WO2022223654A1 - Verfahren zum laserstrahlfügen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum laserstrahlfügen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022223654A1 WO2022223654A1 PCT/EP2022/060474 EP2022060474W WO2022223654A1 WO 2022223654 A1 WO2022223654 A1 WO 2022223654A1 EP 2022060474 W EP2022060474 W EP 2022060474W WO 2022223654 A1 WO2022223654 A1 WO 2022223654A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weld seam
- laser beam
- sections
- weld
- joining
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 15
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/003—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to controlling of welding distortion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for laser beam joining according to the preamble of claim 1.
- bipolar plates of a fuel cell can be made from a component composite of two sheet metal parts that have a very thin material thickness.
- the sheet metal parts are placed one on top of the other and joined together by laser beams.
- the weld seams formed can extend over a length of several meters.
- a laser beam device produces a continuous, uninterrupted weld seam along a predefined application path.
- the laser beam moves continuously along the application path at a process speed, as a result of which the weld seam is formed.
- a process speed above a critical limit value and depending on other process parameters and the physical and geometrical material properties, periodic irregularities in the course of the weld seam occur after the start of the welding process.
- This effect is known as humping because it takes on a structure of pearls or small accumulations.
- material accumulations and material deficits periodically form, which weaken the welded connection and thus lead to a higher likelihood of leakage.
- the critical process speed limit value above which this effect occurs represents a process limitation.
- EP 0 143450 B1 A method and a device for pulsed high-energy welding are known from EP 0 143450 B1.
- US Pat. No. 5,595,670 A discloses a method for high-speed welding.
- From the DE 10 2019 006217 A1 discloses a method for connecting at least two workpieces by means of a laser beam.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for laser beam joining in which, compared to the prior art, the process speed can be increased and at the same time periodic irregularities in the course of the weld seam can be avoided.
- the invention is based on a method for laser beam joining of at least two joining partners, in which a laser beam device produces a continuous weld seam along an application path with a preferably very long path length.
- the invention is based on the following finding: With conventional laser beam joining, the laser beam moves continuously along the application path at a process speed, as a result of which the continuous weld seam is produced. Especially at a process speed above a critical limit value, periodic irregularities with material accumulations and material deficits occur after a welding process start phase. In the prior art, therefore, the weld seam produced in the welding process start phase is still flawless, while the weld seam produced in the further course of the welding process is afflicted with periodic irregularities. against this background, according to the characterizing part of claim 1, the weld seam is not produced continuously over the entire length of the application web.
- the method according to the invention for avoiding irregularities in the weld seam due to excessive process speeds has two process steps: In the first process step, at least two weld seam sections that are spatially distant from one another in the length of the application path over a weld seam distance are separated with an intermediate weld seam interruption generated. In the second process step, the welding seam Interruption produces another weld section, so that the weld sections merge into one another without any interruptions, thereby forming the continuous weld seam.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to the laser beam joining of two joining partners. Rather, the method according to the invention is also suitable for the production of a composite component from several joining partners. It should also be emphasized that the method according to the invention can be used regardless of the material thickness. This means that the process can cover both applications with thicker materials, for example in body construction, and applications with thinner materials, for example approx. 50pm to 200pm, such as occur when laser beam joining of electrochemical components of an electrochemical system occurs, for example in the case of bipolar plates in a fuel cell, in the case of battery cell components or in the case of components of a battery module, an overall battery system, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen compressor and the like.
- the idea is based on the idea of creating a joining process using laser beam welding, which enables a high process speed and yet reliably avoids the occurrence of humping in the weld seam to be produced.
- the idea for the implementation is characterized by the fact that a long, continuous and gas-tight weld seam is to be created step by step from a large number of weld seam sections. The aim is that the individual weld seam pieces can be joined at a significantly higher process speed than a long continuous seam.
- the welding process develops as a function of the process parameters - primarily the process speed - and the physical and geometric material properties.
- the process parameters primarily the process speed - and the physical and geometric material properties.
- the flow fields around the capillary and in the resulting melt pool must first build up.
- periodic formation of humps In this starting phase occurs periodic formation of humps.
- the length of this start phase corresponds to the length of the individual weld sections. It depends on the process parameters and mainly depends on the process speed.
- Laser optics used in laser beam welding can precisely align the laser beam between two weld seam sections (end of seam section 1 to start of seam section 2) in the millisecond range. This makes it possible to successively produce weld seam sections that are spatially distant from one another without any significant loss of time.
- these are preferably carried out in an overlapping manner, since a continuous, materially bonded and gas-tight connection is created between the weld seam sections.
- the overlapping of the two weld seam sections can be designed as crossing or intersecting path geometries.
- the length of the area to be overlapped is determined by the process-relevant parameters and the physical and geometrical material properties.
- the strategy for the spatial generation of the weld seams can be determined via the process control using the laser optics (e.g. a large field scanner with gravimetrically driven mirrors).
- Conceivable are, for example, weld seam sections placed one after the other (example sequence: 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, etc. or first even then odd sections), seam nests, parallelize weld seams or build up alternately. This also allows the heat field that is created to be influenced and the resulting thermal distortion to be kept to a minimum or controlled.
- the main technical benefit of the invention consists in increasing the process speed when joining materials with a laser beam in order to avoid the humping effect by dividing the weld seam into weld seam pieces.
- Relevant aspects of the invention are highlighted again in detail below: It is preferred if the length of the respective weld seam section is less than or equal to the starting phase length of the weld seam produced in conventional laser beam joining. The length of the respective weld section can therefore be determined in a series of tests in which the starting phase length of the weld is determined in a comparative welding process.
- adjacent weld seam sections can merge into one another with an overlap.
- all of the weld seam sections can be aligned completely in longitudinal alignment with the application path.
- the weld seam end of one weld seam section can overlap with the weld seam start of the adjacent weld seam section in the overlapping area.
- the weld seam overlap can be implemented as follows: the adjacent weld seam sections can have overlapping sections that are positioned at an angle to one another. The overlapping sections may cross or intersect at an overlap point.
- the finished weld seam can be subdivided, starting with a first weld seam section at the edge with ascending numbering, into a second, third, fourth and further weld seam sections.
- the weld seam sections can be placed in different strategies: for example, in a laser beam joining process in a lateral process sequence, first the first, then the third, then the second, fifth, fourth, seventh, etc. weld seam -Part are generated.
- first the weld seam sections are created with even numbering.
- the weld sections can then be produced with odd numbering.
- the laser beam joining is implemented in particular as a laser beam deep welding, in which sheet metal parts lying one on top of the other and preferably having an extremely thin material thickness are connected to one another as joining partners.
- the material thickness can be in a range of 75 ⁇ m, for example.
- the invention is not only limited to thin material thicknesses, but can be used with any material thickness and/or shape of the joining partners.
- the method can be used in particular for the laser beam joining of components in an electrochemical system, such as battery cell components, or for components of a battery module, a battery overall system, a fuel cell, an electrolyser, a hydrogen compressor or the like.
- sheet metal parts lying one on top of the other with a material thickness in particular in the range of, for example, 50 pm to 250 pm, or in the range of, for example, 250 pm to 500 pm can be connected to one another.
- other applications are also possible, for example in the laser beam joining of sheet metal parts lying one on top of the other with a material thickness in the range of, for example, 250 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the method can also be used in the laser beam joining of components in body construction.
- sheet metal parts lying one on top of the other with a material thickness of, for example, greater than 0.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, can be connected to one another as joining partners.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 each show a completed welded connection according to the invention in different views
- FIGS. 3 and 4 each show views based on which laser beam joining according to the invention is illustrated
- FIGS. 5 and 6 each show different views, on the basis of which a weld seam produced in a comparative welding process is illustrated.
- FIG. 7 shows a welded seam connection according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the method according to the invention is used to produce a composite component of two or more sheet metal parts.
- the process can be used regardless of the material thickness. This means that in addition to an application, for example in body construction, applications with thin material thicknesses in the range from, for example, approx.
- the two sheet metal parts 1, 3 have extremely thin material thicknesses of 75 ⁇ m, for example.
- the sheet metal parts 1, 3 are, for example, components of an electrochemical system, such as a battery cell or a fuel cell, a battery module or an overall battery system.
- the invention is not limited to the material thickness of 75 ⁇ m specified above. Rather, they can superimposed sheet metal parts 1, 3 also have a material thickness in particular in the range of, for example, 50 pm to 250 pm, or in the range of, for example, 250 pm to 500 pm. As an alternative to this, other applications are also possible, for example in the laser beam joining of sheet metal parts lying one on top of the other with a material thickness in the range of, for example, 250 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the method is not limited to the laser beam joining of components of an electrochemical system. Rather, the process can be used in any application, for example in laser beam joining of components in body construction.
- superimposed sheet metal parts 1, 3 with a material thickness of, for example, greater than 0.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, can be connected to one another as joining partners.
- the two sheet metal parts 1, 3 are connected to one another via a straight weld seam 5, which extends along an application path 11 indicated by dot-dash lines.
- the weld seam 5 is produced using a laser beam joining method, which will be described later and is implemented specifically as a deep laser beam welding process.
- the weld seam 5 is continuous, that is to say without interruption.
- the weld seam 5 is divided in FIGS. 1 and 2 into individual weld seam sections S1 to S9, beginning with a first weld seam section S1 at the edge with increasing numbering and into a second to ninth weld seam section S2 to S9.
- Adjacent weld sections S1 to S9 merge into one another with an overlap 9 .
- all weld seam sections S1 to S9 are aligned longitudinally to the application path 11, along which a laser beam head 13 of a laser beam device is guided at a process speed v in the joining process.
- In the overlapping areas 9 is the end of the weld a weld seam section S1 to S9 overlaps with the weld seam start of the adjacent weld seam section S1 to S9.
- the method has a first process step I (Fig. 3) and a second process step II (Fig. 4 ) on.
- first process step I the weld sections S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 are produced with odd numbering over a weld seam distance a from each other spatially along the path length of the application path 11 with an intermediate weld seam interruption 15 in each case.
- second process step II the laser beam device produces the weld seam sections S2, S4, S6, S8 with even numbering in the respective weld seam interruptions 15. After completion of the second process step II, therefore, all weld sections S1 to S9 merge into one another without interruption, specifically with the formation of the continuous weld seam 5.
- any other welding strategy can be used within the scope of the invention.
- the first, then the third, then the second and then the fifth weld seam section can be produced in a chronological process sequence.
- the weld seam sections S1 to S9 can be placed in any order within the scope of the invention.
- the welding sequence can be designed in such a way, particularly in the case of joining partners with a low material thickness, that thermal component distortion that occurs during the welding process is avoided.
- the invention is not limited to the number of weld seam sections shown in the figures. Rather, the invention is applicable to any number of weld sections.
- the weld seam is not limited to the linear course of the weld seam shown in the figures. Rather, the weld and/or the weld seam sections can be realized in any free form, such as curved, circular, rectangular or the like.
- the essence of the invention is the knowledge that with conventional laser beam joining, in which the laser beam head 13 is guided along the application path 11 at a continuous process speed v, the following problem arises: This occurs at a process speed v above a critical limit value a welding process start phase leads to periodic irregularities with material accumulations 17 and material deficits 19. Correspondingly, the weld seam 21 (FIG. 5) produced in the start phase of the welding process is still flawless, while the humping effect occurs over the further course of the welding process, i.e. the further Welding process course generated weld 23 ( Figure 5) with the periodic irregularities 17, 19 is afflicted.
- a comparison laser beam joining indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is first carried out in a series of tests.
- the process speeds v are selected to be identical.
- the laser beam head 13 is guided along the application path 11 at a continuous process speed v.
- the starting phase length ls of the starting phase weld seam 21 produced in the comparative laser beam joining is determined.
- the length lt of the respective weld seam section S1 to S9 is dimensioned to be less than or equal to the starting phase length ls of the starting phase weld seam 21 produced in the comparison laser beam joining.
- FIG. 7 shows a weld seam geometry according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- the weld seam sections S1 to S5 are not aligned completely in longitudinal alignment with the application path 11 . Rather, the adjacent weld seam sections S1 to S5 each have overlapping sections 25 that are inclined relative to one another. This cross or intersect at an overlap point 27 in order to produce a gas-tight weld seam 5 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22724047.0A EP4326480A1 (de) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-21 | Verfahren zum laserstrahlfügen |
CN202280024932.2A CN117083143A (zh) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-21 | 激光焊方法 |
US18/546,645 US20240227079A9 (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-21 | Laser beam joining method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021110241.3A DE102021110241A1 (de) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Verfahren zum Laserstrahlfügen |
DE102021110241.3 | 2021-04-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022223654A1 true WO2022223654A1 (de) | 2022-10-27 |
Family
ID=81748302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2022/060474 WO2022223654A1 (de) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-21 | Verfahren zum laserstrahlfügen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4326480A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117083143A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021110241A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022223654A1 (de) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4857697A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1989-08-15 | Metal Box Public Limited Company | Continuous seam welding apparatus and methods |
EP0143450B1 (de) | 1983-11-28 | 1990-08-29 | Elpatronic Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Impulsionsschweissen bei hoher Energiedichte |
US5250782A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-10-05 | Thomson-Csf | Method for the closing, by laser, of electronic circuit packages, notably hybrid circuit packages, minimizing mechanical stresses |
US5595670A (en) | 1995-04-17 | 1997-01-21 | The Twentyfirst Century Corporation | Method of high speed high power welding |
DE102016222402A1 (de) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Bauteilen mittels Laserstrahlung und Verwendung des Verfahrens |
CN108326419A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-27 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | 一种金属薄板的高速焊接方法 |
DE102019006217A1 (de) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-03-19 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Verbinden mindestens zweier Werkstücke mittels eines Laserstrahls |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10322450B4 (de) | 2003-02-28 | 2006-01-19 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laserschweissen beschichteter Platten |
JP4688423B2 (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2011-05-25 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | レーザ溶接方法 |
DE102006052827A1 (de) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Fügung von Blechkonstruktionen durch Laserstrahlschweißen |
DE102012021755B4 (de) | 2012-11-07 | 2021-08-12 | Audi Ag | Laserstrahl-Schweißverfahren |
-
2021
- 2021-04-22 DE DE102021110241.3A patent/DE102021110241A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-21 WO PCT/EP2022/060474 patent/WO2022223654A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-04-21 EP EP22724047.0A patent/EP4326480A1/de active Pending
- 2022-04-21 CN CN202280024932.2A patent/CN117083143A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0143450B1 (de) | 1983-11-28 | 1990-08-29 | Elpatronic Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Impulsionsschweissen bei hoher Energiedichte |
US4857697A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1989-08-15 | Metal Box Public Limited Company | Continuous seam welding apparatus and methods |
US5250782A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-10-05 | Thomson-Csf | Method for the closing, by laser, of electronic circuit packages, notably hybrid circuit packages, minimizing mechanical stresses |
US5595670A (en) | 1995-04-17 | 1997-01-21 | The Twentyfirst Century Corporation | Method of high speed high power welding |
DE102016222402A1 (de) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Bauteilen mittels Laserstrahlung und Verwendung des Verfahrens |
CN108326419A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-27 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | 一种金属薄板的高速焊接方法 |
DE102019006217A1 (de) | 2019-09-03 | 2020-03-19 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Verbinden mindestens zweier Werkstücke mittels eines Laserstrahls |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240131627A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
CN117083143A (zh) | 2023-11-17 |
EP4326480A1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
DE102021110241A1 (de) | 2022-10-27 |
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