WO2022217491A1 - 一种机油泵减压阀及使用该减压阀的内燃机用机油泵 - Google Patents
一种机油泵减压阀及使用该减压阀的内燃机用机油泵 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022217491A1 WO2022217491A1 PCT/CN2021/087166 CN2021087166W WO2022217491A1 WO 2022217491 A1 WO2022217491 A1 WO 2022217491A1 CN 2021087166 W CN2021087166 W CN 2021087166W WO 2022217491 A1 WO2022217491 A1 WO 2022217491A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure reducing
- sealing
- reducing valve
- oil pump
- oil
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 97
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/16—Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of heat exchanger relief valve structures, in particular to a pressure reducing valve for an oil pump and an oil pump for an internal combustion engine using the pressure reducing valve.
- the function of the existing oil pump is to raise the diesel oil to a certain pressure and force it to the moving surface of each part of the diesel engine, so that the oil circulates in the diesel engine lubrication system to ensure that the diesel engine of the diesel locomotive is well lubricated.
- the ambient temperature is low and the diesel engine drives the oil pump to run at low temperature, the viscosity of the oil is high, and the oil pressure at the oil pump outlet of the diesel engine will be too high.
- the oil filter cover gasket of the diesel engine cannot withstand the Excessive oil pressure, which ruptures the gasket, resulting in a large amount of oil spraying and causing the locomotive to have a forced shutdown failure.
- the present invention provides an oil pump pressure reducing valve, and correspondingly, the present invention also provides an internal combustion engine oil pump equipped with the pressure reducing valve.
- the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention realizes pressure reduction under different working conditions through the first pressure reducing valve core and the second pressure reducing valve core, and the second pressure reducing valve core is suitable for linear pressure reduction in a small flow state to ensure pressure changes.
- the first pressure reducing valve core is suitable for pressure reduction when the pressure rises rapidly and the flow rate is large, ensuring the rapid, safe and reliable pressure reduction effect.
- an oil pump pressure reducing valve comprising:
- valve body is cylindrical and includes an oil inlet at one end of the main body of the oil pump, a first oil outlet on the side of one end of the oil inlet, and a second oil outlet at the opposite end of the oil inlet , a sealing edge is arranged between the inside of the oil inlet and the first oil outlet;
- the compression nut is mounted on the second oil outlet
- a first pressure reducing valve core is installed inside the valve body, and includes a hollow cylindrical valve core body and a sealing end surface located at one end of the valve core body, the valve core body and the The holes in the valve body are gap-fitted, the sealing end face is abutted against the sealing edge to form a seal, and the center of the sealing end face is provided with a decompression oil-passing hole;
- the second pressure reducing valve core, the second pressure reducing valve core is installed inside the valve core body, and includes a pressure reducing section, a sealing section and a spring limit section, the pressure reducing section and the pressure reducing oil passage hole With clearance fit, the sealing segment and the sealing end face form a seal inside.
- the oil pump pressure reducing valve can realize two-stage pressure reduction through the first pressure reducing valve core and the second pressure reducing valve core, and the second pressure reducing valve core is suitable for linearity under low flow conditions. Decompression ensures continuous and stable pressure change, and the first decompression valve core is suitable for decompression when the pressure rises rapidly and the flow rate is large, so as to ensure rapid, safe and reliable decompression effect.
- the valve core body is provided with a first decompression spring and a second decompression spring, and both ends of the first decompression spring abut between the sealing end surface and the compression nut, respectively.
- the two ends of the second decompression spring are respectively abutted between the sealing section and the compression nut, and the second decompression spring and the second decompression valve core are located in the first decompression spring internal.
- the second pressure reducing valve core plays a role in reducing pressure, that is, the second pressure reducing spring is compressed; when the pressure is high and the flow rate is large, the A pressure reducing valve core plays a role in reducing pressure, or the first pressure reducing valve core and the second pressure reducing valve core play a pressure reducing role at the same time, that is, the first pressure reducing spring and the second pressure reducing valve core
- the springs are compressed at the same time; the decompression effect is more stable when the pressure is constantly changing, and the decompression effect is rapid when the pressure suddenly increases.
- the periphery of the sealing end face is provided with an inclined sealing chamfer, and the sealing edge is abutted on the sealing chamfer to form a seal.
- the line sealing form of the sealing edge and the sealing chamfer can improve the sealing effect, and when the first pressure reducing valve core moves backward, the oil can be quickly removed from the sealing edge and the sealing edge. Pass through the open gap between the sealing chamfers, and the decompression effect is rapid.
- annular sealing groove is provided on the side of the sealing section close to the sealing end face, and a sealing gasket is installed in the sealing groove.
- the second pressure reducing valve core forms a seal between the sealing gasket and the first pressure reducing valve core before opening, and the sealing effect is good, ensuring that no leakage occurs when the oil pressure is low;
- the sealing A snap is also arranged in the groove, and the outer ring of the gasket is provided with a snap ring that engages with the snap to ensure that the gasket will not fall off under the action of oil pressure;
- the snap can be screwed through It is connected with the sealing groove to facilitate processing, and it can also be an annular integrated structure. It is only necessary to design the sealing gasket and the buckles of different structures to prevent the sealing gasket from falling off.
- the decompression section is provided with at least one leakage and decompression groove in the circumferential direction, and the leakage and decompression groove extends from the sealing section to the end face of the decompression section, and the cross-sectional area gradually increases .
- the second pressure reducing valve core starts to open when the oil pressure reaches to overcome the initial pressure of the second pressure reducing spring, the oil leaks from the relief flow pressure reducing groove, and the second pressure reducing valve core starts to open.
- the cross-section of the leakage relief groove is square, the width is constant, and the depth gradually increases from the sealing section to the end face of the decompression section.
- the oil leakage flow rate is proportional to the opening distance of the second relief valve core, which is suitable for the requirement that the decompression effect is more stable in the state of small flow rate.
- the cross-section of the leakage relief groove is triangular, and both the width and the depth gradually increase from the sealing section to the end face of the decompression section.
- the oil leakage flow rate and the opening distance of the second relief valve core are in a quadratic proportional relationship, which is suitable for the case where the decompression effect is more sensitive under the condition of small flow rate. need.
- the inner hole of the second oil outlet is provided with an inner thread
- the compression nut is provided with an outer thread matched with it, and the compression nut can be rotated and adjusted on the second oil outlet
- the installation depth at the place; the outer end of the compression nut is provided with a cross groove, the valve body is provided with a pin hole at the side wall of the second oil outlet, the pin hole is installed with a limit pin, and the limit The pin is snapped into the cross slot.
- the initial pressure of the first pressure reducing spring and the second pressure reducing spring can be adjusted by rotating the compression nut, that is, the first pressure reducing valve core and the second pressure reducing valve core can be adjusted
- the initial decompression pressure is simple, the structure is simple and the adjustment is convenient, and the compression nut can be limited to prevent rotation through the cooperation of the limit pin and the cross groove, so as to ensure the initial pressure of the spring, and can be adjusted to 1/4 pitch. The smallest unit of adjustment.
- a spring seat is installed inside the valve body on one side of the compression nut, and the first decompression spring and the second decompression spring are positioned respectively through the spring seat.
- installing the spring seat can ensure that the first decompression spring and the second decompression spring are more stable, and the compression nut can be adjusted more smoothly.
- the technical solution of the present invention is: an oil pump for an internal combustion engine, wherein the oil pump for an internal combustion engine is installed with the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention.
- the pressure reduction effect can be stable when the flow is small and the pressure is small, and the pressure reduction effect is rapid when the pressure is large and the flow is large, so as to ensure the safe and reliable use of the oil pump for the internal combustion engine.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention realizes pressure reduction under different working conditions through the first pressure reducing valve core and the second pressure reducing valve core, and the second pressure reducing valve core is suitable for linear pressure reduction in a small flow state to ensure pressure changes. Continuous and stable, the first pressure reducing valve core is suitable for pressure reduction when the pressure rises rapidly and the flow rate is large, ensuring the rapid, safe and reliable pressure reduction effect.
- Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the second pressure reducing valve core of Embodiment 2 of the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the second pressure reducing valve core of Embodiment 3 of the oil pump pressure reducing valve of the present invention
- valve body 11- oil inlet, 12- first oil outlet, 13- second oil outlet, 14- sealing edge, 15- pin hole, 2- compression nut, 21- cross Slot, 3-first pressure reducing valve core, 31- valve core body, 32-sealing end face, 321- pressure reducing oil passage hole, 322-sealing chamfer, 4-second pressure reducing valve core, 41- pressure reducing section , 411-flow relief groove, 42-sealing section, 421-sealing groove, 422-gasket, 423-buckle, 43-spring limit section, 5-first decompression spring, 6-second decompression Spring, 7-limit pin, 8-spring seat.
- the oil pump pressure reducing valve including:
- Valve body 1 the valve body 1 is cylindrical, including an oil inlet 11 at one end of the main body of the oil pump, a first oil outlet 12 on one side of the oil inlet 11, and a second oil outlet at the opposite end of the oil inlet 11. 13.
- a sealing edge 14 is provided between the inside of the oil inlet 11 and the first oil outlet 12;
- Compression nut 2 which is installed on the second oil outlet 13;
- the first pressure reducing valve core 3, which is installed inside the valve body 1, includes a hollow cylindrical valve core body 31 and a sealing end surface 32 located at one end of the valve core body 31.
- the inner hole is clearance fit, the sealing end surface 32 and the sealing edge 14 are abutted to form a seal, and the central position of the sealing end surface 32 is provided with a decompression oil hole 321;
- the second pressure reducing valve core 4 is installed inside the valve core body 31, and includes a pressure reducing section 41, a sealing section 42 and a spring limiting section 43, a pressure reducing section 41 and a pressure reducing oil passage 321 With a clearance fit, the sealing section 42 and the sealing end face 32 form a seal inside.
- the oil pump pressure reducing valve can realize pressure reduction under different working conditions through the first pressure reducing valve core 3 and the second pressure reducing valve core 4, and the second pressure reducing valve core 4 is suitable for linear pressure reduction in a small flow state.
- the first pressure reducing valve core 3 is suitable for pressure reduction when the pressure rises rapidly and the flow rate is large, ensuring the rapid, safe and reliable pressure reduction effect.
- the valve core body 31 is provided with a first decompression spring 5 and a second decompression spring 6. Both ends of the first decompression spring 5 abut between the sealing end surface 32 and the compression nut 2, respectively. Both ends of the compression spring 6 abut between the sealing section 42 and the compression nut 2 respectively, and the second decompression spring 6 and the second decompression valve core 4 are located inside the first decompression spring 5 .
- the second pressure reducing valve core 4 plays a role in reducing pressure, that is, the second pressure reducing spring 6 is compressed; when the pressure is high and the flow is large, the first pressure reducing valve
- the core 3 plays a decompression role or the first pressure reducing valve core 3 and the second pressure reducing valve core 4 play a pressure reducing role at the same time, that is, the first pressure reducing spring 5 and the second pressure reducing spring 6 are compressed at the same time;
- the decompression effect is more stable when the pressure is constantly changing, and the decompression effect is rapid when the pressure suddenly increases.
- an inclined sealing chamfer 322 is provided on the periphery of the sealing end surface 32 , and the sealing edge 14 abuts on the sealing chamfer 322 to form a seal.
- the linear sealing form of the sealing edge 14 and the sealing chamfer 322 can improve the sealing effect, and when the first pressure reducing valve core 3 moves backward, the oil can quickly pass from between the sealing edge 14 and the sealing chamfer 322 Through the open gap, the decompression effect is rapid.
- annular sealing groove 421 is provided on the side of the sealing section 42 close to the sealing end face 32 , and a sealing gasket 422 is installed in the sealing groove 421 .
- the sealing groove 421 is also provided with There is a snap 423, and the outer ring of the gasket 422 is provided with a snap ring that engages with the snap 423 to ensure that the gasket 422 will not fall off under the action of oil pressure;
- the snap 423 can be connected with the sealing groove 421 by screws for convenience For processing, it can also be a ring-shaped integrated structure. It is only necessary to design the sealing pad 422 to engage with the buckles 423 of different structures, and the structure to prevent the sealing pad 422 from falling off is acceptable.
- the decompression section 41 is provided with at least one discharge and decompression groove 411 in the circumferential direction.
- the second pressure reducing valve core 4 starts to open when the oil pressure reaches to overcome the initial pressure of the second pressure reducing spring 6, the oil leaks from the discharge pressure reducing groove 411, and the opening distance of the second pressure reducing valve core 4 is larger. , the greater the oil flow rate at the discharge decompression groove 411, the better the decompression effect, the continuous linear decompression effect, and the stable pressure change.
- the cross-section of the discharge decompression groove 411 is square, the width is constant, and the depth gradually increases from the sealing section 42 to the end face of the decompression section 41 .
- the oil leakage flow rate and the opening distance of the second relief valve core 4 are proportional, which is suitable for the requirement that the relief effect needs to be more stable in the state of small flow rate.
- the cross-section of the leakage relief groove 411 is triangular, and both the width and the depth gradually increase from the sealing section 42 to the end face of the decompression section 41 .
- the oil leakage flow rate and the opening distance of the second relief valve core 4 are in a quadratic proportional relationship, which is suitable for the requirement that the decompression effect is more sensitive when the flow rate is small.
- the inner hole of the second oil outlet 13 is provided with an inner thread
- the compression nut 2 is provided with an outer thread to match it, and the compression nut 2 can be rotated to adjust the installation depth at the second oil outlet 13;
- the outer end of the compression nut 2 is provided with a cross groove 21
- the valve body 1 is provided with a pin hole 15 at the side wall of the second oil outlet 13 . .
- the initial pressure of the first decompression spring 5 and the second decompression spring 6 can be adjusted by rotating the compression nut 2, that is, the initial decompression pressure of the first decompression valve core 3 and the second decompression valve core 4 can be adjusted.
- the structure is simple and the adjustment is convenient, through the cooperation of the limit pin 7 and the cross groove 21, the compression nut 2 can be limited to prevent rotation, ensure the initial pressure of the spring, and can be adjusted with 1/4 pitch as the minimum unit.
- a spring seat 8 is installed inside the valve body 1 on the side of the compression nut 2 , and the first decompression spring 5 and the second decompression spring 6 are positioned respectively by the spring seat 8 .
- installing the spring seat 8 can ensure that the first decompression spring 5 and the second decompression spring 6 are more stable, and the adjustment of the compression nut 2 is smoother.
- the oil pump for an internal combustion engine of the present invention is provided with the above-mentioned oil pump pressure reducing valve.
- the pressure reducing effect can be stable when the flow is small and the pressure is small, and the pressure reducing effect is rapid when the pressure is large and the flow is large, so as to ensure the safe and reliable use of the oil pump for the internal combustion engine.
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Abstract
一种机油泵减压阀，包括：圆柱状阀体（1），其包括机油泵主体一端的进油口（11）、位于进油口一端侧面的第一出油口（12）以及与进油口相对一端的第二出油口（13），进油口内部与第一出油口之间设有密封棱边（14）；压紧螺母（2），其安装于第二出油口；第一减压阀芯（3），其安装于阀体内部，包括中空圆柱状的阀芯主体（31）以及位于阀芯主体一端的密封端面（32），阀芯主体与阀体内孔间隙配合，密封端面与密封棱边相抵形成密封，密封端面中心位置设有减压通油孔（321）；第二减压阀芯（4），其安装于阀芯主体内部，包括减压段（41）、密封段（42）和弹簧限位段（43），减压段与减压通油孔间隙配合，密封段和密封端面内部形成密封。该机油泵减压阀能够实现不同工况下的减压。还公开了一种内燃机用机油泵，安装有该机油泵减压阀。
Description
本发明涉及换热器放泄阀结构领域，更具体的说涉及一种机油泵减压阀，以及使用该减压阀的内燃机用机油泵。
现有的机油泵作用是将柴油机油提高到一定压力后，强制地压送到柴油机各零件的运动表面上，使机油在柴油机润滑系统中循环，以保证内燃机车柴油机得到良好的润滑。当环境温度低、柴油机带动机油泵在低温运行时，机油粘度大，柴油机的机油泵出油口就会出现油压过高现象，其结果是将使柴油机机油滤清器盖密封垫因不能承受过高的机油压力，从而使密封垫破裂，导致机油大量喷出使机车产生机迫停机故障。当然机车柴油机机油泵出油管路上的有压力表传感控制压力，但在压力表损坏或压力传感器损坏的情况下就会出现柴油机油压过高导致机车机迫停运。针对现有技术的解决方法是在机油泵出油口安装减压阀，在压力达到临界值时及时减压。机油泵出油口压力大小除了和油液粘度有关之外，往往和流量大小呈正相关，当流量较小时力求压力稳定，当流量较大时力求泄流迅速，当碰到小流量需要减压的工况时，减压阀的开启会使大部分油液从减压阀流走，虽然起到了减压效果，但是会使机油泵油液输出压力迅速损失，压力变化较快不够稳定，不利于润滑供油。因此，设计一种能够适应不同工况的机油泵减压阀非常关键。
针对现有技术的不足之处本发明提供一种机油泵减压阀，对应的，本发明也提供了安装有该减压阀的内燃机用机油泵。本发明的机油泵减压阀通过第一减压阀芯和第二减压阀芯实现不同工况下的减压，第二减压阀芯适用于小流量状态下线性减压，保证压力变化连续稳定，第一减压阀芯适用于压力迅速升高且流量较大时的减压，保证减压效果迅速安全可靠。
本发明的具体技术方案如下，一种机油泵减压阀，包括：
阀体，所述阀体为圆柱状，包括机油泵主体一端的进油口、位于所述进油口一端侧面的第一出油口以及与所述进油口相对一端的第二出油口，所述进油口内部与所述第一出油口之间设有密封棱边；
压紧螺母，所述压紧螺母安装于所述第二出油口；
第一减压阀芯，所述第一减压阀芯安装于所述阀体内部，包括中空圆柱状的阀芯主体以及位于所述阀芯主体一端的密封端面，所述阀芯主体与所述阀体内孔间隙配合，所述密封端面与所述密封棱边相抵形成密封，所述密封端面中心位置设有减压通油孔；
第二减压阀芯，所述第二减压阀芯安装于所述阀芯主体内部，包括减压段、密封段和弹簧限位段，所述减压段与所述减压通油孔间隙配合，所述密封段和所述密封端面内部形成密封。
由此，所述机油泵减压阀通过所述第一减压阀芯和所述第二减压阀芯能够实现两级减压，所述第二减压阀芯适用于小流量状态下线性减压，保证压力变化连续稳定，所述第一减压阀芯适用于压力迅速升高且流量较大时的减压，保证减压效果迅速安全可靠。
作为本发明的优选，所述阀芯主体内设有第一减压弹簧和第二减压弹簧，所述第一减压弹簧两端分别相抵于所述密封端面和所述压紧螺母之间，所述第二减压弹簧两端分别相抵于所述密封段和所述压紧螺母之间，所述第二减压弹簧和所述第二减压阀芯位于所述第一减压弹簧内部。
由此，在压力较小流量较小时，仅由所述第二减压阀芯起到减压作用，即所述第二减压弹簧被压缩；在压力较大流量较大时，所述第一减压阀芯起到减压作用或者所述第一减压阀芯和所述第二减压阀芯同时起到减压作用，即所述第一减压弹簧和所述第二减压弹簧被同时压缩；使得在压力不断变化过程中减压效果更加稳定，压力突然变大时减压效果迅速。
作为本发明的优选，所述密封端面外围设有倾斜的密封倒角，所述密封棱边相抵于所述密封倒角上形成密封。
由此，所述密封棱边和所述密封倒角的线密封形式能够提高密封效果，并且当所述第一减压阀芯向后移动时，机油能够迅速从所述密封棱边和所述密封倒角之间开启的缝隙中通过，减压效果迅速。
作为本发明的优选，所述密封段接近所述密封端面一侧设有环形的密封槽，所述密封槽内安装有密封垫。
由此，所述第二减压阀芯在开启之前通过所述密封垫和所述第一减压阀芯之间形成密封，密封效果好，保证机油压力较小时不会发生泄漏；所述密封槽内还设有卡扣，所述密封垫外圈设有和所述卡扣卡合的卡环，以保证所述密封垫不会在油压的作用下脱落；所述卡扣可以通过螺钉和所述密封槽连接以方便加工，也可以是环形一体结构，只需设计密封垫和不同结构的卡扣卡合，避免密封垫脱落的结构均可。
作为本发明的优选，所述减压段圆周方向开设有至少一条泄流减压槽，所述泄流减压槽由所述密封段向所述减压段端面方向延伸且截面面积逐渐增大。
由此，所述第二减压阀芯在机油压力达到克服所述第二减压弹簧初始压力时开始开启，机油从所述泄流减压槽处泄露，并且所述第二减压阀芯开启距离越大，所述泄流减压槽处机油通流量越大，减压效果越好，呈连续线性的减压效果，保证压力变化稳定。
作为本发明的优选，所述泄流减压槽截面呈方形，宽度不变，深度由所述密封段向所述减压段端面方向逐渐增大。
由此，所述泄流减压槽截面呈方形时，机油泄露流量和所述第二减压阀芯开启距离呈比例关系，适用于流量较小状态下需要减压效果偏向稳定的需求。
作为本发明的优选，所述泄流减压槽截面呈三角形，宽度和深度均由所述密封段向所述减压段端面方向逐渐增大。
由此，所述泄流减压槽截面呈三角形时，机油泄露流量和所述第二减压阀芯开启距离呈二次方比例关系，适用于流量较小状态下需要减压效果偏向灵敏的需求。
作为本发明的优选，所述第二出油口内孔处设有内螺纹，所述压紧螺母设有与之配合的外螺纹，所述压紧螺母能够旋转调节在所述第二出油口处的安装深度；所述压紧螺母外端设有十字槽，所述阀体位于所述第二出油口侧壁处开设有销孔，所述销孔安装有限位销，所述限位销卡入所述十字槽内。
由此，通过旋转所述压紧螺母能够调节所述第一减压弹簧和所述第二减压弹簧的初始压力，即调节所述第一减压阀芯和所述第二减压阀芯的初始减压压力，结构简单调节方便，通过所述限位销和所述十字槽的配合能够将所述压紧螺母限位防止转动，保证弹簧初始压力，并且能够进行以1/4螺距为最小单位的调节。
作为本发明的优选，所述阀体内部位于所述压紧螺母一侧安装有弹簧座，所述第一减压弹簧和所述第二减压弹簧分别通过所述弹簧座进行定位。
由此，安装所述弹簧座能够保证所述第一减压弹簧和所述第二减压弹簧更加稳定，并且使所述压紧螺母调节更加顺畅。
对于内燃机用机油泵，本发明的技术方案是：一种内燃机用机油泵，所述内燃机用机油泵安装有前述本发明的机油泵减压阀。
由此，所述内燃机用机油泵安装该减压阀后能够保证小流量小压力时减压效果稳定，大流量大压力时减压效果迅速，以保证所述内燃机用机油泵的安全可靠使用。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的机油泵减压阀通过第一减压阀芯和第二减压阀芯实现不同工况下的减压，第二减压阀芯适用于小流量状态下线性减压，保证压力变化连续稳定，第一减压阀芯适用于压力迅速升高且流量较大时的减压，保证减压效果迅速安全可靠。
图1为本发明机油泵减压阀的剖视图；
图2为本发明机油泵减压阀实施例2第二减压阀芯的立体图；
图3为本发明机油泵减压阀实施例3第二减压阀芯的立体图；
图中，1-阀体、11-进油口、12-第一出油口、13-第二出油口、14-密封棱边、15-销孔、2-压紧螺母、21-十字槽、3-第一减压阀芯、31-阀芯主体、32-密封端面、321-减压通油孔、322-密封倒角、4-第二减压阀芯、41-减压段、411-泄流减压槽、42-密封段、421-密封槽、422-密封垫、423-卡扣、43-弹簧限位段、5-第一减压弹簧、6-第二减压弹簧、7-限位销、8-弹簧座。
下面将结合附图，通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
如图1，机油泵减压阀，包括：
阀体1，阀体1为圆柱状，包括机油泵主体一端的进油口11、位于进油口11一端侧面的第一出油口12以及与进油口11相对一端的第二出油口13，进油口11内部与第一出油口12之间设有密封棱边14；
压紧螺母2，压紧螺母2安装于第二出油口13；
第一减压阀芯3，第一减压阀芯3安装于阀体1内部，包括中空圆柱状的阀芯主体31以及位于阀芯主体31一端的密封端面32，阀芯主体31与阀体1内孔间隙配合，密封端面32与密封棱边14相抵形成密封，密封端面32中心位置设有减压通油孔321；
第二减压阀芯4，第二减压阀芯4安装于阀芯主体31内部，包括减压段41、密封段42和弹簧限位段43，减压段41与减压通油孔321间隙配合，密封段42和密封端面32内部形成密封。
由此，机油泵减压阀通过第一减压阀芯3和第二减压阀芯4能够实现不同工况下的减压，第二减压阀芯4适用于小流量状态下线性减压，保证压力变化连续稳定，第一减压阀芯3适用于压力迅速升高且流量较大时的减压，保证减压效果迅速安全可靠。
如图1，阀芯主体31内设有第一减压弹簧5和第二减压弹簧6，第一减压弹簧5两端分别相抵于密封端面32和压紧螺母2之间，第二减压弹簧6两端分别相抵于密封段42和压紧螺母2之间，第二减压弹簧6和第二减压阀芯4位于第一减压弹簧5内部。
由此，在压力较小流量较小时，仅由第二减压阀芯4起到减压作用，即第二减压弹簧6被压缩；在压力较大流量较大时，第一减压阀芯3起到减压作用或者第一减压阀芯3和第二减压阀芯4同时起到减压作用，即第一减压弹簧5和第二减压弹簧6被同时压缩；使得在压力不断变化过程中减压效果更加稳定，压力突然变大时减压效果迅速。
如图1，密封端面32外围设有倾斜的密封倒角322，密封棱边14相抵于密封倒角322上形成密封。
由此，密封棱边14和密封倒角322的线密封形式能够提高密封效果，并且当第一减压阀芯3向后移动时，机油能够迅速从密封棱边14和密封倒角322之间开启的缝隙中通过，减压效果迅速。
如图1、图2，密封段42接近密封端面32一侧设有环形的密封槽421，密封槽421内安装有密封垫422。
由此，第二减压阀芯4在开启之前通过密封垫422和第一减压阀芯3之间形成密封，密封效果好，保证机油压力较小时不会发生泄漏；密封槽421内还设有卡扣423，密封垫422外圈设有和卡扣423卡合的卡环，以保证密封垫422不会在油压的作用下脱落；卡扣423可以通过螺钉和密封槽421连接以方便加工，也可以是环形一体结构，只需设计密封垫422和不同结构的卡扣423卡合，避免密封垫422脱落的结构均可。
如图1，减压段41圆周方向开设有至少一条泄流减压槽411，泄流减压槽411由密封段42向减压段41端面方向延伸且截面面积逐渐增大。
由此，第二减压阀芯4在机油压力达到克服第二减压弹簧6初始压力时开始开启，机油从泄流减压槽411处泄露，并且第二减压阀芯4开启距离越大，泄流减压槽411处机油通流量越大，减压效果越好，呈连续线性的减压效果，保证压力变化稳定。
实施例2（图2）：
如图2，泄流减压槽411截面呈方形，宽度不变，深度由密封段42向减压段41端面方向逐渐增大。
由此，泄流减压槽411截面呈方形时，机油泄露流量和第二减压阀芯4开启距离呈比例关系，适用于流量较小状态下需要减压效果偏向稳定的需求。
实施例3（图3）：
如图3，泄流减压槽411截面呈三角形，宽度和深度均由密封段42向减压段41端面方向逐渐增大。
由此，泄流减压槽411截面呈三角形时，机油泄露流量和第二减压阀芯4开启距离呈二次方比例关系，适用于流量较小状态下需要减压效果偏向灵敏的需求。
如图1，第二出油口13内孔处设有内螺纹，压紧螺母2设有与之配合的外螺纹，压紧螺母2能够旋转调节在第二出油口13处的安装深度；压紧螺母2外端设有十字槽21，阀体1位于第二出油口13侧壁处开设有销孔15，销孔15安装有限位销7，限位销7卡入十字槽21内。
由此，通过旋转压紧螺母2能够调节第一减压弹簧5和第二减压弹簧6的初始压力，即调节第一减压阀芯3和第二减压阀芯4的初始减压压力，结构简单调节方便，通过限位销7和十字槽21的配合能够将压紧螺母2限位防止转动，保证弹簧初始压力，并且能够进行以1/4螺距为最小单位的调节。
如图1，阀体1内部位于压紧螺母2一侧安装有弹簧座8，第一减压弹簧5和第二减压弹簧6分别通过弹簧座8进行定位。
由此，安装弹簧座8能够保证第一减压弹簧5和第二减压弹簧6更加稳定，并且使压紧螺母2调节更加顺畅。
本发明的内燃机用机油泵安装有前述的机油泵减压阀。
由此，内燃机用机油泵安装该减压阀后能够保证小流量小压力时减压效果稳定，大流量大压力时减压效果迅速，以保证内燃机用机油泵的安全可靠使用。
上面所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的构思和范围进行限定。在不脱离本发明设计构思的前提下，本领域普通人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变型和改进，均应落入到本发明的保护范围，本发明请求保护的技术内容，已经全部记载在权利要求书中。
Claims (10)
- 一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于，包括：阀体（1），所述阀体（1）为圆柱状，包括机油泵主体一端的进油口（11）、位于所述进油口（11）一端侧面的第一出油口（12）以及与所述进油口（11）相对一端的第二出油口（13），所述进油口（11）内部与所述第一出油口（12）之间设有密封棱边（14）；压紧螺母（2），所述压紧螺母（2）安装于所述第二出油口（13）；第一减压阀芯（3），所述第一减压阀芯（3）安装于所述阀体（1）内部，包括中空圆柱状的阀芯主体（31）以及位于所述阀芯主体（31）一端的密封端面（32），所述阀芯主体（31）与所述阀体（1）内孔间隙配合，所述密封端面（32）与所述密封棱边（14）相抵形成密封，所述密封端面（32）中心位置设有减压通油孔（321）；第二减压阀芯（4），所述第二减压阀芯（4）安装于所述阀芯主体（31）内部，包括减压段（41）、密封段（42）和弹簧限位段（43），所述减压段（41）与所述减压通油孔（321）间隙配合，所述密封段（42）和所述密封端面（32）内部形成密封。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述阀芯主体（31）内设有第一减压弹簧（5）和第二减压弹簧（6），所述第一减压弹簧（5）两端分别相抵于所述密封端面（32）和所述压紧螺母（2）之间，所述第二减压弹簧（6）两端分别相抵于所述密封段（42）和所述压紧螺母（2）之间，所述第二减压弹簧（6）和所述第二减压阀芯（4）位于所述第一减压弹簧（5）内部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述密封端面（32）外围设有倾斜的密封倒角（322），所述密封棱边（14）相抵于所述密封倒角（322）上形成密封。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述密封段（42）接近所述密封端面（32）一侧设有环形的密封槽（421），所述密封槽（421）内安装有密封垫（422）。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述减压段（41）圆周方向开设有至少一条泄流减压槽（411），所述泄流减压槽（411）由所述密封段（42）向所述减压段（41）端面方向延伸且截面面积逐渐增大。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述泄流减压槽（411）截面呈方形，宽度不变，深度由所述密封段（42）向所述减压段（41）端面方向逐渐增大。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述泄流减压槽（411）截面呈三角形，宽度和深度均由所述密封段（42）向所述减压段（41）端面方向逐渐增大。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述第二出油口（13）内孔处设有内螺纹，所述压紧螺母（2）设有与之配合的外螺纹，所述压紧螺母（2）能够旋转调节在所述第二出油口（13）处的安装深度；所述压紧螺母（2）外端设有十字槽（21），所述阀体（1）位于所述第二出油口（13）侧壁处开设有销孔（15），所述销孔（15）安装有限位销（7），所述限位销（7）卡入所述十字槽（21）内。
- 根据权利要求8所述的一种机油泵减压阀，其特征在于：所述阀体（1）内部位于所述压紧螺母（2）一侧安装有弹簧座（8），所述第一减压弹簧（5）和所述第二减压弹簧（6）分别通过所述弹簧座（8）进行定位。
- 一种内燃机用机油泵，其特征在于：所述内燃机用机油泵安装有权利要求1～9中任一项所述的机油泵减压阀。
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