WO2022213639A1 - 动力电池总成及车辆 - Google Patents

动力电池总成及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022213639A1
WO2022213639A1 PCT/CN2021/135936 CN2021135936W WO2022213639A1 WO 2022213639 A1 WO2022213639 A1 WO 2022213639A1 CN 2021135936 W CN2021135936 W CN 2021135936W WO 2022213639 A1 WO2022213639 A1 WO 2022213639A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
box body
battery assembly
power battery
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/135936
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢军
孙焕丽
许立超
乔延涛
荣常如
孙士杰
刘鹏
姜云峰
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FAW Group Corp
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FAW Group Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2022213639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213639A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power batteries, for example, to a power battery assembly and a vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles have the characteristics of high energy efficiency, zero emissions, no pollution, high specific energy, low noise and high reliability.
  • the power battery system can ensure the driving of the whole vehicle, the electricity demand of high and low voltage components, the recovery of braking energy, and the energy regulation of the hybrid engine system.
  • the present application provides a power battery assembly and a vehicle, which can prevent the flame from rapidly spreading to the battery module on the opposite side of the battery module when the battery module fails, and prevent the high-pressure gas generated by combustion from being rapidly discharged from the battery pack.
  • a power battery assembly including:
  • a battery case the battery case includes a box body and a cover plate buckled on the box body, a longitudinal beam is arranged in the box body, the longitudinal beam penetrates the box body and divides the box body into two parts an installation slot, and a side wall of the box body close to one end of the longitudinal beam is provided with a accommodating cavity;
  • each battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules, the two battery packs are respectively arranged in the two installation slots, and the positive and negative poles of the plurality of battery modules are facing the box body the side wall;
  • a high-voltage line includes a high-voltage copper bar, and the high-voltage copper bar is arranged in the gap between the two battery packs and between the battery pack and the side wall of the box, the high-voltage copper bar electrically connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module;
  • a low-voltage line includes a low-voltage wiring harness, a control main board and a control sub-board, the low-voltage wiring harness is arranged between the two battery packs, and the low-voltage wiring harness is electrically connected to the control main board and the control sub-board , the control sub-board is arranged between the two battery packs, and the control main board is arranged in the accommodating cavity.
  • the power battery assembly can also include:
  • the active fuse is arranged at the midpoint of the high-voltage line, and the midpoint is the midpoint of the voltage in the entire high-voltage line, and the active fuse is electrically connected to the control motherboard;
  • An intelligent power distribution box the intelligent power distribution box is connected in series with the high-voltage copper bars, and the intelligent power distribution box is communicatively connected with the control main board.
  • the high-voltage copper bar may include a copper bar and a cladding material covering the outside of the copper bar.
  • the power battery assembly may further include a cooling mechanism, and the cooling mechanism may include:
  • cooling pipe is arranged between the battery pack and the side wall of the box;
  • a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate is arranged on the bottom plate of the box body, and the liquid cooling plate is communicated with the cooling pipe.
  • the distance between the cooling pipe and the high-voltage copper bar located between the battery pack and the side wall of the box may be 5mm-10mm.
  • Each installation slot may be provided with a plurality of beams, the plurality of beams divide the installation slot into a plurality of spaces, the battery module can be placed in each space, and the height of the beam is not lower than the height of the The height of the battery module.
  • the inside of the box body may be provided with an insulating layer.
  • the power battery assembly may further include an explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve is disposed on the side wall of the box on the opposite side of the accommodating cavity, and the explosion-proof valve is close to an end of the longitudinal beam away from the accommodating cavity.
  • the power battery assembly can also include:
  • each battery module is provided with at least one pressure sensor
  • the smoke sensor is arranged in the box;
  • a plurality of the control sub-boards may be provided, and the plurality of control sub-boards are respectively electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the smoke sensor and the voltage monitor.
  • a vehicle including the power battery assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery assembly provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the box provided by the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control sub-board provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-voltage copper bar provided by the present application.
  • the terms “center”, “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inner”, “outer” etc. refer to the orientation or position The relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore It should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. Therein, the terms “first position” and “second position” are two different positions.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it may be a mechanical connection or a Electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it may be a mechanical connection or a Electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include the first feature and the second feature in direct contact, or the first feature and the second feature are not in direct contact but Contact through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the power battery assembly includes a battery casing, two battery packs 2 , a high-voltage line 3 and a low-voltage line 4 .
  • the battery housing includes a box body 1 and a cover plate buckled on the box body 1.
  • a longitudinal beam 11 is arranged in the box body 1.
  • the longitudinal beam 11 penetrates the box body 1 and divides the box body 1 into two installation slots 12.
  • the box body 1 A side wall near one end of the longitudinal beam 11 is provided with a receiving cavity 13 .
  • the battery pack 2 includes a plurality of battery modules 21 , and the two battery packs 2 are respectively disposed in the two installation slots 12 .
  • the high-voltage circuit 3 includes a high-voltage copper bar 31 .
  • the high-voltage copper bar 31 is arranged between the two battery packs 2 and the gap between the battery pack 2 and the side wall of the box 1 . pole electrical connection.
  • the low-voltage circuit 4 includes a low-voltage wiring harness 43, a control main board 41 and a control sub-board 42.
  • the low-voltage wiring harness 43 is arranged between the two battery packs 2, and the low-voltage wiring harness 43 is electrically connected to the control main board 41 and the control sub-board 42.
  • the control sub-board 42 is provided with Between the two battery packs 2 , the control main board 41 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 13 .
  • the longitudinal beam 11 of the box body 1 improves the structural strength of the box body 1, and divides the box body 1 into two installation slots 12, and the two battery packs 2 are respectively installed in the two installation slots 12, in the middle of the two battery packs 2 That is, the position of the longitudinal beam 11 forms a channel, and the control sub-board 42 is arranged between the two battery packs 2, which can shorten the distance of the sampling harness between the modules, speed up the response, and monitor the battery safety status more accurately and in a timely manner. It can also effectively block the high temperature and high pressure gas and electrolyte sprayed by the thermal runaway module, which can ensure that the battery module 21 can only be thermally runaway alone, and cannot quickly spread to the opposite module.
  • the high-voltage copper bars 31 between the two battery packs 2 do not need to be interrupted or branched to connect the electrodes, that is, the two battery packs 2
  • the high-voltage copper bar 31 between them is a complete through structure.
  • the power battery assembly determines the number of battery modules 21 required according to the design of the vehicle, and then the length of the longitudinal beam 11 in the direction can be changed according to the number of battery modules 21 to achieve various arrangements of the number of battery modules 21 , such as arrangement 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 battery modules 21.
  • the power battery can also change the length perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal beam 11 according to the length of the battery module 21 to adapt to the battery modules 21 of different lengths, such as the battery modules 21 of 355mm, 390mm and 590mm and the battery modules 21 of 600mm and 900mm.
  • the size of the blade battery module 21 is the size of the blade battery module 21.
  • the power battery assembly may also include an active fuse 5 and an intelligent power distribution box 7 .
  • the active fuse 5 is arranged at the midpoint of the high-voltage line 3, and is also the midpoint of the voltage in the entire high-voltage line.
  • the active fuse 5 is electrically connected to the control main board 41, and the intelligent power distribution box 7 is connected in series with the high-voltage copper bar 31 for intelligent power distribution.
  • the box 7 is connected in communication with the control main board 41 .
  • the intelligent power distribution box 7 can monitor the value of the current in the circuit in the high-voltage line 3. When the battery module 21 is thermally out of control, a short circuit occurs, and the current in the circuit increases significantly. The intelligent power distribution box 7 detects the abnormality and sends the information to the control.
  • the main board 41 controls the main board 41 to control the active fuse 5 to blow. When the battery is thermally out of control, the battery module 21 will explode and burn violently. At this time, the thermal runaway module and the lower box 1 are basically in a short-circuit state, and high-voltage arcing is very likely to occur.
  • the active fuse 5 is located in the middle of the high-voltage circuit. Once the active fuse 5 is cut off to disconnect the entire high-voltage circuit, the voltage at each end is only half of the total voltage, which avoids high-voltage arcing caused by thermal runaway and effectively delays Battery thermal runaway.
  • the positive and negative poles of the battery modules 21 are facing the side wall of the box 1, that is, the outside of the two battery modules 21, in order to arrange the high-voltage output parts around the two battery packs 2, in order to make the power battery total.
  • the high-voltage line 3 and the low-voltage line 4 do not affect each other, and the active fuse 5 is arranged at a position close to the longitudinal beam 11 .
  • the active fuse 5 is blown, the high-voltage copper bar 31 between the two battery packs 2 is disconnected, so that the high-voltage line 3 of the power battery assembly is located around the two battery packs 2, and the low-voltage line 4 is located in the two battery packs 2.
  • the thermal runaway occurring at the high-voltage output part will not spread the burning flame to the low-voltage place, effectively delaying the thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the high-voltage copper bar 31 includes a copper bar 311 and a cladding material 312 covering the outside of the copper bar 311 .
  • the coating material 312 is a non-metallic material with high temperature resistance and insulation, including mica, high temperature ceramics, special aerogel, etc.
  • the coating material 312 can guarantee the high temperature and high pressure gas and electrolyte when the battery module 21 thermally runs out of control.
  • the high-voltage copper bar 31 can maintain the structural integrity so as to effectively block the gas and electrolyte and conduct the gas flow.
  • the power battery assembly may further include a cooling mechanism 6 , and the cooling mechanism 6 includes a cooling pipe 61 and a liquid cooling plate 62 .
  • the cooling pipe 61 is disposed between the battery pack 2 and the side wall of the case 1 .
  • the liquid cooling plate 62 is arranged on the bottom plate of the box body 1 , and the liquid cooling plate 62 communicates with the cooling pipe 61 .
  • the liquid cooling plate 62 is provided with a plurality of channels inside, and the cooling liquid flows through the channels that can absorb the battery module 21.
  • the heat cools the battery module 21 .
  • the cooling pipe 61 circulates the cooling liquid, and transports the heat absorbed from the battery module 21 to the outside for discharge.
  • the distance between the cooling pipe 61 and the high-voltage copper bar 31 located between the battery pack 2 and the side wall of the case 1 is 5 mm-10 mm.
  • the high-voltage positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 21 are very prone to thermal runaway due to high current charging and discharging. Once thermal runaway occurs here, the flame will quickly spray to the water pipe, destroying the water pipe.
  • the coolant in the water pipe is a non-flammable liquid.
  • the thermal runaway flame at the positive and negative poles of the battery module 21 can be quickly extinguished, effectively delaying the thermal runaway.
  • each installation slot 12 is provided with a plurality of beams 14, and the plurality of beams 14 divide the installation slot 12 into a plurality of spaces, each space can place the battery module 21, and the beam 14 is not low in the battery module 21 .
  • the height of the beam 14 is higher than that of the battery modules 21, which can separate the battery modules 21.
  • an insulating and heat insulation layer is provided inside the box 1 .
  • the insulating layer is a high-temperature-resistant insulating material with a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.02W/(m*k).
  • the high-temperature-resistant insulating material is sprayed into the interior of the box 1, which can not only delay the spread of thermal runaway, but also effectively act as a driving force.
  • the battery assembly provides a heat preservation function to save power consumption in winter.
  • the power battery assembly may also include an explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve is disposed on the side wall of the box body 1 on the opposite side of the accommodating cavity 13 , and the explosion-proof valve is close to the end of the longitudinal beam 11 away from the accommodating cavity 13 .
  • the explosion-proof valve can discharge the gas to the outside of the power battery assembly when a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module 21. Since the high-pressure copper bar 31 has a guiding effect on the gas, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the longitudinal beam 11 away from the accommodating cavity. One end of 13 can directly discharge the gas guided by the high-pressure copper bar 31, thereby shortening the flow path of the high-pressure gas.
  • the power battery assembly further includes a plurality of pressure sensors 8, smoke sensors and voltage monitors.
  • Each battery module 21 is provided with at least one pressure sensor 8 .
  • the smoke sensor is arranged in the box body 1 .
  • the voltage monitor is connected in parallel with the high voltage line 3 .
  • control main board 41 In order to enable the control main board 41 to identify the signals of various sensors, there are multiple control sub-boards 42, and the plurality of control sub-boards 42 are respectively electrically connected to the pressure sensor 8, the smoke sensor and the voltage monitor. Each sensor is electrically connected to at least one control sub-board 42 , which enables the control main board 41 to effectively identify the sensor signals, and comprehensively analyze the state of the power battery assembly, so as to discover hidden dangers in the power battery assembly in time and take the initiative to prevent them.
  • the smoke sensor is integrated into the all-in-one controller, and the all-in-one controller also integrates the water temperature sensor and flow regulator of the coolant, which can monitor the temperature of the coolant and Flow regulation.
  • This embodiment also provides a vehicle, the vehicle includes the above-mentioned power battery assembly, which effectively delays the thermal runaway of the battery, and can realize a lightweight design on the basis of ensuring the safety of the vehicle, especially the power battery assembly, which not only ensures the safety of the occupants, And can save energy.
  • the application provides a power battery assembly and a vehicle.
  • battery packs composed of a plurality of battery modules are respectively arranged in the installation slots on both sides of the longitudinal beam, and the high-voltage copper bar and the control sub-board are arranged between the two battery packs, which can effectively block the
  • the high temperature and high pressure gas and electrolyte sprayed by the thermal runaway module ensure that the battery module can only thermally runaway alone, and cannot quickly spread to the opposite module.
  • a large amount of gas generated by the thermally runaway battery pack will gather together, which will form a great pressure, and the high-voltage copper bar in the middle can play a good role in diversion, so that local high pressure will not be generated inside the power battery assembly, greatly reducing the pressure. Reduced risk of explosion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种动力电池总成及车辆。该动力电池总成包括电池壳体、两个电池组（2）、高压线路（3）及低压线路（4）。电池壳体包括箱体（1），箱体（1）内设置有纵梁（11），纵梁（11）将箱体（1）分成两个安装槽（12）；每个电池组（2）包括多个电池模组（21），两个电池组（21）分别设置于两个安装槽（12）内，多个电池模组（21）的正负极均朝向箱体（1）的侧壁；高压线路（3）包括高压铜排（31），高压铜排（31）设置于两个电池组（21）之间及每个电池组（21）与箱体（1）的侧壁之间的间隙；低压线路（4）包括低压线束（43）及控制子板（42），控制子板设（42）置于两个电池组（21）之间。

Description

动力电池总成及车辆
本申请要求在2021年04月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110379145.7的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池技术领域，例如涉及一种动力电池总成及车辆。
背景技术
新能源汽车的发展前景非常广阔。新能源汽车具有能量效率高、零排放、无污染、比能量高、噪音低、可靠性高等特点。动力电池系统作为新能源电池车的储能部件，可以保证整车的行驶、高低压零部件的用电需求、制动能量回收、混合动力发动机系统能量调节等功能。
然而动力电池总成的安全性一直是质量的关键，随着高能量高功率的电池总成需求快速发展，带来电池总成的一系列安全问题。动力电池失效时容易起火燃烧，并迅速蔓延至整个电池包，动力电池产生的高压气体聚积存在爆炸风险，严重威胁乘员的生命。
发明内容
本申请提出一种动力电池总成及车辆，能够在电池模组失效时，防止火焰迅速蔓延至该电池模组对侧的电池模组，以及防止将燃烧产生的高压气体快速排出电池包。
提供一种动力电池总成，包括：
电池壳体，所述电池壳体包括箱体及扣在所述箱体上的盖板，所述箱体内设置有纵梁，所述纵梁贯通所述箱体并将所述箱体分成两个安装槽，所述箱体靠近所述纵梁一端的一个侧壁设置有容纳腔；
两个电池组，每个电池组包括多个电池模组，所述两个电池组分别设置于所述两个安装槽内，所述多个电池模组的正负极均朝向所述箱体的侧壁；
高压线路，所述高压线路包括高压铜排，所述高压铜排设置于所述两个电池组之间及所述电池组与所述箱体的侧壁之间的间隙，所述高压铜排与所述电池模组的正负极电连接；
低压线路，所述低压线路包括低压线束、控制主板及控制子板，所述低压 线束设置于所述两个电池组之间，所述低压线束与所述控制主板及所述控制子板电连接，所述控制子板设置于所述两个电池组之间，所述控制主板设置于所述容纳腔内。
动力电池总成还可以包括：
主动熔断器，所述主动熔断器设置于所述高压线路的中点，并且所述中点是整个所述高压线路中电压的中点，所述主动熔断器与所述控制主板电连接；
智能配电盒，所述智能配电盒与所述高压铜排串联，所述智能配电盒与所述控制主板通讯连接。
所述高压铜排可以包括铜排及包覆于所述铜排外部的包覆材料。
动力电池总成还可以包括冷却机构，所述冷却机构可以包括：
冷却管，所述冷却管设置于所述电池组与所述箱体的侧壁之间；
液冷板，所述液冷板设置于所述箱体的底板上，所述液冷板与所述冷却管连通。
所述冷却管与位于所述电池组与所述箱体的侧壁之间的高压铜排的距离可以为5mm-10mm。
每个安装槽内可以设置有多个横梁，所述多个横梁将所述安装槽分隔成多个空间，每个空间内能够放置所述电池模组，所述横梁的高度不低于所述电池模组的高度。
所述箱体的内部可以设置有绝缘隔热层。
动力电池总成还可以包括防爆阀，所述防爆阀设置于所述箱体位于所述容纳腔对侧的侧壁，且所述防爆阀靠近所述纵梁远离所述容纳腔的一端。
动力电池总成还可以包括：
多个压力传感器，每个电池模组设置有至少一个压力传感器；
烟雾传感器，所述烟雾传感器设置于所述箱体内；
电压监测器，所述电压监测器与所述高压线路并联连接。
所述控制子板可以设置有多个，多个控制子板分别与所述压力传感器、烟雾传感器及所述电压监测器电连接。
还提供一种车辆，包括所述的动力电池总成。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的动力电池总成的结构示意图；
图2是本申请提供的箱体的结构示意图；
图3是本申请提供的控制子板的结构示意图；
图4是本申请提供的高压铜排的结构示意图。
图中：
1、箱体；2、电池组；3、高压线路；4、低压线路；5、主动熔断器；6、冷却机构；7、智能配电盒；8、压力传感器；
11、纵梁；12、安装槽；13、容纳腔；14、横梁；21、电池模组；31、高压铜排；41、控制主板；42、控制子板；43、低压线束；61、冷却管；62、液冷板；
311、铜排；312、包覆材料。
具体实施方式
下面描述本申请的实施例，实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。其中，术语“第一位置”和“第二位置”为两个不同的位置。
除非另有规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。可以根据实际情况理解上述术语在本申请中的含义。
除非另有规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括 第一特征和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一特征和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下面结合附图并通过实施方式来说明本申请的技术方案。
本实施例提供了一种动力电池总成。如图1-图3所示，该动力电池总成包括电池壳体、两个电池组2、高压线路3及低压线路4。电池壳体包括箱体1及扣在箱体1上的盖板，箱体1内设置有纵梁11，纵梁11贯通箱体1并将箱体1分成两个安装槽12，箱体1靠近纵梁11一端的一个侧壁设置有容纳腔13。电池组2包括多个电池模组21，两个电池组2分别设置于两个安装槽12内，电池模组21的正负极均朝向箱体1的侧壁。高压线路3包括高压铜排31，高压铜排31设置于两个电池组2之间及电池组2与箱体1的侧壁之间的间隙，高压铜排31与电池模组21的正负极电连接。低压线路4包括低压线束43、控制主板41及控制子板42，低压线束43设置于两个电池组2之间，低压线束43与控制主板41及控制子板42电连接，控制子板42设置于两个电池组2之间，控制主板41设置于容纳腔13内。
箱体1的纵梁11提高了箱体1的结构强度，并将箱体1分成两个安装槽12，两个电池组2分别安装于两个安装槽12内，在两个电池组2中间也就是纵梁11的位置形成了一个通道，将控制子板42布置在两个电池组2之间，可以缩短模组之间采样线束的距离，响应速度加快，更准确更及时监控电池安全状态；还可以有效阻隔热失控模组喷射的高温高压气体及电解液等，可以保证电池模组21只能单独热失控，无法快速蔓延至对面模组。由于电池模组21的正负极均朝向箱体1的侧壁，使得两个电池组2之间的高压铜排31不需要间断或出现分支来连接电极，也就是说两个电池组2之间的高压铜排31为完整贯穿结构。电池模组21发生热失控产生大量气体时，这些气体聚集在一起会形成极大的压力，而由于位于两个电池组2之间的高压铜排31从前至后贯穿，可以起到良好的导流作用，防止局部高压，降低了爆炸的风险。
该动力电池总成根据车辆的设计确定需要的电池模组21的数量，进而可以根据电池模组21的数量改变纵梁11方向的长度实现多种电池模组21数量的布置，例如布置4、6、8、10、12及14块电池模组21。同理，该动力电池还可根据电池模组21的长度更改垂直于纵梁11方向的长度，以适应不同长度的电池模组21，例如355mm、390mm、590mm的电池模组21以及600mm、900mm 尺寸的刀片电池模组21。
该动力电池总成还可以包括主动熔断器5及智能配电盒7。主动熔断器5设置于高压线路3的中点，并且也是整个高压线路中电压的中点，主动熔断器5与控制主板41电连接，智能配电盒7与高压铜排31串联，智能配电盒7与控制主板41通讯连接。
智能配电盒7在高压线路3中能够监测电路中电流的数值，当电池模组21热失控时发生短路，电路中的电流大幅升高，智能配电盒7检测到异常将信息发送给控制主板41，控制主板41控制主动熔断器5熔断。当电池热失控时，电池模组21会发生剧烈的爆炸燃烧，此时热失控模组与下箱体1基本是短路状态，极容易发生高压拉弧现象。主动熔断器5位于高压回路的正中间，一旦切断主动熔断器5将整个高压回路断开，每一端的电压仅有总电压的二分之一，避免了热失控造成的高压拉弧，有效延缓电池热失控。
电池模组21的正负极均朝向箱体1的侧壁，也就是两个电池模组21的外侧，是为了将高压输出部位设置于两个电池组2的四周，为了使该动力电池总成在热失控时高压线路3及低压线路4互不影响，主动熔断器5设置于靠近纵梁11的位置。当主动熔断器5熔断时，位于两个电池组2之间的高压铜排31被断路，使得此时动力电池总成的高压线路3位于两个电池组2的四周，低压线路4位于两个电池组2之间，没有相互干扰，高压输出部位发生的热失控不会将燃烧的火焰蔓延至低压处，有效延缓电池热失控。
如图4所示，高压铜排31包括铜排311及包覆于铜排311外部的包覆材料312。包覆材料312是一种耐高温且绝缘的非金属材料，包括云母、高温陶瓷、特种气凝胶等，包覆材料312能够在电池模组21热失控喷出高温高压气体及电解液时保证高压铜排31能够保持结构的完整性以有效阻隔气体及电解液并对气体起导流作用。
该动力电池总成还可以包括冷却机构6，冷却机构6包括冷却管61及液冷板62。冷却管61设置于电池组2与箱体1的侧壁之间。液冷板62设置于箱体1的底板上，液冷板62与冷却管61连通。
电池模组21设置在安装槽12内时与箱底的液冷板62贴合，换热面积大，液冷板62内部设置有多个通道，冷却液从通道流过能够吸收电池模组21的热量使电池模组21降温。冷却管61使冷却液循环流动，将从电池模组21中吸收的热量运送到外部排放。
其中，冷却管61与位于电池组2与箱体1的侧壁之间的高压铜排31的距离为5mm-10mm。电池模组21的高压正负极非常容易因大电流充放电引起热失 控，一旦这里发生热失控，火焰会迅速喷射向水管，将水管破坏，水管中的冷却液是一种不可燃的液体，可以迅速浇灭电池模组21正负极处的热失控火焰，有效延缓热失控。
为了提高箱体1的强度，每个安装槽12内设置有多个横梁14，多个横梁14将安装槽12分隔成多个空间，每个空间内能够放置电池模组21，横梁14不低于电池模组21。横梁14的高度高于电池模组21，能将电池模组21间隔开来，一旦一区域的模组发生热失控，短时间内只能限制在本区域内部，无法快速蔓延。
为了阻隔每个空间中因电池模组21热失控产生的热量，防止高温引起相邻的电池模组21失控，箱体1的内部设置有绝缘隔热层。绝缘隔热层是一种耐高温绝缘材料，导热系数≤0.02W/(m*k)，将耐高温绝缘材料喷涂到箱体1的内部，既能够延缓热失控的蔓延，又能够有效为动力电池总成提供保温功能，节省冬季电耗。
该动力电池总成还可以包括防爆阀，防爆阀设置于箱体1位于容纳腔13对侧的侧壁，且防爆阀靠近纵梁11远离容纳腔13的一端。防爆阀能够在电池模组21热失控产生大量高温高压气体时将气体排出到动力电池总成外部，由于高压铜排31对气体有导流作用，故将防爆阀设置于纵梁11远离容纳腔13的一端，能够将高压铜排31导流的气体直接排出，缩短高压气体的流动路径。
为了从多维度对动力电池总成的热失控进行监测，该动力电池总成还包括多个压力传感器8、烟雾传感器及电压监测器。每个电池模组21设置有至少一个压力传感器8。烟雾传感器设置于箱体1内。电压监测器与高压线路3并联连接。
当一个电池模组21发生热失控时，产生大量高温高压的气体，电池模组21的外壳发生起鼓或动力电池总成内部的压力发生急剧变化时，压力传感器8被触发并报警。电池模组21热失控时产生大量的气体触发烟雾传感器。或者一个电池模组21失效导致电压快速降低，触发电压监测器。多种传感器共同使用，对电池模组21发生热失控时的多种现象进行监测，使控制主板41能够有效识别电池热失控，主动预防危险。
为了使控制主板41能够分别鉴别多种传感器的信号，控制子板42设置有多个，多个控制子板42分别与压力传感器8、烟雾传感器及电压监测器电连接。每种传感器都至少电连接一个控制子板42，能够使控制主板41有效鉴别传感器信号，并对动力电池总成的状态进行综合分析，及时发现动力电池总成内部的隐患，主动预防。
为了缩短产品的研发周期，降低研发费用，将烟雾传感器集成到多合一控制器中，并且多合一控制器还集成了冷却液的水温传感器及流量调节器，能够对冷却液进行温度监测以及流量调节。
本实施例还提供了一种车辆，该车辆包括上述的动力电池总成，有效延缓电池热失控，能够在保证车辆尤其是动力电池总成安全的基础上实现轻量化设计，既保证乘员安全，又能够节约能源。
本申请提供了一种动力电池总成及车辆。该动力电池总成中，多个电池模组组成的电池组被分别设置于纵梁两侧的安装槽内，并将高压铜排及控制子板设置于两个电池组之间，能够有效阻隔热失控模组喷射的高温高压气体及电解液等，保证电池模组只能单独热失控，无法快速蔓延至对面模组。而且热失控的电池组产生的大量气体聚集在一起，会形成极大的压力，而位于中部的高压铜排可以起到良好的导流作用，使动力电池总成内部不会产生局部高压，大大降低了爆炸的风险。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种动力电池总成，包括：
    电池壳体，所述电池壳体包括箱体(1)及扣在所述箱体(1)上的盖板，所述箱体(1)内设置有纵梁(11)，所述纵梁(11)贯通所述箱体(1)并将所述箱体(1)分成两个安装槽(12)，所述箱体(1)靠近所述纵梁(11)一端的一个侧壁设置有容纳腔(13)；
    两个电池组(2)，每个电池组(2)包括多个电池模组(21)，所述两个电池组(2)分别设置于所述两个安装槽(12)内，所述多个电池模组(21)的正负极均朝向所述箱体(1)的侧壁；
    高压线路(3)，所述高压线路(3)包括高压铜排(31)，所述高压铜排(31)设置于所述两个电池组(2)之间及所述每个电池组(2)与所述箱体(1)的侧壁之间的间隙，所述高压铜排(31)与所述多个电池模组(21)的正负极电连接；
    低压线路(4)，所述低压线路(4)包括低压线束、控制主板(41)及控制子板(42)，所述低压线束设置于所述两个电池组(2)之间，所述低压线束与所述控制主板(41)及所述控制子板(42)电连接，所述控制子板(42)设置于所述两个电池组(2)之间，所述控制主板(41)设置于所述容纳腔(13)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，还包括：
    主动熔断器(5)，所述主动熔断器(5)设置于所述高压线路(3)的中点，并且所述中点是整个所述高压线路(3)中电压的中点，所述主动熔断器(5)与所述控制主板(41)电连接；
    智能配电盒(7)，所述智能配电盒(7)与所述高压铜排(31)串联，所述智能配电盒(7)与所述控制主板(41)通讯连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，其中，所述高压铜排(31)包括铜排(311)及包覆于所述铜排(311)外部的包覆材料(312)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，还包括冷却机构(6)，所述冷却机构(6)包括：
    冷却管(61)，所述冷却管(61)设置于所述每个电池组(2)与所述箱体(1)的侧壁之间；
    液冷板(62)，所述液冷板(62)设置于所述箱体(1)的底板上，所述液冷板(62)与所述冷却管(61)连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的动力电池总成，其中，所述冷却管(61)与位于所 述每个电池组(2)与所述箱体(1)的侧壁之间的高压铜排(31)的距离为5mm-10mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，其中，每个安装槽(12)内设置有多个横梁(14)，所述多个横梁(14)将所述每个安装槽(12)分隔成多个空间，每个空间内能够放置所述多个电池模组(21)，所述横梁(14)的高度不低于所述多个电池模组(21)的高度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，其中，所述箱体(1)的内部设置有绝缘隔热层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池总成，还包括防爆阀，所述防爆阀设置于所述箱体(1)位于所述容纳腔(13)对侧的侧壁，且所述防爆阀靠近所述纵梁(11)远离所述容纳腔(13)的一端。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的动力电池总成，还包括：
    多个压力传感器(8)，每个电池模组(21)设置有至少一个压力传感器(8)；
    烟雾传感器，所述烟雾传感器设置于所述箱体(1)内；
    电压监测器，所述电压监测器与所述高压线路(3)并联连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的动力电池总成，其中，所述控制子板(42)设置有多个，多个控制子板(42)分别与所述多个压力传感器(8)、所述烟雾传感器及所述电压监测器电连接。
  11. 一种车辆，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的动力电池总成。
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