WO2022229784A1 - Mélanges de terpènes émulsionnés ayant une activité antibactérienne et antimycotique - Google Patents

Mélanges de terpènes émulsionnés ayant une activité antibactérienne et antimycotique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022229784A1
WO2022229784A1 PCT/IB2022/053627 IB2022053627W WO2022229784A1 WO 2022229784 A1 WO2022229784 A1 WO 2022229784A1 IB 2022053627 W IB2022053627 W IB 2022053627W WO 2022229784 A1 WO2022229784 A1 WO 2022229784A1
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mixture
fish
alpha
mixture according
treatment
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PCT/IB2022/053627
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
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Christian Fabricio LARENAS URÍA
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VILLAGOMEZ DIAZ, Jennifer Paulina
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of fish farming and refers to a composition made up of a mixture of terpenes of natural and/or synthetic origin that is capable of preventing, counteracting and contributing to the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections that cause external lesions in fish kept in captivity.
  • the aquatic environment encompasses a wide variety of parameters (water quality, physicochemical conditions, pollution, among others) and practically all of them influence the welfare of fish, being essential for their growth and reproduction. If these parameters reach values outside the normal range for a particular species, diseases occur, since the self-defense capacity of animals is reduced with increased stress.
  • protection In prophylaxis, two lines of defense are defined against the aggression of a pathogen; the first, called protection, is known or understood as the one that intercepts the pathogen throughout the crop chain to prevent it from reaching the fish, while the second line of defense or prevention, i It is responsible for strengthening the host, so that the pathogen capable of evading protection finds a high resistance to attack in the fish organism. Protection requires the manipulation of the environment in which the fish lives and through which the pathogen can travel, being objects of such manipulation both that aimed at improving and stabilizing water quality conditions, as well as the barriers imposed on the pathogen itself. That said, while the second step will be to ensure ways to prevent the disease, and that is what prevention consists of, which implies strengthening the fish in such a way that if a pathogen invades the host, it is rejected until it is unable to produce the disease.
  • disease control or therapy consists of treating diseased fish populations in order to restore health, and involves an interaction between host, pathogen and drug, all influenced in turn by the environment.
  • the efficiency of a drug for the control of a certain pathogen, without adverse effect on the host and the environment, depends on: The nature and location of the pathogen, the drug to be used, its concentration and ability to eliminate the environment and the host organism, the form of application and period of exposure, the toxicity of the drug to the host, and the presence or absence of components in the environment that may interfere with its mechanism of action.
  • Those used for nutritional purposes such as lipids, antioxidants and carotenoids;
  • Disinfectants chlorinated, hypochlorites, chloramines, iodinated, potassium permanganate and quaternary ammonium compounds
  • Y Disinfectants
  • Medications usually used for therapy in fish farming can also be classified between chemotherapeutics and antibiotics: Chemotherapeutics are those used in the treatment of infectious diseases, they destroy the pathogen and may or may not cause damage to the fish or its tissues. Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents with special properties that may have a bactericidal or bacteriostatic function. They are successfully administered in fish farming, although this type of therapy should be reserved as an extreme resource in farming systems since they eliminate beneficial and harmful bacteria indiscriminately, and even favor the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which invalidates it as a useful medicine if the disease is recurrent. However, to prevent and treat diseases in fish farming there is a major global interest in limiting the use of chemical agents and pharmacological drugs, since these substances can be harmful to fish, consumers and the environment.
  • Patent document WO 9800025 teaches a method of therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of aquatic animals with cajeput oil, which is obtained from the leaves of the Melaleuca caju uti tree, M. leucadendron and other Melaleuca species (myrtaceae). ), and which is characterized by the fact that it contains a large number of components, most of which are terpenoids, its main component being 1,8-cineol (approximately 39%).
  • the medicament and the composition disclosed therein are useful for treating live fish of all types and species and other aquatic animals affected, subjected or prone to bacterial disease, fungal disease or injuries such as wounds, excoriations , burns and the like.
  • cajeput oil used is a complex mixture of components that are normally found in this natural product, which is produced in commercial quantities in Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam, and is readily available through commercial suppliers. cosmetic and food oils and extracts.
  • patent document WO 02069989 discloses the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of aquatic animals with a composition containing, as active principle, an extract of Pimenta racemosa (oil of laurel from the West Indies). According to its authors, Pimenta racemosa was found to be useful in treating fish of all types and species and other aquatic animals afflicted with, subjected to, or prone to bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, or injuries such as wounds, lacerations, abrasions, burns and the like.
  • the oil obtained from the Pimenta racemosa tree has a large number of components, most of which are terpenoids, where the main components are eugenol (up to approximately 56%), cavicol ( up to about 22%) and myrcene (up to about 21%), while other compounds such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, isoeugenol, linalool, methyleugenol (3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene), estragole (methylcavicol) and alpha -terpineol can be found in lower amounts.
  • terpenoids where the main components are eugenol (up to approximately 56%), cavicol ( up to about 22%) and myrcene (up to about 21%), while other compounds such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, isoeugenol, linalool, methyleugenol (3,4-dimethoxyallylbenzene), estragole (methyl
  • novel emulsions of terpenes, natural and/or synthetic are disclosed, to be added directly to the water of aquariums and ponds, used for the treatment of diseases associated with fish infections that cause pathologies with external signs such as ulcerations, petechiae, destruction of fins and inflammation of eyes and other tissues, typically caused by Gram-negative bacteria (such as Aeromonas spp., Edwarsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacterium spp., Flexibacter spp., Flexibacter spp., among others) or by Gram-positive bacteria (such as Renibacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., among others), or pathologies associated with fungi of the phyllum Saprolegniales (such as Aphanomyces spp.).
  • Gram-negative bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Edwarsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Fla
  • the invention consists of a mixture of terpene compounds, surface-active agents and water that forms an emulsion that is soluble in fresh or salt water, useful for treating common bacterial and fungal infections in aquarium fish, ponds or cultured pools.
  • the mixture is a homogeneous solution of mono and sesquiterpenes of natural or synthetic origin, emulsified with water and non-ionic surfactants, or ionic surfactants.
  • non-hydrolysable lipid compounds is made up of a homogeneous mixture of two or more of the following mono- and sesquiterpenes of natural or synthetic origin: cis-citral, trans-citral, geraniol, nerol, cinnamaldehyde, 1,8 cineol, Methyl cinnamate, alpha-turmerone, beta-turmerone, alpha-zingiberene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, cinnamyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, alpha-caryophyllene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpineol, terpinel-4-ol , terpinolene, beta-sesquiphelandrene, curcumene, camphene, copaene and all optical and geometric isomeric forms of the mentioned terpenes.
  • compositions disclosed herein allow to prevent, counteract and assist in the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections that cause external lesions in fish kept in captivity, showing a synergistic activity against the products already known in the prior art.
  • FIG 1 shows the results of the In Vitro evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of solutions prepared with the mixture described as solution A in the invention against Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria.
  • MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
  • Figure 2 corresponds to a visual record of the destruction of the caudal fin tissue of an adult (1 year old) male Thai fighter (Betta Splendens) due to bacterial infection (Aeromonas spp).
  • Figure 3 shows the chromatic variation of the evolving damaged tissue during lungfish treatment.
  • Figure 4 shows the analysis of the chromatic variation of the tissue damaged in evolution during the treatment of the lungfish of Figure 3.
  • compositions disclosed herein correspond to homogeneous solutions of mono and sesquiterpenes of natural or synthetic origin, emulsified with water and nonionic surfactants, preferably of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate type or ionic surfactants such as alkylsulfonates.
  • nonionic surfactants preferably of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate type or ionic surfactants such as alkylsulfonates.
  • Such emulsions contain a mixture of two or more of the terpenes presented below, in a ratio of 0.1 to 50% of the composition by weight: and all optical and geometric isomeric forms of the mentioned terpenes.
  • the solution is a homogeneous mixture between two or more of the terpene compounds described above, synthetic or natural, coming from natural mixtures or incorporated in natural mixtures in any percentage proportion, being preferable mixtures within the range of the following percentage amounts expressed in units of dough:
  • the terpene solution (I) has a formulation with a preferred composition in accordance with the following amounts of the lipid compounds, which will be referred to from now on as solution A:
  • the surfactants used in the compositions disclosed herein are of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate type, with any proportion of oxyethylene groups, preferably between 18 and 80 oxyethylene groups and especially with 20 oxyethylene groups.
  • the proportion of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate surfactant with 20 oxyethylene groups corresponds to between 10% and 50% of the total mixture with the terpene solution.
  • the mixture of the terpene solution and the surfactant (MCPOES20) forms an emulsion that has a 60:40 ratio, respectively.
  • the 60:40 mixture is emulsified by mixing preferably with distilled water, deionized water or drinking water with hardness less than 40 mg/L of CaCÜ3, in proportions between 0.1 and 30% (v/v)
  • the 60:40 (v/v) mixture is preferably emulsified by mixing 2 mL of the 60:40 mixture with deionized water in sufficient quantity to complete 100 mL of the total mixture.
  • Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamyl acetate; 1,8-Cineol; methyl cinnamate; alpha-pinene; Geraniol; cis-citral; trans citral; alpha-phellandrene; Camphene; caryophyllene oxide; alpha-Turmerone; beta-tumerone; myrcene; Caryophyllene; Zingiberene; beta-Bisabolene; beta-Sesquifellandrene; Curcumene.
  • the compounds come from natural mixtures, or mixed mixtures are produced between natural mixtures and pure synthetic components, it must be considered which are the majority components of the composition and maintain the order of mixing, for example, natural mixtures of terpenes containing cinnamic acid derivatives first, then natural mixtures containing citrals and derivatives; then natural mixtures containing turmerone and derivatives, finally natural mixtures containing zingiberene and derivatives.
  • the mixture is kept under mechanical agitation for 10 minutes at a temperature not higher than 30°C, preferably in closed containers.
  • the mixture is stored and kept refrigerated at 4°C until later use in no more than 24 hours.
  • MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
  • Bacterial cultures Culture colonies were established at concentrations equivalent to 106 cfu. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity was carried out following the microdilution technique in 96-well plates with automatic absorbance reading. All formulations were tested in triplicate at two-fold serial dilutions from 5% concentration to 0.04%.
  • ATCC certified bacterial strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used. The dilutions were tested with different proportions of pure terpenes and mixtures, dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide as vehicle and negative control.
  • the veterinary antibiotic Enrofloxacin with proven effectiveness against a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria was used as a positive control.
  • the plates were incubated for 24 hours at the ideal temperatures for the growth of the different bacterial strains. After the incubation period, the absorbance readings were obtained, the same ones that served to contrast between dilutions of the terpene mixtures and the positive and negative controls, establishing through an ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc statistical analysis the similarities and statistically significant differences between the different treatments for the tested concentrations.
  • the specimens of each species are randomly separated into two experimental groups with the same number of individuals and are kept in 100 L aquariums with similar levels of filtration, aeration and temperature.
  • the treatment group is exposed to the mixture of terpenes from solution A in a 1:1 ratio with a surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate with 20 oxyethylene groups and mixed in 100 parts of distilled water in a dose of 5 mL/40 L of water. of the aquarium; the control group remains without adding any substance. Both groups are fed ad libitum once a day. The terpene mixture is dosed on the treatment group every 24 hours for twelve consecutive days. For both groups, daily water changes of 25% are made with chlorine-free water.
  • the treatment with the terpene mixture was 100% successful.
  • the activity of the active mixture is theorized given its ability to inhibit the growth and spread of the infection, with the simultaneous response of the immune system of the fish that allows its complete recovery.
  • the fish are fed ad libitum.
  • the fish in the control group show decreased appetite, while the fish in the treatment group feed normally.
  • the total mortality of untreated fish occurs.
  • the fish treated with the terpene mixture have a survival of 95%, inferring that 5% of mortality is due to causes unrelated to the treatment.
  • All the treated fish managed to completely regenerate their fins, which shows a technical advantage over antibiotic treatments where, although there is a response against infection control, there is no stimulation on tissue regeneration, added to all the negative criteria represented by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics related to bacterial resistance and restrictions on fish raised for consumption.
  • Figure 2 shows one of the specimens under study where the regeneration of the caudal fin tissue can be clearly seen.
  • Trichromis salvini and another of Aequidens tetramerus both presenting lethargy, darkening of the body, unilateral exophthalmia, operculation and wounds in the form of holes in the head, product of degeneration and loss of cartilage due to poor assimilation of nutrients, which lead to opportunistic bacterial infections.
  • Both fish were isolated, kept in aquariums with a capacity of 40 L, treated with 10 ml_ of a terpene mixture of solution A in a 2:1 ratio with a surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate with 20 oxyethylene terpene groups mixed with 100 parts of water. distilled and added daily for 10 days and maintaining a water exchange of 25% every 24 hours. On the fifth day of treatment, disinflammation of the eye and general improvement in coloration are observed. At the end of the treatment, the fish breathe normally, the holes in the head and the eyes are free of inflammation.
  • the group of fish is subjected to the same treatment as that described in example No. 4 without isolation and together with species of silurids of the Doradidae and Loricariidae families, which do not show signs of disease.
  • the first day of treatment occurs the death of two sick fish, due to their advanced stage of infection.
  • a group of fish remains without signs of disease.
  • One group is treated with a broad-spectrum veterinary antibiotic (enrofloxacin 5%) using a dose of 1 ml_/100L of water.
  • Another group of fish is treated with a dose of the mixture of terpenes from solution A in a 1:1 ratio with a surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monocarboxylate with 20 oxyethylene groups with 100 parts of distilled water in a dose of 5 ml_/20L of water. .
  • Both groups are kept in 80L urns with mechanical filtration systems and porous substrates that allow biological filtration by harboring nitrifying bacteria necessary to establish the nitrogen cycle, essential to keep the concentration of ammonia and nitrites at minimum levels and thus avoid death. of fish by accumulation of toxic substances.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition formée d'un mélange de composés terpéniques, d'agents tensioactifs et d'eu qui forment une émulsion soluble dans de l'eau douce ou salée, utile pour le traitement d'infections bactériennes et fongiques communes chez es poissons d'aquarium, de bassin ou de piscine de culture. Conformément aux expériences menées, lesdites compositions permettent de lutter contre l'infection et de stimuler la régénération de tissus, ce qui permet dans le même temps de maintenir la filtration biologique de l'aquarium en bon état tout en exerçant une action thérapeutique sur les poissons.
PCT/IB2022/053627 2021-04-27 2022-04-19 Mélanges de terpènes émulsionnés ayant une activité antibactérienne et antimycotique WO2022229784A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ECSENADI202130172A ECSP21030172A (es) 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 Mezclas de terpenos emulsionados con actividad antibacterial y antimicótica
ECSENADI-2021-30172 2021-04-27

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5882647A (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-03-16 Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aquatic animal treatment method and composition containing cajeput oil
US20020164384A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-07 Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aquatic animal treatment method and composition containing pimenta extract
US20060159727A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2006-07-20 Pimentel Julio L Prevention of Systemic Microbial Infection
US20090098227A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2009-04-16 Biomor Israel Ltd. Tto-based wide spectrum therapeutics, disinfectants & anesthetics for use in aquaculutre

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5882647A (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-03-16 Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aquatic animal treatment method and composition containing cajeput oil
US20020164384A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-07 Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aquatic animal treatment method and composition containing pimenta extract
US20060159727A1 (en) * 2005-01-20 2006-07-20 Pimentel Julio L Prevention of Systemic Microbial Infection
US20090098227A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2009-04-16 Biomor Israel Ltd. Tto-based wide spectrum therapeutics, disinfectants & anesthetics for use in aquaculutre

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DAWOOD MAHMOUD A. O., EL BASUINI MOHAMMED F., ZAINELDIN AMR I., YILMAZ SEVDAN, HASAN MD. TAWHEED, AHMADIFAR EHSAN, EL ASELY AMEL M: "Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Functionality of Essential Oils: An Alternative Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture", PATHOGENS, vol. 10, no. 2, 1 February 2021 (2021-02-01), XP093002546, DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020185 *
STARLIPER CLIFFORD E., KETOLA HENRY G., NOYES ANDREW D., SCHILL WILLIAM B., HENSON FRED G., CHALUPNICKI MARC A., DITTMAN DAWN E.: "An investigation of the bactericidal activity of selected essential oils to Aeromonas spp.", JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 6, no. 1, 1 January 2015 (2015-01-01), AMSTERDAM, NL , pages 89 - 97, XP093002542, ISSN: 2090-1232, DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.007 *

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