WO2022226618A1 - Système et procédé de mesure de traumas lors de tests de gilets balistiques - Google Patents

Système et procédé de mesure de traumas lors de tests de gilets balistiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022226618A1
WO2022226618A1 PCT/BR2022/050143 BR2022050143W WO2022226618A1 WO 2022226618 A1 WO2022226618 A1 WO 2022226618A1 BR 2022050143 W BR2022050143 W BR 2022050143W WO 2022226618 A1 WO2022226618 A1 WO 2022226618A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trauma
tests
measuring
plasticine
ballistic vest
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2022/050143
Other languages
English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Filipe DMENGEON PEDREIRO BALBINO
Khrissy Aracélly REIS MEDEIROS
Carlos Roberto Hall Barbosa
Original Assignee
Faculdades Catolicas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faculdades Catolicas filed Critical Faculdades Catolicas
Publication of WO2022226618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022226618A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/271—Image signal generators wherein the generated image signals comprise depth maps or disparity maps

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on the development of a solution for measuring the depth of trauma on surfaces deformed by projectile impact.
  • the present invention is part of the field of ballistic vest testing activities, based on the test configuration described by the NIJ 01.01.04 and NIJ 01.01.06 standards, formulated by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) of the USA.
  • NIJ National Institute of Justice
  • the referred standards establish the following equipment for the test: triggering system composed of stand, sample receiver and sample; ballistic barrier composed of two chronographs, one start and one stop, to measure the projectile's velocity; rigid box that contains the support material and the ballistic vest, in which said rigid box is five meters or fifteen meters away from the mouth of the test piece, depending on the ballistic level to be tested.
  • the aforementioned NIJ standards specify and standardize the use of modeling clay, also known as plasticine, as the support material for the ballistic vest, during the firing of projectiles.
  • plasticine deforms plastically under the impact of the projectile on the ballistic vest, allowing the measurement of the maximum depth of trauma and enabling the use of this information in the assessment of material compliance.
  • the indentation generated in the plasticine constitutes a surface of complex geometry and, therefore, difficult to be measured.
  • the operator who performs the measurement using conventional instruments such as the caliper, needs to infer reference surfaces and the best position to measure the trauma, resulting in several measurement errors arising from a specific step or a combination of factors.
  • the present invention deals with the digitization of surfaces through an affordable acquisition technique that is already well documented: 3D reconstruction.
  • the invention proposes an equipment in which there is an arrangement of infrared cameras and projectors, this set being operated by software.
  • Another objective of the invention is to perform the operation in an automated, economical way and without the influence of operators, minimizing measurement errors.
  • Another objective of the invention is the static acquisition of information, with considerable reduction of the associated uncertainties, allowing to obtain data with greater accuracy and improving the repeatability and reproducibility of the process in any environment.
  • Another objective of the invention is to obtain redundancy in data acquisition, enabling the use of statistical models and error calculation for each measurement.
  • the present invention provides a method and a system for estimating the depth of trauma in ballistic vest tests, whose tests are based on NIJ 01.01.04 and NIJ 01.01.06 standards, formulated by the NIJ.
  • the system proposed by the invention captures pairs of images of the surface deformed by projectile shots to then send the pairs of captured images to a 3D reconstruction software (100), generating point clouds for each pair. of images.
  • the depth estimation process in each point cloud is performed with the application of algorithms to establish reference planes (100).
  • the system proposed by the invention is characterized by comprising a projection device and image capture; plasticine box; 3D reconstruction software (100).
  • the method proposed by the invention is characterized by comprising the steps of: system calibration; projection of a pattern in the infrared range on the deformed surface of the plasticine; capturing pairs of images of the deformed surface of the plasticine; three-dimensional reconstruction with a 3D reconstruction software of the deformed surface of the plasticine; and obtaining the measurement of the trauma depth on the deformed surface of the plasticine.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the configuration standardized by the NIJ for ballistic vest tests
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a profile view of the device used to measure trauma in a ballistic vest and its positioning during the ballistic vest test
  • Figures 7a, 7b and 7c represent, respectively, the deformed surface, the point cloud obtained by the 3D reconstruction software and a profile view of the point cloud.
  • FIG. 8 presents a diagram of the software responsible for performing the coordinated acquisition of images, managing cameras and projectors, performing the 3D reconstruction based on the acquired images, establish reference planes in point clouds, automatically segment trauma regions, calculate trauma depths and perform statistical treatment of the data.
  • the present invention refers to a set of equipment and techniques used to digitize the deformed surface of plasticine, which constitutes the support material for ballistic vest tests.
  • the main objective of the device is to allow scanning quickly, economically and reliably, ensuring repeatability and speed in the test process of ballistic vests.
  • the operation of the equipment is based on 3D reconstruction through stereo images, in which a pair of images of a given object is able to provide three-dimensional coordinates of the points of this object.
  • This data can be converted into a point cloud that represents the real model.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the configuration used for testing ballistic vests by NIJ 01.01.04 and NIJ 01.01.06 standards.
  • a firing system (10) composed of a stand, specimen receiver and specimen whose objective is to fire a certain caliber and type of ammunition, which can be changed as required for the test; ballistic barriers (20) composed of two chronograph systems to measure the projectile's velocity; plasticine box (30) which, in addition to having the support material for the test known as plasticine, also contains the ballistic vest to be tested.
  • Figure 2 details the positioning of the projection and image capture device (40) in the configuration used in the test standardized by the NIJ standards, where said device is positioned, by means of its own support or secured by means of adapters, right after the ballistic barriers (20).
  • Figures 3 and 4 An aspect of the system proposed by the invention is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the arrangement and assembly of the set of cameras (50) in the image projection and capture device (40), observed in Figure 3, allows easy handling and and the virtually simultaneous acquisition of several pairs of images.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a set of projectors (60), with at least four infrared projectors that have different patterns among themselves, embedded separately in each edge of the projection and image capture device (40).
  • the set of cameras (50) has at least two pairs of cameras, each camera located in a corner of the projection and image capture device (40) and with bases coupled to devices that allow adjustable angular inclination with the edges adjacent to the image capture and projection device (40), which maximizes the distance between said cameras and enables better framing of the images.
  • the sets of cameras (50) and projectors (60) are controlled by software (90), which allows switching between pairs of cameras and infrared standards, in order to obtain a large number of pairs of images for further processing and conversion. in point cloud.
  • the acquisition stage is the only one that involves interfacing with hardware composed of projectors and cameras, and can be implemented in different ways, such as: Raspberry Pi, LabVIEW or direct connection to the computer through an SDK (Software Development Kit). ) from projector and camera manufacturers.
  • Figure 4 shows a plasticine box (30) with a deformed surface, which is the object of the digitization.
  • the existence of calibration plates (70) around the box allows quick calibration of the camera system already with the configuration set up for the test, without the need for operator intervention.
  • the calibration plates have known distances between each marking, it is possible to estimate the correct distances for subsequent scans using software (100).
  • the calibration plates (70) are installed on the front of the plasticine box and also on the back, lagged in the distance relative to the thickness of the box. This provision aims at the correct estimation of intermediate values for the creation of the point cloud.
  • the calibration plates (70) must present checkered printed patterns, where Figure 5 illustrates a possible appearance for the patterns printed on said calibration plate (70).
  • the calibration process consists of relating the image pixels to the real distances of the object.
  • the capture of images from the calibration plates allows the relationship between image pixels and the real distances of the object, as established by the Zhang Method for calibration using a checkered board.
  • the Zhang method is a method that presents an easy-to-apply and low-cost setup, which only requires the camera to observe a planar pattern with different (at least two) orientations/positions, both of which can move up freely.
  • the proposed method consists of seeking an analytical solution that allows an initial approximation of the intrinsic/extrinsic parameters of the camera, followed by a non-linear refinement based on the maximum likelihood criterion. The radial distortion of the lens is included in the model, given the analytical and non-linear solutions.
  • Figure 6 represents the system after the shots of the projectiles of the set and the removal of the ballistic vest, leaving the trauma (80) exposed for digitalization.
  • the process of calibration of the cameras of the set of cameras (50) is carried out, in order to obtain parameters to calculate the positioning of each point on the surface of the plasticine, by means of software (100). Calibration is performed once for each pair of cameras, totaling at least six calibrations, and the results are compared for error checking.
  • the capture of images begins, selecting an infrared projector from the projection set (40) and performing the simultaneous capture of successive pairs of cameras, totaling at least six pairs of images.
  • the image capture procedure is repeated with the other infrared projectors of the projection set (40) to generate another eighteen pairs of images, totaling 24 pairs.
  • Figures 7a, 7b and 7c illustrate the deformed surface, the cloud of points obtained by digitizing the deformed surface and the digitization seen in profile, respectively, and in Figure 7c it is possible to visualize the depth of the trauma.
  • the measurement process begins in each of these point clouds, through algorithms for establishing reference planes, such as the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC).
  • RANSAC Random Sample Consensus
  • a large amount of information for trauma measurement is obtained, allowing errors and uncertainties to be calculated (110).
  • the identification and automatic segmentation of trauma regions can be performed manually or through the use of Machine learning algorithms and Neural Networks.
  • measurements can be made before and after each shot, allowing the comparison of clouds and quantifying the deformation that occurred, in this case the process of alignment between clouds becomes necessary, which can be done by the use of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm.
  • ICP Iterative Closest Point
  • the invention is not limited to the described aspect, being obvious to any technician in the subject the adaptation to the use of more pairs of cameras and the use of more infrared projectors, with different patterns among themselves, to obtain more clouds of light. points on the plasticine surface and subsequent 3D reconstruction of said surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système destinés à estimer la profondeur de traumas lors de tests de gilets balistiques, ces tests ayant pour base les normes 01.01.04 et NIJ 01.01.06, formulées par la NIJ. Pour réaliser ladite estimation, le système proposé par l'invention capture des paires d'images de la surface déformée par les tirs de projectiles pour ensuite envoyer les paires d'images capturées à un logiciel de reconstruction 3D, générant des nuages de points pour chaque paire d'images. Le procédé d'estimation de la profondeur de trauma dans chaque nuage de points est réalisé par l'application d'algorithmes pour l'établissement de plans de référence. Le système proposé par l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de projection et de capture d'images ; un boîtier de plastiline ; un logiciel de reconstruction 3D. Le procédé proposé par l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : étalonnage du système ; projection de lumière infrarouge sur la surface déformée de la plastiline ; capture de paires d'images de la surface déformée de la plastiline ; reconstruction tridimensionnelle de la surface déformée de la plastiline à l'aide d'un logiciel de reconstruction 3D.
PCT/BR2022/050143 2021-04-28 2022-04-27 Système et procédé de mesure de traumas lors de tests de gilets balistiques WO2022226618A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR1020210081880 2021-04-28
BR102021008188-0A BR102021008188A2 (pt) 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 Sistema e método para medição de traumas em ensaios de coletes balísticos

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WO2022226618A1 true WO2022226618A1 (fr) 2022-11-03

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011131161A1 (fr) * 2010-03-17 2011-10-27 Peter Kronseder Dispositif destiné à évaluer le test de classe de protection des gilets pare-balles ou des casques pare-balles

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011131161A1 (fr) * 2010-03-17 2011-10-27 Peter Kronseder Dispositif destiné à évaluer le test de classe de protection des gilets pare-balles ou des casques pare-balles

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BALBINO, FILIPE D. P. ET AL.: "Aplicaçäo de Scanner 3D para medições de profundidades de trauma em ensaios de coletes balisticos", 10° CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, FLORIANOPOLIS, vol. 24, 27 November 2019 (2019-11-27) *
BALBINO, FILIPE DMENGEON PEDREIRO: "Caracterìzação Metrologica de Scanners Opticos Tridimensionais por Projeção de Luz Estruturada Aplicados a Ensaios de Coletes Balisticos", DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO, 1 February 2021 (2021-02-01), XP093004279 *
DMENGEON PEDREIRO BALBINO FILIPE, ARACÉLLY REIS MEDEIROS KHRISSY, ROBERTO HALL BARBOSA CARLOS: "Comparative Analysis of Object Digitization Techniques Applied to the Characterization of Deformed Materials in Ballistic Tests", SENSORS, vol. 20, no. 18, pages 5017, XP093004286, DOI: 10.3390/s20185017 *
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES: "Testing of Body Armor Materials Phase III", 2012, pages 362pp, ISBN: 978-0-309-25599-8 *
WILLI SIMON; GRUNDHOFER ANSELM: "Robust Geometric Self-Calibration of Generic Multi-Projector Camera Systems", 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MIXED AND AUGMENTED REALITY (ISMAR), 9 October 2017 (2017-10-09), pages 42 - 51, XP033262492, DOI: 10.1109/ISMAR.2017.21 *

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