WO2022213707A1 - 一种电弧焊接装置及其电弧焊方法 - Google Patents

一种电弧焊接装置及其电弧焊方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022213707A1
WO2022213707A1 PCT/CN2022/072995 CN2022072995W WO2022213707A1 WO 2022213707 A1 WO2022213707 A1 WO 2022213707A1 CN 2022072995 W CN2022072995 W CN 2022072995W WO 2022213707 A1 WO2022213707 A1 WO 2022213707A1
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Prior art keywords
welding
arc
side wall
tip
connecting piece
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PCT/CN2022/072995
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English (en)
French (fr)
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范开果
朱志明
王际海
孙如军
季关钰
田吉利
李静
杨斌
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德州学院
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Publication of WO2022213707A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213707A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
    • B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K9/0052—Welding of pipe panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an arc welding device and an arc welding method thereof.
  • the research and development and application of the existing narrow-gap sidewall fusion technology is widely used in the field of gas shielded welding.
  • the self-shielded flux-cored welding wire has very good wind resistance, easy operation, and is widely used in field welding operations.
  • the wire exit point of the welding torch should be as close as possible to the flat end face of the workpiece, so that the welding wire and the flat end face of the workpiece form an arc molten pool
  • the welding of the side wall is realized by manually tilting the angle of the welding torch, which leads to defects such as low welding accuracy, low welding efficiency and high labor intensity.
  • the design of the welding torch is one of the key technologies in the narrow gap welding technology of the flat end face of the self-shielded flux-cored wire.
  • the wire exit point and the rotation center of the welding torch need to have a certain angle of eccentricity.
  • the existing self-shielded flux-cored welding torch adopts the eccentric processing method of the end of the wire exit point of the welding torch.
  • the welding torch has a large amount of thermal deformation and wears very fast, and the consistency of the wire angle cannot be guaranteed. Especially in the long-term welding of thick plates, the service life of the welding torch is short, and even the welding torch needs to be replaced during the welding process, which affects the repeatability of the welding process. performance and post-weld joint quality.
  • an arc welding device comprising:
  • the welding power source electrode connector one end is connected to the welding power source electrode, and the other end is connected to the welding gun rotating mechanism connector;
  • the connecting piece of the welding torch rotating mechanism is a hollow cylindrical body, and one end is connected with the rotating mechanism;
  • the welding rod is a hollow cylindrical body, one end of which is coaxially connected to the other end of the connecting piece of the welding gun rotating mechanism;
  • the arc-shaped curved welding tip is a hollow cylindrical body formed by connecting a straight section and a curved section, and the straight section is connected to the other end of the welding rod.
  • a slewing mechanism is also included,
  • the slewing mechanism includes a first motor, a driving gear, a driven gear,
  • the output shaft of the first motor is coaxially connected with the driving gear, the driven gear is meshed with the teeth of the driving gear, and the driven gear is coaxially connected with the connecting piece of the welding torch rotating mechanism, thereby driving the welding torch to rotate.
  • a width adjustment mechanism is also included, and the width adjustment mechanism includes:
  • the second motor the output shaft of the second motor is coaxially connected with the drive screw
  • a drive screw the axial direction of the drive screw is perpendicular to the side wall of the welding seam, the rotary mechanism is fixedly connected with the nut screwed on the drive screw,
  • a slide rail, the nut is slidably connected with the slide rail.
  • the pressing and fixing block has a central hole, and the pressing and fixing block penetrates into the connecting piece of the welding gun rotary mechanism from one side wall of the welding gun rotary mechanism, so that the central hole thereof is It is concentric with the connecting piece of the welding torch swivel mechanism, and the upper end of the welding rod passes through the central hole, and the tightening screw screwed into the side wall of the other side of the connecting piece of the welding torch rotating mechanism abuts the pressing and fixing block, so that the pressing and fixing block is pressed.
  • the center hole pushes the welding rod, thereby fixing the position of the welding rod.
  • At least one of the pressing and fixing block, the connecting piece of the welding torch rotating mechanism, and the welding power source electrode is made of brass material.
  • the straight line segment is connected with the other end of the welding rod by a thread.
  • the welding rod is made of chrome zirconium copper or brass, and the welding tip is made of chrome zirconium copper material.
  • the present invention also provides an arc welding method, which adopts the above-mentioned arc welding device to perform the following steps:
  • the tip of the welding wire extending from the arc-shaped curved welding tip is adjusted to face the side wall of the welding seam by the rotary mechanism, and the distance between the tip of the welding wire and the side wall is adjusted with the width adjustment mechanism, wherein the curvature radius of the curved welding tip makes the welding When the welding rod does not arc with the side wall;
  • the welding of the side weld is completed along the length of the weld on one side of the other side wall.
  • the range of the angle ⁇ between the projection of the welding wire in the projection plane of the welding seam width and the side wall is between 9° and 45°, and the range of the angle ⁇ between the projection of the welding wire in the horizontal projection plane and the side wall. Between 35° and 90°.
  • the welding seam width of the welding seam is between 15 and 23 mm.
  • the arc welding device of the invention is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient in use, high in control precision, and excellent in welding effect.
  • the arc bending can ensure that the tip of the welding wire has a certain distance from the center of rotation of the welding torch.
  • the welding rod is far away from the arc area and the molten pool area, and is hardly affected by the arc heat, the wear amount and thermal deformation are small, and the wire outlet angle is more stable, which is convenient for the welding process of the welding torch.
  • the movement and precise control, the service life is greatly improved.
  • the welding torch of the present invention has a rotary motion around itself, and the welding torch is driven to rotate by the rotary mechanism, so that the tip of the welding wire and the end face form a certain angle (35-90°).
  • the welding torch moves in the direction of the weld to drive the arc center to move along the side wall to complete the welding, and when the welding torch welds the other side wall, it only needs to rotate the symmetrical angle, that is The corresponding welding can be completed.
  • the welding torch has high flexibility.
  • the center of the welding torch By controlling the center of the welding torch to move and rotate along the center of the welding seam, the arc center is controlled to move on both side walls according to the predetermined control, and the welding of the entire welding seam is completed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of a welding torch, a rotary mechanism, and a width adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a welding gun according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a welding tip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view showing a pressing and fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view showing a pressing and fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a welding front view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of welding showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart showing an arc welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the arc welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • step S1 the tip of the welding wire is adjusted to face the side wall of the welding seam (ie, the flat end face of the workpiece) through the rotating mechanism, and the distance between the welding wire and the side wall is adjusted through the width adjustment mechanism.
  • the angle ⁇ between the projection of the welding wire in the projection plane of the welding seam width and the side wall is in the range of 9° to 45°
  • the angle ⁇ between the projection of the welding wire in the horizontal projection plane and the side wall is in the range of 35° ° ⁇ 90°.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of the weld
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the weld.
  • the angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ ensure the welding wire and the side wall arc starting point molten pool position, prevent the welding rod 2 and the side wall from arcing, so that the welding seam weld pool position and the like meet the technical requirements related to the welding process.
  • the precise control of the arc area and the molten pool area is realized, which ensures that the narrow gap sidewall welding has a sufficient fusion amount.
  • the narrow gap means that the width of the welding seam is between 15 mm and 23 mm.
  • step S2 the welding of the side weld is completed along the length direction of the weld on one side of the side wall.
  • Step S3 after the welding of one side is completed, the tip of the welding wire is rotated to face the other side wall by the rotary mechanism, and the distance between the welding wire and the other side wall is adjusted by the width adjustment mechanism. As shown in Figure 7, according to the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 7, adjust the welding torch to the corresponding position required by the other side of the process.
  • Step S4 the welding of the side welding seam is completed along the length direction of the welding seam on one side of the other side wall.
  • the arc welding apparatus includes a rotary mechanism, a width adjustment mechanism, and a welding torch.
  • the slewing mechanism includes a first motor 9 , a driving gear 8 , and a driven gear 7 .
  • the axis of the first motor 9 is vertical, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the driving gear 8 .
  • the axis of the driven gear 7 is parallel to the driving gear 8 and the gear teeth mesh, thereby driving the driven gear 7 to rotate.
  • the driven gear 7 is coaxially connected to the connecting piece 4 of the welding torch rotating mechanism at the upper end of the welding torch, so that the welding torch can be driven to rotate.
  • the width adjustment mechanism includes a second motor 10 , a drive screw 11 , a slide rail 13 , a welding torch connection part 14 , and a coupling.
  • the axis of the second motor 10 is arranged horizontally, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the drive screw 11 , the nut 131 is screwed on the drive screw 11 , and the nut 131 is slidably connected to the slide rail 13 .
  • the slewing mechanism is connected with the nut 131.
  • the slewing mechanism can be fixedly connected with the nut 131 through the welding torch connecting part 14 integrated with it, and the nut 131 is screwed with the drive screw 11.
  • the nut 131 drives the rotation
  • the mechanism can move horizontally.
  • the axial direction of the drive screw 11 is perpendicular to the side wall of the welding seam, so that the position of the welding torch in the width direction of the welding seam can be adjusted.
  • the first motor of the slewing mechanism can also be replaced by a hydraulic or pneumatic motor.
  • the output shaft of the first electric motor 9 is directly connected to the connection piece 4 of the welding torch swivel mechanism through a coupling.
  • other such as rack and pinion drive, worm gear drive, chain drive, etc. can be used as the slewing mechanism.
  • the width adjustment mechanism can also have various alternatives, for example, hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders, linear push rods, etc. can be used as the width adjustment mechanism. These alternatives are not detailed here.
  • the first motor and the second motor are preferably servo motors.
  • the wire feeding motor 100 is used for feeding the welding wire for the welding gun, and finally the welding wire 16 passes through the welding nozzle 2 of the welding gun, and the gap between the two sections of the steel rail 15 is the welding seam.
  • the welding torch includes an arc-shaped bending welding tip 1, a welding rod 2, a pressing and fixing block 3, a welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4, a copper braid 5, and a welding power electrode connecting piece 6.
  • the welding rod pressing and fixing block 3, the welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4, the copper braided belt 5, the welding power electrode connecting piece 6, etc. can all be made of brass materials to ensure that the entire welding torch has very good electrical conductivity. Of course, this embodiment does not exclude other conductive materials.
  • the connection part 4 of the rotary mechanism and the electrode connection part 6 of the welding power source are connected by a copper braided belt 5, which has the advantages of convenient manufacturing, simple maintenance and good electrical conductivity, thus ensuring that the whole welding torch has good electrical conductivity and welding during the welding process. Process stability.
  • the connecting piece 4 of the welding torch rotating mechanism is used to connect with the driven gear 7 so as to be driven to rotate by the driven gear 7 .
  • the connecting piece 4 of the welding torch rotating mechanism has a through vertical cavity, the upper end of the welding rod 2 is coaxially penetrated into the cavity and fixed, and the lower end of the welding rod 2 extends out.
  • the welding rod 2 is a cylindrical body with a hollow cavity, and the inner wall of the lower end of the welding rod 2 is provided with a thread of a certain length, which is convenient for connection with the arc-shaped curved welding tip 1 . Only the welding tip needs to be replaced during the welding operation, which greatly reduces the welding cost.
  • the welding rod 2 is less replaced during use, and the processing material of the welding rod 2 can be chromium zirconium copper. Since it is farther away from the arc area and the molten pool area, the thermal deformation is smaller. In order to reduce the cost, materials with good conductivity such as brass can also be used.
  • the structure of the arc-shaped curved welding tip 1 is shown in FIG. 3 , which includes an integrally formed straight line segment D1 and a curved segment D2 connected.
  • the upper end of the straight segment D1 is an external thread, which is used for threaded connection with the lower end of the welding rod 2 . It mainly realizes the connection between the correction guide of the welding wire and the welding rod 2 .
  • the bending section D2 realizes the bending and guiding function of the welding wire, and the bending section D2 cooperates with the wire feeder 100 to ensure the stability of the eccentric distance (ie the wire outlet angle) of the welding wire 16.
  • the eccentric distance of the entire welding wire is related to the bending radius R.
  • the arc bending welding tip can be made of chromium zirconium copper material, which has the advantages of good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance, explosion resistance, crack resistance and high softening temperature.
  • the welding wire penetrates from the connecting piece 4 of the welding torch rotary mechanism, enters the welding tip 1 through the welding rod 2, and passes through the lower end of the welding tip 1.
  • the transition of the welding wire from straight to bending occurs at the intersection of the straight line segment D1 and the curved segment D2, which is far from the arc area and the molten pool area.
  • the traditional eccentric processing method of the welding tip has less wear, stronger thermal deformation resistance, longer service life, and better stability of the wire outlet angle during the welding process.
  • the width adjustment mechanism can adjust the position of the welding wire in the width direction of the welding seam, which has stronger adaptability to the welding seam and higher precision of motion control, which is very suitable for automatic arc welding with narrow gaps on the flat end face of the self-protected flux-cored welding wire.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressing and fixing block 3 , and the pressing and fixing block 3 has a central hole 31 .
  • the pressing and fixing block 3 penetrates into the welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4 from one side wall of the welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4, so that the central hole 31 thereof is concentric with the vertical cavity of the welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4, and the welding rod.
  • the upper end of 2 passes through the central hole 31, and by screwing the tightening screw 17 from the other side wall of the welding torch rotating mechanism connecting piece 4 against the pressing and fixing block 3, so that the central hole 31 of the pressing and fixing block 3 is pressed.
  • Push the welding rod 2 so that the side wall of the welding rod 2 is in close contact with the inner wall of the vertical cavity of the connecting piece 4 of the welding torch rotating mechanism, thereby fixing the position of the welding rod 2 .

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Abstract

一种电弧焊接装置及其电弧焊方法，装置包括：焊接电源电极连接件（6），一端连接焊接电源电极，另一端连接焊枪回转机构连接件（4）；焊枪回转机构连接件（4），为中空柱状体，一端与回转机构连接；焊杆（2），为中空柱状体，一端同轴连接在焊枪回转机构连接件（4）的另一端；弧形弯曲焊嘴（1），为直线段（D1）和弯曲段（D2）连接而成的中空柱状体，其直线段（D1）与焊杆（2）的另一端连接。通过控制焊枪中心沿焊缝中心移动和旋转，使电弧熔池按照预定控制在两侧壁的移动，完成整个侧壁焊缝的焊接。

Description

一种电弧焊接装置及其电弧焊方法
本申请要求于2021年4月7日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021103714709，发明名称为“一种电弧焊方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及焊接技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种电弧焊接装置及其电弧焊方法。
背景技术
现有的窄间隙侧壁熔合技术的研发与应用在气体保护焊领域应用广泛，自保护药芯焊丝具有非常好的抗风性能，操作简便，在野外焊接作业中应用非常广泛。
采用自保护药芯焊丝进行厚板自动焊接时，由于焊接过程中，焊渣、药皮等的存在，自动控制难度高，窄间隙焊接领域研发与应用较少，且多存在于手工焊接方式。在厚板焊接场合下，为了保证焊接质量和焊缝成形，工件端面需要开出一定角度的坡口，增加了施工工艺难度，降低了焊接效率。例如现在的野外管道焊接，大多采用端面开坡口的形式。在野外焊接应用的某些场景，通常对焊接时间有非常高的要求，且受施工条件限制，工件端面也很难加工出一定角度，例如在铁路线上钢轨修复焊接时，由于天窗点比较短，焊接时间要求非常严格，由于钢轨截面高度尺寸都在140mm以上，端面加工一定角度的坡口不仅需要更多的作业时间和加工设备，且增加了焊缝面积，因此，为了提高焊接效率，自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊接时需要采用平端面的厚板窄间隙焊接技术。
在自保护药芯焊丝平端面窄间隙焊接作业中，为保证工件平端面焊接过程中的熔合量，焊枪出丝点应尽可能地靠近工件平端面，从而使焊丝与工件平端面形成电弧熔池，实现焊接；同时考虑电弧最小原理，焊枪与工件平端面又要有一定的距离，从而保证焊枪除焊丝点部位不与平端面发生起弧，因 此需要严格控制焊丝从焊枪伸出点的位置，从而实现窄间隙侧壁熔合的精确控制，保证药皮、焊渣不对熔敷金属产生较多影响。在自保护药芯焊丝手工电弧焊中，依靠人工倾斜焊枪的角度，实现侧壁的焊接，导致焊缝精度不高，焊接效率低，劳动强度大等缺陷。
因此在自保护药芯焊丝平端面窄间隙焊接技术中，焊枪的设计是关键的技术之一。自保护药芯焊丝窄间隙平端面自动焊接过程中，为了保证窄间隙的侧壁熔合焊接，焊丝出丝点与焊枪的回转中心需要具有一定角度的偏心。现有的自保护药芯焊丝焊枪采用焊枪出丝点端部偏心加工的方式，该种焊枪虽然加工使用方便，初始的出丝点控制精确，但是在焊接过程中偏心位置离电弧区太近，焊枪受热变形量大，磨损非常快，无法保证出丝角度的一致性，尤其在厚板长时间的焊接中，焊枪的使用寿命短，甚至需要焊接过程中更换焊枪，影响了焊接过程的可重复性和焊后接头质量。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明提供一种电弧焊接装置，包括：
焊接电源电极连接件，一端连接焊接电源电极，另一端连接焊枪回转机构连接件；
焊枪回转机构连接件，为中空柱状体，一端与所述回转机构连接；
焊杆，为中空柱状体，一端同轴连接在所述焊枪回转机构连接件的另一端；
弧形弯曲焊嘴，为直线段和弯曲段连接而成的中空柱状体，其直线段与焊杆的另一端连接。
可选地，还包括回转机构，
所述回转机构包括第一电机，主动齿轮，从动齿轮，
第一电机的输出轴与主动齿轮同轴连接，从动齿轮与主动齿轮轮齿啮合，从动齿轮与焊枪回转机构连接件同轴连接，从而驱动焊枪回转。
可选地，还包括宽度调整机构，宽度调整机构包括：
第二电机，第二电机输出轴与传动丝杠同轴连接，
传动丝杠，传动丝杠的轴向垂直于焊缝的侧壁，所述回转机构与旋合在所述传动丝杠上的螺母固定连接，
滑轨，所述螺母与滑轨滑动连接。
可选地，还包括压紧固定块，所述压紧固定块具有中心孔，压紧固定块从焊枪回转机构连接件的一侧侧壁穿入到焊枪回转机构连接件内，使得其中心孔与焊枪回转机构连接件同心，焊杆的上端从该中心孔穿过，通过在焊枪回转机构连接件另一侧侧壁旋入的紧固螺钉顶靠该压紧固定块，使得压紧固定块的中心孔推动焊杆，从而固定焊杆的位置。
可选地，压紧固定块、焊枪回转机构连接件、焊接电源电极中至少一个是由黄铜材料制成。
可选地，所述直线段与焊杆的另一端为螺纹连接。
可选地，焊杆由铬锆铜或黄铜制成，焊嘴由铬锆铜材料制成。
本发明还提供一种电弧焊方法，采用以上所述的电弧焊接装置进行以下步骤：
通过回转机构调节从弧形弯曲焊嘴伸出的焊丝丝尖朝向焊缝侧壁，并配合宽度调整机构调节焊丝丝尖与该侧壁的距离，其中，所述弯曲焊嘴的曲率半径使得焊接时焊杆不与侧壁起弧；
在所述侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接；
通过回转机构将焊丝丝尖旋转至朝向焊缝另一侧壁，并通过宽度调整机构调节焊丝丝尖与该另一侧壁的距离；
在所述另一侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接。
可选地，焊丝在焊缝宽度投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度α的范围在9°～45°之间，焊丝在水平投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度β范围在35°～90°之间。
可选地，焊缝的焊缝宽度在15～23mm之间。
本发明的电弧焊接装置结构简单成本低，使用方便控制精度高，焊接效果优良。采用弧形弯曲，可以保证焊丝丝尖与焊枪的回转中心有一定的距离。与现有的偏心焊嘴相比，焊杆离电弧区、熔池区比较远，几乎不受电弧热影响，磨损量、热变形很小，出丝角度更稳定，便于焊接过程焊枪熔池点的运动和精确控制，使用寿命大大提高。实践表明现有的偏心焊嘴通常连续焊接时长15分钟就需要更换焊嘴，而本申请的焊枪连续焊接工作10小时，焊嘴出丝角度仍能满足工艺要求，焊接接头的焊接质量也远高于传统的偏心焊嘴。
并且由于通常野外加工精度有限，焊缝宽度有一定的偏差，本发明的焊枪具有绕自身的回转运动，焊枪通过回转机构带动旋转，使焊丝的丝尖与端面形成一定角度(35～90°)，从而保证电弧熔池始终在平端面与水平焊缝的夹角处，焊枪沿焊缝方向移动带动电弧中心沿侧壁运动完成焊接，焊枪焊接另一侧壁时，只需要旋转对称角度，即可完成相应的焊接。另外还具有沿焊缝宽度方向的调整运动，使得焊枪具有较高的柔性。通过控制焊枪中心沿焊缝中心移动和旋转，使电弧中心按照预定控制在两侧壁的移动，完成整个焊缝的焊接。
附图说明
通过结合下面附图对其实施例进行描述，本发明的上述特征和技术优点将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。
图1是表示本发明实施例的焊枪与回转机构、宽度调整机构的组装示意图；
图2是表示本发明实施例的焊枪的剖视图；
图3是表示本发明实施例的焊嘴的剖视图；
图4是表示本发明实施例的压紧固定块的俯视图；
图5是表示本发明实施例的压紧固定块的侧视图；
图6是表示本发明实施例的焊接正视图；
图7是表示本发明实施例的焊接俯视图；
图8是表示本发明实施例的电弧焊方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图来描述本发明所述的实施例。本领域的普通技术人员可以认识到，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以用各种不同的方式或其组合对所描述的实施例进行修正。因此，附图和描述在本质上是说明性的，而不是用于限制权利要求的保护范围。此外，在本说明书中，附图未按比例画出，并且相同的附图标记表示相同的部分。
如图8所示，本发明实施例的电弧焊方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，通过回转机构调节焊丝丝尖朝向焊缝侧壁((即工件平端面))， 并通过宽度调整机构调节焊丝与该侧壁的距离。其中，焊丝在焊缝宽度投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度α的范围在9°～45°之间，焊丝在水平投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度β范围在35°～90°之间。
如图6是焊缝的正视图，图7是焊缝的俯视图。角度α、角度β保证焊丝与侧壁起弧点熔池位置，防止焊杆2与侧壁起弧，使焊缝熔池位置等满足焊接工艺相关的技术要求。根据焊接方向，通过α和β角，实现了电弧区和熔池区的精确控制，保证了窄间隙侧壁焊接具有足够的熔合量。其中，所述窄间隙是指焊缝宽度在15～23mm之间。
步骤S2，在所述侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接。
步骤S3，在焊接完成一侧后，通过回转机构将焊丝丝尖旋转至朝向另一侧壁，并通过宽度调整机构调节焊丝与该另一侧壁的距离。如图7所示，按照图7箭头所示方向，调节焊枪到达另外一侧工艺要求的相应位置。
步骤S4，在所述另一侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接。
下面说明用于本发明电弧焊的电弧焊接设备的结构，电弧焊接设备包括回转机构、宽度调整机构以及焊枪。如图1所示，回转机构包括第一电机9、主动齿轮8、从动齿轮7。第一电机9轴线竖向，其输出轴与主动齿轮8同轴连接，从动齿轮7与主动齿轮8轴线平行且轮齿啮合，从而驱动从动齿轮7回转。从动齿轮7与焊枪上端的焊枪回转机构连接件4同轴连接，从而可以驱动焊枪回转。
宽度调整机构包括第二电机10、传动丝杠11、滑轨13、焊枪连接部件14、联轴器。第二电机10轴线水平设置，其输出轴与传动丝杠11同轴连接，螺母131旋合在传动丝杠11上，螺母131与滑轨13滑动连接。回转机构与螺母131连接，例如回转机构可以是通过与其一体的焊枪连接部件14与螺母131固定连接，通过螺母131与传动丝杠11旋合，在第二电机10的驱动下，螺母131带动回转机构可以水平移动。并且，传动丝杠11的轴向垂直于焊缝的侧壁，从而可以调节焊枪在焊缝宽度方向的位置。
需要说明的是，以上所述回转机构仅是示例性的，例如回转机构的第一电机也可以用液压或气动马达代替。例如将第一电机9的输出轴通过联轴器直接与焊枪回转机构连接件4连接。或者其他例如齿轮齿条传动、涡轮蜗杆传动、链传动等都可以作为回转机构。同样的，宽度调整机构也可以具有多 种替代方案，例如可以利用液压缸、气缸、直线推杆等来作为宽度调节机构。这些替代方案在此不做详述。另外，所述第一电机和第二电机优选为伺服电机。
其中，送丝电机100用于为焊枪输送焊丝，最终焊丝16从焊枪的焊嘴2中穿出，两段钢轨15之间的间隙为焊缝。
下面说明焊枪的结构，如图2所示，焊枪包括弧形弯曲焊嘴1、焊杆2、压紧固定块3、焊枪回转机构连接件4、铜编织带5、焊接电源电极连接件6。
焊杆压紧固定块3、焊枪回转机构连接件4、铜编织带5、焊接电源电极连接件6等都可以采用黄铜材料制成，保证整个焊枪具有非常好的导电性能。当然本实施例并不排除其他导电材料。回转机构连接件4与焊接电源电极连接件6之间采用铜编织带5连接，具有加工制造方便，维护简单，导电性能好等优点，从而保证了整个焊枪具有良好的导电性和焊接过程中焊接工艺的稳定性。
焊枪回转机构连接件4用于与从动齿轮7连接，从而由从动齿轮7带动回转。在所述焊枪回转机构连接件4上具有贯通的竖向的空腔，所述焊杆2的上端同轴穿入到该空腔内并固定，焊杆2的下端延伸出来。
焊杆2为具有中空腔体的柱状体，焊杆2下端的内壁设置有一定长度的螺纹，便于与弧形弯曲焊嘴1的连接。焊接作业中只需要更换焊嘴即可，大大降低了焊接成本。焊杆2在使用过程中更换较少，焊杆2的加工材料可以为铬锆铜。由于距离电弧区和熔池区更远，热变形较小，为了降低成本，亦可采用黄铜等导电性好的材料。
弧形弯曲焊嘴1的结构如图3所示，其包括一体成型的直线段D1和弯曲段D2连接。直线段D1的上端为外螺纹，用于与焊杆2的下端螺纹连接。主要实现焊丝的校正导向与焊杆2的连接。弯曲段D2实现焊丝的弯曲导向作用，弯曲段D2与送丝机100共同作用，保证焊丝16偏心距离(即出丝角度)的稳定性，整个焊丝的偏心距离大小与弯曲半径R相关。弧形弯曲焊嘴可以由铬锆铜材料制成，具有导电性好、导热性好，硬度高，耐磨抗爆，抗裂性以及软化温度高的优点。
焊丝从焊枪回转机构连接件4穿入，经过焊杆2进入焊嘴1，并从焊嘴1的下端穿出。焊丝由直线往弯曲转变的位置发生在直线段D1、弯曲段D2交接 位置，该位置远离电弧区和熔池区，而且焊丝的弯曲段为圆弧过渡，具有较大的曲率半径，因此相对于传统的焊嘴偏心加工方式，该焊嘴的磨损更小，抗热变形能力更强，使用寿命更长，焊接过程中焊丝出丝角度保持的稳定性更好。而且宽度调整机构可以调整焊丝在焊缝宽度方向的位置，对焊缝的适应能力更强，运动控制精度更高，非常适合自保护药芯焊丝平端面窄间隙自动电弧焊接。
图4为压紧固定块3的结构示意图，压紧固定块3具有中心孔31。压紧固定块3从焊枪回转机构连接件4的一侧侧壁穿入到焊枪回转机构连接件4内，使得其中心孔31与焊枪回转机构连接件4的竖向的空腔同心，焊杆2的上端从该中心孔31穿过，通过从焊枪回转机构连接件4的另一侧侧壁旋入紧固螺钉17顶靠该压紧固定块3，使得压紧固定块3的中心孔31推动焊杆2，使得焊杆2的侧壁与焊枪回转机构连接件4竖向的空腔内壁紧靠，从而固定焊杆2的位置。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，包括：
    焊接电源电极连接件，一端连接焊接电源电极，另一端连接焊枪回转机构连接件；
    焊枪回转机构连接件，为中空柱状体，一端与所述回转机构连接；
    焊杆，为中空柱状体，一端同轴连接在所述焊枪回转机构连接件的另一端；
    弧形弯曲焊嘴，为直线段和弯曲段连接而成的中空柱状体，其直线段与焊杆的另一端连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，还包括回转机构，所述回转机构包括第一电机，主动齿轮，从动齿轮，
    第一电机的输出轴与主动齿轮同轴连接，从动齿轮与主动齿轮轮齿啮合，从动齿轮与焊枪回转机构连接件同轴连接，从而驱动焊枪回转。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，还包括宽度调整机构，宽度调整机构包括：
    第二电机，第二电机输出轴与传动丝杠同轴连接，
    传动丝杠，传动丝杠的轴向垂直于焊缝的侧壁，所述回转机构与旋合在所述传动丝杠上的螺母固定连接，
    滑轨，所述螺母与滑轨滑动连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，还包括压紧固定块，所述压紧固定块具有中心孔，压紧固定块从焊枪回转机构连接件的一侧侧壁穿入到焊枪回转机构连接件内，使得其中心孔与焊枪回转机构连接件同心，焊杆的上端从该中心孔穿过，通过在焊枪回转机构连接件另一侧侧壁旋入的紧固螺钉顶靠该压紧固定块，使得压紧固定块的中心孔推动焊杆，从而固定焊杆的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，
    压紧固定块、焊枪回转机构连接件、焊接电源电极中至少一个是由黄铜材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，
    所述直线段与焊杆的另一端为螺纹连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电弧焊接装置，其特征在于，
    焊杆由铬锆铜或黄铜制成，焊嘴由铬锆铜材料制成。
  8. 一种电弧焊方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电弧焊接装置进行以下步骤：
    通过回转机构调节从弧形弯曲焊嘴伸出的焊丝丝尖朝向焊缝侧壁，并配合宽度调整机构调节焊丝丝尖与该侧壁的距离，其中，所述弯曲焊嘴的曲率半径使得焊接时焊杆不与侧壁起弧；
    在所述侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接；
    通过回转机构将焊丝丝尖旋转至朝向焊缝另一侧壁，并通过宽度调整机构调节焊丝丝尖与该另一侧壁的距离；
    在所述另一侧壁一侧沿焊缝长度方向完成该侧焊缝的焊接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电弧焊方法，其特征在于，
    焊丝在焊缝宽度投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度α的范围在9°～45°之间，焊丝在水平投影面内的投影与侧壁之间的角度β范围在35°～90°之间。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电弧焊方法，其特征在于，
    焊缝的焊缝宽度在15～23mm之间。
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CN117961399A (zh) * 2024-03-29 2024-05-03 常州市华瑞焊割机械有限公司 一种焊枪管调整机构及具有该机构的焊枪
CN117961399B (zh) * 2024-03-29 2024-06-04 常州市华瑞焊割机械有限公司 一种焊枪管调整机构及具有该机构的焊枪

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