WO2022217653A1 - 装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法 - Google Patents

装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2022217653A1
WO2022217653A1 PCT/CN2021/090406 CN2021090406W WO2022217653A1 WO 2022217653 A1 WO2022217653 A1 WO 2022217653A1 CN 2021090406 W CN2021090406 W CN 2021090406W WO 2022217653 A1 WO2022217653 A1 WO 2022217653A1
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thermal insulation
wall
orthogonal
support
saving
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PCT/CN2021/090406
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱秦江
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朱秦江
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Publication of WO2022217653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217653A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/7637—Anchoring of separate elements through the lining to the wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of isolation or other protection of buildings, in particular to a prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall and a construction method thereof.
  • Wood is a natural composite material composed of lignin and cellulose, and its structure is very similar to FRP.
  • Lignin is a polyphenol resin, which is used as the matrix of wood, and cellulose filaments are embedded in it as a reinforcing material to reinforce its tensile and flexural strength.
  • the wood itself has excellent tensile, flexural and compressive strength and low density, making it very suitable as a building material; and the main origin of wood (humid or semi-humid area), and the activities of ancient humans who settled and developed agricultural civilization
  • the regions are highly overlapping, so people in different parts of the world choose to use wood as the load-bearing components of buildings after settling down, thus leaving a large number of ancient wooden structures, such as the famous Forbidden City.
  • regions with rich wood resources such as northern Europe, North America, eastern Russia, Brazil and other regions, a large number of wooden structures are still used as residential buildings.
  • Modern wood structure buildings are divided into two categories: "light” and "heavy”.
  • Light wood structure buildings are more traditional, which first build wooden keels, and then lay wooden boards on the keels to form walls; heavy wood structure buildings, whose walls are solid wood, Or the emerging orthogonal plywood, that is, a plank made of criss-crossed wooden slats.
  • heavy wood structure buildings Under normal circumstances, limited by its own structural strength, light wood structure buildings can only be built with one or two floors, while heavy wood structure buildings allow a higher number of floors.
  • the cross-laminated wood wall also brought difficulties in thermal insulation and pipeline laying.
  • the insulation material can be filled in the gaps between the wooden keels to complete the insulation, and the pipelines can also be buried in the gaps between the wooden keels.
  • the orthogonal glulam wall is a solid prefabricated part, and the insulation layer can only be hung on the wall, and the pipeline needs to be grooved on the wall.
  • the thermal insulation boards that meet the fire protection requirements of buildings such as foamed gypsum board and glass wool board, generally have high density and poor thermal insulation effect.
  • the light steel keel is built on the top to hang, and the construction process of the light steel keel cannot be modularized, and the required manpower and man-hours are greatly increased, which leads to the disappearance of the advantages of fast and labor-saving construction of the orthogonal glulam wall.
  • the light steel keel also forms a cold bridge, which reduces the thermal insulation effect, and the anchors of the light steel keel and the groove of the pipeline cause damage to the wall surface.
  • thermal insulation materials For thermal insulation materials, the larger the porosity, the better the thermal insulation effect and the lower the density. The same thermal insulation effect can be achieved with a thinner and lighter thermal insulation layer. But the problem is that while the porosity is increased, the strength of the thermal insulation material itself is greatly reduced, so that it cannot be kept intact during transportation, cutting, and construction.
  • a very typical example is aerogel, which is a porous material with extremely high porosity, excellent thermal insulation and very low density, but lower strength (the strength is equivalent to cake, but the elasticity is usually higher than that of a cake). Poor cakes), easy to "drop powder" and collapse when pressed, which limits its application in building insulation.
  • the invention provides an assembled leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall and a construction method thereof.
  • the technical problem to be solved is: light steel keel needs to be built for the external insulation layer on the orthogonal glulam wall.
  • the construction process of the light steel keel cannot be modularized, and the required manpower and man-hours are greatly increased, resulting in the failure of the orthogonal glulam wall.
  • the advantages of fast and labor-saving construction disappear; the light steel keel forms a cold bridge, which reduces the thermal insulation effect; the anchors of the light steel keel and the groove of the pipeline cause damage to the wall.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall, including the orthogonal glued wood wall; the surface of one side or both sides of the orthogonal glued wood wall is wrapped with A thermal insulation coil, the surfaces of both sides of the thermal insulation coil are respectively wrapped with metal foils for restraining and protecting the fragile thermal insulation material;
  • the thermal insulation coil is a hydrophobic material.
  • the prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall also includes a decorative panel whose board surface is placed against the outer side of the thermal insulation coil.
  • the support piece of the thermal insulation coil is crushed, and the support piece is arranged through the thermal insulation roll and is respectively fixedly connected with the orthogonal glulam wall and the decorative panel.
  • the support member is a hollow block, and the interior of the hollow block is filled with thermal insulation filler.
  • the size of the support member perpendicular to the direction of the decorative panel is adjustable, and is provided with a locking device for locking the adjusted size.
  • the support includes a side support for supporting the edge of the veneer, a corner support for supporting the corner of the veneer, and a main support for supporting parts other than the corner of the veneer; the side support One edge of the veneer is flush with the edge of the veneer, the corner support has a corner that matches the corner of the veneer; the edge of the support located in the thermal insulation membrane transitions smoothly.
  • the main support member is a circular flat box whose upper and lower surfaces are parallel to the decorative panel, and the cover and the box body of the circular flat box are screwed together.
  • the two surfaces of the support member against the decorative panel and the orthogonal glued wood wall are respectively provided with ribs for making the structural adhesive more firmly combined with the support member, and the support member is respectively connected with the decorative panel and the orthogonal glued. Wood wall glued connection.
  • the thermal insulation coil material is an aerogel felt or a cross-linked polyethylene thermal insulation pad; the thermal insulation coil material is arranged in multiple layers on the surface of the orthogonal glued wood wall.
  • thermal insulation roll material and the metal foil are connected by a flexible adhesive, and the flexible adhesive fills the gap between the thermal insulation roll material and the metal foil.
  • a construction method for an energy-saving wall which is used for the construction of the above-mentioned prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall, and comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Lay wall pipelines on the surface of the built orthogonal glulam wall according to the drawings;
  • Step 2 Affix the first layer of thermal insulation coils with holes corresponding to the support members to the surface of the orthogonal glulam
  • the wall pipeline is located within the outer surface of the first layer of insulation coil
  • Step 3 Paste the main support with structural adhesive in the hole on the thermal insulation coil, adjust the thickness of the main support by rotating, so that the tops of the main supports are coplanar;
  • For corner supports adjust the thickness of the structural adhesive at the bottom of the side supports and the corner supports so that the tops of the side supports and the corner supports are coplanar with the top of the main support;
  • Step 4 Paste the second layer of thermal insulation coils with holes corresponding to the supports one-to-one on the first layer of thermal insulation coils to ensure that the thickness of the second layer of thermal insulation
  • the outer surface of the insulation sheet is located within the plane of the top of the support;
  • Step 5 Use aluminum foil tape to seal the seams on the insulation coil
  • Step 6 After the wall pipeline test is completed, use structural adhesive to paste the decorative panel on the support;
  • Step 7 Carry out the construction of the decorative layer on the decorative panel.
  • the assembled leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall and the construction method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the metal foil and the flexible adhesive between the metal foil and the thermal insulation coil work together to constrain and protect the thermal insulation coil, so that the surface is regular and not easily consumed or damaged due to rubbing, and the support plays a supporting role , so that the insulation coil is not squeezed;
  • the combination of the above two protection measures enables light and efficient but fragile insulation coils such as aerogel felt to be applied to the insulation of orthogonal glulam walls, thereby significantly reducing the
  • the thickness and weight of the external insulation layer can be used to suspend the insulation layer with lower strength anchors or even structural adhesives;
  • heat preservation is achieved by sticking a support member on the wall, and then using the support member to hang the thermal insulation coil material, without the need to build a light steel keel, the whole construction process is completely modular and low difficulty, only simple assembly is required, and A small number of construction personnel and even the residents themselves can complete it quickly, thus overcoming the problem of light steel keel dragging down the construction period and wasting manpower, making the advantage of fast construction of orthogonal glulam buildings highlighted;
  • the installation of the anchoring support does not require drilling holes on the wall, and the pipelines on the wall are buried in the thermal insulation coil instead of the grooves on the wall, so no grooves or holes are required on the wall, thereby Not only reduces the construction workload, but also does not cause damage to the wall;
  • a support member with adjustable thickness and not easily deformed is installed on the building wall, and then a decorative panel is installed on the leveled support member instead of a decorative panel on the easily deformed thermal insulation coil, so as to ensure The smoothness of the veneer;
  • the support is filled with thermal insulation fillers, thereby overcoming the problem of cold bridges caused by light steel keels;
  • the thermal insulation membrane can effectively block the heat/cold loss of the building due to thermal radiation.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the assembled leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of thermal insulation coil
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the thermal insulation coiled material with the reserved holes corresponding to the supports one-to-one;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the structure of the main support
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the structure of the side support
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the structure of the corner support
  • Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the components installed in step 1;
  • step 2 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step 2;
  • step 3 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step 3.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step 4.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step 5;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step six;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the components installed in step seven;
  • the prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall includes the orthogonal glued wood wall 1; the surface of one side or both sides of the orthogonal glued wood wall 1 is wrapped with thermal insulation membrane 2; as shown in the figure 2, both sides of the thermal insulation coil 2 are respectively wrapped with metal foils 21 for restraining and protecting the fragile thermal insulation material; in this embodiment, the metal foil 21 is selected from aluminum foil. Note that the role of the metal foil 21 here is not only to make It also has a protective effect to cut off heat radiation, so its thickness should be thicker on the premise of not affecting the bending of the thermal insulation coil 2 .
  • the thermal insulation membrane 2 is a water-repellent material to prevent it from being wetted or infiltrated by water, and has a waterproof effect.
  • the thermal insulation coil 2 is an inorganic aerogel felt such as a silica aerogel felt. The surface of this material has fine fluff, which is not sticky to water like a lotus leaf, and is a water-repellent material.
  • the thermal insulation coil 2 and the metal foil 21 are connected by a flexible adhesive, and the flexible adhesive fills the gap between the thermal insulation coil 2 and the metal foil 21 .
  • the flexible adhesive here refers to the adhesive that remains soft after curing. There are two functions in selecting the flexible adhesive. One is to avoid affecting the bending of the aerogel felt, and the other is to form a film covering the surface of the aerogel felt. Constrains and protects the surface of the aerogel felt, preventing it from "powdering" and fragmentation.
  • the flexible adhesive should be waterproof and fireproof, so as not to fail after immersion in water or fire, and MS glue can be used for the flexible adhesive.
  • the prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glulam wall also includes a decorative panel 3 arranged on the outer side of the thermal insulation coil 2, and a veneer 3 is evenly arranged between the decorative panel 3 and the orthogonal glued wood wall 1 to prevent crushing
  • the support of the thermal insulation coil 2 is arranged through the thermal insulation coil 2 and is fixedly connected to the orthogonal glued wood wall 1 and the decorative panel 3 respectively.
  • holes are pre-opened on the thermal insulation coil 2 , and the supports are arranged through the holes on the thermal insulation coil 2 and are fixedly connected to the orthogonal glued wood wall 1 and the decorative panel 3 respectively.
  • the strength of the aerogel felt selected in this embodiment is much lower than that of the traditional thermal insulation material, and if no support is provided, it will be crushed during use.
  • the support is a hollow block, and the interior of the hollow block is filled with insulating fillers to avoid cold bridges.
  • the insulating filler filled inside the hollow block is also aerogel.
  • the material of the support should be a material with low thermal conductivity, such as engineering plastics, not metal, otherwise even if there is thermal insulation filler, a weak cold bridge will still be formed.
  • the support is adjustable in size perpendicular to the veneer 3 and has a locking device for locking the adjusted size.
  • the main support 41 is a circular flat box whose upper and lower surfaces are parallel to the decorative panel 3 , and the cover and the box body of the circular flat box are screwed together.
  • the distance between the box cover and the orthogonal glulam wall 1 can be changed by rotating, and the distance is locked when the rotation is stopped.
  • the threads of the box cover and the round flat box should control the thread lift angle and friction angle, and the friction angle should be larger than the thread lift angle to better lock the distance between the box cover and the orthogonal glulam wall 1 after stopping the rotation.
  • the supports include side supports 42 for supporting the edge of the decorative panel 3 , corner supports 43 for supporting the corners of the decorative panel 3 , and support for the parts other than the corners of the decorative panel 3 .
  • the box covers of the side supports 42 and the corner supports 43 are opened at the straight side positions of the side supports, and are respectively plugged and connected with the side supports 42 and the corner supports 43 to facilitate opening. cover.
  • the supports are evenly distributed, some supports are bound to be distributed at the edges or corners of the decorative panel 3.
  • the holes corresponding to the supports on the thermal insulation coil 2 are already installed before installation. After being laid, the position of the holes on the edges or corners cannot be adjusted on site, and the holes on the edges or corners cannot be installed with complete supports, so it is necessary to set edge supports 42 and corner supports 43 to install on the thermal insulation coil. 2 Edge and corner positions.
  • ribs 5 for making the structural adhesive 6 and the support more firmly bonded are respectively provided on the two surfaces of the support against the decorative panel 3 and the orthogonal glued wood wall 1, and the support is respectively connected to the The veneer 3 and the orthogonal glulam wall 1 are glued and connected. This eliminates the need for drilling and allows for quick and quiet installation.
  • the thermal insulation coil 2 is an aerogel felt or a cross-linked polyethylene thermal insulation pad;
  • the thermal insulation membrane 2 is arranged in multiple layers on the surface of the orthogonal glulam wall 1 . The purpose of this is to facilitate pressing the line pipe located on the building surface under the thermal insulation coil 2 on the premise of no protrusion, so as to avoid the occurrence of cold bridges.
  • thermal insulation coils 2 are arranged on one side of the orthogonal glue-laminated wood wall 1, and it is only necessary to open an escape opening on the first layer of thermal insulation coils 2 against the orthogonal glue-laminated wood wall 1, and then the line pipe can be It is pressed under the thermal insulation coil 2 without protrusions, and there is no need to open escape openings on both layers of the thermal insulation coil 2 .
  • the thermal insulation coil 2 and the metal foil 21 are connected by a flexible adhesive, and the flexible adhesive fills the gap between the thermal insulation coil 2 and the metal foil 21 .
  • the flexible adhesive here refers to the adhesive that remains soft after curing. There are two functions in selecting the flexible adhesive. One is to avoid affecting the bending of the aerogel felt, and the other is to form a film covering the surface of the aerogel felt. Constrains and protects the surface of the aerogel felt, preventing it from "powdering" and fragmentation.
  • the flexible adhesive should be waterproof and fireproof, so as not to fail after immersion in water or fire, and MS glue can be used for the flexible adhesive.
  • a construction method for an energy-saving wall which is used for the construction of the above-mentioned prefabricated leveling compound radiation energy-saving orthogonal glued wood wall, and comprises the following steps:
  • step 1 Lay wall pipelines 7 on the surface of the built orthogonal glulam wall 1 according to the drawings;
  • step 2 paste the first layer of thermal insulation coil material 2 with holes corresponding to the supports one-to-one on the surface of the orthogonal glued wood wall 1, and open a space on the first layer of thermal insulation coil material 2 Make sure the wall pipeline 7 is exposed, and ensure that the wall pipeline 7 is located within the outer surface of the first layer of insulation coil 2; When the temperature is reached, you can stick a layer of thermal insulation coil 2 to avoid it from forming a cold bridge;
  • step 3 paste the main support 41 with structural adhesive 6 in the hole on the thermal insulation coil 2, and adjust the thickness of the main support 41 by rotating, so that the tops of the main supports 41 are coplanar; Then stick the side supports 42 and the corner supports 43 with the structural adhesive 6, adjust the thickness of the structural adhesive 6 at the bottom of the side supports 42 and the corner supports 43, so that the tops of the side supports 42 and the corner supports 43 are both connected to the main support The tops of 41 are coplanar;
  • step 4 paste the second layer of thermal insulation coil material 2 with holes corresponding to the supports one-to-one on the first layer of thermal insulation coil material 2 to ensure that the thickness of the second layer of thermal insulation coil material 2 conforms to Climatic and technical requirements, and the outer surface of the second layer of thermal insulation membrane 2 is located within the plane where the top of the support is located;
  • step 5 use aluminum foil tape 22 to seal the seam on the thermal insulation coil 2;
  • step 6 after the test of the wall pipeline 7 is completed, use the structural adhesive 6 to paste the decorative panel 3 on the support;
  • step 7 The decoration layer 8 is constructed on the decorative panel 3 .

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Abstract

一种装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法，包括贴在正交胶合木墙（1）一侧表面或两侧表面的保温卷材（2），保温卷材（2）的两侧表面分别包裹有金属箔（21）；保温卷材（2）为憎水材料。墙体通过金属箔（21）和支撑件等保护措施，使得气凝胶毡这样轻薄高效的保温卷材（2）能够用于建筑保温；通过在墙面粘贴支撑件，然后用支撑件悬挂保温卷材（2）来实现保温，不需要搭建轻钢龙骨，整个搭建过程完全模块化且低难度，只需要进行简单的装配，能够由少量施工人员乃至住户自己快速完成，从而克服了正交胶合木墙（1）保温层施工工期长并浪费人力的问题，使得正交胶合木建筑搭建快捷的优势得以凸显。

Description

装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑物的隔绝或其他防护技术领域，特别是涉及装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法。
背景技术
木材是由木质素和纤维素集合而成的天然复合材料，其结构与玻璃钢非常类似。木质素是一种聚酚树脂，作为木材的基体，纤维素的细丝作为补强材料嵌在其中，对其抗拉抗弯强度进行补强。木材本身具备优良的抗拉抗弯抗压强度，以及较低的密度，十分适合作为建筑材料；且木材的主产地(湿润或半湿润地区)，与定居并发展出农业文明的古人类的活动区域高度重合，因而世界不同地区的人类在定居后不约而同地选择用木材作为建筑的承重构件，由此留下了大量木结构古建筑，如著名的故宫。此外，在很多木材资源丰富地区，如北欧、北美、俄罗斯东部、巴西等地区，至今仍大量采用木结构建筑作为居民住宅。
现代的木结构建筑分“轻型”与“重型”两类，轻型木结构建筑较为传统，其先搭建木质龙骨，然后在龙骨上铺木板形成墙体；重型木结构建筑，其墙体为实木，或者新兴的正交胶合木板，也即以纵横交错的木条粘贴而成的木板。通常情况下，受限于本身的结构强度，轻型木结构建筑一般只能做一到两层，而重型木结构建筑允许的层数高一些。
相较于轻型木结构建筑，采用正交胶合木搭建建筑可以做到完全模块化，安装起来极为省工且迅捷，同时由于纵横交错的木条克服了木材强度上的不均一问题，因而其强度比实木还要高，更适合搭建层数较多的建筑。
但正交胶合木墙体也带来了保温以及管线敷设上的困难。对于轻型木结构建筑，木质龙骨之间的空隙中填充保温材料即可完成保温，管线也可以埋在木质龙骨之间的空隙中。但正交胶合木墙体是实心的预制件，只能把保温层外挂在墙面上，敷设管线则需要在墙面开槽。而目前满足建筑防火要求的保温板，如发泡石膏板、玻璃棉板等，普遍密度大且保温效果差，需要在墙面上挂很厚重的一层，这种厚重的保温层需要在墙上搭建轻钢龙骨来悬挂，轻钢龙骨的搭建过程无法模块化施工，需要的人力及工时大大增加，导致正交胶合木墙体的搭建快捷省工的优势消失。此外，轻钢龙骨还形成了冷桥，导致保温效果下降，且轻钢龙骨的锚固件以及管线的槽对墙面造成了破坏。
对于保温材料而言，孔隙率越大，则保温效果越好同时密度越低，相同的保温效果可以用更轻薄的保温层来实现。但问题在于孔隙率提高的同时，保温材料本身的强度大大减 小，导致其不能在运输、裁剪、施工过程中保持完整。一个很典型的例子是气凝胶，气凝胶是一种孔隙率极大的多孔材料，具备极佳的保温效果与极低的密度，但强度较低(强度相当于蛋糕，但弹性通常比蛋糕差)，容易“掉粉”且一压就瘪，这限制了其在建筑保温中的应用。
发明内容
本发明提供装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法。
解决的技术问题是：在正交胶合木墙体上外挂保温层需要搭建轻钢龙骨，轻钢龙骨的搭建过程无法模块化施工，需要的人力及工时大大增加，导致正交胶合木墙体的搭建快捷省工的优势消失；轻钢龙骨形成了冷桥，导致保温效果下降；轻钢龙骨的锚固件以及管线的槽对墙面造成了破坏。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，包括正交胶合木墙；所述正交胶合木墙一侧表面或两侧表面包裹有保温卷材，所述保温卷材的两侧表面分别包裹有用于约束并保护易碎保温材料的金属箔；
所述保温卷材为憎水材料。
进一步，所述装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体还包括板面贴靠保温卷材外侧面设置的饰面板，所述饰面板与正交胶合木墙之间均匀设置有用于防止压坏保温卷材的支撑件，所述支撑件穿透保温卷材设置并分别与正交胶合木墙和饰面板固定连接。
进一步，所述支撑件为空心块，空心块内部填充有保温填料。
进一步，所述支撑件垂直于饰面板方向上的尺寸可调，并带有用于锁定调节后的尺寸的锁定装置。
进一步，所述支撑件包括用于支撑饰面板边沿的边支撑件、用于支撑饰面板角部的角支撑件、以及用于支撑饰面板边角以外部位的主支撑件；所述边支撑件的一个边沿与饰面板的边沿平齐，所述角支撑件带有与饰面板的角部相匹配的角部；所述支撑件位于保温卷材内的边沿平滑过渡。
进一步，所述主支撑件为上下表面平行于饰面板设置的圆形扁盒，所述圆形扁盒的盒盖与盒身之间螺接连接。
进一步，所述支撑件贴靠饰面板以及正交胶合木墙的两个表面上分别设置有用于使结构胶与支撑件结合更牢靠的筋条，所述支撑件分别与饰面板以及正交胶合木墙胶接连接。
进一步，所述保温卷材为气凝胶毡或交联聚乙烯保温垫；所述保温卷材在正交胶合木墙表面多层叠合设置。
进一步，所述保温卷材与金属箔通过柔性胶粘剂连接，所述柔性胶粘剂填满保温卷材与金属箔之间的空隙。
一种节能墙体的施工方法，用于上述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体的施工，并包括以下步骤：
步骤一：根据图纸在已建好的正交胶合木墙表面敷设墙面管线；
步骤二：将第一层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材贴到正交胶合木墙表面，在第一层保温卷材上开避位口使墙面管线露出，并确保墙面管线位于第一层保温卷材外表面以内；
步骤三：在保温卷材上的孔中用结构胶粘贴主支撑件，通过旋转来调整主支撑件的厚度，使各主支撑件的顶部共面；然后用结构胶粘贴边支撑件与角支撑件，调整边支撑件与角支撑件底部的结构胶厚度，使边支撑件与角支撑件的顶部均与主支撑件的顶部共面；
步骤四：将第二层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材贴到第一层保温卷材上，确保第二层保温卷材的厚度符合气候和技术要求，且第二层保温卷材的外表面位于支撑件顶部所在平面以内；
步骤五：用铝箔胶带封接保温卷材上的接缝；
步骤六：在墙面管线测试完成后，用结构胶在支撑件上粘贴饰面板；
步骤七：在饰面板上进行装饰层的施工。
本发明装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：
本发明中，金属箔以及金属箔与保温卷材间的柔性胶粘剂共同对保温卷材起到了约束和保护作用，使其表面规整且不易因擦碰而被消耗或破坏，支撑件起到了支撑作用，使保温卷材免遭挤压；以上两种保护措施结合，使得诸如气凝胶毡这样轻盈高效但较脆弱的保温卷材能够应用于正交胶合木墙体的保温，从而明显减小了外挂的保温层的厚度与自重，能够用强度较低的锚固件甚至结构胶来悬挂保温层；
本发明中，通过在墙面粘贴支撑件，然后用支撑件悬挂保温卷材来实现保温，不需要搭建轻钢龙骨，整个搭建过程完全模块化且低难度，只需要进行简单的装配，能够由少量施工人员乃至住户自己快速完成，从而克服了轻钢龙骨拖累工期并浪费人力的问题，使得正交胶合木建筑搭建快捷的优势得以凸显；
本发明中，起锚固作用的支撑件的安装不需要在墙面打孔，且墙面管线埋在保温卷材内而非墙面的槽中，不需要在墙上开槽或打孔，从而不仅减少了施工工作量，而且不会对墙体造成破坏；
本发明中，通过在建筑墙面上安装厚度可调且不易变形的支撑件，然后在调平后的支撑件上安装饰面板，而非在容易变形的保温卷材上安装饰面板，从而确保了饰面板的平整；
本发明中，支撑件内填充有保温填料，从而克服了轻钢龙骨造成冷桥的问题；
本发明中，通过在保温卷材两面贴金属箔，靠近热源一侧的金属箔将来自热源的热辐射反射回去，远离热源一侧的金属箔作为白体，防止保温卷材自身出现热辐射，从而使保温卷材能够有效阻断建筑因热辐射而损失热量/冷量。
附图说明
图1是本发明装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体的结构示意图；
图2是保温卷材的结构示意图；
图3是开有与支撑件一一对应的预留孔的保温卷材的结构示意图；
图4是主支撑件的结构分解图；
图5是边支撑件的结构分解图；
图6是角支撑件的结构分解图；
图7是步骤一安装的部件的示意图；
图8是步骤二安装的部件的示意图；
图9是步骤三安装的部件的示意图；
图10是步骤四安装的部件的示意图；
图11是步骤五安装的部件的示意图；
图12是步骤六安装的部件的示意图；
图13是步骤七安装的部件的示意图；
其中，1-正交胶合木墙，2-保温卷材，21-金属箔，22-铝箔胶带，3-饰面板，41-主支撑件，42-边支撑件，43-角支撑件，5-筋条，6-结构胶，7-墙面管线，8-装饰层。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，包括正交胶合木墙1；正交胶合木墙1一侧表面或两侧表面包裹有保温卷材2；如图2所示，保温卷材2的两侧表面分别包裹有用于约束并保护易碎保温材料的金属箔21；本实施例中，金属箔21选用铝箔，注意这里金属箔21的作用不仅仅在于打断热辐射，还要起保护作用，因此其厚度要在不影响保温卷材2弯折的前提下厚一些。
保温卷材2为憎水材料，以防止被润湿或水渗入，起到防水效果。本实施例中，保温卷材2为诸如二氧化硅气凝胶毡这样的无机气凝胶毡，这种材料表面带有细微的绒毛，像 荷叶一样不会粘水，是憎水材料。
保温卷材2与金属箔21通过柔性胶粘剂连接，柔性胶粘剂填满保温卷材2与金属箔21之间的空隙。这里柔性胶粘剂指的是固化后仍保持柔软的胶粘剂，选用柔性胶粘剂的作用有两点，其一为避免影响气凝胶毡的弯折，其二为形成覆盖气凝胶毡表面的胶膜，对气凝胶毡的表面起到约束和保护的作用，防止其“掉粉”及碎裂。柔性胶粘剂应防水防火，以免浸水或火烧后失效，柔性胶粘剂可选用MS胶。
装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体还包括板面贴靠保温卷材2外侧面设置的饰面板3，饰面板3与正交胶合木墙1之间均匀设置有用于防止压坏保温卷材2的支撑件，支撑件穿透保温卷材2设置并分别与正交胶合木墙1和饰面板3固定连接。
如图3所示，保温卷材2上预先开孔，支撑件穿过保温卷材2上的孔设置并分别与正交胶合木墙1和饰面板3固定连接。本实施例中选用的气凝胶毡比传统的保温材料强度低很多，如果不设置支撑件的话，在使用中会被压坏。
支撑件为空心块，空心块内部填充有保温填料，以避免产生冷桥。本实施例中空心块内部填充的保温填料同样为气凝胶。支撑件的材质应为低热导率的材料，如工程塑料，不要选用金属，否则即使有保温填料，依然会形成微弱的冷桥。
支撑件垂直于饰面板3方向上的尺寸可调，并带有用于锁定调节后的尺寸的锁定装置。
如图4所示，主支撑件41为上下表面平行于饰面板3设置的圆形扁盒，圆形扁盒的盒盖与盒身之间螺接连接。这样通过旋转即可改变盒盖与正交胶合木墙1的距离，停止旋转即锁定距离。注意这里盒盖与圆形扁盒的螺纹要控制好螺纹升角和摩擦角，摩擦角应大于螺纹升角，以在停止旋转后更好地锁定盒盖与正交胶合木墙1的距离。
如图4-6所示，支撑件包括用于支撑饰面板3边沿的边支撑件42、用于支撑饰面板3角部的角支撑件43、以及用于支撑饰面板3边角以外部位的主支撑件41；边支撑件42的一个边沿与饰面板3的边沿平齐，角支撑件43带有与饰面板3的角部相匹配的角部；支撑件位于保温卷材2内的边沿平滑过渡，以免导致保温卷材2裂开。
如图5-6所示，边支撑件42、以及角支撑件43的盒盖开在其侧面的直边位置，并分别与边支撑件42、以及角支撑件43插接连接，以方便开盖。
由于支撑件是均匀分布的，势必会有一些支撑件会分布在饰面板3的边或角的位置，而为了加快施工进度，保温卷材2上与支撑件对应的孔是在安装之前就已经打好的，在现场无法调整边沿或角上的孔的位置，边沿或角上的孔已无法安装完整的支撑件，于是就需 要设置边支撑件42与角支撑件43来安装在保温卷材2边沿以及角的位置。
如图4-6所示，支撑件贴靠饰面板3以及正交胶合木墙1的两个表面上分别设置有用于使结构胶6与支撑件结合更牢靠的筋条5，支撑件分别与饰面板3以及正交胶合木墙1胶接连接。这样便无需钻孔，可快速安静地安装。
保温卷材2为气凝胶毡或交联聚乙烯保温垫；保温卷材2在正交胶合木墙1表面多层叠合设置。保温卷材2在正交胶合木墙1表面多层叠合设置。这样做的目的在于方便在不出现突起的前提下将位于建筑表面的线管压在保温卷材2下，从而避免冷桥产生。本实施例中在正交胶合木墙1一侧设置两层保温卷材2，只需在贴靠正交胶合木墙1的一层保温卷材2上开避位口，即可将线管压在保温卷材2下而不出现突起，不需要两层保温卷材2上都开避位口。
保温卷材2与金属箔21通过柔性胶粘剂连接，柔性胶粘剂填满保温卷材2与金属箔21之间的空隙。这里柔性胶粘剂指的是固化后仍保持柔软的胶粘剂，选用柔性胶粘剂的作用有两点，其一为避免影响气凝胶毡的弯折，其二为形成覆盖气凝胶毡表面的胶膜，对气凝胶毡的表面起到约束和保护的作用，防止其“掉粉”及碎裂。柔性胶粘剂应防水防火，以免浸水或火烧后失效，柔性胶粘剂可选用MS胶。
一种节能墙体的施工方法，用于上述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体的施工，并包括以下步骤：
如图7所示，步骤一：根据图纸在已建好的正交胶合木墙1表面敷设墙面管线7；
如图8所示，步骤二：将第一层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材2贴到正交胶合木墙1表面，在第一层保温卷材2上开避位口使墙面管线7露出，并确保墙面管线7位于第一层保温卷材2外表面以内；如果需要安装线盒的话，应使线盒与饰面板3外表面平齐，这样在线盒不用的时候，可以贴一层保温卷材2来避免其形成冷桥；
如图9所示，步骤三：在保温卷材2上的孔中用结构胶6粘贴主支撑件41，通过旋转来调整主支撑件41的厚度，使各主支撑件41的顶部共面；然后用结构胶6粘贴边支撑件42与角支撑件43，调整边支撑件42与角支撑件43底部的结构胶6厚度，使边支撑件42与角支撑件43的顶部均与主支撑件41的顶部共面；
如图10所示，步骤四：将第二层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材2贴到第一层保温卷材2上，确保第二层保温卷材2的厚度符合气候和技术要求，且第二层保温卷材2的外表面位于支撑件顶部所在平面以内；
如图11所示，步骤五：用铝箔胶带22封接保温卷材2上的接缝；
如图12所示，步骤六：在墙面管线7测试完成后，用结构胶6在支撑件上粘贴饰面板3；
如图13所示，步骤七：在饰面板3上进行装饰层8的施工。
注意，这里的墙包括天花板。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，包括正交胶合木墙(1)；其特征在于：所述正交胶合木墙(1)一侧表面或两侧表面包裹有保温卷材(2)，所述保温卷材(2)的两侧表面分别包裹有用于约束并保护易碎保温材料的金属箔(21)；
    所述保温卷材(2)为憎水材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：还包括板面贴靠保温卷材(2)外侧面设置的饰面板(3)，所述饰面板(3)与正交胶合木墙(1)之间均匀设置有用于防止压坏保温卷材(2)的支撑件，所述支撑件穿透保温卷材(2)设置并分别与正交胶合木墙(1)和饰面板(3)固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述支撑件为空心块，空心块内部填充有保温填料。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述支撑件垂直于饰面板(3)方向上的尺寸可调，并带有用于锁定调节后的尺寸的锁定装置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述支撑件包括用于支撑饰面板(3)边沿的边支撑件(42)、用于支撑饰面板(3)角部的角支撑件(43)、以及用于支撑饰面板(3)边角以外部位的主支撑件(41)；所述边支撑件(42)的一个边沿与饰面板(3)的边沿平齐，所述角支撑件(43)带有与饰面板(3)的角部相匹配的角部；所述支撑件位于保温卷材(2)内的边沿平滑过渡。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述主支撑件(41)为上下表面平行于饰面板(3)设置的圆形扁盒，所述圆形扁盒的盒盖与盒身之间螺接连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述支撑件贴靠饰面板(3)以及正交胶合木墙(1)的两个表面上分别设置有用于使结构胶(6)与支撑件结合更牢靠的筋条(5)，所述支撑件分别与饰面板(3)以及正交胶合木墙(1)胶接连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述保温卷材(2)为气凝胶毡或交联聚乙烯保温垫；所述保温卷材(2)在正交胶合木墙(1)表面多层叠合设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体，其特征在于：所述保温卷材(2)与金属箔(21)通过柔性胶粘剂连接，所述柔性胶粘剂填满保温卷材(2)与金属箔(21)之间的空隙。
  10. 一种节能墙体的施工方法，其特征在于：用于如权利要求5所述的装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体的施工，并包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：根据图纸在已建好的正交胶合木墙(1)表面敷设墙面管线(7)；
    步骤二：将第一层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材(2)贴到正交胶合木墙(1)表面，在第一层保温卷材(2)上开避位口使墙面管线(7)露出，并确保墙面管线(7)位于第一层保温卷材(2)外表面以内；
    步骤三：在保温卷材(2)上的孔中用结构胶(6)粘贴主支撑件(41)，通过旋转来调整主支撑件(41)的厚度，使各主支撑件(41)的顶部共面；然后用结构胶(6)粘贴边支撑件(42)与角支撑件(43)，调整边支撑件(42)与角支撑件(43)底部的结构胶(6)厚度，使边支撑件(42)与角支撑件(43)的顶部均与主支撑件(41)的顶部共面；
    步骤四：将第二层开有与支撑件一一对应的孔的保温卷材(2)贴到第一层保温卷材(2)上，确保第二层保温卷材(2)的厚度符合气候和技术要求，且第二层保温卷材(2)的外表面位于支撑件顶部所在平面以内；
    步骤五：用铝箔胶带(22)封接保温卷材(2)上的接缝；
    步骤六：在墙面管线(7)测试完成后，用结构胶(6)在支撑件上粘贴饰面板(3)；
    步骤七：在饰面板(3)上进行装饰层(8)的施工。
PCT/CN2021/090406 2021-04-12 2021-04-28 装配式调平复合辐射节能正交胶合木墙体及其施工方法 WO2022217653A1 (zh)

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