔性可穿戴超宽带天线结构，其在3.3-3.6GHz、5.4-5.8GHz、7.3-7.7GHz、7.9-9.1GHz四个波段附近具有阻带特性。
本申请的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，与传统非柔性基材超宽带天线相比，通过采用柔性PDMS、PET或PI作为基体的材质，采用导电银胶、导电银颗粒或铜箔制备辐射贴片、馈线、接地平面，天线整体为全柔性，具有轻量化、共形性好、柔软度高、可穿戴性强等优点。
本申请的柔性可穿戴超宽带天线可通过层层组装工艺、喷墨打印工艺或柔性印刷电路板工艺进行加工。层层组装工艺是利用3D打印技术制备PDMS基体，采用导电银胶制备辐射贴片、馈线、接地平面，再组装天线结构；喷墨打印工艺是利用喷墨打印工艺直接在PET基体上打印天线图案；FPCB工艺是在PI薄膜上印刷铜制天线结构。三种方式皆具有制备流程简单、成本低、可实现产业化的优势。
与可穿戴的窄带天线相比，本申请利用紧凑的结构实现了超宽带阻抗带宽且带宽内方向性良好，利用开槽的方式产生了四个波段的陷波，发射UWB信号时SAR值满足安全标准，具有小型化、低剖面特点，能够满足体域网无线通信需求。
附图说明
图1是本申请的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线的结构 示意图；
图2(a)是本申请以PDMS为基体、导电银胶为导电介质的天线尺寸参数图；图2(b)是本申请以PET为基体、导电银颗粒为导电介质的天线尺寸参数图；图2(c)是本申请以PI为基体、铜箔为导电介质的天线尺寸参数图；
图3(a)是本申请以PDMS为基体、导电银胶为导电介质的天线在未开槽和开槽时的S11曲线；图3(b)是本申请以PET为基体、导电银颗粒为导电介质的天线在未开槽和开槽时的S11曲线；图3(c)是本申请以PI为基体、铜箔为导电介质的天线在未开槽和开槽时的S11曲线；
图4(a)、图5(a)、图6(a)分别是本申请以PDMS为基体、导电银胶为导电介质的天线在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图4(b)、图5(b)、图6(b)分别是本申请PET为基体、导电银颗粒为导电介质的天线在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图4(c)、图5(c)、图6(c)分别是本申请以PI为基体、铜箔为导电介质的天线在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz的E面和H面方向图；
图7是本申请共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线三种实施例的天线效率曲线；
图8是本申请共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线沿X轴弯曲和沿Y轴弯曲模型示意图，实施例1、实施例2、实施例3均采用类似模型；
图9是本申请以PDMS为基体、导电银胶为导电介质的天线在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S11曲线；
图10是为仿真天线SAR值，在HFSS建立的三层人体组织模型，实施例1和实施例2均采用此模型仿真SAR值；
图11是本申请以PET为基体、导电银颗粒为导电介质的天线在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S11曲线；
图12是本申请以PI为基体、铜箔为导电介质的天线在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S11曲线；
图中标号：1、柔性基体，2、馈线，21、分支点，22、主馈线，23、分支馈线；3、辐射贴片，31、馈线连接部，32、贴片开口；4、接地平面，41、槽口，42、馈线槽；5、谐振槽；6、波端口馈电面；7、皮肤模型；8、脂肪模型；9、肌肉模型。
具体实施方式
为了对本申请实施例的技术方案、优点更加清晰，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行更加清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，在柔性基体1的上表面设置有馈线2、辐射贴片3和接地平面4。馈线2、辐射贴片3和接地平面4以导电银胶为材质，柔性基体1以PDMS为材质。
对本实施例的天线性能参数提出以下要求：阻抗带宽至少满足3.1-10.6GHz，即频带内S11<-10dB或驻波比VSWR<2且天线在WIMAX波段、WLAN波段、X下行波段、ITU波段(7.9-8.7GHz)附近具备阻带 特性，本实施例以S11曲线为标准；天线具备一定柔性，且在一定弯曲程度下能够工作；天线发射UWB信号时，SAR值能够满足安全辐射标准。针对上述要求，提出如下天线结构：
如图1所示，一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，包括：
柔性基体1，柔性基体1的上表面下部满铺贴设接地平面4，柔性基体1的上表面上部贴设辐射贴片3；接地平面4中部开设馈线槽42；馈线2包括位于中部的主馈线22以及由位于主馈线22上部的分支点21处向主馈线22两侧分支形成的两个分支馈线23；馈线2贴设于柔性基体1的上表面，主馈线22的下部及中部通常位于馈线槽42内，并与其两侧的接地平面4之间留设间隙，主馈线22的上部伸出至馈线槽42外；主馈线22的顶端与辐射贴片3底部连接为整体，两个分支馈线23的顶端通过设于辐射贴片3底部两侧的馈线连接部31与辐射贴片3连接为整体，主馈线22由分支点21至顶端的竖向长度与分支馈线23的竖向长度相等；
在具体实施中，因辐射贴片3的尺寸过大会导致天线的辐射方向图产生畸变，因此辐射贴片3需要设置为较小的尺寸，而馈线连接部31的作用是在辐射贴片3底部的宽度不足时，加宽辐射贴片3底部的宽度，以确保主馈线22由分支点21至顶端的竖向长度与分支馈线23的竖向长度相等，在不影响天线敷设方向的前提下，增大垂直电流，降低高频处天线回波损耗。
接地平面4顶部对应分支馈线23的位置和形态相应开设槽口41，以提高天线阻抗匹配特性。
馈线2和辐射贴片3上设有谐振槽5，谐振槽5的数量对应天线需要实现的阻带特性的数量设置；谐振槽5的设计有两种形式，一种为谐振槽5的两端之间隔离有绝缘材质如空气，另一种为谐振槽5的两端之间以导电材料连通，后一种谐振槽5的总长度应当设置为前一种谐振槽5的两倍；另外，当设有多个谐振槽5时，应当注意在各谐振槽5之间留设足够的间距，以保证各谐振槽5之间不发生强烈耦合。
在具体实施中，辐射贴片3呈六边形，并于六边形水平设置的顶边位置朝下开设三角形的贴片开口32，在保证天线工作性能的前提下，减少了材料的用量，利于天线生产成本的控制。馈线连接部31相应设置为直角三角形。
分支馈线23呈L型，谐振槽5呈直角U型或带有开口的环形。将谐振槽5设置为U型或带有开口的环形可在保证谐振槽5总长度满足设计要求的同时，使天线的整体结构更为紧凑。
在具体实施中，柔性基体1、馈线2和接地平面4呈对称结构，可使天线在呈弯曲状态的工况下维持最稳定的工作性能。
借助三维电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS对本实施例的柔性可穿戴超宽带天线进行建模和仿真，本实施方式中共面波段激励的波端口设置如图1所示，波端口馈电面6呈一个平面结构，与馈线2以及接地平面4接通。
在完成本实施例共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴带天线的建模和波端口激励设置后，对天线尺寸参数进行扫频分析，经优化后天线尺寸如图2(a)所示：
以竖向为Y向建立直角坐标系，使柔性基体1位于XOY平面内，并 使z向垂直于柔性基体1上表面，则：
柔性基体1的Y向长度为28mm、X向长度为26mm、z向厚度为0.5mm；
主馈线22的Y向长度为12mm、X向长度为3mm，分支点21距主馈线顶端的Y向长度为1.1mm，分支馈线23呈L型，分支馈线23的Y向长度为1.1mm、X向长度为3mm，分支馈线23的宽度为0.5mm；
辐射贴片3呈正六边形，边长为8mm，贴片开口32呈等腰三角形，其底边与正六边形的顶边重合，高沿Y向，长度为4mm；馈线连接部31呈直角三角形，其两个直角边分别沿Y和X向设置，长度分别为3.46mm和2mm，两个馈线连接部31的底部均与正六边形的底边平齐，两个馈线连接部31的斜边分别贴合正六边形下部的两侧边设置；
馈线2一侧的接地平面4的Y向长度为9.8mm、X向长度为11.2mm，主馈线22与接地平面4之间的间隙的X向长度为0.3mm，槽口41的Y向长度为0.5mm，X向长度为2.8mm；
本实施例共开设四个谐振槽5，因此本实施例的天线能够相应实现四个阻带特性，四个谐振槽5的具体设置方式如下：
第一个谐振槽5设于主馈线22上，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其Y向长度为6.2mm、X向长度为2mm、槽宽0.3mm；
第二个和第三个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3中部，呈两个同心设置的带有开口的环形，两个环形的开口位于同侧；其中，较大的一个谐振槽5的外径为3.8mm、内径为3.3mm、开口长1.2mm，较小的一个谐振槽5的外径为2.7mm、内径为2.4mm、开口长0.8mm；
第四个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3顶部，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其两侧顶端中的任一于空气连通，另一不与空气连通；第四个谐振槽5连通空气的一侧Y向长度为5.5mm、不连通空气的一侧Y向长度为4.9mm、X向长度为8mm、槽宽0.3mm。
对优化后的模型进行仿真，包括开槽情况和未开槽情况，得到其S11曲线如图3(a)所示。从图中可以看出未开槽的超宽带天线S11参数在3-14.3GHz均小于-10dB，天线的绝对阻抗带宽覆盖超宽带频带，相对阻抗带宽达到131％；开槽后的天线在3.4-3.8GHz、5.4-5.8GHz、7.3-7.7GHz、7.9-9.1GHz具有阻带特性，实现了四陷波功能，阻带谐振点分别用M1、M2、M3、M4标记。图4(a)、图5(a)、图6(a)分别是本实施例在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz处E面和H面的增益方向图，从图中可以看出，本实施例在超宽带频带内H面能够保持良好的全向辐射性，因此能够进行实际应用。图7是本申请三种实施例天线效率曲线，从图中可以看出本实施例天线效率基本在70％以上，性能良好。
为了验证天线具备良好的共形性，在HFSS中分别建立沿X轴和Y轴方向的弯曲模型，示意图如图8所示，弯曲半径均设置为20mm。图9是本实施例在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S11曲线，从图中可以看出天线弯折时陷波频点发生了约100MHz的平移，但不影响陷波功能，天线仍能够继续工作，说明天线具备良好的共形性。
为了验证天线在进行UWB通信时辐射满足要求，在HFSS建立如图10所示的三层人体组织模型，包括由上至下依次贴合设置的皮肤模型7、脂肪模型8和肌肉模型9，皮肤模型7、脂肪模型8和肌肉模型9的Y向 长度均为32mm、X向长度均为36mm，Z向厚度分别为1mm、3mm和15mm，h是天线与模型的距离。由于UWB信号通常是微瓦级别，考虑到功率盈余，将输入功率设置为1mW，分别在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz进行仿真。表1为在该三种频率处人体组织的电磁参数，表2是1g人体组织模型最大平均SAR值的仿真结果，从表2可以看出天线工作在UWB通信模式能够满足业界制定的1g组织小于1.6W/kg的辐射安全标准。
表1、4GHz、7GHz、10GHz频率时人体不同组织电磁参数
Figure PCTCN2021144025-appb-000001
表2、4GHz、7GHz、10GHz频率时不同距离下最大平均SAR值(实施例1)
Figure PCTCN2021144025-appb-000002
本实施例利用层层组装工艺制备天线，流程如下：
首先分别制备柔性基体1、馈线2、辐射贴片3和接地平面4。利用3D打印机(MakerBot Replicator 2x，精度100μm)制备柔性基体1、辐射贴 片3和接地平面4的模具，其中辐射贴片3和馈线2作为一个整体制作模具，辐射贴片3和接地平面4厚度设置为200μm。将PDMS(美国道康宁Sylgard 184硅橡胶，ε r＝2.65，tanδ＝0.02)与固化剂按10:1的比例配比，用磁力搅拌机(FDWTC-D型，上海复旦天欣科教仪器有限公司)均匀搅拌后注入基体模具，并置于真空干燥箱(DZF-6021型，上海索普仪器有限公司)抽真空处理，目的是除去PDMS中的气泡，待固化后脱模制得PDMS柔性基体。将有机硅导电银胶(YC-02型，南京喜力特胶黏剂有限公司)与固化剂按10:1比例均匀搅拌注入馈线与辐射贴片的整体模具和接地平面的模具，室温或低温固化后制得馈线2、辐射贴片3和接地平面4。
然后采用层层组装工艺，利用环氧型导电银胶(YC-01型，南京喜力特胶黏剂有限公司)分别将馈线和辐射贴片、接地平面与PDMS基体粘接，最后将SMA(Sub-Miniature-A)接头粘接到天线底端(信号端与馈线粘连，接地端与接地平面粘连)。组装完成后便得到实施例1的天线样本。
为体现本申请具备好的实施性和普适性，本实施例给出第二种实施方式。天线结构与实施例1只存在天线尺寸参数的调整，结构可参考图1。其中辐射贴片3、馈线2和接地平面4以导电银颗粒为材质，柔性基体1以PET为材质。
对本实施例的天线性能参数要求与实施例1相同，同样借助三维电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS对其进行建模和仿真，本实施方式中共面波段激励的波端口设置与图1类似，由于波端口尺寸与天线基体厚度、馈线与接地平面之间槽宽度、馈线宽度等有关，参数依照HFSS波端口设置建立做适当调整。
在完成本实施例共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴带天线的建模和波端口激励设置后，对天线尺寸参数进行扫频分析，经优化后天线尺寸如图2(b)所示：
柔性基体1的Y向长度为28mm、X向长度为26mm、Z向厚度为0.3mm；
主馈线22的Y向长度为12mm、X向长度为3mm，分支点21距主馈线顶端的Y向长度为1.1mm，分支馈线23呈L型，分支馈线23的Y向长度为1.1mm、X向长度为3mm，分支馈线23的宽度为0.5mm；
辐射贴片3呈正六边形，边长为8mm，贴片开口32呈等腰三角形，其底边与正六边形的顶边重合，高沿Y向，长度为4mm；馈线连接部31呈直角三角形，其两个直角边分别沿Y和X向设置，长度分别为3.46mm和2mm，两个馈线连接部31的底部均与正六边形的底边平齐，两个馈线连接部31的斜边分别贴合正六边形下部的两侧边设置；
馈线2一侧的接地平面4的Y向长度为9.8mm、X向长度为11.2mm，主馈线22与接地平面4之间的间隙的X向长度为0.3mm，槽口41的Y向长度为0.5mm，X向长度为2.8mm；
本实施例共开设四个谐振槽5，因此本实施例的天线能够相应实现四个阻带特性，四个谐振槽5的具体设置方式如下：
第一个谐振槽5设于主馈线22上，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其Y向长度为5.7mm、X向长度为2mm、槽宽0.3mm；
第二个和第三个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3中部，呈两个同心设置的带有开口的环形，两个环形的开口位于同侧；其中，较大的一个谐振槽5的 外径为3.5mm、内径为3mm、开口长1.1mm，较小的一个谐振槽5的外径为2.5mm、内径为2.2mm、开口长0.8mm；
第四个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3顶部，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其两侧顶端中的任一于空气连通，另一不与空气连通；第四个谐振槽5连通空气的一侧Y向长度为5mm、不连通空气的一侧Y向长度为4.4mm、X向长度为8mm、槽宽0.3mm。
对优化后的模型进行仿真，包括开槽情况和未开槽情况，得到其S 11曲线如图3(b)所示。从图中可以看出未开槽的超宽带天线S 11参数在3-13.8GHZ均小于-10dB，天线的绝对阻抗带宽覆盖超宽带频带，相对阻抗带宽达到129％；开槽后的天线在3.4-3.7GHz、5.45-5.75GHz、7.3-7.7GHz、8-9GHz具有阻带特性，实现了四陷波功能，阻带谐振点分别用M1、M2、M3、M4标记。图4(b)、图5(b)、图6(b)分别是本实施例在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz处E面和H面的增益方向图，从图中可以看出，本实施例在超宽带频带内H面能够保持良好的全向辐射性，因此能够进行实际应用。如图7所示，本实施例天线效率基本在70％以上，性能良好。
为了验证天线具备良好的共形性，在HFSS中分别建立沿X轴和Y轴方向的弯曲模型与实施例1相似，示意图如图8所示，弯曲半径均设置为20mm。图11是本实施例在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S 11曲线，从图中可以看出天线弯折时陷波频点发生了100MHz-200MHz的平移，但不影响陷波功能，天线仍能够继续工作，说明天线具备良好的共形性。
为了验证天线在进行UWB通信时辐射满足要求，与实施例1相似， 在HFSS建立如图10所示的三层人体组织模型，h是天线与模型的距离，输入功率设置为1mW，电磁参数设置参照表1。表3是分别在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz时1g人体组织模型最大平均SAR值的仿真结果，从表3可以看出天线工作在UWB通信模式完全能够满足业界制定的1g组织小于1.6W/kg的辐射安全标准。
表3、4GHz、7GHz、10GHz频率时不同距离下最大平均SAR值(实施例2)
Figure PCTCN2021144025-appb-000003
与实施例1不同，本实施例采用喷墨打印工艺制备天线，流程如下：
PET柔性基体选用美国盖尔杜邦恩欣格产品，其相对介电常数ε r＝4，损耗角tanδ＝0.01。首先按照仿真的尺寸对PET进行裁剪，用超声波对裁剪得到的PET表面进行清理，目的是除去其表面杂质。然后进行表面等离子处理，提高PET基体表面的粗糙程度，使得后面喷涂的导电银墨水能够牢固附着在基体表面。
柔性PET基体处理完毕后利用喷墨打印工艺直接在PET基体表面打印辐射贴片、接地平面图案，打印机采用Fujifilm Dimatix公司的DMP-2831材料喷印机，导电银颗粒采用Fujifilm Dimatix公司的DGP40LT-20C或DGP40LT-15C产品，其含银量为30～35％。由于图案成型的效果会受到打 印层数、打印点间隔、烧结温度的影响，按照经验设置喷头步进间距为15μm以获得良好的导电效果，打印层数为2～3层以获得厚度约300μm的导电介质。图案打印完成后将PET柔性基体水平置于150℃恒温箱并保持10分钟以烧结固化银纳米颗粒。天线制备完成后，用YC-01环氧型导电银胶粘接SMA接口，粘接方法和实施例1相同。
为说明本申请能够产量化制备，本实施例给出了第三种实施方式。天线结构与实施例1、例2只存在尺寸上的调整，结构可参照图1。其中辐射贴片3、馈线2和接地平面4以铜箔为材质，柔性基体1以PI为材质。
对本实施例的天线性能参数要求与实施例1、实施例2相同，同样借助三维电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS对其进行建模和仿真，波端口尺寸也依照HFSS波端口设置做适当调整。
在完成本实施例共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴带天线的建模和波端口激励设置后，对天线尺寸参数进行扫频分析，经优化后天线尺寸如图2(c)所示：
柔性基体1的Y向长度为28mm、X向长度为26mm、Z向厚度为0.05mm；
主馈线22的Y向长度为12mm、X向长度为3mm，分支点21距主馈线顶端的Y向长度为1.1mm，分支馈线23呈L型，分支馈线23的Y向长度为1.1mm、Y向长度为3mm，分支馈线23的宽度为0.5mm；
辐射贴片3呈正六边形，边长为8.5mm，贴片开口32呈等腰三角形，其底边与正六边形的顶边重合，高沿Y向，长度为5mm；馈线连接部31呈直角三角形，其两个直角边分别沿Y和X向设置，长度分别为3.03mm 和2mm，两个馈线连接部31的底部均与正六边形的底边平齐，两个馈线连接部31的斜边分别贴合正六边形下部的两侧边设置；
馈线2一侧的接地平面4的Y向长度为9.8mm、X向长度为11.3mm，主馈线22与接地平面4之间的间隙的X向长度为0.2mm，槽口41的Y向长度为0.5mm，X向长度为2.8mm；
本实施例共开设四个谐振槽5，因此本实施例的天线能够相应实现四个阻带特性，四个谐振槽5的具体设置方式如下：
第一个谐振槽5设于主馈线22上，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其Y向长度为7.1mm、X向长度为2mm、槽宽0.3mm；
第二个和第三个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3中部，呈两个同心设置的带有开口的环形，两个环形的开口位于同侧；其中，较大的一个谐振槽5的外径为4.1mm、内径为3.6mm、开口长0.7mm，较小的一个谐振槽5的外径为3.2mm、内径为2.7mm、开口长0.9mm；
第四个谐振槽5位于辐射贴片3顶部，呈直角U型，开口位于顶部，其两侧顶端中的任一于空气连通，另一不与空气连通；第四个谐振槽5连通空气的一侧Y向长度为5.6mm、不连通空气的一侧Y向长度为5mm、X向长度为8.5mm、槽宽0.3mm。
对优化后的模型进行仿真，包括开槽情况和未开槽情况，得到其S11曲线如图3(c)所示。从图中可以看出未开槽的超宽带天线S11参数在2.9-14.6GHz均小于-10dB，天线的绝对阻抗带宽覆盖超宽带频带，相对阻抗带宽达到134％；开槽后的天线在3.4-3.7GHz、5.45-5.75GHz、7.3-7.7GHz、8-9.3GHz具有阻带特性，实现了四陷波功能，阻带谐振点分别用 M1、M2、M3、M4标记。图4(c)、图5(c)、图6(c)分别是本实施例在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz处E面和H面的增益方向图，从图中可以看出，本实施例在超宽带频带内H面能够保持良好的全向辐射性，因此能够进行实际应用。如图7所示，本实施例天线效率基本在80％以上，性能良好。
为了验证天线具备良好的共形性，在HFSS中分别建立沿X轴和Y轴方向的弯曲模型与实施例1相似，示意图如图8所示，X轴弯曲半径设置为80mm，Y轴弯曲半径设置为20mm。图12是本实施例在沿X轴弯曲、沿Y轴弯曲和不弯曲时的S11曲线，从图中可以看出天线沿Y轴弯曲时陷波频点发生了200MHz的平移，不影响陷波功能；沿X轴弯曲时，弯曲半径80mm时陷波频点已发生大幅平移，无法实现陷波功能，因此本实施例在X轴方向弯曲时性能会受到影响。
为了验证天线在进行UWB通信时辐射满足要求，与实施例1相似，在HFSS建立如图10所示的三层人体组织模型，h是天线与模型的距离，输入功率设置为1mW，电磁参数设置参照表1。表4是分别在4GHz、7GHz、10GHz时1g人体组织模型最大平均SAR值的仿真结果，从表4可以看出天线工作在UWB通信模式完全能够满足业界制定的1g组织小于1.6W/kg的辐射安全标准。
表4、4GHz、7GHz、10GHz频率时不同距离下最大平均SAR值(实施例3)
Figure PCTCN2021144025-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021144025-appb-000005
为说明本实施方式的实用性，本实施例给出了如下制备流程：
由于本申请采用共面波导馈电方式，可采用FPCB普通单面板工艺流程进行制备。首先选取厚度为0.05mm的PI薄膜(ε r＝3.4，tanδ＝0.001)，将材料裁剪成基体尺寸大小，利用等离子设备对柔性基板表面进行清理，目的是增加PI薄膜表面的粗糙程度，使得后续镀铜能够牢固附着在基体表面。
柔性基体预处理完成后，利用电化学反应在柔性基体表面镀铜。镀铜后通过化学清洗除去铜表面氧化杂质同时增加贴膜的结合力，清洗完成后在铜箔表面均匀贴覆干膜。利用干膜的光感应特性将所需的天线图案映到铜箔上，而后进行显影操作，即用一定浓度的碳酸钠或碳酸钾药水把未感光的区域干膜冲洗掉。利用腐蚀技术将显影后的板子多余部分腐蚀掉，即可得到本实施例共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线的半成品，最后利用强碱将图案表面残留的干膜溶解。天线制备完成后，将SMA接头焊接至天线底端(信号端与馈线焊接，接地端与接地平面焊接)。
如上述实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所示，本申请提供的三种实施方式均能够实现天线的设计要求，通过在柔性PDMS基体上粘接导电银胶、在PET基体表面打印导电银颗粒、在PI基体表面印刷铜箔使得本申请所得天线具备全柔性、共形性强、可穿戴性强的优势，同时本申请设计的天线结构具有四陷波功能和超宽带特性，且UWB通信时SAR值满足辐射标准。由此，实现了超宽带天线的可穿戴性，满足工程应用要求。
以上仅为本申请的示例性实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改，等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，包括：柔性基体(1)，柔性基体(1)的上表面下部满铺贴设接地平面(4)，柔性基体(1)的上表面上部贴设辐射贴片(3)；接地平面(4)中部开设馈线槽(42)；馈线(2)包括位于中部的主馈线(22)以及由位于主馈线(22)上部的分支点(21)处向主馈线(22)两侧分支形成的两个分支馈线(23)；馈线(2)贴设于柔性基体(1)的上表面，主馈线(22)的下部及中部通常位于馈线槽(42)内，并与其两侧的接地平面(4)之间留设间隙，主馈线(22)的上部伸出至馈线槽(42)外；
    主馈线(22)的顶端与辐射贴片(3)底部连接为整体，两个分支馈线(23)的顶端通过设于辐射贴片(3)底部两侧的馈线连接部(31)与辐射贴片(3)连接为整体，主馈线(22)由分支点(21)至顶端的竖向长度与分支馈线(23)的竖向长度相等；接地平面(4)顶部对应分支馈线(23)的位置和形态相应开设槽口(41)；
    馈线(2)和辐射贴片(3)上设有谐振槽(5)，谐振槽(5)的数量对应天线需要实现的阻带特性的数量设置；柔性基体(1)由绝缘柔性材料制成，馈线(2)、辐射贴片(3)和接地平面(4)由导电柔性材料制成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，其中，辐射贴片(3)呈六边形，并于六边形水平设置的顶边位置朝下开设三角形的贴片开口(32)；馈线连接部(31)相应设置为直角三角形。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天 线，其中，分支馈线(23)呈L型，谐振槽(5)呈直角U型或带有开口的环形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，其中，柔性基体(1)、馈线(2)和接地平面(4)呈对称结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的共面波导馈电的四陷波柔性可穿戴超宽带天线，其中，柔性基体(1)由PDMS、PET或PI制成，馈线(2)、辐射贴片(3)和接地平面(4)由导电银胶、导电银颗粒或铜箔制成。
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