WO2017215525A1 - 大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法 - Google Patents

大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法 Download PDF

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WO2017215525A1
WO2017215525A1 PCT/CN2017/087743 CN2017087743W WO2017215525A1 WO 2017215525 A1 WO2017215525 A1 WO 2017215525A1 CN 2017087743 W CN2017087743 W CN 2017087743W WO 2017215525 A1 WO2017215525 A1 WO 2017215525A1
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Prior art keywords
welding
double
friction stir
aluminum alloy
stir welding
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PCT/CN2017/087743
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范振昌
邬舟平
郭立杰
赵维刚
宿国友
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上海航天设备制造总厂
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Priority to EP17812636.3A priority Critical patent/EP3470163A4/en
Publication of WO2017215525A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017215525A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of forming and welding of metal pipes, in particular to a double-sided welding double-side forming method for a large-diameter aluminum alloy pipe spiral friction stir welding device.
  • Large-diameter aluminum alloy pipe is a metal pipe with an outer diameter of more than 600mm. It is mainly used in aerospace, energy and electric power fields. At present, large-diameter aluminum alloy pipes can only be obtained by arc welding through straight seam and circumferential seam welding. Straight seam welded aluminum alloy pipe is formed by bending a square plate and welding it with a tooling.
  • the processing efficiency is relatively low; the welding portion is a straight line, and the stress is relatively concentrated; the quality of the TIG welding and the MIG welding in the aluminum arc welding is unstable, and the processing efficiency is low (0.2 m/ Min)
  • the large-diameter aluminum alloy tube which leads to straight seam welding has low efficiency, low yield and poor rigidity and strength; plasma welding has high requirements on the processing technology.
  • the automatic processing of high-strength large-diameter aluminum alloy pipe will be possible by spiral friction stir welding technology, and its welding speed can reach 1m/min.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the welding method of the aluminum alloy tube by using the existing arc welding method is low in efficiency and poor in quality; in order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a double-sided welding of a spiral stir welding device for a large diameter aluminum alloy tube. Double-sided molding method.
  • the double-sided welding double-side forming method for the large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding device comprises:
  • Step 1 The delivery machine feeds the aluminum alloy plate into the roller set, and the roller set bends the aluminum alloy plate into a tube;
  • Step 2 Supporting the aluminum tube and performing internal friction stir welding
  • Step 3 Support the aluminum tube and perform external friction stir welding.
  • the wrong side of the tube is parallel to the opposite side of the opposite side direction is less than 0.2 mm, and the wrong side perpendicular to the opposite side direction is less than 0.2 mm.
  • the aluminum tube is externally supported at 270°, and the inner friction stir welding is performed from the inside of the aluminum plate, and the external supporting force is 20 to 30 kN.
  • the fourth quadrant in the aluminum tube and the inner welded outer support wheel are supported at a position of 15 to 25 degrees, and the friction stir welding head is placed outside the aluminum tube.
  • the invention has the advantages that: friction stir welding is adopted, and the defects of many welding defects and low yield are effectively solved, and the processing speed of 5 times relative to the welding can be realized. High efficiency, high quality and automatic processing of large diameter aluminum alloy tubes are realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a device used for a double-sided welding double-sided forming method of a large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of an outer welded inner support wheel used in a double-sided welding double-sided forming method for a large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing a butt joint of a double-sided welding double-sided forming method for a large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the double-sided welding double-sided forming device for the large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding of the present invention comprises: a roller set, an inner welded outer support wheel 3 , an outer welding head 4 , and an outer welded inner support wheel 7.
  • the roller set includes: a first roller set 2, a second roller set 6, and a third roller set 5, and the first roller set moves up and down to realize molding requirements of various steel pipe specifications.
  • the second roller set 6 can be pressed in parallel or tilted up and down to bend and press the aluminum alloy plate; the third roller set moves horizontally to meet the requirements of different pipe diameters.
  • the method of bending the plate material to the plate material is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the aluminum alloy sheet 10 enters the roller set at an acute angle, and the rotating shaft of the roller set is perpendicular to the direction in which the aluminum alloy plate enters the double-sided forming apparatus.
  • the roller set bends the aluminum alloy plate into a cylinder, and the pair of wires of the cylinder is a spiral.
  • the oblique sides of the aluminum alloy plates are butted, the gap b of the butt edge parallel to the opposite side is less than 0.2 mm, and the amount of misalignment perpendicular to the opposite side is a. Less than 0.2mm, the excessive amount of the gap leads to poor welding quality and is not strong. The opposite sides cannot overlap.
  • the inner welding outer support wheel 3, the outer welding head 4, the outer welding inner support wheel 7, and the inner welding head 9 are disposed to meet the position of the inner welding outer support wheel 3 and the inner welding head 9 after bending into a cylinder. Corresponding, They are respectively located on the outer surface and the inner surface of the cylinder; when the inner surface portion is welded, the inner welded outer support wheel 3 provides a supporting force at a corresponding position on the outer surface of the cylinder.
  • the circumferential direction of the outer welded inner support wheel is parallel to the welding trajectory; the circumferential direction of the inner welded outer support wheel is parallel to the welding trajectory.
  • a rectangular coordinate system is established in the section perpendicular to the axis of the aluminum alloy tube, and the outer friction stir welding is performed at the 270° position because the 270° position has the highest edge accuracy; the inner welding head is mounted on the beam 8, which can be realized.
  • the movement in the front and rear direction within 20mm is used to find and adjust the inner solder joints, and can move within 60mm in the up and down direction for replacing the inner stirring head.
  • the outer welding head 4 is in the fourth quadrant and has an angle ⁇ with the inner welding head 9 of 15 to 25°, such as 18° and 20°.
  • the outer welder is mounted on an external abutment to achieve movement within 20 mm of the front and rear direction. It is used to find and adjust the outer solder joints and to move within 60 mm of the up and down direction.
  • the beam is slotted for placement of the nose box, and the relative movement of the beam and the head box is achieved by a combination of an electric cylinder plus a slider or a combination of a motor and a ball screw.
  • the surface of the outer welded inner support wheel has grooves distributed in the circumferential direction, the groove is used to avoid the flash generated by the internal friction stir welding, and the width of the outer welded inner support wheel and the tube is 13-16 mm. .
  • the welding method for the double-diameter welding double-sided forming device of the large-diameter aluminum alloy tube spiral friction stir welding provided by the invention comprises:
  • Step 1 The delivery machine feeds the aluminum alloy plate into the roller set, and the roller set bends the aluminum alloy plate into a cylinder;
  • Step 2 Supporting the aluminum tube and performing internal friction stir welding
  • Step 3 Support the aluminum tube and perform external friction stir welding.
  • a milling machine prior to bending the aluminum alloy sheet into a barrel, is also included to mill the aluminum alloy sheet.
  • the inner welding is performed first and then the outer welding.
  • First internal welding helps shape the aluminum tube and improves the quality of the weld.
  • the invention solves the welding method efficiency of the large-diameter aluminum alloy pipe at present, the yield is low, the rigidity and the fineness
  • the disadvantages of insufficient degree and strength make high-quality, high-efficiency automated processing of large-diameter aluminum alloy tubes.

Abstract

一种大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊双面焊双面成型方法，包括：步骤一、递送机将铝合金板送入辊轮组，辊轮组对铝合金板弯曲成管；步骤二、对铝管外支撑并进行内搅拌摩擦焊；步骤三、对铝管内支撑并进行外搅拌摩擦焊。采用搅拌摩擦焊，有效解决了熔焊缺陷多，成品率低的缺点，实现了大口径铝合金管的高效率、高质量、自动化加工。

Description

大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法 技术领域
本发明涉及金属管材的成型焊接领域，特别是涉及大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法。
背景技术
大口径铝合金管是外径大于600mm的金属管材，主要应用于航天、能源及电力等领域，目前大口径铝合金管只能采用电弧焊通过直缝加环缝焊接得到。直缝焊接铝合金管是由方板弯曲成型，用工装固定后进行焊接而成。由于弯曲成型固定需要大量的时间，所以其加工效率比较低；焊接部位为一直线，其应力也比较集中；铝电弧焊中的TIG焊和MIG焊的质量不稳定，加工效率低(0.2m/min)导致直缝焊接而成的大口径铝合金管效率、成品率低，刚度、强度差；等离子焊对加工工艺要求很高。随着螺旋焊接技术和搅拌摩擦焊技术日趋成熟，高强度的大口径铝合金管材的自动加工将通过螺旋搅拌摩擦焊接技术成为可能，其焊接速度可以达到1m/min。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是采用现有电弧焊方法焊接铝合金管效率低、质量差；为解决所述问题，本发明提供提供一种大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法。
本发明提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法包括：
步骤一、递送机将铝合金板送入辊轮组，辊轮组对铝合金板弯曲成管；
步骤二、对铝管外支撑并进行内搅拌摩擦焊；
步骤三、对铝管内支撑并进行外搅拌摩擦焊。
进一步，所述步骤一所成筒平行于对边边方向的错边小于0.2mm，垂直于对边边方向的错边小于0.2mm。
进一步，所述步骤二中，在铝管270°处外支撑，从铝板内部进行内搅拌摩擦焊，外支撑力为20～30kN。
进一步，所述步骤三中，在铝管内第四象限与内焊接外支撑轮成15～25°位置处支撑，搅拌摩擦焊接机头放置于铝管外。
进一步，先内焊，再外焊。
本发明的优点在于：采用搅拌摩擦焊，有效解决熔焊缺陷多，成品率低的缺点，可实现相对于熔焊5倍的加工速度。实现了大口径铝合金管的高效率、高质量、自动化加工。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法采用的装置的结构图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法采用的外焊接内支撑轮的结构图。
图3是本发明实施例提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法弯曲成管的对接边示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施 的限制。
其次，本发明利用示意图进行详细描述，在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，所述示意图只是实例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。
由背景技术可知，现有的大口径铝合金管的螺旋搅拌摩擦焊接的成型方法效率低、焊接质量差；发明人研究认为，这是由于电弧焊的特性所引起；搅拌摩擦焊是一种高效高质量的焊接方法，但是将搅拌摩擦焊用于焊接铝合金管一个急需解决的问题就是焊接支撑。发明人经过进一步研究，在本发明中提供一种大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊双面焊双面成型装置及方法。
下文中，结合附图和实施例对本发明的精神和实质作进一步阐述。
如图1所示，本发明提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊双面焊双面成型装置包括：辊轮组，内焊接外支撑轮3，外焊接机头4，外焊接内支撑轮7，梁8和内焊接机头9；所述辊轮组将铝合金板10卷曲成管；所述内焊接外支撑轮3位于管外部，外焊接内支撑轮7位于管内部。
继续参考图1，所述的辊轮组包括：第一辊轮组2、第二辊轮组6、第三辊轮组5，第一辊轮组上下移动实现各种钢管规格的成型要求，第二辊轮组6即可平行压下也可以上下倾斜，对铝合金板进行弯曲下压；第三辊轮组水平水平移动以适应不同管径的要求。辊轮组对板状材料弯曲成型的方法已为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不再详述。
所述铝合金板10沿一个锐角进入辊轮组，所述辊轮组的旋转轴与铝合金板进入双面成型装置的方向垂直。所述辊轮组将铝合金板弯曲成筒，所述筒的对接线为螺旋线。为了避免焊接时对接边产生叠边，如图3所示，铝合金板斜边对接，对接边平行于对边边方向的间隙量b小于0.2mm，垂直于对边边方向的错边量a小于0.2mm，间隙量过大会导致焊接质量差、不牢固。对边不能重叠。
设置内焊接外支撑轮3，外焊接机头4，外焊接内支撑轮7，和内焊接机头9的位置，满足弯曲成筒后，内焊接外支撑轮3和内焊接机头9的位置相对应， 分别位于筒的外表面和内表面；在内表面部焊接时，内焊接外支撑轮3在筒的外表面对应位置提供支撑力。
继续参考图1，外焊接内支撑轮的周向与焊接轨迹平行；内焊接外支撑轮的周向与焊接轨迹平行。在铝合金管垂直于轴线的截面内建立直角坐标系，在270°位置进行外支撑内搅拌摩擦焊接，因为270°位置对边精度最高；所述内焊接机头安装在梁8上，可实现前后方向20mm以内的移动，用于寻找和调整内焊焊点，并可实现上下方向60mm以内的移动，用于更换内搅拌头。所述的外焊接机头4在第四象限，与内焊接机头9的夹角β为15～25°，比如18°、20°。外焊机安装在外部基台上，可实现前后方向20mm以内的移动，用于寻找和调整外焊焊点，并可实现上下方向60mm以内的移动。
梁内开槽，用于放置机头箱，梁和机头箱相对移动通过电动缸加滑块的组合或电机加滚珠丝杠的组合实现。
参考图2，外焊接内支撑轮的表面具有沿周向左右分布的槽，所述槽用于避开内搅拌摩擦焊接产生的飞边，外焊接内支撑轮与管接触的宽度为13～16mm。在一个实例中，外焊接内支撑轮的左右各铣出b＝10mm左右的槽，用于避开内搅拌摩擦焊接产生的飞边，留出a＝15mm左右的轮提供搅拌摩擦焊接所需的20-30kN的顶锻力。
本发明提供的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊双面焊双面成型装置的焊接方法包括：
步骤一、递送机将铝合金板送入辊轮组，辊轮组对铝合金板弯曲成筒；
步骤二、对铝管外支撑并进行内搅拌摩擦焊；
步骤三、对铝管内支撑并进行外搅拌摩擦焊。
在本发明的其他实施例中，在对铝合金板弯曲成筒之前，还包括铣边机对铝合金板进行铣边。在本发明的实施例中，先内焊，再外焊。先内焊有助于为铝管定型，可以提高焊接质量。
本发明解决了大口径铝合金管现阶段焊接方法效率，成品率低，刚度、精 度、强度不足的弊端，实现大口径铝合金管的高质量、高效率的自动化加工。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤一、递送机将铝合金板送入辊轮组，辊轮组对铝合金板弯曲成管；
    步骤二、对铝管外支撑并进行内搅拌摩擦焊；
    步骤三、对铝管内支撑并进行外搅拌摩擦焊。
  2. 依据权利要求1所述的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一所成筒平行于对边边方向的错边小于0.2mm，垂直于对边边方向的错边小于0.2mm。
  3. 依据权利要求1所述的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中，在铝管270°处外支撑，从铝板内部进行内搅拌摩擦焊，外支撑力为20～30kN。
  4. 依据权利要求1所述的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中，在铝管内第四象限与外焊接内支撑轮15～25°位置处支撑，搅拌摩擦焊接机头放置于铝管外。
  5. 依据权利要求1所述的大口径铝合金管螺旋搅拌摩擦焊装置的双面焊双面成型方法，其特征在于，先内焊，再外焊。
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