WO2022211035A1 - 電波反射板 - Google Patents
電波反射板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022211035A1 WO2022211035A1 PCT/JP2022/016565 JP2022016565W WO2022211035A1 WO 2022211035 A1 WO2022211035 A1 WO 2022211035A1 JP 2022016565 W JP2022016565 W JP 2022016565W WO 2022211035 A1 WO2022211035 A1 WO 2022211035A1
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- patch
- electrode
- connection electrode
- patch area
- radio wave
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/147—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/04013—Intelligent reflective surfaces
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to radio wave reflectors.
- a phase shifter using liquid crystal is being developed as a phase shifter for use in a phased array antenna whose directivity can be electrically controlled.
- a phased array antenna a plurality of antenna elements to which high-frequency signals are transmitted from corresponding phase shifters are arranged one-dimensionally (or two-dimensionally).
- radio wave reflectors that can control the direction of radio wave reflection using liquid crystals are also being studied, similar to phased array antennas.
- reflection controllers having reflective electrodes are arranged one-dimensionally (or two-dimensionally). Also in the radio wave reflector, it is necessary to adjust the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal so that the phase difference of the reflected radio waves is constant between the adjacent reflection control portions.
- High frequencies can be separated into horizontal polarized waves that oscillate in the horizontal direction and vertical polarized waves that oscillate in the vertical direction. If the reflective electrode is asymmetric, the reflection characteristics of the horizontal polarized wave and the reflection characteristics of the vertical polarized wave are different.
- This embodiment provides a radio wave reflector that can symmetrically reflect both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.
- a radio wave reflector includes: a first substrate having a first base material and a plurality of patch areas including a plurality of square patch electrodes arranged in a matrix at equal intervals along each of a first direction and a second direction; a second substrate having a second substrate and a common electrode facing the plurality of patch electrodes; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; A radio wave reflector comprising Each of the plurality of patch areas includes the patch electrode, a first connection electrode and a third connection electrode extending parallel to the second direction, and a second connection electrode and a fourth connection electrode extending parallel to the first direction.
- the electrode shape formed by the patch electrode, the first connection electrode, the second connection electrode, the third connection electrode, and the fourth connection electrode included in each of the plurality of patch areas is Having rotational symmetry with one point inside each area as the center of rotation, Among the plurality of patch areas, a first patch area, a second patch area adjacent to the first patch area in the second direction, a third patch area adjacent to the first patch area in the first direction, and a second patch area and a fourth patch area adjacent in the first direction and adjacent to the third patch area in the second direction are the first patch area, the second patch area, the third patch area, and the entire fourth patch area.
- the center of rotation is the intersection of
- the radio wave reflector is a first substrate having a first base material and a plurality of patch areas including a plurality of square patch electrodes arranged in a matrix at equal intervals along each of a first direction and a second direction; a second substrate having a second substrate and a common electrode facing the plurality of patch electrodes; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate;
- a radio wave reflector comprising Each of the plurality of patch areas includes the patch electrode, a first connection electrode and a third connection electrode extending in a direction parallel to the second direction, and a second connection electrode and a third connection electrode extending in a direction parallel to the first direction.
- connection electrode a fourth connection electrode
- the first connection electrode and the third connection electrode are arranged in a straight line and extend in opposite directions
- the second connection electrode and the fourth connection electrode are arranged in a straight line and extend in opposite directions
- a radio wave reflector includes: a first substrate having a first base material and a plurality of patch areas including a plurality of square patch electrodes arranged in a matrix at equal intervals along each of a first direction and a second direction; a second substrate having a second substrate and a common electrode facing the plurality of patch electrodes; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; A radio wave reflector comprising each of the plurality of patch areas has the patch electrode, and a first connection electrode and a second connection electrode extending from a vertex of the patch electrode; The first connection electrode and the second connection electrode are arranged in a straight line, extend in directions opposite to each other, and overlap an imaginary line including one of the diagonal lines of the patch electrode.
- radio wave reflector that can symmetrically reflect both horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- 2 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing patch electrodes.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing part of the radio wave reflector.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing changes in the voltage applied to the patch electrode for each period in the method for driving the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the radio wave reflector.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a switching element.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state in which the patch area PA11 is rotated counterclockwise by 90°.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- 19B is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment;
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment. 22B is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment;
- first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are orthogonal to each other, but they may intersect at an angle other than 90 degrees.
- the direction toward the tip of the arrow in the third direction Z is defined as upward or upward, and the direction opposite to the direction toward the tip of the arrow in the third direction Z is defined as downward.
- the second member when “the second member above the first member” and “the second member below the first member” are used, the second member may be in contact with the first member or separated from the first member. may be located In the latter case, a third member may be interposed between the first member and the second member. On the other hand, when “the second member above the first member” and “the second member below the first member” are used, the second member is in contact with the first member.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- the radio wave reflector RE can reflect radio waves and functions as a relay device for radio waves.
- the radio wave reflector RE includes a first substrate SUB1, a second substrate SUB2, and a liquid crystal layer LC.
- the first substrate SUB1 has an electrically insulating base BA1, a plurality of patch electrodes PE, and an alignment film AL1.
- the base material BA1 is formed in a flat plate shape and extends along an XY plane including a first direction X and a second direction Y which are orthogonal to each other.
- the alignment film AL1 covers the plurality of patch electrodes PE.
- the second substrate SUB2 is opposed to the first substrate SUB1 with a predetermined gap.
- the second substrate SUB2 has an electrically insulating base material BA2, a common electrode CE, and an alignment film AL2.
- the base material BA2 is formed in a flat plate shape and extends along the XY plane.
- the common electrode CE faces the plurality of patch electrodes PE in a direction parallel to a third direction Z orthogonal to the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively.
- the alignment film AL2 covers the common electrode CE.
- each of the alignment film AL1 and the alignment film AL2 is a horizontal alignment film.
- the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2 are joined by a sealing material SAL arranged on their peripheral edge portions.
- the liquid crystal layer LC is provided in a space surrounded by the first substrate SUB1, the second substrate SUB2, and the sealing material SAL.
- the liquid crystal layer LC is held between the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2.
- the liquid crystal layer LC faces the plurality of patch electrodes PE on the one hand and the common electrode CE on the other hand.
- dl be the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer LC.
- the thickness dl is greater than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of a normal liquid crystal display panel.
- the thickness dl is 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness dl may be less than 50 ⁇ m as long as the reflection phase of radio waves can be sufficiently adjusted.
- the thickness dl may exceed 50 ⁇ m in order to increase the reflection angle of radio waves.
- the liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer LC of the radio wave reflector RE is different from the liquid crystal material used for ordinary liquid crystal display panels. The reflection phase of the radio wave mentioned above will be described later.
- a common voltage is applied to the common electrode CE, and the potential of the common electrode CE is fixed.
- the common voltage is the ground voltage, eg 0V.
- a voltage is also applied to the patch electrode PE.
- the patch electrodes PE are AC-driven.
- the liquid crystal layer LC is driven by a so-called vertical electric field.
- a voltage applied between the patch electrode PE and the common electrode CE acts on the liquid crystal layer LC, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LC.
- the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LC changes, the propagation speed of radio waves in the liquid crystal layer LC also changes. Therefore, by adjusting the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer LC, the reflection phase of radio waves can be adjusted. This makes it possible to adjust the reflection direction of radio waves.
- the absolute value of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer LC is 10 V or less. This is because the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LC is saturated at 10V. However, depending on the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer LC, the voltage at which the liquid crystal layer LC is saturated varies, so the absolute value of the voltage acting on the liquid crystal layer LC may exceed 10V. For example, when the response speed of the liquid crystal is required to be improved, a voltage of 10 V or less may be applied to the liquid crystal layer LC after a voltage exceeding 10 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer LC.
- the first substrate SUB1 has an incident surface Sa on the side opposite to the side facing the second substrate SUB2.
- an incident wave w1 is a radio wave incident on the radio wave reflector RE
- a reflected wave w2 is a radio wave reflected by the radio wave reflector RE.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector shown in FIG.
- the radio wave reflector RE shown in FIG. 2 has a plurality of patch areas PA arranged in a matrix along the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively.
- Each of the patch areas PA has a patch electrode PE.
- the plurality of patch electrodes PE are arranged in a matrix at intervals along the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively. In the XY plane, the patch electrodes PE have the same shape and size.
- the plurality of patch electrodes PE are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction X and arranged at equal intervals along the second direction Y.
- a plurality of patch electrodes PE are included in a plurality of patch electrode groups GP extending along the second direction Y and arranged along the first direction X.
- the multiple patch electrode groups GP include, for example, a first patch electrode group GP1 to an eighth patch electrode group GP8.
- the first patch electrode group GP1 has a plurality of first patch electrodes PE1, the second patch electrode group GP2 has a plurality of second patch electrodes PE2, and the third patch electrode group GP3 has a plurality of third patch electrodes PE3.
- the fourth patch electrode group GP4 has a plurality of fourth patch electrodes PE4, the fifth patch electrode group GP5 has a plurality of fifth patch electrodes PE5, and the sixth patch electrode group GP6 has a plurality of the It has six patch electrodes PE6, a seventh patch electrode group GP7 has a plurality of seventh patch electrodes PE7, and an eighth patch electrode group GP8 has a plurality of eighth patch electrodes PE8.
- the second patch electrode PE2 is located between the first patch electrode PE1 and the third patch electrode PE3 in the direction along the first direction X.
- Each patch electrode group GP includes a plurality of patch electrodes PE arranged along the second direction Y and electrically connected to each other.
- the patch electrodes PE of each patch electrode group GP are electrically connected by connection lines CL.
- the first substrate SUB1 has a plurality of connection wirings CL extending along the second direction Y and arranged along the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the connection wiring CL extends to a region of the first substrate SUB1 not facing the second substrate SUB2.
- the plurality of connection lines CL may be connected to the plurality of patch electrodes PE one-to-one.
- the plurality of patch electrodes PE arranged along the second direction Y and the connection wiring CL are integrally formed of the same conductor.
- the plurality of patch electrodes PE and the connection lines CL may be formed of conductors different from each other.
- the patch electrodes PE, the connection lines CL, and the common electrode CE are made of metal or a conductor similar to metal.
- the patch electrodes PE, the connection lines CL, and the common electrode CE may be made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
- the connection wiring CL may be connected to an outer lead bonding (OLB) pad (not shown).
- One patch area PA has one patch electrode PE and part of the connection wiring CL that connects adjacent patch electrodes PE.
- connection wiring CL is a thin wire, and the width of the connection wiring CL is sufficiently smaller than the length Px described later.
- the width of the connection line CL is several micrometers to several tens of micrometers, and is on the order of micrometers. It should be noted that if the width of the connection line CL is too long, it is not desirable because the sensitivity of the frequency component of the radio wave changes.
- the sealing material SAL is arranged at the periphery of the region where the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2 face each other.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which eight patch electrodes PE are arranged in the direction along the first direction X and the direction along the second direction Y
- the number of patch electrodes PE can be varied in various ways.
- 100 patch electrodes PE may be arranged along the first direction X
- a plurality of (for example, 100) patch electrodes PE may be arranged along the second direction Y.
- the length of the radio wave reflector RE (first substrate SUB1) in the first direction X is, for example, 40 cm or more and 80 cm or less.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing patch electrodes.
- the patch electrode PE has a square shape.
- the shape of the patch electrode PE is not particularly limited, a square or a perfect circle is desirable. Focusing on the external shape of the patch electrode PE, it is desirable to have a shape with a vertical and horizontal aspect ratio of 1:1. This is because a 90° rotationally symmetrical structure is desirable in order to deal with horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.
- the patch electrode PE has a length Px along the first direction X and a length Py along the second direction Y. As shown in FIG. It is desirable to adjust the length Px and the length Py according to the frequency band of the incident wave w1. Next, a desirable relationship between the frequency band of the incident wave w1 and the lengths Px and Py will be illustrated.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing part of the radio wave reflector.
- the thickness dl (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer LC is held by a plurality of spacers SS.
- the spacer SS is a columnar spacer, formed on the second substrate SUB2, and protruding toward the first substrate SUB1.
- the width of the spacer SS is 10 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. While the length Px and the length Py of the patch electrode PE are on the order of mm, the cross-sectional diameter of the spacer SS in the first direction X is on the order of ⁇ m. Therefore, it is necessary to have the spacer SS in the region facing the patch electrode PE. Further, the ratio of the region where the plurality of spacers SS are present in the region facing the patch electrode PE is about 1%. Therefore, even if the spacer SS is present in the above region, the effect of the spacer SS on the reflected wave w2 is slight. Note that the spacer SS may be formed on the first substrate SUB1 and protrude toward the second substrate SUB2. Alternatively, the spacers SS may be spherical spacers.
- the radio wave reflector RE is equipped with a plurality of reflection control units RH.
- Each reflection control part RH includes one patch electrode PE among the plurality of patch electrodes PE, a portion of the common electrode CE facing the one patch electrode PE, and one patch electrode PE of the liquid crystal layer LC. and a region facing the Each reflection control unit RH adjusts the phase of the radio wave (incident wave w1) incident from the incident surface Sa side according to the voltage applied to the patch electrode PE, reflects the radio wave toward the incident surface Sa side, and reflects the radio wave toward the incident surface Sa side. It functions as wave w2.
- the reflected wave w2 is a composite wave of the radio wave reflected by the patch electrode PE and the radio wave reflected by the common electrode CE.
- the patch electrodes PE are arranged at regular intervals.
- dk be the length (pitch) between adjacent patch electrodes PE.
- the length dk corresponds to the distance from the geometric center of one patch electrode PE to the geometric center of the adjacent patch electrode PE.
- the reflected waves w2 have the same phase in the first reflection direction d1.
- the first reflection direction d1 is a direction forming a first angle ⁇ 1 with the third direction Z.
- the first reflection direction d1 is parallel to the XZ plane.
- the phases of the radio waves be aligned on the linear two-dot chain line.
- the phase of the reflected wave w2 at the point Q1b and the phase of the reflected wave w2 at the point Q2a should be aligned.
- a physical linear distance from the point Q1a to the point Q1b of the first patch electrode PE1 is dk ⁇ sin ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing changes in the voltage applied to the patch electrode for each period in the method for driving the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the first period Pd1 to the fifth period Pd5 of the driving period of the radio wave reflector RE.
- a voltage V is applied to the plurality of patch electrodes PE so that For example, a first voltage V1 is applied to the first patch electrode PE1, a second voltage V2 is applied to the second patch electrode PE2, and a third voltage V3 is applied to the third patch electrode PE3.
- a second period Pd2 following the first period Pd1 voltages are applied to the plurality of patch electrodes PE so that the radio waves reflected by the plurality of reflection control portions RH are kept in phase in the first reflection direction d1.
- the second voltage V2 is applied to the first patch electrode PE1
- the third voltage V3 is applied to the second patch electrode
- the fourth voltage V4 is applied to the third patch electrode PE3.
- the same voltage is applied to the plurality of patch electrodes PE of each patch electrode group GP via the connection line CL.
- each patch electrode PE is periodically inverted with respect to the potential of the common electrode CE.
- the patch electrode PE is driven with a driving frequency of 60 Hz. Since the patch electrode PE is AC-driven, a fixed voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal layer LC for a long period of time. Since it is possible to suppress the occurrence of image sticking, it is possible to suppress deviation of the direction of the reflected wave w2 from the first reflection direction d1.
- the absolute value of the voltage applied during the second period Pd2 is different from the absolute value of the voltage applied during the first period Pd1. Since the occurrence of burn-in can be sufficiently suppressed, the deviation of the direction of the reflected wave w2 from the first reflection direction d1 can be suppressed.
- the radio waves reflected in the first reflection direction d1 by one reflection control part RH and the radio waves reflected in the first reflection direction d1 by the adjacent reflection control part RH and the phase amount .delta.1 are maintained.
- the phase amount ⁇ 1 is 60°.
- the sixth voltage V6 is applied to the sixth patch electrode PE6 during the first period Pd1. 300 between the radio wave reflected in the first reflection direction d1 by the first reflection control section RH1 and the radio wave reflected in the first reflection direction d1 by the sixth reflection control section having the sixth patch electrode PE6. It gives a phase difference of °.
- a seventh voltage may be applied to the seventh patch electrode PE7 during the first period Pd1.
- the first voltage V1 is applied to the seventh patch electrode PE7 during the first period Pd1.
- a periodic voltage application pattern can drive a large number of patch electrodes PE while suppressing the types of voltages V.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- the example shown in FIG. 6 differs from the example shown in FIG. 1 in that a switching element for controlling the patch electrode PE is provided.
- the first substrate SUB1 has a plurality of signal lines SL, a plurality of scanning lines GL, a plurality of switching elements SW, a drive circuit DRV, and a plurality of lead lines LD instead of the connection lines CL. is doing.
- the plurality of signal lines SL extend along the second direction Y and are arranged along the first direction X.
- the plurality of scanning lines GL extends along the first direction X and is arranged along the second direction Y. As shown in FIG. A plurality of scanning lines GL are connected to a drive circuit DRV.
- the switching element SW is provided near the intersection of one signal line SL and one scanning line GL.
- a plurality of lead wires LD are connected to the drive circuit DRV.
- the signal line SL and the lead line LD may be connected to outer lead bonding (OLB) pads, respectively.
- FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the radio wave reflector.
- scanning lines GL are provided on the base material BA1 of the radio wave reflector RE.
- the scanning line GL has a gate electrode GE.
- An insulating layer GI is formed on the base material BA1 and the scanning lines GL.
- a semiconductor layer SMC is provided on the insulating layer GI.
- the semiconductor layer SMC overlaps the gate electrode GE and has a first region R1 and a second region R2. One of the first region R1 and the second region R2 is the source region and the other is the drain region.
- the gate electrode GE, semiconductor layer SMC, etc. constitute a switching element SW as a thin film transistor (TFT).
- the switching element SW may be a bottom-gate thin film transistor or a top-gate thin film transistor.
- a source electrode SE is provided in contact with the first region R1 of the semiconductor layer SMC, and a drain electrode DE is provided in contact with the second region R2 of the semiconductor layer SMC.
- the source electrode SE may be formed integrally with the signal line SL.
- An insulating layer ILI1 is formed over the insulating layer GI, the semiconductor layer SMC, the source electrode SE, and the drain electrode DE.
- a patch electrode PE is formed on the insulating layer ILI1.
- the patch electrode PE is connected to the drain electrode DE through a contact hole CH formed in the insulating layer ILI1.
- the alignment film AL1 is formed on the insulating layer ILI2 and the patch electrode PE.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a switching element.
- the description of the semiconductor layer SMC is omitted.
- the scanning lines GL extending along the first direction X and the signal lines SL extending along the second direction Y have wide widths in their intersecting regions.
- the wide region of the scanning line GL is the gate electrode GE, and the wide region of the signal line SL is the source electrode SE.
- a plurality of patch electrodes PE can be individually driven by active matrix driving. Therefore, a plurality of patch electrodes PE can be driven independently.
- the direction of the reflected wave w2 reflected by the radio wave reflector RE can be parallel to the YZ plane.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector of this embodiment.
- the radio wave reflector RE has arbitrary four patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22.
- Patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22 have patch electrodes PE11, PE12, PE21, and PE22, respectively.
- the patch area PA11 and the patch area PA12 are adjacent in the second direction Y.
- the patch area PA11 and the patch area PA21 are adjacent in the first direction X.
- the patch areas PA12 and PA22 are adjacent in the first direction X, and the patch areas PA21 and PA22 are adjacent in the second direction Y.
- sides extending along the first direction X are E1 and E3, and sides extending along the second direction Y are E2 and E4.
- Side E1, side E2, side E3, and side E4 have the same length.
- P1 be the intersection of the sides E1 and E2
- P2 be the intersection of the sides E2 and E3
- P3 be the intersection of the sides E3 and E4
- P4 be the intersection of the sides E4 and E1.
- the points P1, P2, P3, and P4 can also be said to be corners or vertices of the square patch electrode PE.
- connection electrodes HE electrodes that connect the patch electrodes PE adjacent to each other along the first direction X are referred to as connection electrodes HE.
- An electrode that connects the patch electrodes PE adjacent to each other along the second direction Y is called a connection electrode VE.
- the patch area PA11 has a patch electrode PE11.
- the patch electrode PE11 is connected to connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X.
- the patch electrode PE11 is connected to connection electrodes VE11 and VE12 extending along a direction parallel to the second direction Y.
- the patch electrodes PE in other patch areas PA are also connected to adjacent patch electrodes in the same manner as the patch electrodes PE11.
- connection electrode VE01 extends in a direction opposite to the second direction Y from the side E1.
- the connection electrode VE01 is arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P4.
- the connection electrode VE12 extends along the second direction Y from the side E3.
- the connection electrode VE12 is arranged at a position equidistant from the points P2 and P3. That is, the position where the connection electrode VE01 is arranged is the center of the side E1.
- the position where the connection electrode VE12 is arranged is the center of the side E3.
- the connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are arranged in a straight line along a direction parallel to the second direction Y, and arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the center point C11 of the patch electrode PE11.
- connection electrode HE01 extends in a direction opposite to the first direction X from the side E2.
- the connection electrode HE01 is arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P2.
- the connection electrode HE12 extends along the first direction X from the side E4.
- the connection electrode HE12 is arranged at a position equidistant from the points P3 and P4. That is, the position where the connection electrode HE01 is arranged is the center of the side E2.
- the position where the connection electrode HE12 is arranged is the center of the side E4.
- the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are arranged in a straight line along a direction parallel to the first direction X, and arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the center point C11 of the patch electrode PE11.
- the shape of the electrodes formed by the patch electrodes PE, the connection electrodes VE, and the connection electrodes HE included in one patch area PA has rotational symmetry with the central point C11 of the patch area PA as the center of rotation. . It can be said that the four patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22 as a whole have rotational symmetry. In this case, the center of rotation is the intersection T of the four patch areas PA.
- the shape of the electrode viewed from the incident surface Sa be a shape that acts substantially equally in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. This is because if the electrode shape acts differently in each direction, the reflection characteristics of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave will differ.
- the electrode shapes formed by the patch electrode PE, the connection electrode VE, and the connection electrode HE have rotational symmetry. works. This makes it possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- connection electrode VE when the radio wave reflector RE is controlled for each patch electrode group GP, the connection electrode VE may be integrally formed with the same conductor as the patch electrode PE, or may be formed with a different conductor. may be The connection electrode HE may be a dummy electrode that is not connected to the patch electrode PE. That is, the connection electrode HE may be in a floating state. As shown in FIG. 6, when the radio wave reflector RE is driven in an active matrix, the connection electrode HE may be the scanning line GL, and the connection electrode VE may be the signal line SL.
- connection electrode VE may be used as a dummy electrode instead of the connection electrode HE. In that case, a voltage may be applied to the patch electrode PE via the connection electrode HE. That is, one of the connection electrode HE and the connection electrode VE may be used as an electrode to which a voltage is applied, and the other may be used as a dummy electrode.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 10 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that the widths of the connection electrodes VE and HE are different.
- the width j2 of the connection electrode HE is larger than the width j1 of the connection electrode VE. That is, j2>j1.
- the shape of the electrodes included in one patch area PA has rotational symmetry.
- the four patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22 shown in FIG. 10 also have rotational symmetry as a whole.
- the electrode shapes formed by the patch electrode PE, the connection electrode VE, and the connection electrode HE have rotational symmetry. act equally. This makes it possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- connection electrode VE extending along the direction opposite to the second direction Y is defined as a first connection electrode
- connection electrode HE extending along the direction opposite to the first direction X is defined as a second connection electrode
- connection electrode VE extending along the second direction Y is referred to as a third connection electrode
- connection electrode HE extending along the first direction X is referred to as a fourth connection electrode.
- the first connection electrode and the third connection electrode extend in a direction parallel to the second direction Y.
- the second connection electrode and the fourth connection electrode extend in a direction parallel to the first direction X.
- the patch area PA11 is the first patch area
- the patch area PA12 adjacent to the patch area PA11 in the second direction Y is the second patch area
- the patch area PA21 adjacent to the patch area PA11 in the first direction X is the second patch area
- a patch area PA22, which is adjacent to the third patch area, patch area PA12 in the first direction X, and adjacent to patch area PA21 in the second direction Y, is referred to as a fourth patch area.
- the sides E1 and E3 extending along the first direction X are defined as the first side and the third side, respectively, and the sides E2 and E4 extending along the second direction Y are defined as They are referred to as the second side and the fourth side, respectively.
- a point P1 that is the intersection of the sides E1 and E2 a point P2 that is the intersection of the sides E2 and E3, a point P3 that is the intersection of the sides E3 and E4, and a point P4 that is the intersection of the sides E4 and E1, respectively.
- the first point, the second point, the third point, and the fourth point are defined as the first side and the third side, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 11 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that the connection electrodes VE and the connection electrodes HE are arranged at positions shifted from the center of the side.
- a virtual line Lh passing through the center point C11 and extending along the first direction X is a virtual line passing through the centers of the sides E2 and E4.
- a virtual line Lv passing through the center point C11 and extending along the second direction Y is a virtual line passing through the centers of the sides E1 and E3.
- connection electrode VE01 extends from the side E1. However, unlike FIG. 9, the connection electrode VE01 is not arranged in the center of the side E1. The connection electrode VE01 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P4, but is arranged at a position closer to the point P1 than to the point P4.
- the connection electrode VE12 extends from the side E3. However, unlike FIG. 9, the connection electrode VE12 is not arranged in the center of the side E3. The connection electrode VE12 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P2 and P3, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P2 than to the point P3.
- connection electrode HE01 extends from the side E2. However, unlike FIG. 9, the connection electrode HE01 is not arranged in the center of the side E2. The connection electrode HE01 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P2, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P1 than to the point P2.
- the connection electrode HE12 extends from the side E4. However, unlike FIG. 9, the connection electrode HE12 is not arranged in the center of the side E4. The connection electrode HE12 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P3 and P4, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P4 than to the point P3.
- connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y. As shown in FIG. The connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are not superimposed on the imaginary line Lv and are arranged at offset positions. The connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are straight electrodes or wires extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X. As shown in FIG. The connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are not superimposed on the imaginary line Lh and are arranged at offset positions.
- connection electrode VE when the radio wave reflector RE is controlled for each patch electrode group GP, the connection electrode VE may be integrally formed with the same conductor as the patch electrode PE, or may be formed with a different conductor. may be The connection electrode HE may be a dummy electrode that is not connected to the patch electrode PE. That is, the connection electrode HE may be in a floating state. As shown in FIG. 6, when the radio wave reflector RE is driven in an active matrix, the connection electrode HE may be the scanning line GL, and the connection electrode VE may be the signal line SL.
- connection electrode VE may be used as a dummy electrode instead of the connection electrode HE. In that case, a voltage may be applied to the patch electrode PE via the connection electrode HE. That is, one of the connection electrode HE and the connection electrode VE may be used as an electrode to which a voltage is applied, and the other may be used as a dummy electrode.
- the electrode shapes formed by the patch electrodes PE, the connection electrodes VE, and the connection electrodes HE included in one patch area PA do not have rotational symmetry.
- the four patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22 as a whole also have no rotational symmetry.
- both the shape of the electrodes included in one patch area PA and the entirety of the four patch areas PA have symmetry in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state in which the patch area PA11 is rotated counterclockwise by 90°.
- the electrode shapes including the patch electrode PE, the connection electrode VE, and the connection electrode HE are not the same before and after the rotation.
- the electrode shape after rotation also has symmetry between the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. Therefore, it is the same in that it acts on the incident wave w1 substantially equally in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 13 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 11 in the position of the connection electrode HE.
- the connection electrode HE01 is not arranged in the center of the side E2.
- the connection electrode HE01 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P2, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P2 than to the point P1.
- the connection electrode HE12 is not arranged in the center of the side E4.
- the connection electrode HE12 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P3 and P4, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P3 than to the point P4.
- connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are straight electrodes or wires extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y, as in FIG.
- the connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are not superimposed on the imaginary line Lv and are arranged at offset positions.
- the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are straight electrodes or wires extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are not superimposed on the imaginary line Lh and are arranged at offset positions.
- both the shape of the electrodes included in one patch area PA and the entirety of the four patch areas PA have symmetry in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. Therefore, it is possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- This configuration example also has the same effect as the embodiment.
- the virtual line Lv passing through the center point C (for example, the center point C11) of the patch electrode PE and extending along the second direction Y is defined as a first virtual line.
- a virtual line Lh passing through the center point C and extending along the first direction X is defined as a second virtual line.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 14 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that one of the connection electrode VE and the connection electrode HE is arranged at a position shifted from the center of the side.
- the positions of the connection electrodes VE are the same as in FIG. That is, the connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y, and overlap the virtual line Lv.
- connection electrode HE01 is not arranged in the center of the side E2.
- the connection electrode HE01 is not superimposed on the imaginary line Lh and is arranged at a position shifted from it.
- the connection electrode HE01 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P2, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P2 than to the point P1.
- the connection electrode HE12 is not arranged in the center of the side E4.
- the connection electrode HE12 is not superimposed on the imaginary line Lh and is arranged at a position shifted from it.
- the connection electrode HE12 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P3 and P4, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P3 than to the point P4. That is, the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are linear electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X, and are arranged at positions shifted from the imaginary line Lh.
- connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are not limited to the above, as long as they are not arranged in the center of the sides E2 and E4, respectively.
- the connection electrode HE01 may be arranged at a position closer to the point P1 than the point P2, and the connection electrode HE12 may be arranged at a position closer to the point P4 than the point P3.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 15 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that one of the connection electrode VE and the connection electrode HE is arranged at a position shifted from the center of the side.
- the positions of the connection electrodes HE are the same as in FIG. That is, the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12 are linear electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X, and overlap with the virtual line Lh.
- connection electrode VE01 is not arranged in the center of the side E1.
- the connection electrode VE01 is not superimposed on the virtual line Lv and is arranged at a position shifted from it.
- the connection electrode VE01 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P1 and P4, and is arranged at a position closer to the point P4 than to the point P1.
- the connection electrode VE12 is not arranged in the center of the side E3.
- the connection electrode VE12 is not superimposed on the virtual line Lv and is arranged at a position shifted from it.
- the connection electrode VE12 is not arranged at a position equidistant from the points P2 and P3, but is arranged at a position closer to the point P3 than to the point P2. That is, the connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are linear electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y, and are arranged at positions shifted from the virtual line Lv.
- connection electrodes VE01 and VE12 are not limited to the above, as long as they are not arranged in the center of the sides E1 and E2, respectively.
- the connection electrode VE01 may be arranged at a position closer to the point P1 than the point P4, and the connection electrode VE12 may be arranged at a position closer to the point P2 than the point P3.
- connection electrode VE and the patch electrode PE are integrally formed of the same conductor. They may be formed of conductors different from each other.
- the connection electrode HE may be a dummy electrode that is not connected to the patch electrode PE. That is, the connection electrode HE may be in a floating state.
- the connection electrode HE when the radio wave reflector RE is driven in an active matrix, the connection electrode HE may be the scanning line GL, and the connection electrode VE may be the signal line SL.
- connection electrode VE may be used as a dummy electrode instead of the connection electrode HE. In that case, a voltage may be applied to the patch electrode PE via the connection electrode HE. That is, one of the connection electrode HE and the connection electrode VE may be used as an electrode to which a voltage is applied, and the other may be used as a dummy electrode.
- the patch area PA does not have rotational symmetry.
- the electrode shape after rotation also has symmetry between the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. Therefore, in the configuration examples shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 as well, it is possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- This configuration example also has the same effect as the embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 16 is different from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that electrodes connecting adjacent patch electrodes PE extend in an oblique direction.
- the direction inclined 45° clockwise from the first direction X on the XY plane is the direction D1.
- a direction inclined 180° clockwise from the direction D1 is defined as a direction D2.
- the direction D1 and the direction D2 are directions parallel to each other, one being the opposite direction of the other.
- a direction orthogonal to the direction D1 is defined as D3, and a direction inclined 180° clockwise with respect to the direction D3 is defined as D4.
- the direction D3 and the direction D4 are directions parallel to each other, one being the opposite direction of the other.
- Directions D1 and D3 intersect at 90°.
- connection electrodes connecting adjacent patch electrodes PE extend from points P (P1, P2, P3, P4) of the patch electrodes PE.
- the connection electrodes extend along the direction D1 or the direction D2, or along the direction D3 or the direction D4.
- the patch area PA11 has a patch electrode PE11, a connection electrode LE01, and a connection electrode LE12.
- the connection electrode LE01 extends along the direction D2 from the point P1, which is the intersection of the sides E1 and E2.
- the connection electrode LE12 extends along the direction D1 from the point P3, which is the intersection of the sides E3 and E4.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 are straight electrodes or wiring extending in a direction parallel to the direction D1.
- Gm be a virtual line including the diagonal Gma parallel to the direction D1 (direction D2)
- Gh be a virtual line Gh including the diagonal Gha parallel to the direction D3 (direction D4).
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 overlap the virtual line Gh.
- a patch area PA12 adjacent to the patch area PA11 in the second direction Y has a patch electrode PE12, a connection electrode ME12, and a connection electrode ME23.
- the connection electrode ME12 extends along the direction D3 from the point P4, which is the intersection of the sides E1 and E4.
- the connection electrode ME23 extends along the direction D4 from the point P2 at the intersection of the sides E2 and E3.
- the connection electrode ME12 and the connection electrode ME23 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the direction D3.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 overlap the virtual line Gm.
- the connection electrode LE12 and the connection electrode ME12 are integrally formed to constitute the connection electrode KE12.
- a row (referred to as a first row) of the patch areas PA including the patch areas PA11 and arranged along the first direction X has a configuration similar to that of the patch areas PA11.
- a row (referred to as a second row) of the patch areas PA including the patch areas PA12 and arranged along the first direction X has a configuration similar to that of the patch areas PA12.
- the patch area PA13 has the same configuration as the patch area PA11.
- the patch area PA14 adjacent to the patch area PA13 in the second direction Y has the same configuration as the patch area PA12.
- the first rows and the second rows are alternately arranged.
- the electrode shape formed by the patch electrode PE, the connection electrode LE, and the connection electrode ME included in one patch area PA rotates about the central point of the patch area PA. It has rotational symmetry.
- both the shape of the electrodes included in one patch area PA and the entirety of the four patch areas PA have symmetry in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. Therefore, it is possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 17 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 16 in that the dummy electrodes are arranged symmetrically with the connection electrodes extending in the oblique direction.
- connection electrodes connecting adjacent patch electrodes PE extend from points P (P1, P2, P3, P4) of the patch electrodes PE.
- the connection electrodes extend along the direction D1 or the direction D2, or along the direction D3 or the direction D4.
- a dummy electrode extends from a point opposite to the point where the connection electrode extends.
- the dummy electrodes are arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the connection electrodes. As described above, the dummy electrode may be in a floating state without being connected to the patch electrode PE.
- the patch area PA11 has a patch electrode PE11, a connection electrode LE01, a connection electrode LE12, a dummy electrode DR01, and a dummy electrode DR12.
- the connection electrode LE01 extends from the point P1 along the direction D2.
- the connection electrode LE12 extends from the point P3 along the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 are straight electrodes or wiring extending in a direction parallel to the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 overlap the virtual line Gh.
- the dummy electrode DR01 extends from the point P4 along the direction D3.
- Dummy electrode DR12 extends from point P2 along direction D4.
- the dummy electrode DR01 and the dummy electrode DR12 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the direction D3.
- the dummy electrode DR01 and the dummy electrode DR12 overlap the virtual line Gm.
- connection electrode LE01 and the dummy electrode DR01 are located line-symmetrically with respect to the virtual line Lh.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the dummy electrode DR12 are located line-symmetrically with respect to the virtual line Lv.
- a patch area PA12 adjacent to the patch area PA11 in the second direction Y has a patch electrode PE12, a connection electrode ME12, a connection electrode ME23, a dummy electrode DL12, and a dummy electrode DL23.
- the connection electrode ME12 extends along the direction D3 from the point P4, which is the intersection of the sides E1 and E4.
- the connection electrode ME23 extends along the direction D4 from the point P2 at the intersection of the sides E2 and E3.
- the connection electrode ME12 and the connection electrode ME23 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the direction D3.
- the connection electrode ME12 and the connection electrode ME23 overlap the virtual line Gm.
- the dummy electrode DL12 extends from the point P1 along the direction D2.
- the dummy electrode DL23 extends along the direction D1 from the point P3.
- the dummy electrode DL12 and the dummy electrode DL23 are straight electrodes or wiring extending in a direction parallel to the direction D1.
- the dummy electrode DL12 and the dummy electrode DL23 overlap the virtual line Gh.
- connection electrode ME12 in the patch area PA12 is integrally formed with the connection electrode LE12 in the patch area PA11 to constitute the connection electrode QE12.
- the dummy electrode DL12 in the patch area PA12 may be formed integrally with the dummy electrode DR12 in the patch area PA11, or may be formed separately from each other. When integrally formed, the dummy electrode DL12 and the dummy electrode DR12 constitute the dummy electrode DK12.
- a patch area PA13 adjacent to the patch area PA12 in the second direction Y has a patch electrode PE13, a connection electrode LE23, a connection electrode LE34, a dummy electrode DL23, and a dummy electrode DR34.
- the patch area PA13 has the same configuration as the patch area PA11.
- the connection electrode LE23 extends from the point P1 along the direction D2.
- the connection electrode LE34 extends from the point P3 along the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE23 and the connection electrode LE34 are straight electrodes or wiring extending in a direction parallel to the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE23 and the connection electrode LE34 overlap the virtual line Gh.
- the dummy electrode DR23 extends from the point P4 along the direction D3.
- Dummy electrode DR34 extends from point P2 along direction D4.
- the dummy electrode DR23 and the dummy electrode DR34 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the direction D3.
- the dummy electrode DR23 and the dummy electrode DR34 overlap the virtual line Gm.
- connection electrode LE23 in the patch area PA13 is integrally formed with the connection electrode ME23 in the patch area PA13 to constitute the connection electrode KE23.
- Dummy electrode DR23 in patch area PA13 may be formed integrally with dummy electrode DL23 in patch area PA12, or may be formed separately. When integrally formed, the dummy electrode DR23 and the dummy electrode DL23 constitute the dummy electrode DQ23.
- a patch area PA21 adjacent to the patch area PA11 in the first direction X has the same configuration as the patch area PA11.
- the patch area PA21 has a patch electrode PE21, a connection electrode LE01, a connection electrode LE12, a dummy electrode DR01, and a dummy electrode DR12.
- the connection electrode LE01 extends from the point P1 along the direction D2.
- the connection electrode LE12 extends from the point P3 along the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 are straight electrodes or wiring extending in a direction parallel to the direction D1.
- the connection electrode LE01 and the connection electrode LE12 overlap the virtual line Gh.
- the dummy electrode DR01 extends from the point P4 along the direction D3.
- Dummy electrode DR12 extends from point P2 along direction D4.
- the dummy electrode DR01 and the dummy electrode DR12 are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the direction D3.
- the dummy electrode DR01 and the dummy electrode DR12 overlap the virtual line Gm.
- a patch area PA22 adjacent to the patch area PA21 in the second direction Y has the same configuration as the patch area PA12. However, the patch electrode PE12 in the patch area PA12 shall be read as the patch electrode PE22 in the patch area PA21.
- the electrode shape formed by the patch electrode PE, the connection electrode LE, the connection electrode ME, the dummy electrode DL, and the dummy electrode DR included in one patch area PA is the same as that of the patch area PA. It has rotational symmetry with the center point as the center of rotation.
- the four patch areas PA (PA11, PA12, PA21, and PA22) also have rotational symmetry around the intersection T of the four patch areas PA as the center of rotation.
- both the shape of the electrodes included in one patch area PA and the entirety of the four patch areas PA have symmetry in the horizontal polarization direction and the vertical polarization direction. Therefore, it is possible to improve the reflection characteristics of the radio wave reflector RE.
- connection electrodes LE and RE are integrally formed of the same conductor as the patch electrode PE. Alternatively, they may be formed of different conductors. In FIG. 17, dummy electrodes DL and DR may be in a floating state. This configuration example also has the same effect as the embodiment.
- the direction D1 tilted clockwise by 45° from the first direction X and the direction D3 perpendicular to the direction D1 are sometimes called the third direction and the fourth direction, respectively.
- the diagonals Gha and Gma are sometimes called the first diagonal and the second diagonal, respectively.
- the virtual lines Gh and Gm are sometimes called the first virtual line and the second virtual line, respectively.
- connection electrodes LE one of the connection electrodes LE extending in the direction parallel to the direction D1 from the patch electrode PE is the first connection electrode, and the other is the second connection electrode.
- connection electrodes ME extending from the patch electrode PE in the direction parallel to the direction D3
- one is the first connection electrode and the other is the second connection electrode.
- connection electrode LE01 extending along the direction D2 from the point P1, which is the vertex of the patch electrode PE11 is the first connection electrode of the patch area PA11.
- the connection electrode LE12 extending along the direction D1 from the point P3, which is the vertex of the patch electrode PE11, is the second connection electrode of the patch area PA11.
- the connection electrode ME12 extending along the direction D3 from the point P4, which is the vertex of the patch electrode PE12 is the first connection electrode of the patch area PA12.
- connection electrode ME23 extending along the direction D4 from the point P2, which is the vertex of the patch electrode PE12, is the second connection electrode of the patch area PA12.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 17 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 9 in that the patch electrodes are arranged in an oblique direction.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view showing the radio wave reflector RE of this configuration example.
- a plurality of square patch electrodes PE are arranged in a matrix along the direction D1 and the direction D3 on the radio wave reflector RE.
- an imaginary line including a diagonal line Gxa parallel to the first direction X is Gx
- an imaginary line including a diagonal line Gya parallel to the second direction Y is Gy.
- the radio wave reflector RE shown in FIG. 18 includes patch areas PA11, PA12, PA21, PA22, PA31, and PA32.
- the patch areas PA11 and PA31 are arranged side by side along the first direction X.
- the patch areas PA12 and PA32 are arranged side by side along the first direction X.
- the patch areas PA11 and PA12 are arranged side by side along the second direction Y.
- the patch areas PA21 and PA22 are arranged side by side along the second direction Y.
- the patch areas PA31 and PA32 are arranged side by side along the second direction Y. As shown in FIG.
- Patch areas PA11, PA22, and PA32 are arranged adjacent to each other along direction D1 (or direction D2).
- Patch areas PA21 and PA31 are arranged adjacent to each other along direction D1 (or direction D2).
- Patch areas PA11 and PA21 are arranged adjacent to each other along direction D3 (or direction D4).
- Patch areas PA12, PA22, and PA31 are arranged adjacent to each other along direction D3 (or direction D4).
- the patch area PA11 has a patch electrode PE11, a connection electrode VE01a, a connection electrode VE12a, a dummy electrode DH01a, and a dummy electrode DH12a.
- the connection electrode VE01a extends along the direction parallel to the second direction Y from the point P4.
- the connection electrode VE12a extends from the point P2 along the second direction Y and is connected to the patch electrode PE12 in the patch area PA12.
- the connection electrode VE01a and the connection electrode VE12a are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y. As shown in FIG.
- the connection electrode VE01a and the connection electrode VE12a overlap the virtual line Gy.
- the dummy electrode DH01a extends in a direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12a extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- the dummy electrode DH12a may reach the patch area PA31.
- the dummy electrode DH01a and the dummy electrode DH12a are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the dummy electrode DH01a and dummy electrode DH12a overlap the virtual line Gx.
- the patch area PA12 has a patch electrode PE12, a connection electrode VE12a, a connection electrode VE23a, a dummy electrode DH01a, and a dummy electrode DH12a.
- the connection electrode VE12a extends in a direction parallel to the second direction Y from the point P4.
- the connection electrode VE23a extends along the second direction Y from the point P2.
- the connection electrode VE12a and the connection electrode VE23a are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y. As shown in FIG.
- the connection electrode VE12a and the connection electrode VE23a overlap the virtual line Gy.
- the dummy electrode DH01a extends in a direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12a extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- the dummy electrode DH12a may reach the patch area PA32.
- the patch area PA21 has a patch electrode PE21, a connection electrode VE01b, a connection electrode VE12b, a dummy electrode DH01b, and a dummy electrode DH12b.
- the connection electrode VE01b extends along the direction parallel to the second direction Y from the point P4.
- the connection electrode VE12b extends from the point P2 along the second direction Y and is connected to the patch electrode PE22.
- the connection electrode VE01b and the connection electrode VE12b are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y. As shown in FIG.
- the connection electrode VE01b and the connection electrode VE12b overlap the virtual line Gy.
- the dummy electrode DH01b extends along the direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12b extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- the dummy electrode DH01b and the dummy electrode DH12b are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the dummy electrode DH01b and dummy electrode DH12b overlap the virtual line Gx.
- the patch area PA22 has a patch electrode PE22, a connection electrode VE12b, a connection electrode VE12b, a dummy electrode DH01b, and a dummy electrode DH12b.
- the connection electrode VE12b extends from the point P4 along a direction parallel to the second direction Y, and is connected to the patch electrode PE21.
- the connection electrode VE23b extends along the second direction Y from the point P2.
- the connection electrode VE12b and the connection electrode VE23b are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the second direction Y. As shown in FIG.
- the connection electrode VE12b and the connection electrode VE23b overlap the virtual line Gy.
- the dummy electrode DH01b extends along the direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12b extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- the patch area PA31 has a patch electrode PE31, a connection electrode VE01a, a connection electrode VE12a, a dummy electrode DH12a, and a dummy electrode DH23a.
- the connection electrode VE01a extends along the direction parallel to the second direction Y from the point P4.
- the connection electrode VE12a extends from the point P2 along the second direction Y and is connected to the patch electrode PE32 in the patch area PA32.
- the dummy electrode DH12a extends in a direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12a may reach the patch area PA11.
- the dummy electrode DH23a extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- the dummy electrode DH12a and the dummy electrode DH23a are straight electrodes or wirings extending in a direction parallel to the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the dummy electrode DH12a and the dummy electrode DH23a overlap the virtual line Gx.
- the patch area PA32 has a patch electrode PE32, a connection electrode VE12a, a connection electrode VE23a, a dummy electrode DH12a, and a dummy electrode DH23a.
- the connection electrode VE12a extends from the point P4 along the direction parallel to the second direction Y, and is connected to the patch electrode PE31 in the patch area PA31.
- the connection electrode VE23a extends along the second direction Y from the point P2.
- the dummy electrode DH12a extends along the direction parallel to the first direction X from the point P1.
- the dummy electrode DH12a may reach the patch area PA12.
- the dummy electrode DH23a extends along the first direction X from the point P3.
- connection electrodes VE (VE01a, VE12a, VE23a, VE01b, VE12b, VE23b) and the dummy electrodes DH (DH01a, DH12a, DH23a, DH01b, DH12b) are desirably separated via an insulating layer in a cross-sectional view. .
- the patch areas PA are arranged along a direction D1, a direction D2, a direction D3, and a direction D4 forming an angle of 45° with the first direction X and the second direction Y.
- the patch electrodes PE included in the patch area PA are similarly arranged along the direction forming 45° with the first direction X and the second direction Y.
- FIG. 18 exemplifies a portion of a plurality of patch areas PA. Although six patch areas PA are shown in the radio wave reflector RE shown in FIG. 17, the number of patch areas PA is not limited to this.
- connection electrode VE and the patch electrode PE may be formed integrally with the same conductor, or may be formed integrally with each other. It may be formed of different conductors.
- the dummy electrode DH may be in a floating state. This configuration example also has the same effect as the embodiment.
- direction D1 and direction D3 shown in FIG. 18 are called first direction and second direction, respectively.
- first direction X and the second direction Y are called the third direction and the fourth direction, respectively.
- the diagonals Gya and Gxa are called the first diagonal and the second diagonal, respectively.
- the virtual lines Gy and Gx are called the first virtual line and the second virtual line, respectively.
- patch areas PA12, PA11, and PA32 are assumed to be the first patch area, the second patch area, and the third patch area, respectively.
- Patch area PA12 (first patch area) and patch area PA11 (second patch area) are adjacent to each other in a direction parallel to direction D1 (first direction).
- Patch area PA12 (first patch area) and patch area PA32 (third patch area) are adjacent to each other in a direction parallel to direction D3 (second direction).
- connection electrodes VE12a and VE23a of the patch area PA12 are called the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode of the first patch area.
- the connection electrodes VE01a and VE12a of the patch area PA11 are called the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode of the first patch area.
- the connection electrodes VE12a of the patch area PA12 and the connection electrodes VE12a of the patch area PA11 are integrally formed.
- the dummy electrodes DH01a and DH12a of the patch area PA12 are called the first dummy electrode and the second dummy electrode of the first patch area.
- the dummy electrodes DH12a and DH23a of the patch area PA32 are called the first dummy electrode and the second dummy electrode of the third patch area.
- the dummy electrode DH12a in the patch area PA12 and the dummy electrode DH12a in the patch area PA32 are integrally formed.
- 19A and 19B are diagrams showing other configuration examples of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B is different from the configuration example shown in FIG. 1 in that the patch electrodes and the dummy electrodes are spaced apart via an insulating layer.
- 19A is a plan view showing the patch area PA11 of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view of the radio wave reflector RE along line A1-A2 in FIG. 19A.
- connection electrodes HE01 and HE02 are provided on the base material BA1.
- An insulating layer INS is provided to cover the connection electrodes HE01 and HE02.
- the insulating layer INS may be made of an inorganic insulating material or an organic insulating material.
- a patch electrode PE is provided on the insulating layer INS.
- the dummy electrodes DR (DR01, DR12, DR23) and the dummy electrodes DL (DL01, DL12, DL23) are replaced with the connection electrodes HE (HE01, HE12) shown in FIG. 19B.
- the dummy electrode DH may be replaced with the connection electrode HE shown in FIG. 19B.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 20 differs from the configuration example shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B in that the dummy electrodes are integrally formed.
- the connection electrodes HE01 and HE12, which are dummy electrodes, are integrally formed to constitute one connection electrode HE.
- the connection electrode HE may be connected to another connection electrode HE provided in the adjacent patch area PA.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIG. 21 differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 20 in that the dummy electrodes are provided above the patch electrodes.
- the patch electrodes PE are provided on the base material BA1.
- An insulating layer (not shown) may be provided between the base material BA1 and the patch electrode PE.
- An insulating layer INS is provided to cover the patch electrode PE.
- Connection electrodes HE01 and HE02 are provided on the insulating layer INS.
- FIGS. 22A and 22B are diagrams showing other configuration examples of the radio wave reflector in the embodiment.
- the configuration example shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B differs from the configuration example shown in FIG. 20 in that the dummy electrodes are provided in the same layer as the patch electrodes.
- 22A is a plan view of the patch area PA11
- FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view of the radio wave reflector RE along line B1-B2 in FIG. 22A.
- an insulating layer INS is provided on the base material BA1.
- a patch electrode PE and connection electrodes HE01 and HE12, which are dummy electrodes, are provided on the insulating layer INS.
- the patch electrodes PE and connection electrodes HE (HE01 and HE12) are spaced apart on the XY plane and are not connected.
- the connection electrode HE is in a floating state.
- This configuration example also has the same effect as the embodiment.
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Description
第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、前記第2方向に平行に延伸する第1接続電極及び第3接続電極と、第1方向に平行に延伸する第2接続電極及び第4接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記複数のパッチエリアのそれぞれに含まれる前記パッチ電極と、前記第1接続電極と、前記第2接続電極と、第3接続電極と、第4接続電極とがなす電極形状は、前記複数のパッチエリアそれぞれの内部の一点を回転中心とする、回転対称性を有し、
前記複数のパッチエリアのうち、第1パッチエリアと、第1パッチエリアと第2方向で隣り合う第2パッチエリア、第1パッチエリアと第1方向で隣り合う第3パッチエリア、第2パッチエリアと第1方向で隣り合い、第3パッチエリアと第2方向で隣り合う第4パッチエリアは、前記第1パッチエリア、前記第2パッチエリア、前記第3パッチエリア、及び前記第4パッチエリア全体の交点を回転中心とする。
第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、第2方向に平行な方向に延伸する第1接続電極及び第3接続電極と、第1方向に平行な方向に延伸する第2接続電極及び第4接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記パッチ電極の中心点を通り、前記第2方向に沿って延伸する第1仮想線とし、前記中心点を通り、前記第1方向に沿って延伸する第2仮想線とし、
少なくとも、前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極が前記第1仮想線と重畳しない、又は、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極が前記第2仮想線と重畳しない、のうちの一方を満たす。
第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、前記パッチ電極の頂点から延伸する第1接続電極及び第2接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、前記パッチ電極の対角線の1つを含む仮想線に重畳する。
以下、図面を参照しながら一実施形態に係る電波反射板について詳細に説明する。
2.4GHz: Px=Py=35mm
5.0GHz: Px=Py=16.8mm
28GHz: Px=Py=3.0mm
δ1=dk×sinθ1×2π/λ
それぞれの期間Pdに、各々のパッチ電極群GPの複数のパッチ電極PEに接続配線CLを介して同一の電圧が印加される。
図6に示すように、第1基板SUB1は、接続配線CLに代えて、複数の信号線SL、複数の走査線GL、複数のスイッチング素子SW、駆動回路DRV、及び複数のリード線LDを有している。
絶縁層GI、半導体層SMC、ソース電極SE、及びドレイン電極DEの上に、絶縁層ILI1が形成されている。
第1方向Xに沿って延伸する走査線GL、及び、第2方向Yに沿って延伸する信号線SLは、それぞれ、交差する領域の幅が広い。走査線GLの当該幅が広い領域がゲート電極GE、信号線SLの当該幅が広い領域がソース電極SEである。
パッチエリアPA11とパッチエリアPA12は、第2方向Yで隣り合う。パッチエリアPA11とパッチエリアPA21は、第1方向Xで隣り合う。パッチエリアPA12とパッチエリアPA22は、第1方向Xで隣り合い、パッチエリアPA21とパッチエリアPA22は、第2方向Yで隣り合う。
辺E1及び辺E2の交点を点P1、辺E2及び辺E3の交点を点P2、辺E3及び辺E4の交点を点P3、辺E4及び辺E1の交点を点P4とする。点P1、点P2、点P3、及び点P4は、正方形状のパッチ電極PEの角あるいは頂点ともいえる。
パッチエリアPA11は、パッチ電極PE11を有している。パッチ電極PE11は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に延伸する、接続電極HE01及びHE12と接続されている。パッチ電極PE11は、第2方向Yに平行な方向に沿って延伸する、接続電極VE11及びVE12と接続されている。
他のパッチエリアPAのパッチ電極PEにおいても、パッチ電極PE11と同様に、隣り合うパッチ電極と接続されている。
図9において、接続電極VEの第1方向Xに沿った長さ(幅)j1は、接続電極HEの第2方向Yに沿った長さ(幅)j2と等しい。すなわちj1=j2を満たす。
接続電極VE12は、辺E3から第2方向Yに沿って延伸する。接続電極VE12は、点P2及び点P3から等距離の位置に配置されている。
つまり、接続電極VE01が配置される位置は、辺E1の中央である。接続電極VE12が配置される位置は、辺E3の中央である。接続電極VE01及びVE12は、第2方向Yに平行な方向に沿って一直線に配置され、パッチ電極PE11の中心点C11に対して線対称に配置されている。
接続電極HE12は、辺E4から第1方向Xに沿って延伸する。接続電極HE12は、点P3及び点P4から等距離の位置に配置されている。
つまり、接続電極HE01が配置される位置は、辺E2の中央である。接続電極HE12が配置される位置は、辺E4の中央である。接続電極HE01及びHE12は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に沿って一直線に配置され、パッチ電極PE11の中心点C11に対して線対称に配置されている。
4つのパッチエリアPA11、PA12、PA21、及びPA22では、当該4つのパッチエリアPA全体が、回転対称性を有しているといえる。この場合、回転中心は、当該4つのパッチエリアPAの交点Tである。
本実施形態の電波反射板REにおいて、パッチ電極PE、接続電極VE、及び接続電極HEがなす電極形状は、回転対称性を有しているので、水平偏波方向と垂直偏波方向で略等しく作用する。これにより電波反射板REの反射特性を向上させることが可能である。
図6に示すように、電波反射板REをアクティブマトリクス駆動する場合は、接続電極HEは走査線GL、接続電極VEは信号線SLであってもよい。
このような場合でも、1つのパッチエリアPAに含まれる電極形状は、回転対称性を有する。
図10に示す4つのパッチエリアPA11、PA12、PA21、及びPA22全体においても、全体として回転対称性を有している。
第1接続電極及び第3接続電極は、第2方向Yと平行な方向に延伸している。第2接続電極及び第4接続電極は、第1方向Xと平行な方向に延伸している。
辺E1及び辺E2の交点である点P1、辺E2及び辺E3の交点である点P2、辺E3及び辺E4の交点である点P3、辺E4及び辺E1の交点である点P4を、それぞれ、第1点、第2点、第3点、及び第4点とする。
図11は、実施形態における電波反射板の他の構成例を示す平面図である。図11に示した構成例では、図9に示した構成例と比較して、接続電極VE及び接続電極HEが辺の中央からずれた位置に配置されているという点で異なっている。
中心点C11を通り、第1方向Xに沿って延伸する仮想線Lhは、辺E2及び辺E4の中央を通る仮想線である。中心点C11を通り、第2方向Yに沿って延伸する仮想線Lvは、辺E1及び辺E3の中央を通る仮想線である。
接続電極VE12は、辺E3から延伸している。しかし接続電極VE12は、図9とは異なり、辺E3の中央には配置されていない。接続電極VE12は、点P2及び点P3から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P3よりは点P2に近い位置に配置されている。
接続電極HE12は、辺E4から延伸している。しかし接続電極HE12は、図9とは異なり、辺E4の中央には配置されていない。接続電極HE12は、点P3及び点P4から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P3よりは点P4に近い位置に配置されている。
接続電極HE01及びHE12は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極HE01及びHE12は、仮想線Lhと重畳せず、ずれた位置に配置される。
図6に示すように、電波反射板REをアクティブマトリクス駆動する場合は、接続電極HEは走査線GL、接続電極VEは信号線SLであってもよい。
4つのパッチエリアPA11、PA12、PA21、及びPA22全体についても、回転対称性を有していない。しかしながら、1つのパッチエリアPAに含まれる上記電極形状も、上記4つのパッチエリアPA全体も、水平偏波方向と垂直偏波方向で対称性を有している。
図13に示す電波反射板REでは、接続電極HE01は、辺E2の中央には配置されていない。接続電極HE01は、点P1及び点P2から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P1よりは点P2に近い位置に配置されている。
接続電極HE12は、辺E4の中央には配置されていない。接続電極HE12は、点P3及び点P4から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P4よりは点P3に近い位置に配置されている。
接続電極HE01及びHE12は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極HE01及びHE12は、仮想線Lhと重畳せず、ずれた位置に配置される。
本構成例についても、実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
図14は、実施形態における電波反射板の他の構成例を示す平面図である。図14に示した構成例では、図9に示した構成例と比較して、接続電極VE及び接続電極HEの一方が辺の中央からずれた位置に配置されているという点で異なっている。
図14に示す電波反射板REでは、接続電極VEの位置は、図9と同様である。すなわち、接続電極VE01及びVE12は、第2方向Yに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線であって、仮想線Lvと重畳する。
接続電極HE12は、辺E4の中央には配置されていない。接続電極HE12は、仮想線Lhとは重畳せず、ずれた位置に配置されている。接続電極HE12は、点P3及び点P4から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P4よりは点P3に近い位置に配置されている。
すなわち、接続電極HE01及びHE12は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線であって、仮想線Lhとずれた位置に配置される。
図15に示す電波反射板REでは、接続電極HEの位置は、図9と同様である。すなわち、接続電極HE01及びHE12は、第1方向Xに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線であって、仮想線Lhと重畳する。
接続電極VE12は、辺E3の中央には配置されていない。接続電極VE12は、仮想線Lvとは重畳せず、ずれた位置に配置されている。接続電極VE12は、点P2及び点P3から等距離の位置に配置されておらず、点P2よりは点P3に近い位置に配置されている。
すなわち、接続電極VE01及びVE12は、第2方向Yに平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線であって、仮想線Lvとずれた位置に配置される。
図6に示すように、電波反射板REをアクティブマトリクス駆動する場合は、接続電極HEは走査線GL、接続電極VEは信号線SLであってもよい。
本構成例についても、実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
図16は、実施形態における電波反射板の他の構成例を示す平面図である。図16に示した構成例では、図9に示した構成例と比較して、隣り合うパッチ電極PEを接続する電極が斜め方向に延伸しているという点で異なっている。
図16に示す例において、X-Y平面において、第1方向Xから時計回りに45°傾く方向を、方向D1とする。X-Y平面において、方向D1から時計回りに180°傾く方向を、方向D2とする。方向D1及び方向D2は、互いに平行な方向であり、一方は他方の逆方向である。
方向D1と直交する方向をD3とし、方向D3と時計回りに180°傾く方向をD4とする。方向D3及び方向D4は、互いに平行な方向であり、一方は他方の逆方向である。方向D1及びD3は、90°で交差している。
パッチ電極PEの対角線のうち、方向D1(方向D2)と平行である対角線Gmaを含む仮想線をGm、方向D3(方向D4)と平行である対角線Ghaを含む仮想線Ghとする。接続電極LE01及び接続電極LE12は、仮想線Ghと重畳している。
接続電極LE12及び接続電極ME12は、一体形成され、接続電極KE12を構成する。
パッチエリアPA13は、パッチエリアPA11と同様の構成を有している。図示しないが、パッチエリアPA13と第2方向Yで隣り合うパッチエリアPA14は、パッチエリアPA12と同様の構成を有している。本構成例の電波反射板REでは、第1行及び第2行が交互に配置されている。
図16に示す構成例においては、1つのパッチエリアPAに含まれる上記電極形状も、上記4つのパッチエリアPA全体も、水平偏波方向と垂直偏波方向で対称性を有している。よって電波反射板REの反射特性を向上させることが可能である。
接続電極が延伸する点と反対側の点からは、ダミー電極が延伸する。当該ダミー電極は、接続電極に対して、線対称に配置されている。ダミー電極は、上述の通り、パッチ電極PEと接続せず、フローティング状態であってもよい。
接続電極LE01は、点P1から、方向D2に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE12は、点P3から、方向D1に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE01及び接続電極LE12は、方向D1と平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極LE01及び接続電極LE12は、仮想線Ghと重畳している。
接続電極ME12は、辺E1及び辺E4の交点である点P4から、方向D3に沿って延伸している。接続電極ME23は、辺E2及び辺E3の交点である点P2から、方向D4に沿って延伸している。接続電極ME12及び接続電極ME23は、方向D3と平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極ME12及び接続電極ME23は、仮想線Gmと重畳している。
パッチエリアPA12のダミー電極DL12は、パッチエリアPA11のダミー電極DR12と一体形成されていてもよいし、別々に離間して形成されていてもよい。一体形成されていた場合には、ダミー電極DL12及びダミー電極DR12は、ダミー電極DK12を構成する。
接続電極LE23は、点P1から、方向D2に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE34は、点P3から、方向D1に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE23及び接続電極LE34は、方向D1と平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極LE23及び接続電極LE34は、仮想線Ghと重畳している。
パッチエリアPA13のダミー電極DR23は、パッチエリアPA12のダミー電極DL23と一体形成されていてもよいし、別々に離間して形成されていてもよい。一体形成されていた場合には、ダミー電極DR23及びダミー電極DL23は、ダミー電極DQ23を構成する。
接続電極LE01は、点P1から、方向D2に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE12は、点P3から、方向D1に沿って延伸している。接続電極LE01及び接続電極LE12は、方向D1と平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極LE01及び接続電極LE12は、仮想線Ghと重畳している。
4つのパッチエリアPA(PA11、PA12、PA21、及びPA22)についても、当該4つのパッチエリアPA全体の交点Tを回転中心とする回転対称性を有している。
本構成例においても、実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
図18は、実施形態における電波反射板の他の構成例を示す平面図である。図17に示した構成例では、図9に示した構成例と比較して、パッチ電極が斜め方向に沿って配列されているという点で異なっている。
図18は、本構成例の電波反射板REを示す平面図である。電波反射板REには、複数の正方形のパッチ電極PEが、上述した方向D1及び方向D3に沿ってマトリクス状に配置されている。パッチ電極PEの対角線のうち、第1方向Xと平行な対角線Gxaを含む仮想線をGxとし、第2方向Yと平行な対角線Gyaを含む仮想線をGyとする。
パッチエリアPA11及びPA12は、第2方向Yに沿って、隣り合って配置される。パッチエリアPA21及びPA22は、第2方向Yに沿って、隣り合って配置される。パッチエリアPA31及びPA32は、第2方向Yに沿って、隣り合って配置される。
パッチエリアPA11及びPA21は、方向D3(又は方向D4)に沿って、隣り合って配置されている。パッチエリアPA12,PA22、及びPA31は、方向D3(又は方向D4)に沿って、隣り合って配置されている。
接続電極VE12aは、点P4から第2方向Yと平行な方向に沿って延伸している。接続電極VE23aは、点P2から第2方向Yに沿って延伸している。接続電極VE12a及び接続電極VE23aは、第2方向Yと平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極VE12a及び接続電極VE23aは、仮想線Gyと重畳している。
接続電極VE01bは、点P4から第2方向Yと平行な方向に沿って延伸している。接続電極VE12bは、点P2から第2方向Yに沿って延伸しており、パッチ電極PE22と接続されている。接続電極VE01b及び接続電極VE12bは、第2方向Yと平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極VE01b及び接続電極VE12bは、仮想線Gyと重畳している。
接続電極VE12bは、点P4から第2方向Yと平行な方向に沿って延伸しており、パッチ電極PE21と接続されている。接続電極VE23bは、点P2から第2方向Yに沿って延伸している。接続電極VE12b及び接続電極VE23bは、第2方向Yと平行な方向に延伸する、一直線の電極又は配線である。接続電極VE12b及び接続電極VE23bは、仮想線Gyと重畳している。
接続電極VE01aは、点P4から第2方向Yと平行な方向に沿って延伸している。接続電極VE12aは、点P2から第2方向Yに沿って延伸しており、パッチエリアPA32のパッチ電極PE32と接続されている。
接続電極VE12aは、点P4から第2方向Yと平行な方向に沿って延伸しており、パッチエリアPA31のパッチ電極PE31と接続されている。接続電極VE23aは、点P2から第2方向Yに沿って延伸している。
図18は、複数のパッチエリアPAの一部を例示するものである。図17に示す電波反射板REでは、6つのパッチエリアPAを示しているが、パッチエリアPAの数はこれに限定されない。
本構成例においても、実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
対角線Gya及びGxaを、それぞれ、第1対角線及び第2対角線と呼ぶ。仮想線Gy及びGxを、それぞれ、第1仮想線及び第2仮想線と呼ぶ。
図19A及び図19Bは、実施形態における電波反射板の他の構成例を示す図である。図19A及び図19Bに示した構成例では、図1に示した構成例と比較して、パッチ電極とダミー電極が絶縁層を介して離間しているという点で異なっている。
図19Aは、図9のパッチエリアPA11を示す平面図である。図19Bは、図19Aの線A1-A2に沿った電波反射板REの断面図である。
接続電極HEがダミー電極である場合は、接続電極HEはフローティング状態であればよい。
図18に示す電波反射板REでは、ダミー電極DHを、図19Bに示す接続電極HEに読み替えて置き換えればよい。
図20に示す電波反射板REでは、ダミー電極である接続電極HE01及びHE12は、一体形成され1つの接続電極HEを構成している。接続電極HEは、隣接して配置されるパッチエリアPAに設けられる別の接続電極HEと接続されていてもよい。
図21に示す電波反射板REでは、基材BA1上に、パッチ電極PEが設けられている。なお基材BA1及びパッチ電極PEとの間に、図示しない絶縁層が設けられていてもよい。パッチ電極PEを覆って、絶縁層INSが設けられている。絶縁層INS上に、接続電極HE01及びHE02が設けられている。
図22Aは、パッチエリアPA11の平面図、図22Bは、図22Aの線B1-B2に沿った電波反射板REの断面図である。図22A及び図22Bに示す電波反射板REでは、基材BA1上に絶縁層INSが設けられている。絶縁層INS上に、パッチ電極PE、ダミー電極である接続電極HE01及びHE12が設けられている。パッチ電極PE及び接続電極HE(HE01及びHE12)は,X-Y平面上で離間して設けられており、接続されていない。接続電極HEは、フローティング状態である。
本構成例においても、実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
Claims (17)
- 第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、前記第2方向に平行に延伸する第1接続電極及び第3接続電極と、第1方向に平行に延伸する第2接続電極及び第4接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記複数のパッチエリアのそれぞれに含まれる前記パッチ電極と、前記第1接続電極と、前記第2接続電極と、第3接続電極と、第4接続電極とがなす電極形状は、前記複数のパッチエリアそれぞれの内部の一点を回転中心とする、回転対称性を有し、
前記複数のパッチエリアのうち、第1パッチエリアと、第1パッチエリアと第2方向で隣り合う第2パッチエリア、第1パッチエリアと第1方向で隣り合う第3パッチエリア、第2パッチエリアと第1方向で隣り合い、第3パッチエリアと第2方向で隣り合う第4パッチエリアは、前記第1パッチエリア、前記第2パッチエリア、前記第3パッチエリア、及び前記第4パッチエリア全体の交点を回転中心とする、電波反射板。 - 前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極、又は、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、フローティング状態である、請求項1に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極それぞれの前記第2方向での長さは、前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極それぞれの前記第1方向での長さより長い、請求項1に記載の電波反射板。
- 第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、第2方向に平行な方向に延伸する第1接続電極及び第3接続電極と、第1方向に平行な方向に延伸する第2接続電極及び第4接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、
前記パッチ電極の中心点を通り、前記第2方向に沿って延伸する第1仮想線とし、前記中心点を通り、前記第1方向に沿って延伸する第2仮想線とし、
少なくとも、前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極が前記第1仮想線と重畳しない、又は、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極が前記第2仮想線と重畳しない、のうちの一方を満たす、電波反射板。 - 前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極、又は、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極は、フローティング状態である、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極が前記第1仮想線と重畳しない、及び、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極が前記第2仮想線と重畳しない、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記パッチ電極は、前記第1方向に平行な方向に延伸する第1辺及び第3辺と、前記第2方向に平行な方向に延伸する第2辺及び第4辺と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極は、前記第1辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第2接続電極は、前記第2辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第3接続電極は、前記第3辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第4接続電極は、前記第4辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸する、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。 - 前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極が前記第1仮想線と重畳し、及び、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極が前記第2仮想線と重畳しない、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記パッチ電極は、前記第1方向に平行な方向に延伸する第1辺及び第3辺と、前記第2方向に平行な方向に延伸する第2辺及び第4辺と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極は、前記第1辺の中央から延伸し、
前記第2接続電極は、前記第2辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第3接続電極は、前記第3辺の中央から延伸し、
前記第4接続電極は、前記第4辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸する、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。 - 前記第1接続電極及び前記第3接続電極が前記第1仮想線と重畳せず、及び、前記第2接続電極及び前記第4接続電極が前記第2仮想線と重畳する、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記パッチ電極は、前記第1方向に平行な方向に延伸する第1辺及び第3辺と、前記第2方向に平行な方向に延伸する第2辺及び第4辺と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極は、前記第1辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第2接続電極は、前記第2辺の中央から延伸し、
前記第3接続電極は、前記第3辺の中央からずれた位置から延伸し、
前記第4接続電極は、前記第4辺の中央から延伸する、請求項4に記載の電波反射板。 - 第1基材と、第1方向及び第2方向それぞれに沿って、等間隔にマトリクス状に配置される複数の正方形のパッチ電極を含む複数のパッチエリアと、を有する第1基板と、
第2基材と、前記複数のパッチ電極に対向する共通電極と、を有する第2基板と、
前記第1基板及び前記第2基板との間に挟持される液晶層と、
を備える電波反射板であり、
前記複数のパッチエリアは、それぞれ、前記パッチ電極と、前記パッチ電極の頂点から延伸する第1接続電極及び第2接続電極と、を有し、
前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、一直線状に配置され、互いに逆方向に延伸し、前記パッチ電極の対角線の1つを含む仮想線に重畳する、電波反射板。 - 前記複数のパッチエリアは、第1パッチエリアと、前記第1パッチエリアと前記第2方向で隣り合う第2パッチエリアと、を有し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、前記パッチ電極の第1対角線を含む第1仮想線に重畳し、
前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、前記パッチ電極の第2対角線を含む第2仮想線に重畳し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第2接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極、又は、前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極は、一体形成される、請求項12に記載の電波反射板。 - 前記複数のパッチエリアは、第1パッチエリアと、前記第1パッチエリアと前記第2方向で隣り合う第2パッチエリアと、を有し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、前記第1方向と45°を成す第3方向に平行な方向に延伸し、
前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、前記第3方向と直交する第4方向に延伸し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第2接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極、又は、前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極は、一体形成される、請求項12に記載の電波反射板。 - 前記パッチ電極の対角線の別の1つを含む仮想線に重畳する、第1ダミー電極及び第2ダミー電極と、をさらに備える、請求項12に記載の電波反射板。
- 前記第1パッチエリア及び前記第2パッチエリアは、それぞれ、第1ダミー電極及び第2ダミー電極を有し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極及び前記第2ダミー電極は、前記第2仮想線に重畳し、
前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極及び前記第2ダミー電極は、前記第1仮想線に重畳し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第2ダミー電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極、又は、前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極は、一体形成される、請求項13に記載の電波反射板。 - 前記複数のパッチエリアは、第1パッチエリアと、前記第1パッチエリアと前記第1方向と45°を成す第3方向に平行な方向で隣り合う第2パッチエリアと、前記第1パッチエリアと前記第3方向と直交する第4方向に平行な方向で隣り合う第3パッチエリアと、を有し、
前記第1パッチエリア及び前記第2パッチエリアそれぞれの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2接続電極は、前記パッチ電極の第1対角線を含む第1仮想線に重畳し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第2接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極、又は、前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1接続電極は、一体形成され、
前記第1パッチエリア及び前記第3パッチエリアは、それぞれ、第1ダミー電極及び第2ダミー電極を有し、
前記第1パッチエリア及び前記第3パッチエリアそれぞれの前記第1ダミー電極及び前記第2ダミー電極は、前記パッチ電極の第2対角線を含む第2仮想線に重畳し、
前記第1パッチエリアの前記第2ダミー電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極、又は、前記第1パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極及び前記第2パッチエリアの前記第1ダミー電極は、一体形成される、請求項12に記載の電波反射板。
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WO2015095217A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | Elwha Llc | System wirelessly transferring power to a target device over a tested transmission pathway |
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