WO2022220014A1 - カロテノイドを生産する微生物 - Google Patents
カロテノイドを生産する微生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022220014A1 WO2022220014A1 PCT/JP2022/012581 JP2022012581W WO2022220014A1 WO 2022220014 A1 WO2022220014 A1 WO 2022220014A1 JP 2022012581 W JP2022012581 W JP 2022012581W WO 2022220014 A1 WO2022220014 A1 WO 2022220014A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cryptoxanthin
- crtw
- bacterium
- culture
- producing
- Prior art date
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- 235000002360 beta-cryptoxanthin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 177
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P23/00—Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12N15/01—Preparation of mutants without inserting foreign genetic material therein; Screening processes therefor
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- C12Y—ENZYMES
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bacterium that produces at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, ⁇ -carotene and zeaxanthin, or a method for producing the carotenoid.
- the present invention also relates to a ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium or a method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- Carotenoids are natural pigments that are useful as feed additives, food additives, and pharmaceuticals.
- Carotenoids include, for example, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, phenoxanthin, adonixanthin, echinenone, asteroidenone and 3-hydroxyechinenone.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- Non-Patent Document 2 Non-Patent Document 2
- ⁇ -Cryptoxanthin is also known to be used as a health food material and feed compounding agent.
- carotenoids such as zeaxanthin and ⁇ -cryptoxanthin are added to poultry feed such as chickens, and when the feed is fed to poultry, they accumulate in egg yolks. Since these carotenoids have effective physiological actions, egg yolks in which these carotenoids are accumulated are useful as functional eggs.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing carotenoids such as zeaxanthin using Paracoccus bacteria. This production method produces not only zeaxanthin but also ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, but the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced per culture medium or relative to the total amount of carotenoids is not sufficient.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses a method for producing zeaxanthin using Paracoccus bacteria. The production amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin obtained by the method of Patent Document 2 is also not sufficient.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research and found a method for producing at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, wherein the production efficiency of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is improved. found a way. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a method for producing at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin by culturing Paracoccus bacteria comprising: Including adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium measured by the dissolved oxygen electrode to 0.8 ppm or less, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated and is incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme.
- the above method which is a bacterium.
- a method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin by culturing Paracoccus bacteria comprising: Including adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium measured by the dissolved oxygen electrode to 0.8 ppm or less, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated and is incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme.
- the above method which is a bacterium.
- a method for producing at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin A step of culturing Paracoccus bacteria in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less, The dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture solution is measured by a dissolved oxygen electrode, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color, such as yellow; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated to produce a functional crtW enzyme.
- a method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin comprising: A step of culturing Paracoccus bacteria in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less, The dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture solution is measured by a dissolved oxygen electrode, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color, such as yellow; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated to produce a functional crtW enzyme.
- a method for producing at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, (a) Proliferate Paracoccus bacteria in the culture solution, or until the turbidity of the culture solution measured at a measurement wavelength of 610 nm increases by 5 or more compared to the turbidity at the start of the first culture step.
- a first culturing step of culturing (b) after the first culturing step, including a second culturing step of culturing the Paracoccus bacterium in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less,
- the dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture solution is measured by a dissolved oxygen electrode, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated and is incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme.
- the above method which is a bacterium.
- [3]' A method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, comprising: (a) Proliferate Paracoccus bacteria in the culture solution, or until the turbidity of the culture solution measured at a measurement wavelength of 610 nm increases by 5 or more compared to the turbidity at the start of the first culture step.
- a first culturing step of culturing (b) after the first culturing step, including a second culturing step of culturing the Paracoccus bacterium in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less,
- the dissolved oxygen concentration of the culture solution is measured by a dissolved oxygen electrode, said Paracoccus bacterium is a bacterium that forms colonies exhibiting a yellow to orange color; or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated and is incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme.
- the above method which is a bacterium.
- the present invention can provide a bacterium that produces at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
- the present invention increases the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced by culturing bacteria that produce at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at a predetermined dissolved oxygen concentration. can be improved.
- FIG. 1 shows the biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing carotenoids.
- Carotenoids produced by the method of the present invention include at least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
- the carotenoid is ⁇ -cryptoxanthin
- the present invention relates to methods of producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin. That is, the present invention involves culturing a bacterium that produces ⁇ -cryptoxanthin (hereinafter also referred to as "the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention") at a dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 0.8 ppm or less, and producing ⁇ -carotene.
- DO dissolved oxygen concentration
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention which is referred to as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium for convenience, is capable of producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, ⁇ -carotene and zeaxanthin.
- the yield of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is high compared to the case of culturing without adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration to 0.8 ppm or less, for example, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin of 10 mg / L or more per culture solution Can produce xanthine.
- the production method of the present invention includes a method for increasing the production of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- the present invention can also be practiced in yeast that produces at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
- a person skilled in the art can apply the description of the specification regarding bacteria to yeast as appropriate.
- the bacterium used as the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it produces ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin or zeaxanthin.
- genus bacteria genus bacteria
- Paracoccus bacteria include, for example, Paracoccus carotinifaciens, Paracoccus marcusii, Paracoccus haeundaensis, and Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens.
- the Paracoccus bacterium preferably used in the present invention is Paracoccus carotinifaciens.
- Paracoccus bacteria include Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396 strain (FERM BP-4283) and Paracoccus bacteria A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671).
- these strains that form red colonies are mutated to form yellow to orange colonies, or the endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated.
- Mutant strains that have been modified and are unable to produce a functional crtW enzyme are preferably used as the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria of the present invention.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is not produced, or even if it is produced, the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced is very small. A large amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is produced regardless of the dissolved oxygen concentration at that time.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is a bacterium that forms yellow to orange colonies.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention has the endogenous crtW gene partially or completely deleted or inactivated and has a functional crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene It is a bacterium incapable of producing tolases.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is, for example, a bacterium of the genus Paracoccus that has been mutated from an astaxanthin-producing bacterium so as to produce a larger amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin than the bacterium before the mutation.
- a bacterium of the genus Paracoccus that has been mutated from an astaxanthin-producing bacterium so as to produce a larger amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin than the bacterium before the mutation.
- examples of such bacteria include bacteria that produce a higher amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin relative to the total amount of carotenoids produced than the bacterium before mutation.
- Such ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria are included in the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin using ⁇ -carotene as a starting material.
- the carotenoids shown in FIG. 1 all have the same number of carbon-carbon double bonds.
- ⁇ -carotene ketolase ⁇ -carotene ketolase
- the color of the carotenoids changes from yellow-orange to red (“ketolation” in FIG. 1).
- Bacteria that produce a functional crtW enzyme i.e., a crtW enzyme that has the ability to add ketones
- the formed colonies also have a red color.
- bacteria that form colonies exhibiting a yellow-orange color do not produce ketone-tagged carotenoids. This means that bacteria forming colonies exhibiting a yellow-orange color do not produce a functional crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene ketolase).
- an astaxanthin-producing bacterium can be used as a parent strain when obtaining a ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium. Since the crtW enzyme functions normally in astaxanthin-producing bacteria, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is not produced or, if it is produced, its production amount is very small. That is, in bacteria that produce astaxanthin, the crtW enzyme responsible for adding ketones functions more favorably than the hydroxylase (or because the reaction rate of the crtW enzyme is significantly faster than the reaction rate of the hydroxylase), resulting in astaxanthin production.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention does not have crtW enzymatic activity, ⁇ -carotene, which is the starting material in the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway, is hydroxylated to produce ⁇ -cryptoxanthin. (See FIG. 1).
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced can likewise be hydroxylated and converted to zeaxanthin. Therefore, the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention can produce ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, ⁇ -carotene and zeaxanthin.
- the crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene ketolase) of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention does not function (non-functional), or the inability of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium to produce a functional crtW enzyme is determined by the fact that the crtW enzyme can be confirmed by measuring the enzymatic activity of
- the crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene ketolase) of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention does not function (non-functional), or the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium cannot produce a functional crtW enzyme, It can be confirmed by measurement by HPLC or the like that ketone-added carotenoids such as astaxanthin, adonirubin, adonixanthin, etc.
- the crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene ketolase) of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention does not function (non-functional), or that the bacterium is unable to produce a functional crtW enzyme, is the color of the formed colony. However, it can also be confirmed by visually observing that it develops a yellow to orange color. Furthermore, it was confirmed by genetic analysis that the crtW enzyme ( ⁇ -carotene ketolase) of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention does not function (non-functional) or that the bacterium cannot produce a functional crtW enzyme. It can also be confirmed from the nucleotide sequence of the crtW gene or the amino acid sequence of the crtW enzyme.
- Mutation of ⁇ -Cryptoxanthin-Producing Bacteria A method of mutating an astaxanthin-producing bacterium to obtain the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is exemplified below.
- a mutant strain obtained by mutagenizing an astaxanthin-producing bacterium can be used as the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention.
- Such mutants include, for example, the mutants described in WO2011/122616 and the mutants described in JP-A-2005-87097.
- the parent strain for the mutation may be any bacterium that produces astaxanthin, but preferably a bacterium of the genus Paracoccus is used.
- Paracoccus carotinifaciens, Paracoccus marcusii, Paracoccus haeundaensis, and Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens are among the paracoccus bacteria that produce astaxanthin. It is preferably used, and Paracoccus carotinifaciens is particularly preferably used.
- Examples of specific strains of Paracoccus bacteria include Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396 strain (FERM BP-4283) and Paracoccus bacteria A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671), and these strains are mutated.
- Mutant strains are also preferably used as parent strains.
- the astaxanthin-producing bacterium used as the mutation parent strain preferably includes a bacterium in which the base sequence of the DNA corresponding to the 16S ribosomal RNA is substantially the same as the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7.
- the DNA nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 is the DNA nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 16S ribosomal RNA of strain E-396.
- substantially identical means that the nucleotide sequence is 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, taking into account the error frequency in determining the DNA base sequence. % or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or 100% identical.
- the method of mutating astaxanthin-producing bacteria is not particularly limited as long as it induces mutation.
- chemical methods with mutagens such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), physical methods such as ultraviolet irradiation and X-ray irradiation, genetic recombination and Biological methods and the like using transposons and the like can be used.
- NTG N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- EMS ethyl methanesulfonate
- physical methods such as ultraviolet irradiation and X-ray irradiation
- transposons and the like can be used.
- it may be a spontaneous mutation that occurs naturally.
- the mutagenesis treatment may be performed once, or two or more mutagenesis treatments may be performed, such as obtaining a mutant
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention functions because the originally endogenous crtW gene is partially or completely deleted or inactivated. unable to produce the correct crtW enzyme. Such deletion or inactivation may target the coding sequence of the crtW gene and/or the promoter that drives expression of the crtW gene.
- deletion or inactivation of the crtW gene includes missense mutations (mutations to other amino acids due to base substitution), nonsense mutations (mutations to stop codons), frameshift mutations (insertion of bases into the gene and/or deletions), in-frame mutations, etc., but are not limited to deletions or inactivations that cannot result in the production of a functional crtW enzyme.
- crtW enzyme or " ⁇ -carotene ketolase” is an enzyme that participates in a reaction that introduces a ketone into the terminal ring structure ( ⁇ -ionone ring) of carotenoids.
- the endogenous crtW gene and crtW enzyme of bacteria eg, bacteria of the genus Paracoccus, are known to those skilled in the art and can be used as appropriate for the present invention by those skilled in the art.
- the crtW enzyme nucleotide sequence (crtW gene) and amino acid sequence of Paracoccus carotinifaciens are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2, respectively.
- the crtW gene has a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80% identical, such as at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or more identical to SEQ ID NO:1. good too.
- the crtW gene has an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, such as at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or more identical to SEQ ID NO:2. It may have an encoding base sequence.
- the crtW enzyme is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1, e.g. It may have an amino acid sequence encoded.
- the crtW enzyme has an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, such as at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or more identical to SEQ ID NO:2.
- the proteins or crtW enzymes encoded by these mutant crtW genes have ⁇ -carotene ketolase activity.
- amino acids involved in the function of the crtW enzyme are known.
- amino acids such as H65 (histidine at position 65 in the amino acid sequence), H69, H103, H106, H107, H184, H218, H219, H221, H222, D117, F130, etc. of the crtW enzyme are fully or partially responsible for the activity of the crtW enzyme.
- Rick et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Sep;72(9):5829-37.
- Rick et al. reported that a bacterium with a mutated crtW enzyme produced an increased proportion of zeaxanthin.
- deletion or inactivation of the crtW gene involves mutation of the gene such that these amino acids are mutated to alanine or amino acids of different nature. Mutations to amino acids with different properties include mutations of basic amino acids (such as histidine) to neutral amino acids (such as tyrosine) or acidic amino acids, mutations of acidic amino acids (such as aspartic acid) to neutral or basic amino acids, Mutations from neutral amino acids (the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine) to acidic or basic amino acids are included.
- basic amino acids such as histidine
- neutral amino acids such as tyrosine
- acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid
- the partially or completely deleted or inactivated crtW gene of the present invention is, for example, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 5 or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 6. Sequences include, but are not limited to.
- the partially or completely deleted or inactivated crtW enzyme of the present invention is, for example, the amino acid sequence encoded by the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or 5 or SEQ ID NO: 4 or 6 amino acid sequences, but is not limited to these.
- the ZXA-3 strain was confirmed to have mutations at the same sites as the ZXA-23 strain.
- the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of crtW of strain ZXA-3 are SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
- the activity of the crtW enzyme can be indirectly determined using, for example, gene sequencing. In this way partial or complete deletions or inactivating mutations can be readily identified.
- the term "inability to produce a functional crtW enzyme” means no or substantially no activity of the crtW enzyme. More specifically, the term “incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme” means that the crtW enzymatic activity is less than 20% of the crtW enzymatic activity of the astaxanthin-producing bacterium.
- the crtW enzymatic activity of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria of the present invention is less than 20%, less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, even more preferably 1% of the wild-type crtW enzymatic activity.
- crtW enzymatic activity means the ability to add ketones to carotenoids, e.g., the activity of converting ⁇ -carotene to echinenone, the activity of converting echinenone to canthaxanthin, the activity of converting ⁇ -cryptoxanthin to asteroidenone.
- activity activity to convert ⁇ -cryptoxanthin to 3-hydroxyechinenone, activity to convert 3-hydroxyechinenone to adonibin, activity to convert zeaxanthin to adonixanthin, activity to convert astroidenone to adonibin , the activity of converting adonixanthin to astaxanthin.
- bacteria incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme are obtained by any means known in the art using molecular biological methods, or mutated It can be obtained by screening the body.
- the endogenous crtW gene of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention or the promoter under which crtW is expressed is partially or completely deleted or inactivated such that it is incapable of producing a functional crtW enzyme.
- Gene disruption techniques that are known in the art can be used.
- the coding region of the endogenous crtW gene can be wholly or partially removed or inactivated, or the promoter region can be wholly or partially removed or inactivated by mutagenesis.
- the endogenous crtW gene may be knock-in mutated, thereby disrupting the endogenous coding sequence.
- premature stop codons or frameshift mutations can be introduced.
- the crtW gene can contain missense or nonsense mutations so long as no or substantially no functional crtW enzyme is produced.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria of the present invention include bacteria that are unable to produce a functional crtW enzyme as described above, and those skilled in the art can produce them based on the common general knowledge in the field.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention can be obtained.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention theoretically produces a large amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, regardless of the dissolved oxygen concentration during cultivation, as compared with the bacterium before mutation (for example, the parent strain). .
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is expected to produce a higher amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin relative to the total amount of carotenoids produced than the bacterium before mutation.
- the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced can be measured by analyzing the amount of carotenoids in the culture solution obtained by culturing the target bacterium.
- the culture method may be any method such as shaking culture in a test tube, flask or the like, or aeration stirring culture. Any method for analyzing carotenoid compounds can be used as long as it can separate and detect carotenoid compounds. For example, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, and the like can be used.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by selecting mutant strains that produce a high ratio of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin to total carotenoids.
- the total amount of carotenoids means the total amount of carotenoids such as astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, adonixanthin, ⁇ -carotene, echinenone, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, 3-hydroxyechinenone, asteroidenone and adonirubine.
- the minimum condition is that the ratio of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is higher than the production ratio of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin of the bacterium (for example, the parent strain) before mutation.
- astaxanthin-producing bacteria can be used as bacteria before mutation, but in general, astaxanthin-producing bacteria do not produce ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, or if they do, the production amount is extremely small.
- an example of the amount of carotenoid produced by culturing an astaxanthin-producing bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus is shown below. Culture of bacteria and measurement of carotenoids were carried out in the same manner as described in Examples.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention can be efficiently selected by forming colonies on an agar medium after the mutation treatment of (1) or (2) and selecting yellow to orange colonies. is. Since ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria form yellow to orange colonies, by selecting yellow to orange colonies, the desired ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium (the ⁇ - Cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria) can be efficiently selected.
- the selected colony is cultured in a test tube, flask, or the like, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is quantified, and the production amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is determined.
- the color of the colonies to be selected is yellow, orange, or a color between yellow and orange, which is clearly different from the red color of colonies of bacteria that produce astaxanthin, etc. Therefore, this method can be used to easily and reliably identify target bacteria. can be selected to
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention has an endogenous crtW gene partially or completely deleted or inactivated compared to the bacterium (eg, parent strain) before mutation. , unable to produce a functional crtW enzyme. Partial or complete deletion or inactivation of the endogenous crtW gene can be confirmed by analysis of the crtW gene contained in the bacterium. Analysis can be performed using known techniques such as gene sequencing, RT-PCR, real-time PCR analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, and the like.
- the inability to produce a functional crtW enzyme can be confirmed by confirming the expression of the crtW enzyme by Western blot analysis, immunostaining, etc., or by measuring the crtW enzyme activity such as by measuring the amount of keto carotenoid produced. can do.
- the production method of the present invention involves culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention under a predetermined dissolved oxygen concentration, and producing at least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. of carotenoids.
- the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin by culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention including adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium to 0.8 ppm or less or a step of culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention in a culture medium having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less, ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -
- a method for producing at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin is disclosed.
- the carotenoid produced by the production method of the present invention is one or more carotenoids selected from ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
- the carotenoid produced in the production method of the present invention is ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture of the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is adjusted to a low level of 0.8 ppm or less, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin is efficiently produced, and the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced per culture medium is high.
- the concentration of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin relative to the total carotenoids produced is increased.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and ⁇ -carotene are efficiently produced.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium is 0.8 ppm or less, preferably 0.7 ppm or less, more preferably 0.6 ppm or less, and still more preferably 0.5 ppm or less, Most preferably, it is adjusted to 0.4 ppm or less.
- the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin per culture medium can be increased.
- the values of "%" and “ppm” refer to volume ratios, and "1 ppm” is synonymous with "1 mg/L”.
- the mass of culture medium is approximately equal to the mass of water with the same volume, and when both are equal, the value "ppm” means mass ratio, and "1 ppm” means the same as “1 mg/kg”.
- Dissolved oxygen in the culture medium is measured with a dissolved oxygen electrode.
- the dissolved oxygen electrode can be measured using, for example, Marubishi Bioengineering Co., Ltd. model number: OX-2500.
- the dissolved oxygen electrode is calibrated with an oxygen content of 100% when left in the atmosphere for 5 minutes and an oxygen content of 0% when left in a 50 g/L sodium sulfite aqueous solution for 5 minutes. Since the dissolved oxygen concentration in water under the atmosphere reaches an equilibrium state at 8 ppm, the oxygen content of 100% when left in the atmosphere for 5 minutes is converted to a dissolved oxygen concentration of 8 ppm in water. Adjustment of the dissolved oxygen concentration is controlled by a method commonly used in culture.
- the method of automatically adjusting the flow rate of air or oxygen supplied to the culture tank, the dissolved oxygen in the culture solution measured by the dissolved oxygen electrode A method of automatically adjusting the rotation speed or number of rotations of the stirring blades according to the concentration, or a method of adjusting both the air flow rate and the rotation speed or number of rotations can be used.
- the medium used for culturing in this method (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ -cryptoxanthin production medium”) is the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention when cultured at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less grows and produces ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- a medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and, if necessary, vitamins and the like is preferably used.
- carbon sources examples include sugars such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, trehalose, mannose, mannitol and maltose, organic acids such as acetic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, propionic acid, malic acid, malonic acid and pyruvic acid.
- alcohols such as , ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, isobutanol and glycenol
- oils and fats such as soybean oil, bran oil, olive oil, corn oil, sesame oil and linseed oil; Claus is used.
- these carbon sources can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of carbon source to be added to the medium (initial medium) before culture varies depending on the type of carbon source and may be adjusted appropriately, but is usually 1 to 100 g, preferably 2 to 50 g per liter of medium.
- the carbon source is preferably added not only to the starting medium, but also sequentially or continuously during the culture.
- inorganic nitrogen sources include ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphate; nitrates such as potassium nitrate; ammonia and urea; can.
- the amount to be added varies depending on the type of nitrogen source and may be adjusted appropriately, but is usually 0.1 g to 20 g, preferably 0.2 to 10 g, per 1 L of medium.
- Organic nitrogen sources include, for example, corn steep liquor (including filtered products), pharmacomedia, soybean meal, soybean flour, peanut meal, monosodium glutamate, distiller's solubles and dry yeast, and one of these Alternatively, two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- the concentration to be added varies depending on the type of nitrogen source and may be adjusted appropriately, but is usually 0 to 80 g/L, preferably 0 to 30 g/L in the medium.
- Inorganic nitrogen sources and organic nitrogen sources are usually added to the starting medium, but it is also preferable to additionally supply them sequentially or continuously.
- inorganic salts include phosphates such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate; magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride; iron salts such as iron sulfate and iron chloride; Calcium salts such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, sodium salts such as sodium carbonate and sodium chloride, manganese salts such as manganese sulfate, cobalt salts such as cobalt chloride, copper salts such as copper sulfate, zinc salts such as zinc sulfate, molybdic acid molybdenum salts such as sodium; nickel salts such as nickel sulfate; selenium salts such as sodium selenate; The amount to be added varies depending on the type of inorganic salt and may be adjusted appropriately, but is usually 0.0001 to 15 g per 1 L of medium.
- the concentration in the medium is preferably 0.02 to 15 g/L, manganese salts, cobalt salts, copper salts, zinc salts, molybdenum salts, nickel salts, When adding selenium salts, boric acid, potassium iodide, etc., the preferred concentration is 0.1 to 15 mg/L.
- Inorganic salts are usually added to the starting medium, but may be supplemented sequentially or continuously.
- vitamins for example, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, ascorbic acid, folic acid, niacin, p-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, choline, biotin, etc. can be used.
- the addition ratio varies depending on the type of vitamins and may be adjusted as appropriate.
- Vitamins are usually added to the starting medium, but may be supplemented sequentially or continuously.
- an antifoaming agent is preferably used to suppress foaming of the culture solution.
- Any type of antifoaming agent may be used as long as it has the effect of suppressing the generation of foams or erasing the generated foams and has little inhibitory effect on the producing bacteria.
- alcohol antifoaming agents, polyether antifoaming agents, ester antifoaming agents, fatty acid antifoaming agents, silicon antifoaming agents, sulfonic acid antifoaming agents and the like can be used.
- the amount of antifoaming agent to be added varies depending on the type of antifoaming agent and may be adjusted appropriately, but is usually 0.01 g to 10 g per 1 L of medium.
- Antifoaming agents are usually added to the starting medium before sterilization. Furthermore, an additional antifoaming agent may be added continuously or intermittently during the culture. Methods for adding antifoaming agents during cultivation include, for example, automatic addition after detecting bubbles with a sensor, addition at regular intervals using a program timer, feeding carbon sources and nitrogen feeds in conjunction with the growth rate. and a method of mixing with a source or a pH adjuster and the like.
- the antifoaming agent added to the starting medium and the antifoaming agent added to the culture medium during the culture may be of the same type, but different types may be used according to their actions.
- the pH of the medium at the start of culture is adjusted to 2-12, preferably 6-9, more preferably 6.5-8.0. It is preferable to maintain the pH within the above range during the culture.
- a method for maintaining the pH a method of measuring the pH of the culture solution online with a pH electrode installed in the fermenter and automatically supplying alkali is preferable.
- pH adjusters include sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, ammonia water, ammonia gas, sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and mixtures thereof.
- the medium is used for culturing bacteria after being sterilized.
- the sterilization treatment can be appropriately performed by those skilled in the art.
- media in suitable containers may be heat sterilized in an autoclave.
- it may be sterilized by filtration through a sterilizing filter.
- it may be sterilized by jacket heating and steam blowing.
- a carbon source such as glucose may be sterilized separately because it turns brown when heat sterilized together with other medium components.
- Vitamins and trace metals may be heat sterilized together with the main medium, but may be sterilized separately to prevent deactivation and precipitation.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria are inoculated into the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing medium prepared as described above and cultured under predetermined conditions. Inoculation may be performed by appropriately increasing the strain by seed culture using a test tube, flask, fermenter, or the like, and adding the obtained culture solution to the medium for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin (main culture).
- Seed culture may be performed before main culture, and seed culture can be performed according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the medium used for seed culture is not particularly limited as long as it allows the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria to grow well.
- Cultivation is carried out in an appropriate culture vessel.
- the culture vessel can be appropriately selected according to the culture capacity, and examples thereof include test tubes, flasks, and fermenters.
- the culture temperature is, for example, 15-40°C, preferably 20-35°C, more preferably 25-32°C.
- the culture period is usually 1 to 20 days, preferably 1 to 12 days, more preferably 2 to 8 days, particularly preferably 3 to 7 days.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is cultured under aerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions include, for example, shaking culture, aeration stirring culture, and the like. In the main culture, the dissolved oxygen concentration is adjusted as described above. After starting the main culture, the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is cultured under aerobic conditions until it grows sufficiently (first culture step). Culturing under aerobic conditions (first culturing step) takes 5 to 80 hours, preferably 10 to 70 hours, 10 to 60 hours, more preferably 10 to 80 hours after initiation of culture in a medium for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin. It is carried out for 50 hours, more preferably 10 to 40 hours, more preferably 10 to 36 hours.
- the first culturing step may be carried out for 20-80 hours, 20-60 hours, 20-40 hours, 20-36 hours.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration at this time is 0.8 ppm or higher, for example, 1 ppm or higher, preferably 1.5 ppm or higher, and more preferably 2 ppm or higher.
- the first culturing step can be continued until the turbidity of the culture solution measured at a measurement wavelength of 610 nm increases by at least 5 or more compared to the turbidity at the start of the first culturing step. .
- the increase in turbidity from the start of the first culture step is at least 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more, 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, 18 or more , 19 or more, or 20 or more.
- the rate of increase in turbidity is high, in which case the increase in turbidity is about 20-400.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration is not maintained at 0.8 ppm or less as described above, and the dissolved oxygen concentration gradually decreases from the start of the culture, and then rises after reaching a decreasing peak.
- the first culturing step may continue until the dissolved oxygen concentration is lowest.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention After the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention has grown sufficiently, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin can be efficiently produced by culturing the culture medium under conditions where the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.8 ppm or less (Section two culture steps). If the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is cultured at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less before it grows sufficiently, the bacterium will not grow sufficiently, which may lead to a decrease in the yield of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin can be efficiently produced by growing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention in a culture solution and then culturing it in a culture solution containing 0.8 ppm or less of dissolved oxygen. can.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is 5 to 200 hours, preferably 10 to 150 hours, more preferably 10 to 100 hours, 20 to 80 hours, It can be cultured for 30 to 60 hours, 40 to 60 hours, eg 40 hours. During this period of culture, the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained at 0.8 ppm or less.
- the method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin of the present invention is (i) The ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention grown or the ⁇ of the present invention in which the turbidity of the culture solution measured at a measurement wavelength of 610 nm has increased by 5 or more compared to the turbidity at the start of the first culture step - Adjust the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture solution of cryptoxanthin-producing bacteria to 0.8 ppm or less, (ii) culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less; A second culturing step can be included. At least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin is produced by the above method.
- the method for producing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin of the present invention comprises (a) growing Paracoccus bacteria in a culture solution, or measuring the turbidity of the culture solution at a measurement wavelength of 610 nm, a first culturing step of culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention until the turbidity increases by 5 or more compared to the turbidity at the start of the first culturing step; (b) a second culturing step of culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention in a culture solution having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.8 ppm or less after the first culturing step; and At least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin is produced by the above method.
- ⁇ -cryptoxanthin By culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention as described above, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin can be produced efficiently.
- the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin finally obtained in the culture solution after completion of the culture can be 10 mg/L or more, 15 mg/L or more, or 20 mg/L or more per culture solution.
- the production concentration of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin relative to the total amount of carotenoids in the finally obtained culture solution after completion of the culture may be 3.5% by mass or more, 4% by mass or more, or 4.5% by mass or more.
- Carotenoids in the culture solution obtained by culturing the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention or carotenoids collected from the culture solution can be quantified, for example, by high-performance liquid chromatography.
- the production method of the present invention can further include a step of recovering at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin from the culture.
- the ⁇ -cryptoxanthin-producing bacterium of the present invention is cultured as described above, and the resulting culture medium may be used as it is as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin or a carotenoid containing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, or
- culture supernatants, cell concentrates (cell concentrates), wet cells, dried cells, cell lysates, etc. may be prepared and these preparations may be used.
- carotenoids such as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin can be collected from these culture solutions or preparations by extraction, purification, and the like.
- the culture supernatant can be prepared by centrifuging or filtering the culture solution to remove the bacterial cells from the culture solution.
- a bacterial cell concentrate (bacterial cell concentrate) can be obtained by centrifuging, concentrating by membrane filtration, or decanting the culture solution.
- Wet cells can be obtained by centrifuging or filtering the culture solution.
- Dried cells can be obtained by drying a culture medium, wet cells or a cell concentrate (cell concentrate) by a general drying method.
- the pH of the culture solution is not particularly limited in the process of obtaining the bacterial cell concentrate, but the culture solution may be acidified in order to facilitate sedimentation of carotenoids.
- the acidic condition may be any pH within the acidic range, preferably pH 6.5 or less, more preferably pH 5.5 or less, and still more preferably pH 5.0 or less.
- water may be added during operations such as centrifugation, filtration separation, and decantation.
- the centrifuge used for centrifugation may be a continuous type or a batch type, but the continuous type is preferably used.
- Examples of the type of centrifuge include basket type, multi-chamber type, decanter type, disc type (nozzle type, disludge type), tubular type, and rotor type centrifuges.
- the membrane filtration device used for filtration separation may be of the static type or the cross-flow type, but the cross-flow type is preferable because it is easy to prevent clogging.
- membrane materials include filter paper, filter cloth, chemical fibers, and ceramics.
- drying method is not particularly limited, examples thereof include spray drying, fluidized drying, spray fluidized granulation drying, drum drying, and freeze drying. It is also preferable to pulverize the dried cells in order to finely powder them after drying.
- the method of pulverization is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include beater mill, hammer mill, ball mill, bead mill and the like.
- a preparation such as a carotenoid such as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin or a carotenoid-containing dry cell composition containing ⁇ -cryptoxanthin obtained in this way can be used as it is, for example, as an additive for feed or food. .
- the method for collecting carotenoids such as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin or carotenoids from the culture solution or preparation is not particularly limited, and any method that stably and efficiently collects carotenoids may be used. These methods can be appropriately selected from known extraction and purification techniques by those skilled in the art.
- the obtained extracts, preparations, purified products, etc. can be used individually as carotenoids such as ⁇ -cryptoxanthin or carotenoids, or they can be used by mixing them at any ratio.
- All five strains obtained produced ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, ⁇ -carotene and zeaxanthin when cultured without adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration to 0.8 ppm or less (“3”).
- the 185 strains obtained in the same manner were also cultured in a 5 L volume culture tank (12 strains) or test tube level (185 strains) without adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration to 0.8 ppm or less. - was confirmed to produce cryptoxanthin, ⁇ -carotene and zeaxanthin.
- the strain obtained in "1" above was cultured as follows.
- seed culture The composition of the medium used for seed culture is as follows: sucrose 30 g/L, corn steep liquor 15 g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.8 g/L, 0.3 g/L calcium chloride dihydrate, 14.3 g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.3 g/L iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1 g/L defoamer, pH 7.2.
- Two liters of the medium having the above composition was placed in a 5-liter culture vessel (jar fermenter) and steam sterilized at 121° C.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration was adjusted by interlocking the dissolved oxygen electrode and the stirring blade motor, and automatically adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring blade according to the dissolved oxygen concentration value. Also, the minimum rotation speed of the stirring blade was set to 455 rpm.
- the pH during cultivation was controlled at 7.0 to 7.4 by continuously dropping 14% aqueous ammonia. Since glucose is consumed with growth, it was added so that the glucose concentration in the culture medium was maintained at 5 to 30 g/L. A portion of the culture solution that had been kept at 0.8 ppm or less for 40 to 60 hours was sampled for measuring the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- the composition of the chromogenic medium is shown below: glucose 40 g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 5.7 g/L, ammonium sulfate 2.3 g/L, sodium L-glutamate 1 Hydrate 6 g/L, Calcium chloride dihydrate 1.0 g/L, Sodium chloride 3 g/L, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 4.5 g/L, Iron sulfate heptahydrate 1.0 g/L, Sulfuric acid Manganese pentahydrate 0.1 mg/L, boric acid 5 mg/L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 1.4 mg/L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 2.3 mg/L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.1 mg/L.
- Dissolved oxygen was measured using the following equipment.
- DO measuring device Model number OX-2500 manufactured by Marubishi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
- the turbidity of the culture solution was measured as follows. The turbidity of the culture solution is measured with a general-purpose spectrophotometer. The turbidity can be measured, for example, using a product manufactured by Elma Sales Company (model number: AE-450). The turbidity is calculated from the absorbance by using a quartz cuvette with an optical path length of 1 cm, setting the measurement wavelength to 610 nm. Calibrate the measured value of water as 0. Absorbance takes a value between 0 and 1, but if the value is too close to 1, it may not be measured correctly. then measure. The turbidity of the diluted culture solution is calculated by correcting the absorbance obtained by the measurement by multiplying it by the dilution factor.
- the measured carotenoids were all ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, and no production of adonixanthin or asaxanthin was detected.
- the 65th histidine in the CrtW enzyme amino acid sequence has been shown to be important for CrtW enzyme activity (Rick et al., Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Sep;72(9):5829-37).
- the positively charged basic amino acid histidine is mutated to the uncharged neutral amino acid tyrosine, which is presumed to significantly impair the enzymatic activity.
- the present invention can provide a bacterium that produces at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.
- the present invention increases the amount of ⁇ -cryptoxanthin produced by culturing bacteria that produce at least one carotenoid selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at a predetermined dissolved oxygen concentration. can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
パラコッカス属細菌を培養してβ-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
溶存酸素電極により測定した培養液中の溶存酸素濃度を0.8ppm以下に調整することを含み、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[1]’
パラコッカス属細菌を培養してβ-クリプトキサンチンを製造する方法であって、
溶存酸素電極により測定した培養液中の溶存酸素濃度を0.8ppm以下に調整することを含み、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[2]
β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色、例えば黄色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[2]’
β-クリプトキサンチンを製造する方法であって、
パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色、例えば黄色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[3]
β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
(a)培養液中でパラコッカス属細菌を増殖させる、または培養液を測定波長610nmで測定した濁度が、第一培養工程開始時の濁度と比較して5以上増加するまでパラコッカス属細菌を培養する第一培養工程と、
(b)第一培養工程終了後、前記パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する第二培養工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[3]’
β-クリプトキサンチンを製造する方法であって、
(a)培養液中でパラコッカス属細菌を増殖させる、または培養液を測定波長610nmで測定した濁度が、第一培養工程開始時の濁度と比較して5以上増加するまでパラコッカス属細菌を培養する第一培養工程と、
(b)第一培養工程終了後、前記パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する第二培養工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。
[4]
前記第二培養工程の培養時間が10時間以上100時間以下である、[3]または[3]’に記載の方法。
[5]
前記第一培養工程の培養時間が10時間以上70時間以下である、[3]、[3]’または[4]に記載の方法。
[6]
黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌が、赤色を呈するコロニーを形成するパラコッカス属細菌を変異処理し、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを選択することにより取得されるものである、[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[6]’
黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌が、パラコッカス属細菌を変異処理し、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを選択することにより取得されるものであり、かつ、黄色~橙色を呈さないコロニーを形成する細菌と比較して向上したβ-クリプトキサンチンの生産性を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[7]
前記内因性crtW遺伝子が、配列番号1で表される塩基配列に少なくとも90%同一な塩基配列を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[8]
前記crtW酵素が、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%同一なアミノ酸配列を含む[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[9]
β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドが、β-クリプトキサンチンである、[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[10]
内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能である、パラコッカス属細菌。
[10]のパラコッカス属細菌は、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイド又はβ-クリプトキサンチンを生産することができる。また、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成することができる。
また、本発明の別の実施態様において、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌は、内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素(β-カロテンケトラーゼ)を産生することが不可能な細菌である。
別の態様において、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌は、例えば、アスタキサンチンを生産する細菌を変異させ、変異前の細菌と比較してβ-クリプトキサンチンを多量に生産するようにしたパラコッカス属細菌を用いることができる。このような細菌として、例えば、生産される総カロテノイド量に対するβ-クリプトキサンチン産生量が変異前の細菌よりも高い細菌が挙げられる。
このようなβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌は本発明に含まれる。
(1)突然変異
アスタキサンチン生産細菌を変異処理し、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を取得する方法を以下に例示する。
本発明において、アスタキサンチン生産細菌を変異処理した変異株を、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌として用いることができる。このような変異株としては、例えばWO2011/122616に記載の変異株、特開2005-87097に記載の変異株が挙げられる。
一態様において、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌は、元来有する内因性のcrtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化されるために、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することができない。このような欠失または不活性化は、crtW遺伝子のコード配列およびcrtW遺伝子を発現させるプロモーターの少なくともいずれかを標的とし得る。例えば、crtW遺伝子の欠失または不活性化は、ミスセンス変異(塩基置換による他アミノ酸への変異)、ナンセンス変異(終止コドンへの変異)、フレームシフト変異(遺伝子中への塩基の挿入及び/又は欠失)、インフレーム変異等を包含するが、結果として機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することができない欠失または不活性化であればよく、これに限定されない。
「crtW酵素活性」は、カロテノイドにケトンを付加する能力を意味し、例えば、β-カロテンをエキネノンに変換する活性、エキネノンをカンタキサンチンに変換する活性、β-クリプトキサンチンをアステロイデノンに変換する活性、β-クリプトキサンチンを3-ヒドロキシエキネノンに変換する活性、3-ヒドロキシエキネノンをアドニルビンに変換する活性、ゼアキサンチンをアドニキサンチンに変換する活性、アストロイデノンをアドニルビンに変換する活性、アドニキサンチンをアスタキサンチンに変換する活性が含まれる。
本発明は、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を所定の溶存酸素濃度下に培養して、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法に関する。本明細書において、培養液中の溶存酸素濃度を0.8ppm以下に調整することを含む、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を培養してβ-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法、あるいは、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する工程を含む、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法が開示される。本発明の製造方法において製造されるカロテノイドは、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンから選択される1以上のカロテノイドである。本発明の別の態様において、本発明の製造方法において製造されるカロテノイドは、β-クリプトキサンチンである。
本明細書において、「%」および「ppm」の値は、体積比を意味し、「1ppm」は「1mg/L」は同じ意味である。培養液の質量は、同一の体積を有する水の質量とほぼ等しく、両者が等しい場合に「ppm」の値は質量比を意味し、「1ppm」は「1mg/kg」は同じ意味である。
溶存酸素濃度の調整は、通常培養で用いられる方法で制御される。例えば、溶存酸素電極により測定した培養液中の溶存酸素濃度に応じて、培養槽内に供給する空気あるいは酸素の流量を自動的に調整する方法、溶存酸素電極により測定した培養液中の溶存酸素濃度に応じて攪拌羽根の回転速度または回転数を自動的に調節する方法、あるいは通気量および回転速度または回転数の両方を調整する方法を用いることができる。
本培養開始後から本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌が十分増殖するまで、好気的条件で培養される(第一培養工程)。好気的条件下での培養(第一培養工程)は、β-クリプトキサンチン生産用培地での培養開始後5~80時間、好ましくは10~70時間、10~60時間、より好ましくは10~50時間、さらに好ましくは10~40時間、より好ましくは10~36時間実施する。あるいは、第一培養工程は、20~80時間、20~60時間、20~40時間、20~36時間実施してもよい。このときの溶存酸素濃度は、0.8ppm以上であり、例えば、1ppm以上、好ましくは1.5ppm以上、より好ましくは2ppm以上である。
本発明の一態様において、第一培養工程は、測定波長610nmで測定した培養液の濁度が第一培養工程の開始時の濁度と比較して、少なくとも5以上増加するまで続けることができる。第一培養工程の開始時からの濁度の増加は、少なくとも5以上、好ましくは10以上、より好ましくは11以上、12以上、13以上、14以上、15以上、16以上、17以上、18以上、19以上または20以上である。例えば、10~36時間培養すると、濁度の上昇率が高く、その場合の濁度の上昇は約20~400である。
また、第一培養工程では、上記のとおり溶存酸素濃度は0.8ppm以下に保持されるものではなく、溶存酸素濃度は培養開始から徐々に減少し、減少ピークを迎えた後上昇に転ずる。本発明の別の態様において、第一培養工程は、溶存酸素濃度が最も低くなるまで続けてもよい。
(i)増殖させた本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌または測定波長610nmで測定した培養液の濁度が第一培養工程の開始時の濁度と比較して5以上増加した本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌の培養液における溶存酸素濃度を0.8ppm以下に調整し、
(ii)前記本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する、
第二培養工程を含むことができる。上記方法により、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドが製造される。
(b)第一培養工程終了後、本発明のβ-クリプトキサンチン生産細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する第二培養工程、
とを含むことができる。上記方法により、β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドが製造される。
Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396株(FERM BP-4283)をN-メチル-N’-ニトロ-N-ニトロソグアニジンで変異処理し、赤色の濃いコロニーを選択した。選択した菌株を試験管で培養し、カロテノイド濃度を測定し、アスタキサンチン生産能が高い変異株LP-26株を選択した。次にLP-26株をN-メチル-N’-ニトロ-N-ニトロソグアニジンで変異処理し、黄色~橙色のコロニーを選択し、BC-60、BC-65、BCA-26、ZXA-3、ZXA-23株を得た。LP-26株の1回の変異処理あたり、所望の黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーが少なくとも1つ取得できた。
上記「1」で得られた菌株を、以下のように培養した。
(シード培養)
シード培養に用いた培地の組成は以下のとおりである:シュークロース30g/L、コーンスティープリカー15g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム0.54g/L、リン酸水素二カリウム2.8g/L、塩化カルシウム2水和物0.3g/L、硫酸マグネシウム7水和物14.3g/L、硫酸鉄7水和物0.3g/L、消泡剤0.1g/L、pH7.2。
上記組成の培地2Lを5L容量の培養槽(ジャーファーメンター)に入れ、121℃、30分蒸気殺菌し、シード培地を作製した。シード培地に「1.」で得られた菌株を植菌し、28℃で30時間、400rpmで攪拌し培養を行った。この時の溶存酸素濃度は4.8ppmであった。シード培養において、濁度は20増加した。
次に,シード培養を経た培養液216ml分を色素生産用培地が1.8L入った5L容量の通気撹拌培養槽(ジャーファーメンター)に植菌した。28℃で培養を行った。本培養開始から10~36時間(第一培養工程)経過後、培養液中の溶存酸素が0.8ppm以下となるように溶存酸素濃度をコントロールし、0.8ppm以下の状態を40~60時間保持した(第二培養工程)。第一培養工程の開始時から第一培養工程の終了時の濁度(測定波長610nm)の増加は、20~400であった。溶存酸素濃度は、溶存酸素電極と撹拌羽根のモーターとを連動させ、溶存酸素濃度値に応じて攪拌羽根の回転速度を自動的に調節することにより調整した。また、攪拌羽根の最低回転速度は455rpmに設定した。培養中のpHは、14%アンモニア水を連続的に滴下することで7.0~7.4に制御した。グルコースは生育とともに消費されるため、培養液中のグルコース濃度が5~30g/Lに維持されるように添加した。β-クリプトキサンチン量の測定用に、0.8ppm以下の状態を40~60時間保持した培養液の一部を採取した。
溶存酸素の測定は、以下の装置を用いた。
DO測定装置:丸菱バイオエンジ社製、型番OX-2500
培養液の濁度は次のとおり測定した。培養液の濁度は、汎用分光光度計により測定される。濁度は、例えば、エルマ販売会社製(型番:AE-450)を用いて測定することができる。濁度は、光路長1cmの石英キュベットを用い、測定波長を610nmに設定し、その吸光度から算出する。水の測定値を0として校正する。吸光度は0-1の間の値をとるが、値が1に近すぎると正しく測定できない可能性があるため、0.7以下の測定値となるよう必要に応じて培養液を水で希釈してから測定する。希釈した培養液の濁度は、測定で得た吸光度に、希釈倍率をかけて補正することで算出される。
β-クリプトキサンチン、ゼアキサンチンおよびβ-カロテン量はHPLC(Waters社製、alliance(セパレーションモジュールe2695, ディテクター2489))を用いて測定した。
カラムはInertsil SIL-100A,5μm(φ4.6 mm×250 mm)(ジーエルサイエンス製)を2本連結して使用した。溶出は、移動相であるn-ヘキサン:テトラヒドロフラン:メタノール混合液(20:40:1)を用い、室温付近一定の温度にて毎分1.0mLの流速で行った。
結果を以下に示す。
(1)BC-60株およびBC-65株の遺伝子解析
BC-60株およびBC-65株の遺伝子を解析した。その結果、CrtW遺伝子に変異を有することが明らかとなった。
ZXA-23の遺伝子を解析した。その結果、CrtW遺伝子に変異を有し、CrtW酵素アミノ酸配列の65番目のヒスチジンをコードするコドン(cau)からチロシンをコードするコドン(uau:表6では「TAT」として記載され、最初のTが太字で表記されている)へ変異していることが明らかとなった。
ZXA-3の遺伝子を解析した。その結果、CrtW遺伝子に変異を有し、CrtW酵素アミノ酸配列の65番目のヒスチジンをコードするコドン(cau)からチロシンをコードするコドン(uau:表6では「TAT」として記載され、最初のTが太字で表記されている)へ変異していることが明らかとなった(配列番号5および配列番号6)。ZXA-3株における変異は、ZXA-23株における変異と同じであった。
また、細菌においてcrtW酵素が機能している場合は、crtW酵素による変換により、βカロテンやゼアキサンチンがアドニキサンチンに変化するため、アドニキサンチンが生産される。細菌が生産するアドニキサンチンはHPLCにより検出される。一方、本願発明に係る菌株については、いずれもHPLCによりアドニキサンチンは検出されていない。したがって、本願発明に係る菌株は、内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なβカロテンケトラーゼを生産することが不可能であるといえる。
Claims (10)
- パラコッカス属細菌を培養してβ-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
溶存酸素電極により測定した培養液中の溶存酸素濃度を0.8ppm以下に調整することを含み、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。 - β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。 - β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
(a)培養液中でパラコッカス属細菌を増殖させる、または培養液を測定波長610nmで測定した濁度が、第一培養工程開始時の濁度と比較して5以上増加するまでパラコッカス属細菌を培養する第一培養工程と、
(b)第一培養工程終了後、前記パラコッカス属細菌を0.8ppm以下の溶存酸素濃度の培養液で培養する第二培養工程を含み、
当該培養液の溶存酸素濃度が、溶存酸素電極により測定されるものであり、
前記パラコッカス属細菌が、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌である;または内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活性化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能な細菌である、前記方法。 - 前記第二培養工程の培養時間が10時間以上100時間以下である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記第一培養工程の培養時間が10時間以上70時間以下である、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを形成する細菌が、赤色を呈するコロニーを形成するパラコッカス属細菌を変異処理し、黄色~橙色を呈するコロニーを選択することにより取得されるものである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記内因性crtW遺伝子が、配列番号1で表される塩基配列に少なくとも90%同一な塩基配列を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記crtW酵素が、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%同一なアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- β-カロテン、β-クリプトキサンチンおよびゼアキサンチンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカロテノイドが、β-クリプトキサンチンである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 内因性crtW遺伝子が部分的または完全に欠失または不活化され、機能的なcrtW酵素を産生することが不可能である、パラコッカス属細菌。
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