WO2022211090A1 - 多重殻タンク、船舶およびガス圧調整方法 - Google Patents
多重殻タンク、船舶およびガス圧調整方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022211090A1 WO2022211090A1 PCT/JP2022/016851 JP2022016851W WO2022211090A1 WO 2022211090 A1 WO2022211090 A1 WO 2022211090A1 JP 2022016851 W JP2022016851 W JP 2022016851W WO 2022211090 A1 WO2022211090 A1 WO 2022211090A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- space
- tank
- gas
- heat insulating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 208
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to multi-shell tanks, ships and gas pressure regulation methods.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a double-hull tank having an inner tank and an outer tank, which is mounted on a liquefied gas carrier. A heat insulating space between the inner tank and the outer tank is filled with boil-off gas discharged from the inner tank. A holding space is formed around the outer tank by the tank cover and the hull. The holding space is also filled with gas.
- the temperature of the liquid layer in the inner tank is high, for example, when discharging the liquid in the inner tank during unloading, if the liquid temperature is higher than the demand of the receiving terminal on the land side, the inner tank It becomes necessary to lower the liquid temperature inside.
- the gas in the inner tank is usually exhausted to lower the pressure, which wastes the gas in the inner tank.
- an increase in the plate thickness of the multi-shell tank results in an increase in cost.
- the present disclosure provides a multi-shell tank, a ship, and a gas tank that make it possible to keep the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank low while suppressing the condensation of gas in the space between the inner tank and the outer tank. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure regulation method.
- a multi-shell tank includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, and N (N is an integer of 1 or more) containing the inner tank. an outer tank; and a housing structure that covers the N-th outer tank from the inner side of the N outer tanks and houses the N outer tanks, wherein the inner tank and the outermost tank A heat insulating space, which is a space inside the outermost tank and faces the outermost tank, is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the low-temperature liquid.
- the pressure of the air layer is higher than the pressure of the insulating space, and the pressure of the insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outermost tank and the containing structure.
- a gas pressure adjustment method includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, N outer tanks (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1) containing the inner tank, and the N a housing structure that covers the Nth outermost tank from the inner side of the outer tanks and houses the N outermost tanks, and is located between the inner tank and the outermost tank;
- N is an integer equal to or greater than 1
- the heat insulating space which is the inner space of the outermost tank facing the outer tank, is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the low-temperature liquid.
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is adjusted so that the pressure in the heat insulating space is higher than the pressure in the heat insulating space and the pressure in the heat insulating space is lower than the pressure in the holding space between the outermost tank and the housing structure. Adjust the pressure in the insulating space and the pressure in the holding space.
- a multi-shell tank, a vessel, and a multi-shell tank that can keep the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank low while suppressing condensation of gas in the space between the inner tank and the outer tank.
- a gas pressure adjustment method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a vessel including a multi-shell tank according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of the multi-shell tank shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the “inner side” means the side near the center of the space within the inner tank of the multi-shell tank
- the “outer side” means the side far from the center of the space within the inner tank of the multi-shell tank. means side.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a ship 1 including a multi-shell tank 10A according to the first embodiment.
- the vessel 1 is a liquefied gas carrier that carries cryogenic liquids.
- the ship 1 comprises a multi-hull tank 10A.
- the multi-shell tank 10A comprises an inner tank 11 and an outer tank 12 containing the inner tank 11 .
- both the inner tank 11 and the outer tank 12 are spherical.
- the inner tub 11 and the outer tub 12 do not necessarily have to be spherical.
- the inner tank 11 and the outer tank 12 may have a shape in which a short cylindrical body is sandwiched between the upper hemispheres, may have a horizontal cylindrical shape, or may have a rectangular shape.
- the inner bath 11 and the outer bath 12 may have a shape that bulges in an upward 45-degree angle direction and/or downward 45-degree angle direction from the center of the inner bath 11 .
- the shape of the inner tank 11 and the shape of the outer tank 12 may be similar or non-similar to each other.
- the multi-shell tank 10A does not necessarily have to be mounted on the ship 1 as a cargo tank, and may be mounted as a fuel tank. Moreover, although FIG. 1 shows the ship 1 provided with one multi-shell tank 10A, the ship 1 may be provided with a plurality of multi-shell tanks 10A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of the multi-shell tank 10A shown in FIG. FIG. 2 includes a cross-sectional view of the vessel 1 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the upper portion of the outer tub 12 is covered with a tank cover 13 and the remaining portion of the outer tub 12 is covered with a retaining wall 14 .
- the tank cover 13 and the retaining wall 14 are configured as one housing structure 15 housing the outer tank 12 .
- the inner surface of the tank cover 13 faces the outer tank 12, and the outer surface of the tank cover 13 faces the atmosphere.
- the retaining wall 14 is for example part of the hull 2 .
- the partition wall provided between two adjacent multi-shell tanks 10A is also included in the storage structure 15 covering the outer tank 12.
- a low-temperature liquid is stored in the storage space U inside the inner tank 11 .
- a sealed heat insulating space V is formed outside the inner tank 11 and inside the outer tank 12 .
- a heat insulating material is arranged in the heat insulating space V.
- the heat insulating material may be, for example, a granular material such as perlite, or may be a heat insulating panel attached to the surface of the inner tank 11 or the like.
- a holding space W is formed inside the housing structure 15 and outside the outer tub 12 by covering the outer tub 12 with the housing structure 15 . That is, the inner tank 11 separates the storage space U and the heat insulating space V, and the outer tank 12 separates the heat insulating space V and the holding space W.
- At least part of the housing structure 15 (specifically, the tank cover 13) separates the holding space W from the outside air.
- a first BOG discharge path 17 is connected to the inner tank 11 .
- One end of the first BOG discharge passage 17 is arranged in the upper air layer of the storage space U, and the other end of the first BOG discharge passage 17 is connected to gas consumption equipment 18 mounted on the hull 2 .
- the gas consuming equipment 18 is, for example, a propulsion engine, a power generation engine, a reliquefaction unit, a boiler, a GCU, a fuel cell, or the like.
- the first BOG discharge passage 17 is provided with a first BOG discharge valve 17a.
- the first BOG discharge valve 17a is a manually operated valve or a remotely controlled valve that is opened by an operator. By opening the first BOG discharge valve 17 a , the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 is sent to the gas consumption equipment 18 through the first BOG discharge passage 17 .
- the first BOG discharge path 17 may be provided with a compressor or an exhaust pump for forcibly sending the boil-off gas from the inner tank 11 to the gas consumption equipment 18 .
- a second BOG discharge passage 19 is also connected to the inner tank 11 .
- One end of the second BOG discharge passage 19 is arranged in the air layer above the storage space U, and the other end of the second BOG discharge passage 19 is open to the atmosphere.
- the second BOG discharge passage 19 is provided with a second BOG discharge valve 19a.
- the second BOG discharge valve 19a is a safety valve that opens when the pressure of the air layer inside the inner tank 11 exceeds the first set upper limit pressure.
- One end of the second BOG discharge path 19 may not be arranged in the upper air layer of the storage space U.
- one end of the second BOG discharge path 19 may be connected to the middle of the first BOG discharge path 17 .
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11 is maintained at a level equal to or higher than the first set lower limit pressure and equal to or lower than the first set upper limit pressure.
- the first set lower limit pressure is the atmospheric pressure.
- the first set lower limit pressure may be lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- boil-off gas is generated in the inner tank 11 due to heat input.
- the generated boil-off gas is sent to the gas consumption equipment 18 through the first BOG discharge path 17 .
- the pressure of the air layer within the inner tank 11 increases.
- the second BOG discharge valve 19a which is a safety valve, opens to reduce the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11 to less than the first set upper limit pressure.
- the first set upper limit pressure is set, for example, within a range that is equal to or higher than a pressure that is 5 kilopascals higher than the atmospheric pressure and is equal to or lower than a pressure that is 30 kilopascals higher than the atmospheric pressure.
- the heat insulating space V is filled with the same kind of gas as the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11. Further, the holding space W is filled with a different kind of gas from the gas in the heat insulating space V and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 .
- the low-temperature liquid in the storage space U is liquefied hydrogen
- the gas filled in the heat insulating space V and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 are hydrogen gas
- the holding space W is filled.
- the gas used is nitrogen gas, inert gas, dry air, or the like.
- the multi-shell tank 10A has an introduction passage 21 for introducing the boil-off gas of the gas layer in the inner tank 11, that is, the boil-off gas in the storage space U, into the heat insulating space V.
- One end of the introduction path 21 is arranged in the air layer above the storage space U, and the other end of the introduction path 21 is arranged in the heat insulating space V.
- An introduction valve 22 is provided in the introduction path 21 .
- the introduction valve 22 is a valve that increases the pressure in the heat insulation space V when the pressure in the heat insulation space V drops below the second set lower limit pressure.
- the inlet valve 22 is a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve that is operated to open by an operator.
- the multi-shell tank 10A includes a discharge path 23 that guides the gas inside the heat insulating space V to the outside of the heat insulating space V.
- One end of the discharge path 23 is arranged inside the heat insulating space V, and the other end of the discharge line 23 is connected to the gas consumption equipment 18 outside the heat insulating space V.
- the gas consumption equipment 18 may be, for example, a gas combustion unit (GCU: Gas Combustion Unit), a propulsion engine, a power generation engine, a gas engine, a reliquefaction device, a boiler, a fuel cell, or the like.
- the gas consuming equipment 18 connected to the discharge channel 23 may be the same as the gas consuming equipment 18 connected to the first BOG discharge channel 17, or may be different.
- the other end of the discharge path 23 is maintained at a pressure lower than the pressure of the heat insulation space V. As shown in FIG.
- a discharge valve 24 is provided in the discharge passage 23 .
- the discharge valve 24 is a valve that releases the pressure in the heat insulation space V when the pressure in the heat insulation space V exceeds the second set upper limit pressure.
- the discharge valve 24 is a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve operated by an operator, or a self-powered valve that is automatically opened when the pressure in the heat insulating space V becomes equal to or higher than the second set upper limit pressure. It is an automatic valve (eg safety valve).
- the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank 11 is kept higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space V, and the pressure of the heat insulating space V is kept lower than the pressure of the holding space W.
- the pressure is kept above atmospheric pressure. That is, in the present embodiment, the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank 11 and the pressure of the heat insulation space V satisfy the relationship of the following formula (A), and the pressure of the heat insulation space V and the pressure of the holding space W are the following:
- the relationship of formula (B) is satisfied, and the pressure in the holding space W and the atmospheric pressure satisfy the relationship of formula (C) below.
- Pa is the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11
- Pb is the pressure of the heat insulation space V
- Pc is the pressure of the holding space W
- Po is the atmospheric pressure.
- the discharge valve 24 is opened to reduce the pressure in the heat insulating space V so as to satisfy the above formula (A).
- the exhaust valve 24 is opened to reduce the pressure in the heat insulating space V so as to satisfy the above formula (B).
- a later-described gas supply device 34 for supplying gas to the holding space W or the like is operated.
- the pressure in the heat insulating space V is maintained at a level equal to or higher than the second set lower limit pressure and equal to or lower than the second set upper limit pressure.
- the introduction valve 22 is opened to raise the pressure in the adiabatic space V to the second set lower limit pressure or higher.
- the discharge valve 24 is opened to reduce the pressure in the heat insulating space V to less than the second set upper limit pressure.
- the second set upper limit pressure is set to be less than the pressure of the gas layer in the storage space U and less than the pressure in the holding space W.
- the second set upper limit pressure is, for example, set to a range that is equal to or higher than the pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure by 30 kilopascals and lower than the atmospheric pressure. More preferably, the second set upper limit pressure is, for example, set to a range equal to or higher than the pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure by 30 kilopascals and lower than the pressure of the gas layer in the storage space U by 5 kilopascals.
- the second set upper limit pressure may vary according to the pressure of the air layer in the storage space U.
- the relationship of the above formula (A) is satisfied.
- the holding space W is filled with gas so that the pressure is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, for example, when the second set upper limit pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the relationship of the above formula (B) is satisfied. It has become.
- the pressure of the air layer inside the inner tank 11 may be higher or lower than the pressure of the holding space W.
- the same type of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank 11 is provided in the heat insulating space V between the inner tank 11 and the outer tank 12. and the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11 is higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space V. Therefore, the pressure in the heat insulating space V can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the heat insulating space V at the temperature of the liquid in the inner tank 11 . Therefore, condensation of gas in the heat insulating space V can be suppressed.
- the pressure in the holding space W is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, it is possible to prevent outside air from entering the holding space W.
- the pressure in the heat insulating space V is lower than the pressure in the holding space W, even if the pressure in the holding space W is maintained at or above the atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the holding space W does not affect the inner tank 11 pressure.
- the pressure of the air layer inside can be adjusted to be relatively low.
- the boil-off gas in the storage space U can be introduced into the heat insulating space V through the introduction path 21, so when the pressure in the heat insulating space V decreases due to temperature changes in the holding space W, , the pressure in the adiabatic space V can be maintained above the second set lower limit pressure.
- the gas in the heat insulating space V can be guided to the outside of the heat insulating space V through the discharge path 23, so that the pressure in the heat insulating space V can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank 10B according to the second embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank 11 is kept higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space V, and the pressure of the heat insulating space V is kept lower than the pressure of the holding space W. , the pressure in the holding space W is kept above the atmospheric pressure.
- the introduction valve 22 and the discharge valve 24 are control valves that are electrically or mechanically controlled.
- an exhaust device 25 is provided in addition to the exhaust valve 24 in the exhaust passage 23 .
- the exhaust device 25 is, for example, a compressor or an exhaust pump such as a vacuum pump. That is, the gas in the heat insulating space V can be forcibly discharged through the discharge path 23 by the exhaust device 25 . For this reason, the other end of the discharge passage 23 opposite to the heat insulation space V does not need to be maintained at a pressure lower than the pressure of the heat insulation space V. As shown in FIG. For example, the other end of the discharge path 23 may be open to the atmosphere.
- the multi-shell tank 10B also includes a control device 30, a first pressure gauge 31, a second pressure gauge 32, a third pressure gauge 33 and a gas supply device 34.
- the control device 30 controls the introduction valve 22 , the discharge valve 24 , the exhaust device 25 and the gas supply device 34 .
- the control device 30 is communicatively connected to the exhaust valve 24, the exhaust device 25 and the gas supply device 34, respectively.
- the control device 30 is communicatively connected to the first pressure gauge 31, the second pressure gauge 32 and the third pressure gauge 33, respectively.
- the control device 30 is a so-called computer, and has an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU, and a storage unit such as ROM and RAM (none of which are shown).
- the storage unit stores programs executed by the arithmetic processing unit, various fixed data, and the like.
- the arithmetic processing unit transmits and receives data to and from an external device.
- the arithmetic processing unit reads out and executes a predetermined gas pressure adjustment program stored in the storage unit, whereby the gas pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11, the gas pressure of the heat insulating space V, the holding space W A gas pressure adjustment process is performed to adjust at least one of the gas pressures of
- the control device 30 may be configured by a plurality of computers.
- the control device 30 may control the introduction valve 22, the discharge valve 24, and the exhaust device 25 through distributed control by cooperation of a plurality of computers, or the introduction valve 22, the discharge valve 24, and the exhaust device 25 may be controlled individually. can be controlled to
- the first pressure gauge 31 measures the pressure of the air layer inside the inner tank 11 .
- the second pressure gauge 32 measures the pressure in the heat insulating space V.
- a third pressure gauge 33 measures the pressure in the holding space W.
- Information on the pressure measured by each of the first pressure gauge 31 , the second pressure gauge 32 and the third pressure gauge 33 is sent to the control device 30 .
- the gas supply device 34 supplies the holding space W with the same type of gas as the gas filled in the holding space W. As the gas is supplied to the holding space W by the gas supply device 34, the gas pressure in the holding space W rises. That is, the gas supply device 34 functions as a booster for boosting the holding space W. As shown in FIG.
- the control device 30 controls the discharge valve 24 and the exhaust device 25 so that the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 is kept lower than the pressure measured by the first pressure gauge 31 . That is, when the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 rises too much, the control device 30 opens the discharge valve 24 and operates the exhaust device 25 so as to depressurize the heat insulation space V.
- the control device 30 when the second set upper limit pressure is set lower than the first set lower limit pressure, the control device 30 causes the discharge valve 24 to open when the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 exceeds the second set upper limit pressure.
- the exhaust valve 24 and the exhaust system 25 are controlled so that they are open and the exhaust system 25 is activated.
- the control device 30 opens the discharge valve 24 when the pressure difference between the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 and the pressure measured by the first pressure gauge 31 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value. It controls the exhaust valve 24 and the exhaust system 25 so that 25 is activated.
- control device 30 controls the introduction valve 22 so that the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 is equal to or higher than the second set lower limit pressure.
- the controller 30 determines that the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 is equal to or higher than the second set lower limit pressure. Open the inlet valve 22 until When the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 becomes equal to or higher than the second set lower limit pressure, or becomes equal to or higher than the second set lower limit pressure by a predetermined pressure, the control device 30 closes the introduction valve 22. close up.
- the control device 30 controls the gas supply device 34 so that the pressure measured by the third pressure gauge 33 is higher than the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 and higher than the atmospheric pressure. That is, the control device 30 operates the gas supply device 34 to increase the pressure in the holding space W so as to satisfy the above formulas (B) and (C).
- the control device 30 may control the discharge valve 24 and the exhaust device 25 so that the pressure measured by the third pressure gauge 33 is higher than the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge 32 . That is, the control device 30 may open the discharge valve 24 and operate the exhaust device 25 in order to reduce the pressure in the heat insulation space V so as to satisfy the above formula (B).
- control device 30 controls the introduction valve 22 when the pressure in the heat insulating space V decreases due to temperature change in the holding space W, the pressure in the heat insulating space V is increased to the second set lower limit pressure or more. can be adjusted in real time so that
- control device 30 controls the discharge valve 24 and the exhaust device 25, even if the pressure of the heat insulating space V and/or the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11 fluctuates, the pressure of the heat insulating space V The pressure can be adjusted in real time to be lower than the pressure of the air layer inside the inner tank 11 .
- control device 30 controls the gas supply device 34, even if the pressure in the heat insulating space V and/or the pressure in the holding space W fluctuates, the pressure in the holding space W changes to the pressure in the heat insulating space V. It can be adjusted in real time to be higher.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank 10C according to the third embodiment.
- the same or similar members as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the multi-shell tanks 10C and 10D in the present embodiment and a fourth embodiment described later have the first BOG discharge passage 17, the first BOG discharge valve 17a, the second BOG discharge passage 19 and the second BOG discharge as in the first embodiment. Valves 19a are provided, but these are omitted in FIGS. 4 and 5 for clarity of illustration.
- the multi-shell tank 10C includes a plurality of thermometers 35 and a gas supply device 34.
- the plurality of thermometers 35 includes a plurality of thermometers 35 and a gas supply device 34.
- only one thermometer 35 out of the plurality of thermometers 35 is shown for simplification of the drawing.
- thermometers 35 measure the temperature in the heat insulation space V, which is one space inside the holding space W.
- a plurality of thermometers 35 are provided at a plurality of locations in the holding space W, respectively.
- a plurality of thermometers 35 are communicatively connected to the control device 30 . Information on temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers 35 is sent to the control device 30 .
- the multi-shell tank 10C also includes an escape passage 41 that guides the gas in the holding space W to the outside of the holding space W, and an escape valve 42 provided in the escape passage 41.
- One end of the escape path 41 is arranged in the holding space W, and the other end of the escape path 41 is open to the atmosphere.
- Relief valve 42 is communicatively connected to controller 30 .
- Relief valve 42 is controlled by controller 30 .
- the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank 11 and the pressure of the heat insulation space V satisfy the relationship of the above formula (A), and the pressure of the heat insulation space V and the pressure of the holding space W are The pressure satisfies the relationship of formula (B) above, and the pressure in the holding space W and the atmospheric pressure satisfy the relationship of formula (C) above.
- control device 30 adjusts the gas pressure in the holding space W so that condensation of gas in the holding space W is suppressed.
- control device 30 derives a reference temperature T corresponding to the temperature of the outer bath 12 or the temperature inside the heat insulating space V from the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers 35 .
- the control device 30 derives the lowest temperature as the reference temperature T among the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers 35 .
- the control device 30 adjusts the pressure of the gas in the holding space W so that it is maintained below the saturated vapor pressure Ps of the gas in the holding space W at the derived reference temperature T. That is, the storage unit of the control device 30 stores in advance correspondence information indicating the relationship between the temperature and the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the holding space W, and the control device 30 stores the holding space at the derived reference temperature T. Derive the saturated vapor pressure Ps of the gas in W. When the pressure measured by the third pressure gauge 33 is equal to or higher than the saturated vapor pressure Ps, the control device 30 controls the relief valve so that the pressure measured by the third pressure gauge 33 is less than the saturated vapor pressure Ps. Open 42.
- the control device 30 performs the same control as in the second embodiment except for the control based on the temperature of the thermometer 35.
- the pressure of the gas in the holding space W is adjusted so that it is maintained below the saturated vapor pressure Ps of the gas in the holding space W at the derived reference temperature T. Therefore, the dew point of the gas in the holding space W can be made lower than the reference temperature T, and as a result, condensation of the gas in the holding space W can be suppressed.
- control device 30 does not need to determine the lowest temperature among the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers 35 as the reference temperature T, and determines the average temperature of the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers as the reference temperature.
- a temperature derived using a predetermined calculation formula from temperatures measured by a plurality of thermometers may be determined as the reference temperature T.
- only one thermometer 35 may be provided in the heat insulating space V, and the temperature thereof may be used as the reference temperature T.
- one or more thermometers 35 may measure the surface temperature of the outer bath 12 .
- the relief valve 42 may be a safety valve that is not controlled by the control device 30 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a multi-shell tank 10D according to the fourth embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the multi-shell tank 10D includes an outer tank 16 (hereinafter referred to as "first outer tank 12") and a housing structure 15, which covers the first outer tank 12. hereinafter referred to as “second outer tank 16").
- first outer tank 12 an outer tank 16
- second outer tank 16 a housing structure 15, which covers the first outer tank 12.
- the upper portion of the second outer tub 16 is covered by the tank cover 13 and the remaining portion of the second outer tub 16 is covered by the retaining wall 14 . That is, the second outer tub 16 covers the housing structure 15 .
- a low-temperature liquid is stored in the storage space U inside the inner tank 11 .
- a sealed first heat insulating space V1 is formed outside the inner tank 11 and inside the outer tank 12.
- a heat insulating material is arranged in the first heat insulating space V1.
- a sealed second heat insulating space V2 is formed outside the first outer tank 12 and inside the second outer tank 16.
- a heat insulating material is also arranged in the second heat insulating space V2.
- a holding space W is formed inside the tank cover 13 and the holding wall 14 and outside the second outer tub 16 by covering the second outer tub 16 with the housing structure 15 .
- the inner tank 11 separates a storage space U inside the inner tank 11 containing the low-temperature liquid from a first heat insulating space V1 outside the inner tank 11 and inside the outer tank 12.
- the outer tank 12 partitions a first heat insulating space V1 and a second heat insulating space V2 outside the first outer tank 12 and inside the second outer tank 16, and the second outer tank 16 serves as the second heat insulating space.
- the space V2 is partitioned from the holding space W outside the second outer tank 16 and inside the housing structure 15 .
- the air layer above the storage space U is filled with boil-off gas, which is the vaporization of the low-temperature fluid in the storage space U.
- the first heat insulating space V1 and the second heat insulating space V2 are filled with the same kind of gas as the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 .
- the holding space W is filled with a different kind of gas from the gas in the first heat insulating space V1 and the second heat insulating space V2 and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 .
- the low-temperature liquid in the storage space U is liquefied hydrogen
- the boil-off gas obtained by vaporizing the low-temperature fluid in the storage space U and the gas filled in the first heat insulation space V1 and the second heat insulation space V2 are
- the gas filled in the holding space W is nitrogen gas, inert gas, dry air, or the like.
- the multi-shell tank 10D includes an introduction passage 21 and an introduction valve 22 provided in the introduction passage 21, as in the first embodiment.
- the introduction path 21 and the introduction valve 22 are referred to as the first introduction path 21 and the first introduction valve 22, respectively.
- the first introduction path 21 introduces the boil-off gas in the storage space U into the first heat insulation space V1 between the inner tank 11 and the first outer tank 12 .
- One end 21a of the first introduction path 21 is arranged in the upper air layer of the storage space U, and the other end of the first introduction path 21 is arranged in the first heat insulating space V1.
- the first introduction valve 22 is a valve that increases the pressure in the first heat insulation space V1 when the pressure in the first heat insulation space V1 drops below the second set lower limit pressure.
- the first introduction valve 22 may be a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve that is opened by an operator, or may be an electrically or mechanically controlled control valve.
- a second introduction path 51 branches from between the first introduction valve 22 and the end portion 21 a of the air layer above the storage space U in the first introduction path 21 .
- the second introduction path 51 introduces the boil-off gas guided through the first introduction path 21 into the second heat insulation space V2 between the first outer tank 12 and the second outer tank 16.
- One end of the second introduction path 51 is connected between the end 21a of the gas layer above the storage space U in the first introduction path 21 and the first introduction valve 22, and the other end of the second introduction path 51 The part is arranged in the second heat insulating space V2.
- a second introduction valve 52 is provided in the second introduction path 51 .
- the second introduction valve 52 is a valve that increases the pressure in the second heat insulation space V2 when the pressure in the second heat insulation space V2 drops below the second set lower limit pressure.
- the second introduction valve 52 may be a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve that is opened by an operator, or may be an electrically or mechanically controlled control valve.
- the multi-shell tank 10D includes a discharge passage 23 and a discharge valve 24 provided in the discharge passage 23, as in the first embodiment.
- the discharge passage 23 and the discharge valve 24 are referred to as the first discharge passage 23 and the first discharge valve 24, respectively.
- One end of the first discharge passage 23 is arranged inside the first heat insulation space V1, and the other end of the first discharge passage 23 is connected to the gas consumption equipment 18 outside the first heat insulation space V1.
- the first discharge valve 24 is a valve that releases the pressure in the first heat insulation space V1 when the pressure in the first heat insulation space V1 exceeds the second set upper limit pressure.
- the first discharge valve 24 is a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve operated by the operator, or is automatically opened when the pressure in the first heat insulating space V1 becomes equal to or higher than the second set upper limit pressure. self-operating automatic valves (eg safety valves).
- the multi-shell tank 10D also includes a second discharge passage 53 and a second discharge valve 54 provided in the second discharge passage 53 .
- the second exhaust path 53 guides the gas inside the second heat insulating space V2 to the outside of the second heat insulating space V2.
- One end of the second discharge passage 53 is arranged inside the second heat insulation space V2, and the other end of the second discharge passage 53 is connected to the gas consumption equipment 18 outside the second heat insulation space V2.
- the gas filled in the second heat insulating space V2 is nitrogen gas or the like, the other end of the second discharge path 53 does not have to be connected to the gas consuming equipment 18 .
- the other end of the second discharge path 53 may be open to the atmosphere. Further, in this embodiment, the other end of the second discharge path 53 is maintained at a pressure lower than the pressure of the second heat insulating space V2.
- the second discharge valve 54 is a valve that releases the pressure in the second heat insulation space V2 when the pressure in the second heat insulation space V2 exceeds the second set upper limit pressure.
- the second discharge valve 54 is a manually operated valve or a remotely operated valve operated by the operator, or a self-powered automatic valve that is automatically opened when the pressure in the second heat insulating space V2 exceeds the second set upper limit pressure.
- a valve eg a safety valve.
- the set upper limit pressure at which the second discharge valve 54 opens may be different from the set upper limit pressure at which the first discharge valve 24 opens.
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11 is kept higher than the pressure of the first heat insulating space V1, and the pressure of the first heat insulating space V1 is kept lower than the pressure of the holding space W, The pressure in the holding space W is kept above the atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank 11 and the pressure of the first heat insulation space V1 satisfy the relationship of the following formula (D), and the pressure of the first heat insulation space V1 and the pressure of the holding space W satisfies the relationship of formula (E) below, and the pressure in the holding space W and the atmospheric pressure satisfy the relationship of formula (F) below.
- Pa is the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank 11
- Pb1 is the first pressure from the inside of the two heat insulating spaces
- Pc is the pressure of the holding space W
- Po is atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure in the second heat insulating space V2 is preferably lower than the pressure in the holding space W. This is because the gas in the second heat insulating space V2 can be prevented from leaking into the holding space W when the second outer tank 16 is damaged.
- the first discharge valve 24 is opened to reduce the pressure in the first heat insulating space V1 so as to satisfy the above formula (D).
- the first discharge valve 24 is opened to reduce the pressure in the first heat insulating space V1 so as to satisfy the above formula (E).
- the gas supply device 34 and the like described above are operated to increase the pressure in the holding space W so as to satisfy the above formula (E) and/or formula (F).
- the first heat insulating space V1 is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank 11,
- the pressure of the air layer inside the inner tank 11 is higher than the pressure of the first heat insulating space V1. Therefore, the pressure in the first heat insulating space V1 can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the first heat insulating space V1 at the temperature of the liquid in the inner bath 11 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress condensation of gas in the first heat insulating space V1.
- the pressure in the holding space W is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure, it is possible to prevent outside air from entering the holding space W.
- the pressure in the first heat insulating space V1 is lower than the pressure in the holding space W. Therefore, even when the pressure in the holding space W is maintained at or above the atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the inner tank 11 can be adjusted to be relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space W.
- the configurations of the first to fourth embodiments can be appropriately combined.
- the gas supply device 34 described in the second and third embodiments may be provided in the multi-shell tanks 10A and 10D of the first and fourth embodiments.
- the multi-shell tanks 10A, 10B and 10D of the first, second and fourth embodiments may be provided with the relief passage 41 and the relief valve 42 described in the third embodiment.
- the multi-shell tank 10D of the first and fourth embodiments may be equipped with the control device 30 described in the second and third embodiments.
- the controller 30 may control at least one of the inlet valve 22 , the exhaust valve 24 and the gas supply device 34 .
- the number of outer tanks provided in the multi-shell tank is not limited to that described in the above embodiment.
- the number of outer tanks may be three or more.
- the introduction path 21 and the introduction valve 22 may not be provided.
- the low-temperature liquid in the inner tank 11 was liquefied hydrogen, but the low-temperature liquid in the inner tank 11 is not limited to this.
- the cryogenic liquid in the storage space U may be liquefied natural gas
- the gas filled in the heat insulating space V (or V1) and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 may be natural gas.
- the holding space W is filled with a different type of gas from the gas in the heat insulating space V and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11.
- the same kind of gas as the gas in the heat insulating space V and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 may be filled.
- the second heat insulation space V2 is filled with the same kind of gas as the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 and the gas in the second heat insulation space V2.
- V2 may be filled with a different kind of gas from the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 and the gas in the second heat insulating space V2.
- the holding space W is filled with a different kind of gas from the gas in the first heat insulating space V1 and the second heat insulating space V2 and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11.
- the holding space W is filled with the same kind of gas as one or both of the gas in the heat insulating space V and the boil-off gas in the inner tank 11 .
- the gas filled in the first heat insulation space V1 is hydrogen gas
- the gas filled in the second heat insulation space V2 is nitrogen gas
- the gas filled in the holding space W is nitrogen gas, inert gas or dry gas. Air or the like may be used.
- the pressure in the holding space W is kept above the atmospheric pressure, but the pressure in the holding space W may be kept below the atmospheric pressure.
- the first BOG discharge valve 17a may not be a valve operated to be opened by the operator, and may be controlled by the control device as described in the second embodiment, for example.
- the multi-shell tank was provided on the ship, but the multi-shell tank may be installed on the ground.
- the multi-shell tank of the present disclosure can also be applied to membrane-type tanks. That is, in the membrane-type tank, the primary membrane containing the cryogenic liquid corresponds to the inner tank in the present disclosure, the secondary membrane covering the primary membrane corresponds to the outer tank in the present disclosure, and the primary membrane and the secondary membrane corresponds to the containment structure in the present disclosure.
- the insulating space between the primary membrane and the secondary membrane and the retaining space between the secondary membrane and the hull are each provided with thermal insulation and the pressure of the cryogenic liquid in the primary membrane is reduced. The load and weight are supported by the hull via the heat insulating material in the heat insulating space and the heat insulating material in the holding space.
- the adiabatic space between the primary membrane and the secondary membrane is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the cryogenic liquid, the pressure of the gas layer in the primary membrane is higher than the pressure of the adiabatic space, The pressure in said insulating space is lower than the pressure in the retaining space between the secondary membrane and the hull.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- a circuit or processing circuit that includes a combination of A processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it includes transistors and other circuits.
- a circuit, unit, or means is hardware that performs or is programmed to perform the recited functions.
- the hardware may be the hardware disclosed herein, or other known hardware programmed or configured to perform the recited functions.
- a circuit, means or unit is a combination of hardware and software where the hardware is a processor which is considered a type of circuit, the software being used to configure the hardware and/or the processor.
- a multi-shell tank includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, an outer tank that houses the inner tank, and a housing structure that houses the outer tank, wherein the inner tank and the outer tank is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the low-temperature liquid, the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space, The pressure in the insulating space is lower than the pressure in the holding space between the outer bath and the containment structure.
- the adiabatic space between the inner tank and the outer tank is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank, and the gas layer in the inner tank
- the pressure is higher than the pressure in the adiabatic space. Therefore, the pressure in the adiabatic space can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the adiabatic space at the temperature of the liquid in the inner tank. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the condensation of the gas in the heat insulating space.
- the pressure in the adiabatic space is lower than the pressure in the holding space. Therefore, even if the pressure in the holding space is limited, the pressure in the inner tank can be adjusted to be relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space.
- a multi-shell tank includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, N outer tanks (N is an integer of 2 or more) containing the inner tank, and the N a housing structure that covers the N-th outermost tank from the inside of the outer tanks and houses the N outer tanks, wherein the outermost tank is disposed between the inner tank and the outermost tank; N heat insulating spaces partitioned by the (N ⁇ 1) outer tanks excluding are formed, and the first heat insulating space, which is the first heat insulating space from the inside of the N heat insulating spaces, contains the low-temperature liquid
- N ⁇ 1 partitioned by the (N ⁇ 1) outer tanks excluding are formed
- the first heat insulating space which is the first heat insulating space from the inside of the N heat insulating spaces, contains the low-temperature liquid
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the first heat insulating space
- the pressure of the first heat insulating space is higher than the pressure of the outermost tank and the Lower than
- the first heat insulating space that is the first from the inside is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank, and the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank is the first. 1 higher than the pressure of the adiabatic space. Therefore, the pressure in the first heat insulating space can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the first heat insulating space at the temperature of the liquid in the inner tank. Therefore, condensation of gas in the first heat insulating space can be suppressed.
- the pressure in the first adiabatic space is lower than the pressure in the holding space. Therefore, even if the pressure in the holding space is limited, the pressure in the inner tank can be adjusted to be relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space.
- a ship according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes any of the multi-shell tanks described above.
- a gas pressure adjustment method includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, an outer tank that houses the inner tank, and a housing structure that houses the outer tank,
- the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank is and the pressure of the insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outer tank and the housing structure, the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank, the pressure of the insulating space and the holding Adjust the pressure in space.
- the adiabatic space between the inner tank and the outer tank is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank, and the gas layer in the inner tank is
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank and the pressure of the heat insulation space are adjusted so that the pressure is higher than the pressure of the heat insulation space. Therefore, the pressure in the adiabatic space can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the adiabatic space at the temperature of the liquid in the inner tank. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the condensation of the gas in the heat insulating space.
- the pressure in the insulation space and the pressure in the retention space are adjusted so that the pressure in the insulation space is lower than the pressure in the retention space. Therefore, even if the pressure in the holding space is limited, the pressure in the inner tank can be adjusted to be relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space.
- a gas pressure adjustment method includes an inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored, N (N is an integer of 2 or more) outer tanks containing the inner tank, and the a housing structure that covers the N-th outermost tank from the inside of the N outer tanks and houses the N outer tanks, wherein between the inner tank and the outermost tank, the N heat insulating spaces partitioned by (N ⁇ 1) outer tanks excluding the outermost tank are formed, and the first heat insulating space, which is the first heat insulating space from the inner side of the N heat insulating spaces, includes the In a multi-shell tank filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the cryogenic liquid, the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the first heat insulating space, and the pressure of the first heat insulating space is The pressure of the air layer in the inner tank, the pressure of the first heat insulating space and the pressure of the holding space are adjusted so as to be lower than the pressure of the holding space between
- the first heat insulating space which is the first from the inside, is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized low-temperature liquid in the inner tank, and the pressure of the gas layer in the inner tank is the first.
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank and the pressure of the first heat insulation space are adjusted so that the pressure becomes higher than the pressure of the first heat insulation space. Therefore, the pressure in the first heat insulating space can be made less than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the first heat insulating space at the temperature of the liquid in the inner tank. Therefore, condensation of gas in the first heat insulating space can be suppressed.
- the pressure in the first heat insulating space and the pressure in the holding space are adjusted so that the pressure in the first insulating space is lower than the pressure in the holding space. Therefore, even if the pressure in the holding space is limited, the pressure in the inner tank can be adjusted to be relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space.
- N is an integer equal to or greater than 1
- a housing structure that covers the Nth outermost tank from the inner side of the N outer tanks and houses the N outer tanks,
- a gas of the same type as the gas obtained by vaporizing the low-temperature liquid is contained in a heat-insulating space which is located between the inner tank and the outermost tank and which is a space inside the outermost tank facing the outermost tank. is filled and A multi-shell tank, wherein the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the insulating space, and the pressure of the insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outermost tank and the housing structure.
- the N is 1,
- the heat insulating space between the inner tank and the outer tank is filled with the same kind of gas as the vaporized gas of the low temperature liquid,
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space, and the pressure of the heat insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outer tank, which is the outermost tank, and the housing structure.
- the N is 2 or more
- the heat insulating space is located between the inner tank and the outermost tank, and is the first heat insulating space from the inside among the N heat insulating spaces partitioned by the (N ⁇ 1) outer tanks excluding the outermost tank. is an insulated space of Item 2.
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space, and the pressure of the heat insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outermost tank and the housing structure.
- Multi-shell tank Multi-shell tank.
- the pressure in the adiabatic space is lower than the pressure in the holding space, so that the pressure in the inner tank is relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space (for example, (to approach atmospheric pressure).
- the pressure in the insulating space is higher than the pressure in the holding space, which is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure
- the pressure Pa in the air layer in the inner tank and the pressure Pb1 in the insulating space the relationship between the pressure Pc in the holding space and the atmospheric pressure Po is expressed by the following equation.
- Pa>Pb1>Pc ⁇ Po it is necessary to set the pressure of the inner tank relatively high with respect to the atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure in the inner tank is relatively low regardless of the pressure in the holding space (for example, atmospheric pressure ) can be adjusted.
- a discharge path that guides the gas in the heat insulating space to the outside of the heat insulating space A multi-shell tank according to any one of items 1 to 4, comprising a discharge valve and/or an exhaust device provided in the discharge passage. According to this configuration, it is possible to depressurize the heat insulating space.
- a first pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank
- a second pressure gauge for measuring the pressure in the heat insulating space
- a control device that controls the exhaust valve and/or the exhaust device so that the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge is kept lower than the pressure measured by the first pressure gauge.
- a multi-shell tank as described. According to this configuration, even if the pressure of the adiabatic space and/or the pressure of the air layer within the inner tank fluctuates, the pressure of the adiabatic space can be adjusted in real time to be lower than the pressure of the air layer within the inner tank.
- FIG. 7 an introduction path for introducing the boil-off gas of the air layer in the inner tank into the heat insulation space; an introduction valve provided in the introduction path, 7.
- a second pressure gauge for measuring the pressure in the heat insulating space for measuring the pressure in the heat insulating space; a third pressure gauge that measures the pressure in the holding space; a gas supply device that supplies the holding space W with the same type of gas as the gas filled in the holding space; any one of items 1 to 7, comprising a control device that controls the gas supply device so that the pressure measured by the third pressure gauge is kept higher than the pressure measured by the second pressure gauge.
- a multi-shell tank as described in paragraph 1 above. According to this configuration, even if the pressure in the heat insulating space and/or the pressure in the holding space fluctuates, the pressure in the holding space can be adjusted in real time to be higher than the pressure in the heat insulating space.
- the multi-shell tank according to any one of items 1 to 8 is equipped with one or more thermometers for measuring the temperature of the outer tank or the temperature of the heat insulating space, and the pressure of the gas in the holding space is , is maintained below the saturated vapor pressure of the gas in the holding space at a reference temperature, which is a temperature determined based on the temperature measured by the one thermometer or the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers. good too.
- a reference temperature which is a temperature determined based on the temperature measured by the one thermometer or the temperatures measured by the plurality of thermometers. good too.
- the dew point of the gas in the holding space can be made lower than the reference temperature, and as a result, condensation of the gas in the holding space can be suppressed.
- An inner tank in which a cryogenic liquid is stored N outer tanks (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1) containing the inner tanks, and the N-th outer tank from the inside among the N outer tanks. and an accommodation structure that accommodates the N outer tanks, and is located between the inner tank and the outermost tank, in a space inside the outermost tank facing the outermost tank
- N is an integer equal to or greater than 1
- the pressure of the air layer in the inner tank is higher than the pressure of the heat insulating space, and the pressure of the heat insulating space is lower than the pressure of the holding space between the outermost tank and the housing structure.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態に係る多重殻タンク10Aを含む船舶1の概略側面図である。船舶1は、低温液体を運搬する液化ガス運搬船である。船舶1は、多重殻タンク10Aを備える。多重殻タンク10Aは、内槽11と、内槽11を収容する外槽12を備える。
Pa>Pb ・・・(A)
Pc>Pb ・・・(B)
Pc≧Po ・・・(C)
ただし、Paは、内槽11内の気層の圧力であり、Pbは、断熱空間Vの圧力であり、Pcは、保持空間Wの圧力であり、Poは、大気圧である。
図3は、第2実施形態に係る多重殻タンク10Bの全体的な構成を示す概略構成図である。なお、本実施形態において、上記の第1実施形態と同一または類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付して、詳細な説明を省略する。
図4は、第3実施形態に係る多重殻タンク10Cの全体的な構成を示す概略構成図である。なお、本実施形態において、上記の第1および第2実施形態と同一または類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付して、詳細な説明を省略する。また、本実施形態および後述の第4実施形態における多重殻タンク10C、10Dは、第1実施形態と同様に、第1BOG排出路17、第1BOG排出弁17a、第2BOG排出路19および第2BOG排出弁19aを備えるが、図の簡単化のため図4および5においてこれらは省略している。
図5は、第4実施形態に係る多重殻タンク10Dの全体的な構成を示す概略構成図である。なお、本実施形態において、上記の第1実施形態と同一または類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付して、詳細な説明を省略する。
Pa>Pb1 ・・・(D)
Pc>Pb1 ・・・(E)
Pc≧Po ・・・(F)
ただし、Paは、内槽11内の気層の圧力であり、Pb1は、2個の断熱空間のうちの内側から1番目の圧力であり、Pcは、保持空間Wの圧力であり、Poは、大気圧である。
本開示は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。
以下の項目のそれぞれは、好ましい実施形態の開示である。
内部に低温液体が貯蔵された内槽と、
前記内槽を収容するN個(Nは1以上の整数)の外槽と、
前記N個の外槽のうちの内側からN番目の最外槽を覆い、前記N個の外槽を収容する収容構造と、を備え、
前記内槽と前記最外槽との間にあり、前記最外槽に面する前記最外槽の内方の空間である断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填されており、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、多重殻タンク。
前記Nは、1であり、
前記内槽と前記外槽との間の断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填されており、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽である前記外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、項目1に記載の多重殻タンク。
前記Nは、2以上であり、
前記断熱空間は、前記内槽と前記最外槽との間で、前記最外槽を除く(N-1)個の前記外槽により仕切られたN個の断熱空間のうちの内側から1番目の断熱空間であり、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、項目1に記載の多重殻タンク。
前記収容構造の少なくとも一部は、前記保持空間と反対側で大気に面しており、
前記保持空間の圧力は、大気圧以上である、項目1~3のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。
Pa>Pb>Pc≧Po
しかしながら、このように各圧力Pa,Pb,Pcを調整すると、内槽の圧力を大気圧に対して比較的高めに設定する必要が生じる。内槽内の気層の圧力を高く保つためには、上述したように揚荷時の内槽内のガスの消費や多重殻タンクの板厚の増加によるコスト増加につながるため好ましくない。これに対し、上記項目4に記載の多重殻タンクによれば、断熱空間の圧力が保持空間の圧力より低いため、保持空間の圧力によらず内槽内の圧力を比較的低くなるよう(例えば大気圧に近づくよう)調整できる。
Pa>Pb1>Pc≧Po
この場合、内槽の圧力を大気圧に対して比較的高めに設定する必要が生じる。しかし、上記項目4に記載の多重殻タンクによれば、断熱空間の圧力が保持空間の圧力より低いため、保持空間の圧力によらず内槽内の圧力を比較的低くなるよう(例えば大気圧に近づくよう)調整できる。
前記断熱空間内のガスを前記断熱空間の外部へ導く排出路と、
前記排出路に設けられた排出弁および/または排気装置と、を備える、項目1~4のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。
この構成によれば、断熱空間の減圧が可能となる。
前記内槽内の前記気層の圧力を計測する第1圧力計と、
前記断熱空間の圧力を計測する第2圧力計と、
前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力が、前記第1圧力計により計測される圧力より低い状態を保つよう、前記排出弁および/または排気装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える、項目5に記載の多重殻タンク。
この構成によれば、断熱空間の圧力および/または内槽内の気層の圧力が変動した場合でも、断熱空間の圧力が内槽内の気層の圧力より低くなるようリアルタイムに調整できる。
前記内槽内の前記気層のボイルオフガスを前記断熱空間内へ導入する導入路と、
前記導入路に設けられた導入弁と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力が設定下限圧以上となるよう、前記導入弁を制御する、項目6に記載の多重殻タンク。
この構成によれば、断熱空間の圧力が、保持空間の温度変化などにより低下した場合に、断熱空間の圧力が第2設定下限圧以上となるようリアルタイムに調整できる。
前記断熱空間の圧力を計測する第2圧力計と、
前記保持空間の圧力を計測する第3圧力計と、
前記保持空間に充填されているガスと同じ種類のガスを、前記保持空間Wに供給するガス供給装置と、
前記第3圧力計により計測される圧力が、前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力より高い状態を保つよう前記ガス供給装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える、項目1~7のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。
この構成によれば、断熱空間の圧力および/または保持空間の圧力が変動した場合でも、保持空間の圧力が断熱空間の圧力より高くなるようリアルタイムに調整できる。
項目1~8のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンクを備える、船舶。
内部に低温液体が貯蔵された内槽と、前記内槽を収容するN個(Nは1以上の整数)の外槽と、前記N個の外槽のうちの内側からN番目の最外槽を覆い、前記N個の外槽を収容する収容構造と、を備え、前記内槽と前記最外槽との間にあり、前記最外槽に面する前記最外槽の内方の空間である断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填された多重殻タンクにおいて、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低くなるよう、前記内槽内の気層の圧力、前記断熱空間の圧力および前記保持空間の圧力を調整する、ガス圧調整方法。
前記収容構造の少なくとも一部は、前記保持空間と反対側で大気に面しており、
前記ガス圧調整方法は、前記保持空間の圧力が大気圧以上となるよう、前記保持空間の圧力を調整する、項目10に記載のガス圧調整方法。
前記断熱空間の圧力が設定下限圧以上となるよう、前記断熱空間の圧力を調整する、項目10または11に記載のガス圧調整方法。
Claims (12)
- 内部に低温液体が貯蔵された内槽と、
前記内槽を収容するN個(Nは1以上の整数)の外槽と、
前記N個の外槽のうちの内側からN番目の最外槽を覆い、前記N個の外槽を収容する収容構造と、を備え、
前記内槽と前記最外槽との間にあり、前記最外槽に面する前記最外槽の内方の空間である断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填されており、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、多重殻タンク。 - 前記Nは、1であり、
前記内槽と前記外槽との間の断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填されており、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽である前記外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、請求項1に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記Nは、2以上であり、
前記断熱空間は、前記内槽と前記最外槽との間で、前記最外槽を除く(N-1)個の前記外槽により仕切られたN個の断熱空間のうちの内側から1番目の断熱空間であり、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低い、請求項1に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記収容構造の少なくとも一部は、前記保持空間と反対側で大気に面しており、
前記保持空間の圧力は、大気圧以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記断熱空間内のガスを前記断熱空間の外部へ導く排出路と、
前記排出路に設けられた排出弁および/または排気装置と、を備える、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記内槽内の前記気層の圧力を計測する第1圧力計と、
前記断熱空間の圧力を計測する第2圧力計と、
前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力が、前記第1圧力計により計測される圧力より低い状態を保つよう、前記排出弁および/または排気装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える、請求項5に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記内槽内の前記気層のボイルオフガスを前記断熱空間内へ導入する導入路と、
前記導入路に設けられた導入弁と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力が設定下限圧以上となるよう、前記導入弁を制御する、請求項6に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 前記断熱空間の圧力を計測する第2圧力計と、
前記保持空間の圧力を計測する第3圧力計と、
前記保持空間に充填されているガスと同じ種類のガスを、前記保持空間Wに供給するガス供給装置と、
前記第3圧力計により計測される圧力が、前記第2圧力計により計測される圧力より高い状態を保つよう前記ガス供給装置を制御する制御装置と、を備える、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンク。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の多重殻タンクを備える、船舶。
- 内部に低温液体が貯蔵された内槽と、前記内槽を収容するN個(Nは1以上の整数)の外槽と、前記N個の外槽のうちの内側からN番目の最外槽を覆い、前記N個の外槽を収容する収容構造と、を備え、前記内槽と前記最外槽との間にあり、前記最外槽に面する前記最外槽の内方の空間である断熱空間には、前記低温液体が気化したガスと同じ種類のガスが充填された多重殻タンクにおいて、
前記内槽内の気層の圧力は、前記断熱空間の圧力より高く、前記断熱空間の圧力は、前記最外槽と前記収容構造との間の保持空間の圧力より低くなるよう、前記内槽内の気層の圧力、前記断熱空間の圧力および前記保持空間の圧力を調整する、ガス圧調整方法。 - 前記収容構造の少なくとも一部は、前記保持空間と反対側で大気に面しており、
前記ガス圧調整方法は、前記保持空間の圧力が大気圧以上となるよう、前記保持空間の圧力を調整する、請求項10に記載のガス圧調整方法。 - 前記断熱空間の圧力が設定下限圧以上となるよう、前記断熱空間の圧力を調整する、請求項10または11に記載のガス圧調整方法。
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JPS5817299A (ja) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-02-01 | マラソン・オイル・カンパニ− | 低温貯蔵タンクのリ−ク検知システム |
JPH06159598A (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-06-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 液化ガスの貯蔵設備 |
JPH06331097A (ja) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-11-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 低温タンク設備 |
KR20160131471A (ko) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 액체저장탱크의 압력제어 방법 및 시스템 |
JP2018529049A (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-10-04 | ギャズトランスポルト エ テクニギャズ | 液化ガス貯蔵タンクの断熱障壁に接続されたポンプを制御する方法 |
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JPS5817299A (ja) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-02-01 | マラソン・オイル・カンパニ− | 低温貯蔵タンクのリ−ク検知システム |
JPH06159598A (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-06-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 液化ガスの貯蔵設備 |
JPH06331097A (ja) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-11-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 低温タンク設備 |
KR20160131471A (ko) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 액체저장탱크의 압력제어 방법 및 시스템 |
JP2018529049A (ja) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-10-04 | ギャズトランスポルト エ テクニギャズ | 液化ガス貯蔵タンクの断熱障壁に接続されたポンプを制御する方法 |
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