WO2022227316A1 - 一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物及应用 - Google Patents

一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物及应用 Download PDF

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WO2022227316A1
WO2022227316A1 PCT/CN2021/109466 CN2021109466W WO2022227316A1 WO 2022227316 A1 WO2022227316 A1 WO 2022227316A1 CN 2021109466 W CN2021109466 W CN 2021109466W WO 2022227316 A1 WO2022227316 A1 WO 2022227316A1
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acetate
bacterial
composition
mass ratio
ethiolycin
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叶火春
张静
朱发娣
闫超
辜柳霜
冯岗
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中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所
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Publication of WO2022227316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227316A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of phytochemical protection, in particular to the application of an ethiolycin and caprylin acetate composition in preventing and treating plant diseases.
  • Bacterial disease is an important disease affecting agricultural production in my country. Bacterial diseases are explosive and can be widespread in a short period of time, causing serious economic losses. At present, chemical agents are mainly used in agricultural production for control, and the main agents are copper preparations and antibiotics. With the increase of the planting scale and the change of the environment and climate, the bacterial diseases of agricultural crops have become more and more serious, and the growers have used a large number of or continuous use of the same type of chemicals for control, resulting in an increase in the level of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the efficacy of the drugs. farmers usually increase the dosage, or randomly add a variety of chemicals to mix and use.
  • Ethylicin a plant biomimetic pesticide developed by my country, is the ethyl homologue of allicin, its chemical name is ethyl ethyl thiosulfonate, CAS No.682-91-7, commodity Name antibacterial agent 402, Yiyiling, etc.
  • Acetyl allicin is highly volatile, corrosive, flammable, and easily ineffective in the presence of alkali and iron.
  • Acetylallicin has efficient bactericidal effect, and can also promote the germination of crop seeds, improve the emergence rate, regulate crop growth, increase crop yield and improve quality.
  • Capryloxacin acetate (N1-octyl-N2-(2-octylamino)ethyl-1,2ethylenediamine) is an efficient, low-toxic and environmentally friendly amino acid polymer fungicide.
  • Caprylodine acetate can destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms, enter into the cells to coagulate proteins, and prevent the activity of enzymes to kill pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses.
  • Caprylyl acetate has strong systemic absorption and permeability, and can effectively control diseases such as ringworm and fusarium wilt. After the application of caprylodine acetate, it can form a protective film on plant stems, leaves and fruits to prevent the invasion of pathogens, and has a certain effect of stimulating the growth of leaves.
  • ZL 201910599615.3 discloses a composition comprising ethoallicin and copper rosinate, the mass ratio of ethalicin and copper rosinate being 1:1-10, which is effective against citrus canker, watermelon bacterial angular spot, pepper bacterial leaf Spot and other diseases control performance synergistic effect.
  • ZL201810270312.2 discloses a bactericidal composition containing morpholineguanidine hydrochloride and caprylopyramide acetate, the mass ratio of morpholineguanidine hydrochloride and caprylopyramide acetate being 1 ⁇ 50:50 ⁇ 1, which is mainly used for The control effect of cucumber bacterial angular spot and rice blast is enhanced.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition and application for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of plants.
  • the scheme of the present invention includes the following contents:
  • a composition for preventing and treating bacterial diseases of plants comprising etiocyclin and caprysyl acetate in a mass ratio of 30:1-1:10.
  • the mass ratio of the etiocyclin and caprylyl acetate is 6:1 to 3:1, the bactericidal effect on the mango bacterial keratobacter Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae is more significant.
  • the mass ratio of the etiocyclin and caprylyl acetate is 12:1 to 1:6, it exhibits a synergistic bactericidal effect on the tomato bacterial wilt bacterium pseudoralanus pseuclonaras solaraearum.
  • the ratio of the two agents is 1:1, the synergistic sterilization effect is obvious.
  • the mass ratio of the ethiolycin and caprylyl acetate is 30:1 to 1:10, it exhibits a synergistic bactericidal effect on the rice bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae, wherein the two When the agent ratio is 15:1, the synergistic sterilization effect is more obvious.
  • composition of the present invention can be combined with adjuvants commonly used in the art, and can be made into various bactericide formulations according to conventional preparation methods.
  • dosage forms include, but are not limited to, microemulsions, aqueous emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates or suspensions.
  • the mass percentage of the composition in the preparation is 1-80%.
  • the present invention relates to the use of said composition or said fungicide for controlling bacterial diseases of plants.
  • the bacterial diseases include, but are not limited to, Mango bacterial angular spot, tomato bacterial wilt, or oryzae oryzae.
  • the compound composition containing acetonitrile and caprylin acetate and the bactericide provided by the invention have obvious virulence and synergistic effect on agricultural bacterial diseases, and the action mechanisms of the two kinds of bactericides are quite different, and the generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is slowed down.
  • the invention provides a compound bactericide of ethiolycin and caprylyl acetate, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, environmental protection and the like, and meets the requirements of current new pesticide creation.
  • the experimental methods, materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods and conventional commercial products.
  • the adjuvants used are all conventional adjuvants in the art, and the percentages are all by weight.
  • Example 1 14% ethiolycin-caprylin acetate (12:2) microemulsion
  • Embodiment 2 8% Acetyl allicin-caprysamine acetate (6:2) microemulsion
  • Example 3 10% acetonitrile-caprysamine acetate (5:5) wettable powder
  • Embodiment 4 5% caprylamine acetate salt solution
  • caprylin acetate 5% sodium lignin sulfonate, 5% nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, deionized water to make up to 100%, fully stirring the components in water to obtain caprylamine acetic acid saline solution.
  • caprylostrobin acetate salt solution is obtained by diluting 5% caprylostrobin acetate salt solution with 2.5 times aqueous solution.
  • Example 5 12% ethoallin emulsifiable concentrate, 6% ethoallin emulsifiable concentrate and 5% ethoallin emulsifiable concentrate were prepared by diluting 20% ethoallin emulsifiable concentrate with solvent by 4 times, 1.67 times and 3.33 times respectively.
  • Preparation method of emulsifiable concentrate mix ethalicin with ethanol and xylene and stir evenly, then add calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, and mix uniformly to prepare emulsifiable concentrate preparation.
  • Embodiment 7 80% ethiolycin-caprylysin acetate (60:20) suspending agent
  • Embodiment 8 10% acetonitrile-caprysamine acetate (5:5) suspending agent
  • the in vitro bacteriostatic rate is converted into a probability value as the ordinate, and the logarithm of the concentration of the drug solution ( ⁇ g/mL) is On the abscissa, the virulence curve was established, and the inhibitory concentration EC 50 was obtained by calculation, and the SR value of the virulence synergy coefficient of the combined use of the drugs was calculated according to the Wadley method.
  • a and b are the mass fractions of the active ingredients of A and B in the compounded medicament, respectively;
  • EC 50 (A) and EC 50 (B) are the EC 50 values of single dose A and single dose B, respectively;
  • EC 50 (theoretical) and EC 50 (measured) are the theoretical and actual measured theoretical values of the AB mixture, respectively.
  • Table 1 The virulence results of acetoallicin, caprylyl acetate and their different ratio compositions to mango bacteria keratosis spp.
  • the indoor combined virulence assay for tomato bacterial wilt is shown in Table 2.
  • the test method refers to GB/T 17980.103-2004 "Pesticide Field Efficacy Test Guidelines II""Fungicides for the Control of Citrus Canker".
  • the experiment was carried out in a mango orchard in the east of Hainan.
  • the experimental plots were randomly arranged, each plot was 25-30 m 2 , and each treatment plot was 5 plants, repeated 3 times.
  • the application was carried out 2 times in total.
  • the dosage of the active ingredient in each application was 10 mg/plant.
  • the interval between the first application and the second application was 7 days.
  • the disease occurrence was investigated before application, 7 days after the first application and 7 days after the second application.
  • Investigation method 2 plants were investigated in each treatment plot, and each plant was sampled from 5 points in the east, south, west, north, and middle, and all the leaves on each sampled leaf tip were investigated. The number of leaves, the number of diseased leaves and the damage level were calculated, and the disease index and control effect were calculated.
  • Control effect% [1-(the disease index of the control group before the application ⁇ the disease index of the treatment group after the application)/(the disease index of the control group after the application ⁇ the disease index of the treatment group before the application)] ⁇ 100%
  • the experiment adopted a pot experiment. Tomato seedlings were raised to about 4 leaves, and 5 mL of bacterial wilt bacteria (OD 600 was about 0.8) was drip-irrigated along the seedling stem at a distance of 3 cm from the ground. After that, each agent was treated with root irrigation, 20 mL per treatment, and irrigated every 3 days.
  • Root once, 2 times in total, 20 plants per treatment, placed at 28-30°C, light-dark cycle 12h/12h, cultivated in the greenhouse, observed and recorded the number of diseased plants for 14-28d, refer to "Efficacy Guidelines" Part 32 "Bactericidal”"Tomato bacterial wilt” (NY/T 1464.32-2010) records and statistics, and the control effect is calculated according to the following formula.
  • Incidence rate (%) number of diseased plants / number of investigated plants ⁇ 100
  • Control effect % (incidence rate after spraying in control group - incidence rate in treatment group after spraying)/incidence rate after spraying in control group ⁇ 100

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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的复配组合物及其应用，所述组合物有效成分包含乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐，乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐质量比为30:1～1:10。本发明以乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐为有效成分复配杀菌剂，用于防治植物细菌性病害表现出明显的协同增效作用，提高防治效果，延缓病原菌抗药性产生，减低有效成分使用量以及减少防治病害的使用成本。

Description

一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物及应用 技术领域
本发明涉及植物化学保护技术领域，具体涉及乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐组合物在防治植物病害中的应用。
背景技术
细菌性病害是影响我国农业生产的重要病害。细菌性病害爆发性强，可在短时间大规模流行，造成严重经济损失。目前农业生产上主要使用化学药剂进行防治，主要药剂为铜制剂和抗生素等两大类产品。随着种植规模增大和环境气候的改变，农业作物的细菌性病害愈发严重，种植户大量或者连续多次使用同类药剂防治，造成病原细菌的抗药水平升高，药效也下降，此时农户通常会加大用量，或者随意添加多种药剂混配使用。盲目药剂混配使用大多起不到增效作用，反而起到拮抗作用，造成乱用药、大量用药及药剂浪费等问题突出。因此，农业生产亟需防治农业细菌性病害的新型杀菌剂。研发高效、广谱、环保的复配药剂组合，具有研制周期短、成本低、延缓病原菌抗药性产生等优势，受到国内外农药研制重视。
乙蒜素(ethylicin)，是我国自行研发的一种植物仿生农药，是大蒜素的乙基同系物，其化学名称为乙基硫代磺酸乙酯，CAS No.682-91-7，商品名抗菌剂402、一支灵等。乙蒜素挥发性强，具腐蚀性，可燃，遇碱、铁易失效。乙蒜素兼有一定的内吸性和铲除作用，其杀菌机理是其分子结构中的(O＝S＝O)基团与菌体内含硫基的物质反应，从而抑制菌体的正常生理代谢。乙蒜素具有高效的杀菌功效，还可促进作物种子萌发、提高出苗率，调节作物生长，提高作物的产量和改善品质。
辛菌胺醋酸盐(N1-辛基-N2-(2-辛基氨)乙基-1,2乙二胺)是一种高效、低毒、环保的氨基酸类高分子聚合物杀菌剂。辛菌胺醋酸盐可破坏病原微生物的细胞膜，进入细胞内凝固蛋白、阻止酶系活动等方式对病原真菌、细菌和病毒起到杀灭作用。辛菌胺醋酸盐具有强的内吸和渗透性，能够有效防治轮纹病、枯萎病等病害。辛菌胺醋酸盐施用后，能在植物茎、叶和果形成保护膜，防止病菌侵入，兼具一定刺激叶片生长作用。
ZL 201910599615.3公开一种包含乙蒜素和松脂酸铜的组合物，乙蒜素和松脂酸铜的质量比为1:1-10，对柑橘溃疡病、西瓜细菌性角斑病、辣椒细菌性叶斑病等病害防治表现增效作用。
ZL201810270312.2公开了一种含有盐酸吗啉胍与辛菌胺醋酸盐的杀菌组合物，盐酸吗啉胍与辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为1～50∶50～1，主要用于黄瓜细菌性角斑病、水稻稻瘟病等防治效果增效。
目前，关于乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐的复配农药组合及其应用尚无报道。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物及应用。
本发明方案包括以下内容：
一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物，包括质量比30:1～1:10的乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐。
优选的，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为6:1～3:1时，其对芒果细菌性角斑病菌Xanthomonas citri pv.mangiferaeindicae的杀菌效果更为显著。
优选的，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为12:1～1:6时，其对番茄青枯病菌pseuclonaras solaraearum表现出增效杀菌作用。其中，两种药剂比例为1:1时，增效杀菌作用明显。
优选的，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比30:1～1:10时，其对水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae表现出增效杀菌作用，其中，两种药剂比例为15:1时，增效杀菌作用更明显。
本发明所述组合物可以与本领域常用助剂组合，并按常规制备方法制成各种杀菌剂剂型。所述剂型包括但不限于微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油剂或悬浮剂。所述组合物在制剂中的质量百分比为1～80％。
另一方面，本发明涉及所述组合物或所述杀菌剂在防治植物细菌性病害方面应用。所述细菌性病害包括但不限于芒果细菌性角斑病菌、番茄青枯病菌或水稻白叶枯病菌。
本发明所取得的有益效果：
本发明提供的含乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐复配组合物及其杀菌剂，对农业细菌性病害具有明显的毒力增效，两种杀菌剂作用机理迥异，减缓病原菌抗药性产生，可用于细菌性病害抗性治理；复配杀菌剂防治效果表现出协同增效，速效性和持效性增强，可减低药剂使用量，减少使用成本，同时减少环境污染。本发明提供乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐复配杀菌剂，具有高效、广谱、环保等特点，符合当前新农药创制的要求。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。需要说明的是，本发明实例仅仅是用于说明本发明，而不是对本发明的限制。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法、材料、试剂等如无特殊说明，均为常规方法、常规市售产品。
(一)制剂配制实施例
本发明制剂制备过程中，所采用的助剂均为本领域常规助剂，百分比均为重量百分比。
实施例1 14％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(12:2)微乳剂
称取12％乙蒜素，2％辛菌胺醋酸盐，15％三苯乙基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯和农乳500#，10％环已酮，5％丙二醇，搅拌充分溶解后，去离子水补足至100％，继续搅拌至均相，制得14％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐微乳剂。
实施例2 8％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(6:2)微乳剂
称取6％乙蒜素，2％辛菌胺醋酸盐，15％三苯乙基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯和农乳300#，10％环已酮，5％丙二醇，搅拌充分溶解后，去离子水补足至100％，继续搅拌至均相，制得8％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(6:2)微乳剂。
实施例3 10％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(5:5)可湿性粉剂
称取5％乙蒜素，5％辛菌胺醋酸盐，3％拉开粉BX，3％萘磺酸盐缩聚物Morwet D-425，硅藻土补足100％，将药剂、润湿剂、分散剂与填料混合均匀，经气流粉碎机粉碎，搅拌40min，制得到本发明农药组合物可湿性粉剂。
实施例4 5％辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂
5％辛菌胺醋酸盐，3％木质磺酸钠，5％壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，去离子水补足至100％，将各组分在水中充分搅拌均匀，制得辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂。
2％辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂，用2.5倍水溶液稀释5％辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂得到。
实施例5 12％乙蒜素乳油、6％乙蒜素乳油和5％乙蒜素乳油分别由20％乙蒜素乳油用溶剂稀释4倍、1.67倍和3.33倍配制而成。20％乙蒜素乳油配方：20％乙蒜素、5％十二烷基苯磺酸钙、3％脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、2％蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、5％甲醇，余量为二甲苯。乳油的制备方法：将乙蒜素与乙醇、二甲苯混合搅拌均匀，再加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚，混合均匀制得乳油制剂。
实施例6 1％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(0.5：0.5)悬浮剂
称取0.5％乙蒜素，0.5％辛菌胺醋酸盐，1％磷酸酯类乳化剂，0.1％聚硅氧烷消泡剂，0.2％黄原胶，水补足100％。将各组分通过乳化机高速剪切，然后通过砂磨机砂磨，使粒径5mm以下，制得悬浮剂。
实施例7 80％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(60:20)悬浮剂
称取60％乙蒜素，20％辛菌胺醋酸盐，15％木质素磺酸盐，2％丙二醇，0.5％硅油，2％黄原胶，水补足100％。将各组分经高速剪切混合均匀，然后通过砂磨机砂磨，使粒径5um以下，制得悬浮剂。
实施例8 10％乙蒜素-辛菌胺醋酸盐(5:5)悬浮剂
称取5％乙蒜素，5％辛菌胺醋酸盐，10％丁基萘磺酸盐，2％丙二醇，0.2％聚硅氧烷消泡剂，0.5％黄原胶，水补足100％。将各组分经高速剪切混合均匀，然后通过砂磨机砂磨，使粒径5um以下，制得悬浮剂。
(二)离体生物测定实例
按照NYT 1156.16-2008《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂》第16部分采用的浑浊度法，将离体抑菌率换算成几率值为纵坐标，药液浓度(μg/mL)的对数值为横坐标，建立毒力曲线，计算求得抑制中浓度EC 50，依据wadley法计算药剂联合使用的毒力增效系数SR值。
EC 50(理论)＝(a+b)/(a/EC 50(A)+b/EC 50(B))
SR＝EC 50(理论)/EC 50(实测)
其中，a、b分别为A、B有效成分在复配药剂中的质量分数；
EC 50(A)、EC 50(B)分别为A单剂和B单剂EC 50值；
EC 50(理论)和EC 50(实测)分别为AB混剂的理论与实际测得的理论值。
当SR≤0.5，表现拮抗；0.5<SR≤1.5，表现相加；SR≥1.5，表现增效。
实施例9
乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐不同组合物对芒果细菌角斑病菌的毒力测定，见表1。
表1 乙蒜素、辛菌胺醋酸盐及其不同配比组合物对芒果细菌角斑病菌的毒力结果
处理 实测EC 50 理论EC 50 增效系数SR
乙蒜素(A) 0.332    
辛菌胺醋酸盐(B) 0.518    
A:B＝15:1 0.216 0.340 1.58
A:B＝12:1 0.179 0.342 1.91
A:B＝9:1 0.190 0.345 1.82
A:B＝6:1 0.138 0.350 2.54
A:B＝3:1 0.098 0.365 3.74
A:B＝1:1 0.256 0.405 1.58
A:B＝1:3 0.244 0.455 1.86
数据分析，由表1可见，乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐按质量比15:1～1:3范围内复配组合对芒果细菌角斑病菌的毒力增效系数SR≥1.5，均表现出增效作用；尤其是质量比为6:1和3:1，增效显著，增效系数达2.5以上。
实施例10
对番茄青枯病菌的室内联合毒力测定，见表2所示。
表2 乙蒜素、辛菌胺醋酸盐及其组合物对番茄青枯病菌的联合毒力
处理 实测EC 50 理论EC 50 增效系数SR
乙蒜素(A) 28.45    
辛菌胺醋酸盐(B) 7.65    
A:B＝12:1 13.22 23.53 1.78
A:B＝9:1 14.47 22.37 1.55
A:B＝6:1 11.68 20.49 1.75
A:B＝3:1 8.77 16.94 1.93
A:B＝1:1 5.94 12.06 2.03
A:B＝1:3 5.57 9.36 1.68
A:B＝1:6 5.33 8.54 1.60
结果显示，乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐质量比在12:1～1:6范围内复配组合时，对番茄青枯病菌的毒力增效系数SR≥1.5，均表现出增效作用；两种药剂按质量比为1:1增效系数达2.0以上，增效作用明显。
实施例11
水稻白叶枯病菌的毒力测定，见表3所示。
表3 乙蒜素、辛菌胺醋酸盐及其组合物对水稻白叶枯病菌的室内毒力
处理 实测EC 50 理论EC 50 增效系数SR
乙蒜素(A) 38.47    
辛菌胺醋酸盐(B) 14.36    
A:B＝30:1 21.73 36.49 1.68
A:B＝15:1 18.44 34.81 1.89
A:B＝12:1 20.65 34.07 1.65
A:B＝9:1 18.73 32.94 1.76
A:B＝6:1 18.66 31.03 1.66
A:B＝3:1 16.65 27.10 1.63
A:B＝1:1 12.27 20.91 1.70
A:B＝1:3 11.12 17.03 1.53
A:B＝1:6 10.07 15.77 1.57
A:B＝1:10 9.76 15.23 1.56
数据分析：乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐按质量比30:1～1:10范围内复配对水稻白叶枯病的室内毒力的增效系数均大于1.5，说明组合物毒力增效作用。
(三)活体药效试验实例
按照《农药田间药效试验准则》，根据准则试验分级标准调查植物病害的病情指数，计算防治效果，采用Abbort方法评价混剂的防效增效。
按照Abbort方法评价混剂的防效增效作用，方程如下：
P 理论＝A+B-A×B/100，其中A和B分别两种单剂的防效。
如果试验测得混剂的实际防治效果大于理论防治效果(P 理论)，则混剂表现出增效作用。
实施例12
防治芒果细菌性角斑病药效试验
试验方法参考GB/T 17980.103-2004《农药田间药效试验准则二》“杀菌剂防治柑橘溃疡病”。在海南东方的芒果园进行试验，试验小区随机排列，每小区25～30m 2，每处理小区5株，重复3次。在芒果细菌性角斑病初期施药(喷施)，共施药2次，每次施药的有效成分用药量为10mg/株，第一次施药与第二次施药间隔7d，分布于施药前、第1次施药后7d和第二次施药后7d调查病害发生情况。调查方法：每处理小区调查2株，每株按东、南、西、北、中5个点取样，调查每个各取样的1条叶梢上的全部叶片，病害分级标准参照标准，调查总叶数、发病叶数及危害等级，计算病情指数和防治效果。
药效计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2021109466-appb-000001
防效％＝[1-(施药前对照组的病情指数×施药后处理组病情指数)/(施药后对照组的病情指数×施药前处理组的病情指数)]×100％
表4 防治芒果细菌性角斑病的药效结果
Figure PCTCN2021109466-appb-000002
数据分析：乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐质量比为6:1时，两次施药后7d对芒果细菌性角斑实际防效大于理论防效，呈现出增效作用，二者质量比为3:1时，防治效果实际防效也比理论防效高，表现出明显的增效作用，防治效果分别高于两种单剂的防治水平。
实施例13
防治番茄青枯病盆栽药效试验
试验采用盆栽试验，将番茄育苗至4片叶左右，沿苗茎距地面3cm处滴灌5mL青枯病菌(OD 600约0.8)，之后将各药剂采用灌根处理，每个处理20mL，隔3d灌根1次，共2次，每处理20个株，置于28-30℃，光暗周期12h/12h，温室培养，14-28d观察记录发病株数，参照《药效准则》第32部分“杀菌剂防治番茄青枯病”(NY/T 1464.32-2010)记录统计，按照下式公式计算防效。
发病率(％)＝发病株数/调查株数×100
防效％＝(对照组施药后发病率-处理组施药后发病率)/对照组施药后发病率×100
表5 防治番茄青枯病菌的的盆栽防效
Figure PCTCN2021109466-appb-000003
表5数据结果显示，乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐以质量比为3:1防治番茄青枯病菌的实际防效大于混剂理论防效，表现增效作用；乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐按照质量比1:1防治时，实际防效高于混剂理论防治效果，呈现增效作用，施药后14d防效到80％以上，施药28d防效仍高于70％，持效期长。乙蒜素与辛菌胺醋酸盐复配施用于碱性土壤时仍呈现出增效及延长持效期的效果(28d防效75％)，进一步说明二者复配有利于提高乙蒜素在碱性条件下的稳定性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防治植物细菌性病害的组合物，其特征在于，包括质量比(30:1)～(1:10)的乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为(15:1)～(1:3)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为(6:1)～(3:1)，所述植物细菌性病害为芒果细菌性角斑病菌Xanthomonas citri pv.mangiferaeindicae。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为(12:1)～(1:6)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为1:1，所述植物细菌性病害为番茄青枯病菌pseuclonaras solaraearum。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述乙蒜素和辛菌胺醋酸盐的质量比为15:1，所述植物细菌性病害为水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae。
  7. 含有权利要求1所述组合物的杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述组合物在杀菌剂中的质量百分比为1～80％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的杀菌剂，其特征在于，其剂型包括微乳剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油或悬浮剂。
  9. 权利要求1至权利要求6任一项所述组合物或权利要求7至权利要求8任一项所述杀菌剂在防治植物细菌性病害方面应用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述细菌性病害包括芒果细菌性角斑病菌、番茄青枯病菌或水稻白叶枯病菌。
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