WO2022223358A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines druckbehälters - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines druckbehälters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022223358A1 WO2022223358A1 PCT/EP2022/059682 EP2022059682W WO2022223358A1 WO 2022223358 A1 WO2022223358 A1 WO 2022223358A1 EP 2022059682 W EP2022059682 W EP 2022059682W WO 2022223358 A1 WO2022223358 A1 WO 2022223358A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure vessel
- blank
- preform
- carbon steel
- pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/005—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 characterized by the material of the blank or the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/005—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 characterized by the material of the blank or the workpiece
- B21D35/007—Layered blanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a pressure vessel.
- FRP hybrid containers consist of a multi-layer material with a gas-tight inner layer made of stainless steel and an outer layer made of carbon steel, with the multi-layer material made of steel being pressure-rolled into the appropriate shape from a circular blank or tube and then contactedd is covered with a CFRP laminate, see DE 102014 101 972 B4.
- the cost of this type of pressure vessel is very high.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing a pressure vessel which meets the requirements and can be manufactured with inexpensive materials and at lower manufacturing costs.
- the method for producing a pressure vessel having a base arranged at one end of the pressure vessel, a wall section and a neck section with an opening arranged at the other end of the pressure vessel opposite the base comprises the following steps: - providing at least one first blank, the first Ronde consists of a carbon steel; - Producing the wall section from the at least one blank by means of pressure rollers to form a pressure vessel preform; - Creation of the neckline Cut from the pressure vessel preform to a pressure vessel by means of swivel moulds.
- the pressure vessel is at least partially heated to a temperature of Acl, at which the microstructure of the carbon steel is at least partially converted into austenite and then at least partially cooled by active cooling in such a way that the microstructure is at least partially converted into martensite and / or converts bainite and thereby at least partially a tensile strength R m of at least 1000 MPa is set in the carbon steel of the pressure vessel.
- a carbon steel which is particularly preferably hardenable and/or temperable in order to provide corresponding strengths in the carbon steel or on the finished pressure vessel and thus to be able to meet the required requirements, can be obtained relatively cheaply compared to the materials disclosed in the prior art and to process them correspondingly cheaply.
- the tensile strength R m can be adjusted individually by a suitable choice of carbon steel, so that at least in sections a tensile strength R m in particular of at least 1100 MPa, preferably of at least 1200 MPa, preferably of at least 1300 MPa , particularly preferably of at least 1400 MPa, more preferably of at least 1900 MPa is possible.
- Güns term unalloyed carbon steels which are hardenable and / or heat treatable, for example, C-grades such.
- Flow-forming is understood to be a process for shaping rotationally symmetrical hollow bodies without cutting.
- a circular blank is clamped and/or fixed on a spinning chuck and set in rotation.
- At least one pressure disk/roller or another appropriate means is moved against the rotating blank so that a partial deformation occurs due to compressive stresses that are introduced into the material of the blank by the radially guided pressure rollers.
- the material flows and takes on the contour of the internal spinning chuck in an axial processing step from one end of the blank to the other.
- the spinning chuck is circular, so that the "flow-formed" spinning container preform has a circular, cylindrical inner geometry.
- the at least one pressure disk/roller plastically deforms the material as a result of the direct pressure effect, which leads to a defined axial movement of the at least one pressure disk/roller it is possible that the initial wall thickness of the blank is reduced to an adjustable (end wall) or minimum thickness.
- Flow-forming corresponds to the state of the art.
- the pressure vessel preform is set in rotation and the open end of the pressure vessel preform opposite the bottom is acted on with a pressure disk/roller in such a way that the neck section is formed into the appropriate shape, in particular without a spinning chuck.
- the opening in the neck section required for the pressure vessel can be made in the course of pivot forming or subsequently after pivot forming.
- the swivel forming also corresponds to the state of the art.
- the structural transformation to austenite begins with Acl and when Ac3 or above is reached, an essentially completely austenitic structure is present.
- the warm (partially) austenitized carbon steel of the pressure vessel is actively cooled by suitable means in such a way that the structure is converted into a structure of martensite and/or bainite. This can be done, for example, in an appropriate tool or in an oil bath.
- Heating and cooling curves for setting the required microstructure depend on the chemical composition of the hardenable and/or temperable carbon steel used and can be taken or derived from so-called ZTA or ZTU diagrams.
- An essentially martensitic structure can thus achieve the highest (tensile) strength of the carbon steel used.
- the thickness of the first blank can be between 6 and 16 mm, for example.
- the thickness is in particular at least 6.5 mm, preferably at least 7 mm and is in particular limited to a maximum of 15 mm, preferably a maximum of 14 mm.
- the diameter of the blank can vary, in particular between 150 and 800 mm.
- the carbon steel at least in the bottom and in the wall section of the pressure vessel, can have a tensile strength R m of at least 1000 MPa, in particular at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1300 MPa, particularly preferably at least 1400 MPa, more preferably of at least 1900 MPa.
- the carbon steel of the pressure vessel consistently has a tensile strength R m of at least 1000 MPa, in particular at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1300 MPa. more preferably at least 1400 MPa, more preferably at least 1900 MPa to provide a uniform throughout characteristic.
- the carbon steel of the pressure vessel in the areas has a tensile strength R m of at least 1000 MPa, in particular at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1300 MPa, particularly preferably at least 1400 MPa, more preferably at least 1900 MPa, a structure of martensite and/or bainite.
- a hard structure is required in the carbon steel, which comprises at least 70% martensite and/or bainite, in particular at least 80% martensite and/or bainite, preferably at least 90% martensite and/or bainite.
- microstructure components can be present in the form of ferrite, pearlite, cementite, austenite and/or retained austenite.
- a base is formed into the at least first blank in a deep-drawing step.
- the base on the finished pressure vessel can be outwards, so that the deep-drawing step provides for a convex formation of the base, in particular in the middle, in the blank or alternatively, if the later installation space does not allow it, the base on the finished pressure vessel can be inwards, so that the deep-drawing step a concave shape of the bottom, in particular in the middle, in the circular blank.
- the shape of the base can serve as a fixation on the spinning chuck compared to a flat design.
- the deep-drawing step can take place in the cold state or, alternatively, also in the warm state.
- active heating is carried out before and/or during the production of the pressure vessel preform.
- active heating is carried out before and/or during the production of the neck section.
- the active heating takes place at least in partial areas, which means that at least the areas which (still) have to be shaped are heated.
- the blank can be heated completely before the pressure vessel preform is produced, or, for example, only the area of the wall section to be completed can be heated.
- the heating can thus also take place in a supportive manner during the production of the pressure vessel preform.
- only the area of the neck section to be finished can be heated before the pivot forming and optionally also during pivot forming to support it.
- the active heating takes place in particular at a temperature of at least 300° C., which means that the carbon steel is heated to this temperature.
- the temperature during active heating is in particular 400 to 1100°C, preferably 700 to 1100°C.
- Ovens can be used as means for heating, through which the corresponding molds (round blanks, pressure vessel preform) are passed and then fed to the corresponding step (optional deep-drawing, flow-forming and/or swing-forming).
- means such as inductor(s), which may be configured to selectively heat only certain areas, or open flame burner(s) may be used.
- Inductors as well as burners can be integrated in the respective devices for carrying out the flow-forming and/or swivel-forming in order to enable in situ heating either before and/or during the carrying out of the respective step.
- the carbon steel contains the following chemical elements in % by weight in addition to Fe and impurities that are unavoidable due to production:
- P up to 0.1%
- S up to 0.1%
- optionally at least one or more elements from the group Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Nb, Ti, V, B, Sn, Ca, REM:
- a second blank is provided, the second blank consisting of an austenitic steel.
- Austenitic steels in particular CrNi steels, have the advantage that they do not allow gases, in particular atomic hydrogen, to pass through, so they effectively have a barrier effect and are particularly suitable as the inner layer of a pressure vessel.
- austenitic steels are thermally stable, which means that they do not undergo any changes during the heat treatment of the carbon steel of the pressure vessel to set the required properties and retain their properties.
- the thickness of the second blank is less than that of the first blank and can be between 0.2 and 4 mm.
- the thickness is in particular at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm and is in particular limited to a maximum of 3.5 mm, preferably a maximum of 3 mm.
- the diameter of the blank can vary, in particular between 150 and 800 mm.
- the austenitic steel contains the following chemical elements in % by weight in addition to Fe and impurities that are unavoidable due to production:
- the austenitic steel can contain the following chemical elements in % by weight in addition to Fe and impurities that are unavoidable due to the production process:
- C up to 0.6%, in particular 0.1 to 0.6%
- Si up to 1.5%
- Mn 4.0 to 25.0%, in particular 10.0 to 25.0%
- N up to 0.2%
- Steel containing Mn also medium-manganese steel with Mn contents between 4 and 14% by weight or high-manganese steel with Mn contents between >14 and 25% by weight, has an austenitic structure in the as-delivered condition on.
- components of martensite, tempered martensite and/or ferrite may also be present in the structure, and a remainder of retained austenite and unavoidable impurities.
- the second blank is provided at the same time as the first blank, the wall section is produced from the two blanks by means of pressure rollers to form a pressure vessel preform, and then the neck section is produced from the pressure vessel preform by means of swivel molding to form a pressure vessel.
- the provision of the two blanks has the advantage that a pressure vessel with two layers can be produced in one process, whereby it must be ensured that the two blanks are arranged in such a way that in the finished state the austenitic steel is the inner layer and the carbon steel is the outer layer of the pressure vessel are carried out.
- the second blank can be provided separately, and a wall section can be produced from the second blank by means of spinning rollers to form a pressure vessel preform, with the outer diameter of the pressure vessel blank from the second blank being the same as or smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure vessel preform from the first round produced by means of spinning rollers de, wherein the pressure vessel preform from the second blank is then introduced into the pressure vessel preform from the first blank before the neck section is produced from the pressure vessel preforms by means of swivel molding to form a pressure vessel.
- Other alternatives to flow-forming to produce a pressure vessel preform from the second blank could also be deep drawing or active media-based molding.
- the at least partially, preferably fully hardened, carbon steel of the pressure vessel can then be tempered as part of tempering. Tempering takes place at temperatures between 200 and 500 °C for a period of between 5 s and 30 min, which is accompanied by a reduction in tensile strength but an increase in ductility.
- the quenched and tempered carbon steel of the pressure vessel shows martensitic see structure at least one third, in particular at least half of tempered martensite.
- the pressure vessel produced by the method according to the invention is used for storing pressurized fluids in mobile applications.
- Pressurized fluids are gases or liquids with a pressure of more than 200 bar, which serve as a source of energy to drive a vehicle and must be safely accommodated and stored in the vehicle.
- the gas is hydrogen for hydrogen-powered vehicles or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view for providing a
- Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view for providing a
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic, perspective representation of the heating of the circular blanks before the production of the pressure vessel preform
- Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view for generating the
- Fig. 5 is a schematic, perspective partial representation for generating the
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic, perspective view of the joining of two separately produced pressure vessel preforms
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic side view of a finished pressure vessel.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic, perspective representation for the provision of a first circular blank (1).
- the thickness of the circular blank (1) can be between 6 and 16 mm, for example. Depending on the size of the pressure vessel (10) to be manufactured, the diameter of the blank can vary between 150 and 800 mm.
- the circular blank (1) consists of carbon steel which is hardened and/or chargeable. Steels of quality C22, C45, but also manganese-boron steels such as 22MnB5, 37MnB4 should be mentioned as examples.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective illustration for providing a first blank (1) with a bottom (2).
- the step in FIG. 2 is optional if the finished pressure vessel (10) is not to have a flat bottom (2).
- a base (2) can be formed into the blank (1) in a deep-drawing step, which base points outwards on the finished pressure vessel (10), see FIG alternatively and not shown here, if the installation space does not allow it, the bottom of the finished pressure vessel points inwards.
- the deep-drawing step for optional shaping of the base (2) can take place when the blank (1) is cold or, alternatively, when it is warm, at least when it is warm in the area of the base (2) to be produced, the blank (1).
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic, perspective representation of the heating of the first circular blank (1) before the pressure vessel preform is produced.
- the active heating can be successful at least in some areas, so that at least the areas that still have to be shaped are heated.
- FIG. 3 shows the example of an inductor which only heats the area of the wall section (3) to be completed.
- the blank (1) can also be completely heated in the oven, by means of an inductor or by means of a burner.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic, perspective representation of the production of the pressure vessel preform at different points in time.
- the optional deep-drawing has the advantage that the correspondingly manufactured base (2), which has been placed in particular in the center of the circular blank (1), can serve as a fixation on the spinning chuck.
- the heating or partial heating does not necessarily have to take place outside of the device for flow-forming, but can also take place in the device before and/or during the production of the pressure vessel preform.
- the heating takes place at a temperature of at least 300° C., with the round blank (1) preferably being heated to a temperature between 400 and 800° C., at least in some areas.
- a pressure disk/roller acts, as shown schematically in FIG.
- a second circular blank (1.1) can be made of an austenitic steel, in particular a medium-Mn or high-Mn steel or preferably a Cr-Ni steel, are provided separately, with a wall section (3.1) being produced from the second circular blank (1.1), preferably by means of pressure rollers, to form a pressure vessel preform.
- a base (2.1) can be molded into the second blank (1.1), see Fig. 2, and the second blank (1.1) can also be heated before the pressure vessel preform is produced, see Fig. 3.
- the outer diameter (Da) of the pressure vessel preform from the second blank (1.1) is the same as or smaller than the inner diameter (di) of the pressure vessel preform from the first blank (1) produced by means of spinning rollers, so that the pressure vessel preform from the second blank (1.1) can be inserted into the pressure vessel preform from the first blank (1), see Figure 6, before the neck section (4) is produced from the pressure vessel preforms by means of swivel molding to form a pressure vessel (10).
- the second blank (1.1) can be provided at the same time as the first blank (1) and the wall section (3) can be produced from the two blanks (1, 1.1) by means of pressure rolling to form a pressure vessel preform.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic, perspective partial representation of the production of the pressure vessel preform at different points in time from the two blanks (1, 1.1).
- the two circular blanks (1, 1.1) are arranged in such a way that in the finished state the austenitic steel is the inner layer and the carbon steel is the outer layer of the pressure vessel (10).
- the neck section (4) is formed from the pressure vessel preform into a pressure vessel (10) by swivel molding.
- this step can be performed in a swing former.
- at least the neck section (4) to be produced is heated, preferably to a temperature between 700 and 1100 °C, with an opening (5) being introduced in the course of or subsequent to the pivot forming, cf. figure 7
- the pressure vessel (10) is at least partially heated to a temperature of Acl at which the microstructure of the carbon steel is at least partially converted into Aus tenit and then at least in sections by active cooling of the Art is cooled that the structure at least partially delt umwan in martensite and / or bainite and thereby at least partially a tensile strength R m of at least 1000 MPa in the carbon steel of the pressure vessel (10) is set.
- the pressure vessel (10) is preferably completely heated to at least a temperature of Ac3 and completely actively cooled, so that a homogeneous structure of essentially martensite with a tensile strength of at least 100 MPa, in particular, is formed throughout the carbon steel of the pressure vessel (10). of at least 1100 MPa, preferably at least 1200 MPa, preferably at least 1300 MPa, particularly preferably at least 1400 MPa, further preferably at least 1900 MPa.
- a final quenching and tempering can be carried out to increase the ductility in the carbon steel of the pressure vessel (10).
- the pressure vessel (10) can thus consist of a single layer of carbon steel or, if hydrogen is to be used as the gas, of two individual layers consisting of an outer layer of carbon steel and an inner layer of austenitic steel, preferably stainless steel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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2022
- 2022-04-12 US US18/282,904 patent/US20240165688A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-12 WO PCT/EP2022/059682 patent/WO2022223358A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-04-12 CN CN202280029566.XA patent/CN117203004A/zh active Pending
- 2022-04-12 EP EP22722442.5A patent/EP4326457A1/de active Pending
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CN117203004A (zh) | 2023-12-08 |
EP4326457A1 (de) | 2024-02-28 |
US20240165688A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
DE102021109866B3 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
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