CN114391547B - 一种用于防控大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病的种衣剂配方 - Google Patents
一种用于防控大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病的种衣剂配方 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效防控大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病的种衣剂配方,由杀菌剂由噻呋酰胺和种菌唑灵组成,其中添加有适量的农用杀菌剂助剂,制成种子包衣所使用的悬浮种衣剂和微囊悬浮种衣剂。本发明对作物真菌性病害有更高的防治效果,两药剂之间存在明显增效作用,且具有扩大防病普的效果,达到多病综合防控,可显著减少农药施用量,有效降低生态破坏和环境污染,并能提高作物产量和质量;本发明中噻呋酰胺和种菌唑均属低等毒性,并且对人畜、有益生物、环境安全;可延缓病菌对单一药剂的抗药性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农用杀菌剂领域,具体涉及一种噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的杀菌组合物,通过添加适量的助剂制成悬浮种衣剂或微囊悬浮种衣剂后用于种子包衣,有效防控大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病,并同时兼防大豆镰刀根腐病、大豆茎枯病、大豆红碳腐、大豆碳腐病等根茎基部病害。
背景技术
大豆及豆制品是我国传统食用植物油和蛋白的主要来源之一。随着国民经济的发展和居民生活水平的提高,对大豆的需求也越来越多,特别是广大群众对健康的最求,直接食用豆制品和植物油的数量也快速增加。基于需求及国产大豆的战略安全考量,中国农业农村部在2016年发布的《全国种植业结构调整规划(2016-2020年)》报告中指出,要增加大豆的供应量,并改善品质、提高效益,要求因地制宜开展粮豆轮作,在黄淮海地区推广玉米大豆轮作、麦豆一年两熟或玉米大豆间套作,适当恢复大豆种植面积,使我国大豆面积达到1.4亿亩、增加4000万亩左右。
但近年来,伴随着耕作模式的改变,传统的秸秆焚烧已经被严令禁止,导致土壤中病原物的累积,增加病害爆发的风险。同时,由于全球气候变暖等自然环境条件的变化,一些区域性病害及偶发病害开始扩大危害范围,而伴随人们对粮食作物高品质的要求,高品质品种易导致新型病害的发生蔓延。这其中,由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的立枯丝核病、齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)引起的白绢病是主要农作物的常见病害,在主要蔬菜、大豆上都能引起严重的病害,在作物的苗期危害尤其严重,引起缺苗断垄,影响作物产量。立枯丝核病主要在种子出苗前即可侵染,导致苗子枯死,但枯而不倒,因此,从播种时期就应该进行防控。白绢病可在植株的不同时期进行侵染,以苗期侵染最为严重,可以危害植株的根、茎、叶及果实。大豆白绢病和大豆立枯丝核菌所引起的大豆立枯或猝死危害程度逐年加重,发生面积逐步加大。除此之外,镰刀菌(Fusarium spp)不同种引起的镰刀根腐病、由拟茎点霉属真菌(Diaporthespp)引起的大豆茎枯病、由冬青丽赤壳菌(Calonectria ilicicola)引起的红碳腐病、由碳腐病菌(Macrophomina phaseolina)引起的碳腐病等根、茎基部病害已经严重威胁大豆产业的发展。目前,对以上病原引起的病害主要仍以化学防治为主。然而,长期单一药剂的使用以及不合理的施药方式,使得病原菌很容易产生抗药性,导致药效下降、病害爆发,进而加大用药,形成恶性循环,加大用药成本,加剧环境污染,这也是化学防治的一大难题。具有不同化学结构、不同作用机理的农药合理复配是克服抗药性发生与发展的有效措施,可以改进性能、减少单位面积的用药量,提高防治效果。
噻呋酰胺(Thifluzamide)是一种新的噻唑羧基-N-苯酰胺类杀菌剂,其化学名称为2',6'-二溴-2-甲基-4'-三氟甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-1,3-噻二唑-5-羟酰苯胺。原药为白色至淡棕色粉状固体,熔点177.9~178.6℃,20℃时在水中溶解度为1.6mg/L,分配系数4.1,pH值为5~9时稳定。噻呋酰胺属低毒杀菌剂,原药大鼠急性口服及兔急性经皮LD50>5000mg/kg,急性经皮LD50>2 000 mg/kg无致畸、致突变、致癌作用。该杀菌剂为琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDHI) 抑制剂,主要作用于呼吸链电子传递复合体Ⅱ,阻断能量代谢,具有保护、治疗、内吸、输导等作用。经过处理后的种子在萌发过程中可以吸收噻呋酰胺,并通过木质部传导到植物体的其他部位,从而起到保护作物的作用。
种菌唑(Ipconazole)为日本吴羽化学公司于20世纪90年代初开发的三唑类杀菌剂,中文化学名称为(1RS,2SR,5RS;1RS,2SR,5SR)-2-(4-氯苄基)-5-异丙基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇,分子式为C18H24ClN3O。种菌唑是一种广谱性系统杀菌剂,主要通过抑制真菌麦角甾醇的生物合成而影响真菌细胞壁的形成,从而达到抑制真菌生长的目的。种菌唑具有优异内吸传导和触杀保护活性,具有使用剂量低、活性高、对单子叶和双子叶作物均安全等特点,兼具内吸、保护及治疗作用。种菌唑主要用作种子处理剂,活性较高且比较安全,多用于控制水稻和其他作物的种子病害,对水稻恶苗病、胡麻斑病和稻瘟病有较好的防治效果。作为种子处理剂,种菌唑被广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种对大豆立枯丝核病和大豆白绢病防治效果显著增效的组合物,该组合物在增加防效的同时,增加了抗病谱,可同时兼防大豆镰刀根腐病、大豆茎枯病及大豆红碳腐、大豆碳腐病等大豆主要根、茎基部病害,为大豆病害的综合防控提供了高效配方组合物。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种防治大豆立枯丝核病和大豆白绢病的种衣剂配方,其中所述杀菌剂由噻呋酰胺和种菌唑组成。
所述杀菌剂特征在于噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的质量比为20:1~1:20。这其中用于大豆白绢病防治时,所述噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的质量比为1:1~1:10;用于大豆立枯丝核病防治时,所述噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的质量比为5:1~1:5。
上述组合物通过一定配比,另行添加适量辅料,如分散剂、防冻剂、成膜剂、增稠剂、警戒色制成悬浮种衣剂或微囊悬浮剂种衣剂,通过一定比例种子包衣后有效提高大豆种子的萌发率,高效防治大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病,并同时兼防大豆镰刀根腐病、大豆茎枯病及大豆红碳腐、大豆碳腐病等大豆主要根、茎基部病害。
本发明的显著效果和优点是:
将两类具备不同的结构类型和有差异的作用机制的杀菌剂,通过添加高效助剂,加工成生产上容易使用的悬浮种衣剂或微囊悬浮剂种衣剂,生物活性高,提高种子的萌发率和成活率,提高植株抗病性,增加了抗病普,对生产中常发的苗期病害均具有较好的防控效果,且复配增效后单位面积上总的用药量下降,用药次数减少,降低了施药成本,延缓病原物抗药性产生和发展,延长了杀菌组合物中各组分的使用寿命,对作物安全性好,从而实现经济、高效、环保的发明目的。
所述的杀菌组合物在防治作物真菌病害中的应用。
具体实施方式
对噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的杀菌特性做细致分析。首先测定噻呋酰胺和种菌唑两单一化合物(以下简称药剂)的EC50(药物安全性指标),根据两单一药剂的EC50按Wadley法设定两药剂的组合比例,并根据Wadley增效系数SR值。
试验目标物为大豆立枯丝核病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和大豆白绢病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii),但不限于此。取噻呋酰胺和种菌唑,选用PDA固体培养基,配置成需药液平板,每皿约18ml。在预培养菌落边缘用灭菌的打孔器制取5mm直径的菌丝块,分别移到不同培养基平板上,25℃培养。试验采用菌丝生长测定法,按不同处理制作含药培养基,在预培养菌落边缘用灭菌的打孔器制取5mm直径的菌丝块,分别移到含药量不同的培养基平板上,采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,量取菌落直径(mm),由下列公式计算生长抑制率:
菌丝生长抑制率%=(1- 药剂处理菌落直径-5/对照菌落直径-5)×100%
将菌丝生长抑制率换算成抑制机率值(y),药剂浓度换算成浓度对数(x),按浓度对数为横坐标、机率值为纵坐标作毒力回归直线,求得噻呋酰胺和种菌唑单剂及其混剂对病菌的毒力回归方程,并计算EC50值及相关系数r值。
根据Wadley方法评价混剂的相互作用,计算公式如下:
EC50(理论值) = (a+b)/(a/EC50a+ b/EC50b) ,
SR = EC50(理论值)/EC50(实际值) 。
其中a、b是各组分在混剂中含量比例,以SR值分析混配的效果。SR≤0.5,则两种药剂混配有拮抗作用;SR= 0.5~1.5,则两种药剂混配有加和作用; SR≥1.5,则两种药剂混配有增效作用。
表1、噻呋酰胺和种菌唑单剂及其混剂对大豆白绢病菌毒力测定结果
从上表可以看出,不同比例的噻呋酰胺和种菌唑组合物对大豆白绢病菌的抑菌效果各不相同,总体上看,其比例在1:1至1:10的范围内有增效作用。
表2、噻呋酰胺和种菌唑单剂及其混剂对大豆立枯丝核病菌毒力测定结果
从上表可以看出,不同比例的噻呋酰胺和种菌唑组合物对大豆立枯丝核病菌的抑菌效果各不相同,总体上看,其比例在5:1至1:5的范围内有增效作用。
室内联合作用测定结果表明,噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的组合物对大豆立枯丝核病菌和大豆白绢病菌有很好的生长抑制效果,同时对生产中常发的苗期病害大豆镰刀根腐病、大豆茎枯病、大豆红碳腐、大豆碳腐病等根茎基部病害均具有较好的防控效果,两组分之间存在明显增效作用;两组分按照一定比例复配可减少用药量,且增加防病普,有效降低生态破坏和环境污染,并能提高作物产量和质量;本发明中噻呋酰胺和种菌唑均属低等毒性,并且对人畜、有益生物、环境安全;可延缓病菌对单一药剂的抗药性。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的实质并不限于下述实施例。
实施例1
10%噻呋酰胺•种菌唑悬浮种衣剂的制备,按质量百分比。
噻呋酰胺:5%,种菌唑:5%,黄原胶:2.2%,分散剂FS3000:6%,木质素磺酸钙:5%乙二醇:3%,硅酸镁铝:0.3%,皂土:0.5%,埃里特无水快T:1.5%,有机硅消泡剂:2%,成膜剂:5%,染料:2%,水余量。
制备方法:根据配方,将以上组分(成膜剂、染料除外)按比例称量,加入球磨机球磨60min,过滤,抽入分散罐高速剪切3min后经砂磨机充分研磨,控制固体组分粒子直径在1μm以内,研磨结束后搅拌均匀,并加入成膜剂和染料,即得悬浮种衣剂产品。
实施例2
12%噻呋酰胺•种菌唑微囊悬浮种衣剂的制备,按质量百分比。
噻呋酰胺2%,种菌唑10%,油酸甲酯8%,环己酮4%,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯3%,脂肪酰胺N-甲基牛磺酸盐2%,乙二胺0.5%,1,3-丙二醇1.2%,亚甲基双萘磺酸钠2%,硅酸镁铝3.2%,阿拉伯树胶2%,聚乙烯醇2%,聚丙烯酸酯2.5%,永固红4%,水余量。
制备方法:将噻呋酰胺和种菌唑按照比例溶解于溶剂中,加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸醋搅拌均匀得到油相;在水中加入乳化剂、辅助剂搅拌均匀得到水相;水相加入到油相中,高速均化形成水包油乳液;在450rpm速条件下,加入乙二胺参加界面聚合反应,反应温度升至55℃,保持3h固化成囊;加入亚甲基双茶磺酸钠、硅酸镁铝、永固红、聚乙烯醇及聚丙烯酸酯、搅拌均匀即制成微囊悬浮种衣剂。
种衣剂的田间防控实验。
2020年度和2021年度,分别在宿州是埇桥区开展田间试验,试验地点位于宿州市农科院试验基地。现将2021年度试验数据整理如下,实验大豆品种为“皖豆37”,实验使用种衣剂按照比例进行大豆种子包衣处理。包衣后的大豆种子自然阴干后播种进行播种,播种20天后调查出苗率、株高、根长、鲜重、防效,播种40天后调查防效。最后进行产量调查。
表3、不同种衣剂配方对大豆的生长及大豆根、茎基部病害综合防控效果
大田试验结果发现,由噻呋酰胺和种菌唑所形成的悬浮种衣剂对大豆出苗率、株高、根长及鲜重均有所的提高,对大豆根、茎基部病害整体防控效果明显,且组合物的防控效果显著高于单剂防控效果。这其中,12%噻呋酰胺•种菌唑微囊悬浮种衣剂所具有的缓释功能,其防控效果在后期更为显著。在试验剂量范围内,作物生长正常,未见植株产生药害及异常现象,对大豆安全。经过种子包衣处理后的大豆产量显著高于未使用种衣剂的空白对照,由噻呋酰胺和种菌唑所形成组合物的产量也显著高于单剂产量,组合物在显著减少药量的同时,同样具有优异的防效及增产效果。以上结果表明,由噻呋酰胺和种菌唑所形成的悬浮种衣剂显著高于单剂防控效果,且农药施用量减少,这主要是因为组合物增效作用及防病普增加所致,可以高效且广谱的防控大豆苗期主要病害,减少后期病害的发生程度,达到体质增效、增产增收的目的。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有很多变形,除了种衣剂剂型外,同样可生产出水悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、微胶囊剂或水分散性粒剂等剂型。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内同直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种包含噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的种衣剂配方用于防治大豆白绢病和立枯丝核病的用途,其特征在于,用于大豆白绢病防治时,所述噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的质量比为1:1~1:10;用于大豆立枯丝核病防治时,所述噻呋酰胺和种菌唑的质量比为5:1~1:5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述种衣剂配方还包含农业上辅料成分,制备成悬浮剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮种衣剂或微囊悬浮种衣剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,活性成分的重量百分含量为1-80%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的辅料包含分散剂、防冻剂、成膜剂、增稠剂或警戒色中的一种或多种;制剂为悬浮种衣剂或微囊悬浮种衣剂。
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CN102204546A (zh) * | 2011-04-16 | 2011-10-05 | 陕西汤普森生物科技有限公司 | 一种含噻呋酰胺与三唑类化合物的杀菌组合物 |
CN103598190A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-26 | 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所 | 一种含噻呋酰胺和啶酰菌胺的杀菌组合物 |
CN104472497A (zh) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所 | 一种防治大豆根腐病的杀菌剂组合物 |
WO2018040775A1 (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司 | 一种杀菌剂组合物 |
CN112674108A (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 河南美一稼农业科技有限公司 | 一种复配种衣剂 |
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