WO2022210063A1 - 車両用通信システム、中継サーバ、車両用通信機 - Google Patents
車両用通信システム、中継サーバ、車両用通信機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022210063A1 WO2022210063A1 PCT/JP2022/012928 JP2022012928W WO2022210063A1 WO 2022210063 A1 WO2022210063 A1 WO 2022210063A1 JP 2022012928 W JP2022012928 W JP 2022012928W WO 2022210063 A1 WO2022210063 A1 WO 2022210063A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
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- H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
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- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
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- H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
- H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to technology for relaying data communication between a communication device used in a vehicle and a server.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration for uploading communication data obtained from another vehicle through inter-vehicle communication to a predetermined server on behalf of the other vehicle based on a request from the other vehicle.
- proxy communication can be understood as the act of relaying communication between another vehicle and a server.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration that manages the amount of communication for each user device by observing the amount of packets in the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer. Specifically, the communication volume is managed based on the sum of the data volume of PDCP-SDU (Service Data Unit) for which delivery confirmation to the user device has been obtained and the sum of the data volume of PDCP-SDU received from the user device ( A configuration for measuring) is disclosed.
- PDCP-SDU Service Data Unit
- a configuration for measuring is disclosed.
- the description content of each prior art document can be used by reference as description of the technical element in this disclosure.
- the communication volume of the first vehicle increases by the amount of the communication of the second vehicle.
- the traffic of the second vehicle can be reduced by the amount that the first vehicle takes over. In other words, when proxy communication is introduced, the actual amount of communication for each vehicle becomes unclear.
- the present disclosure has been made based on the above considerations or points of focus, and one of the purposes thereof is to provide a communication system for vehicles, a relay server, and a relay server capable of reducing the risk of unclear communication traffic for each vehicle.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle communication device.
- the vehicle communication system disclosed herein includes a plurality of communication devices used in different vehicles, each of which is configured to enable cellular communication, which is wireless communication via a cellular base station, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication. a relay server that relays data communication between the device and the application server and manages the amount of data communication for each communication device, Each of the plurality of communication devices has a proxy processing unit that relays data communication between the other device and the application server as proxy communication based on a request from the other device, which is another communication device.
- a port for proxy communication which is not used by the other machine or the machine itself as a request source of proxy communication, during normal communication that is not proxy communication; and notifying the relay server of the port number for the relay server, and the relay server determines the amount of data communication for proxy communication based on the port number used for communication. It is configured to be managed separately from
- the port used for communication differs between proxy communication and normal communication. Therefore, the relay server can manage the substantial amount of communication for each communication device based on the port number.
- normal communication refers to communication that is not proxy communication, that is, communication for one's own device rather than for another device.
- a relay server disclosed herein relays data communication between a communication device used in a vehicle and an application server, and manages the amount of data communication for each communication device.
- proxying data communication between another device and the application server obtain the port number for proxy communication from the communication device, and based on the port number used for data communication, The amount of data for proxy communication is managed separately from the amount of data communication that is not for proxy communication.
- a vehicle communication device disclosed herein is a vehicle communication device configured to be capable of performing cellular communication, which is wireless communication via a cellular base station, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
- Communication with an external device is configured to be performed via a predetermined relay server having a function of managing the communication volume of the vehicle communication device.
- a proxy processing unit is provided for relaying data communication between another device and an external device by using both vehicle-to-vehicle communication and cellular communication as proxy communication.
- the above vehicle communication device uses different port numbers for normal communication and proxy communication, and notifies the relay server of the port number used for proxy communication. According to this configuration, the relay server can distinguish between normal communication traffic and proxy communication traffic based on the difference in port numbers.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a relay server;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an in-vehicle communication device;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining functions of an in-vehicle communication device;
- FIG. 11 is a sequence diagram for explaining a communication procedure when proxy communication is not used;
- FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram for explaining a communication procedure when proxy communication is used;
- FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram for explaining a procedure for starting proxy communication; It is a figure which shows an example of the management aspect of data amount. It is a figure which shows an example of the management aspect of data amount.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle communication system 100 according to the present disclosure.
- the communication system 100 for vehicles provides radio
- the vehicle communication system 100 may provide wireless communication conforming to the 3G standard, the 4G standard, the 5G standard, or the like.
- LTE, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. are collectively referred to as LTE.
- the following embodiments can be implemented with appropriate modifications so as to comply with 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. defined by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project).
- the vehicle communication system 100 includes an in-vehicle communication device 1 , a cellular base station 2 , a core network 3 , an application server 4 and a relay server 5 .
- the vehicle communication system 100 can include a Wi-Fi base station 6 that provides a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) conforming to the Wi-Fi (registered trademark) standard as an arbitrary element.
- Wi-Fi Local Area Network
- FIG. 1 only one cellular base station 2 and one Wi-Fi base station 6 are shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of these may exist.
- the first vehicle V1 and the second vehicle V2 are vehicles equipped with the in-vehicle communication device 1 described below.
- FIG. 1 shows only two vehicles Vc, ie, a first vehicle V1 and a second vehicle V2, in which the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 is mounted, there may be three or more vehicles in the system as a whole.
- the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 mounted on the first vehicle V1 is also referred to as the first communication device 1A.
- the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 mounted on the second vehicle V2 is also referred to as a second communication device 1B.
- the first communication device 1A and the second communication device 1B basically have the same configuration, but do not necessarily have completely the same specifications. Even if the first communication device 1A and the second communication device 1B have different software versions, OS, number of antennas, contracted communication carriers, number of available communication lines, communication fee plans, etc. good.
- Each in-vehicle communication device 1 performs data communication with the application server 4 corresponding to any application 81 used in the vehicle Vc, as described below.
- the application server 4 corresponds to an external device.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 corresponds to a vehicle communication device. "Appli” is an abbreviation for application.
- Each in-vehicle communication device 1 is configured to be able to perform cellular communication, which is wireless communication using a cellular line, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and Wi-Fi communication.
- the cellular line here refers to a communication line via the cellular base station 2, in other words, a communication line complying with standards such as LTE.
- inter-vehicle communication refers to direct communication between vehicles.
- DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications
- WAVE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment
- Vehicle-to-vehicle communication may conform to the STD-T75 standard of ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses).
- Vehicle-to-vehicle communication may include cellular V2X that conforms to standards such as LTE.
- Wi-Fi communication refers to data communication via the Wi-Fi base station 6 .
- Wi-Fi communication can be performed when the vehicle Vc exists within the communication area of the Wi-Fi base station 6 .
- APN Access Point Names
- An APN is, in one aspect, an identifier for a communication service.
- An APN is associated with a communication service provider (so-called carrier) that provides communication services.
- the first communication device is configured to be able to use one APN
- the second communication device 1B is configured to be able to use two APNs in parallel.
- the APN usable by the first communication device 1A may be the same as either one of the two APNs usable by the second communication device 1B. If the APN is different, even if the application server 4 serving as a communication partner is the same, the route through which data flows to the application server 4 is substantially or virtually different.
- Each of the multiple cellular lines implements a different communication path.
- the cellular base station 2 is a facility that transmits and receives radio signals that conform to standards such as LTE with the in-vehicle communication device 1.
- the cellular base station 2 is also called an eNB (evolved NodeB).
- the cellular base station 2 may be a gNB (next generation NodeB) used in 5G.
- a cellular base station 2 is connected to a core network 3 via an access line such as an IP (Internet Protocol) network.
- a cellular base station 2 relays traffic between an in-vehicle communication device 1 and a core network 3 .
- the cellular base station 2 allocates transmission opportunities based on requests from the in-vehicle communication device 1, for example.
- a transmission opportunity consists of frequency bands, times, modulation schemes, etc. that can be used for data transmission.
- the cellular base station 2 transmits various reference signals (RS: Reference Signal) at any time.
- Reference signals include CRS (Cell-specific RS), SRS (Sounding RS), CSI-RS (CSI-Reference Signal), DMRS (DeModulation RS), and the like.
- CRS is a control signal for cell selection.
- SRS, CSI-RS, and DMRS are RSs for estimating the state of an uplink or downlink transmission path. Information indicating the channel state is also called CSI (Channel State Information).
- the various RSs correspond to control signals for the in-vehicle communication device 1 to evaluate the state of the communication line.
- the state of the communication line here means, for example, communication speed, latency, packet loss rate, and the like.
- Transmission of various RSs may be performed periodically, or may be performed in response to occurrence of a predetermined event.
- the transmission of the RS may be triggered by, for example, receiving an inquiry from a user equipment (UE) or exceeding a predetermined threshold for the frequency of occurrence of communication errors.
- UE user equipment
- the core network 3 is a so-called EPC (Evolved Packet Core).
- the core network 3 provides functions such as user authentication, contract analysis, data packet transfer route setting, and QoS (Quality of Service) control.
- the core network 3 may include public telecommunications networks provided by telecommunications operators, such as IP networks or mobile telephone networks.
- the data transfer path in the core network 3 differs for each APN.
- Various facilities that constitute the core network 3 are hereinafter also referred to as network-side devices.
- the aforementioned cellular base station 2 can also be included in the network side equipment.
- the application server 4 is equipment for providing predetermined services (functions) in cooperation with the application 81 used in the vehicle Vc.
- Various application servers 4 shown in FIG. 1 correspond to application servers that perform predetermined processing on data received from applications 81 used in vehicle Vc.
- the application server 4 transmits data according to the provided service to the application 81 and collects data from the application 81 .
- the relay server 5 is a server that relays communication between the vehicle Vc and the application server 4 .
- the relay server 5 integrally controls the communication connection between the vehicle Vc and the application server 4 and monitors the communication state.
- the relay server 5 configures an automotive wireless communication platform (ACP) in cooperation with the in-vehicle communication device 1 .
- ACP is a technique for enabling a secure communication connection between the application server 4 and the application 81 anytime and anywhere. For example, depending on the model, release year (generation), grade, etc. of each vehicle Vc, the combination of the ECU whose power is turned off while the vehicle is parked and the ECU whose power is not turned off may be different. Also, the configuration of the in-vehicle system including the ECU may be different for each vehicle Vc.
- the relay server 5 plays a role of concealing, from the side of the application server 4, the difference in power supply state between ECUs and the difference in system configuration between vehicles. As a result, a situation as if each ECU 8 and the application server 4 are always connected, that is, a pseudo constant connection between the ECU 8 and the application server 4 is realized. In this way, the relay server 5 can be called an ACP server because it is a server that configures the ACP in one aspect.
- the relay server 5 can exchange information with the in-vehicle communication device 1 mounted on the vehicle Vc by wireless communication via the core network 3 .
- the relay server 5 can communicate with the in-vehicle communication device 1 not only by a mobile phone line but also by wireless communication such as Wi-Fi and V2X. Based on a request from the application server 4, the relay server 5 transmits data to the ECU 8 mounted on the specified vehicle Vc, or acquires data from the vehicle.
- the relay server 5 is configured using a communication device 51, a processor 52, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 53, and a storage 54, as shown in FIG.
- the communication device 51 is configured to communicate with the in-vehicle communication device 1 and various application servers 4 .
- the processor 52 is, for example, a calculation core such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the RAM 53 is a rewritable volatile memory.
- Storage 54 is a rewritable non-volatile memory.
- the storage 54 stores a relay server program, which is a program for relaying data communication between the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the application server 4 .
- the relay server program can also be called ACP cloud software.
- the relay server 5 includes, for example, a route management unit G1, a relay processing unit G2, and a traffic management unit G3 as functional modules that are realized when the processor 52 executes the relay server program stored in the storage 54.
- the route management unit G1 is configured to manage communication route information from the in-vehicle communication device 1 to various application servers 4.
- the communication route information here includes so-called 5-tuple such as source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, destination port number, and protocol number.
- a unique number is assigned to each application 81 by the in-vehicle communication device 1 as the source port number.
- a port number can be represented, for example, by a 16-bit number.
- Each source port number is stored in association with an application ID (application identifier) that is identification information for each application 81 . Note that a plurality of source ports may be assigned to one application 81 in some cases.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 may be configured to dynamically set the source port number, for example, within the dynamically available range of 49152 to 65535.
- a source port number can also be referred to as a source port number.
- the route management unit G1 acquires communication route setting information by exchanging control signals with the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the application server 4.
- Relay server 5 as route management unit G ⁇ b>1 notifies application server 4 of information necessary for communication between application 81 and application server 4 , such as the source port number assigned to application 81 .
- the route management unit G1 corresponds to the route information acquisition unit.
- the route management unit G1 manages the source port number by linking the application ID, ECU-ID, and communication device ID.
- the application ID is identification information that identifies the application 81 .
- ECU-ID is identification information for identifying the ECU 8 .
- the communication device ID is identification information for identifying the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 (vehicle Vc).
- Information about the application ID, ECU-ID, and communication device ID for each source port held by the relay server 5 is synchronized with the information held by the on-board communication device 1 through communication with the on-board communication device 1 .
- the relay processing unit G2 Based on the communication route information acquired by the route management unit G1, the relay processing unit G2 transfers the data transmitted from the in-vehicle communication device 1 to the application server 4 determined according to the destination information described in the header or the like. do. Also, the relay processing unit G2 transfers data transmitted from the application server 4 to the in-vehicle communication device 1 .
- the communication volume management unit G3 is configured to manage the data communication volume for each in-vehicle communication device 1. For example, the communication volume management unit G3 manages the communication volume for each in-vehicle communication device 1 using IP addresses. Specifically, the communication volume management unit G3 manages the communication volume of each in-vehicle communication device 1 by using the source IP address indicated in the IP header for uplink communication and the destination IP address for downlink communication. The IP header corresponds to a data field into which the source IP address and destination IP address are inserted. Further, regarding the same in-vehicle communication device 1, the communication volume for each application 81 is managed using the correspondence between the source port number and the application ID.
- the total amount of data communication via a certain source port is part or all of the communication amount of the application 81 associated with the source port. show. Further, according to the configuration in which the communication amount of the application 81 is managed separately for each communication line, the communication amount of each application 81 can also be calculated as described later.
- the communication traffic management unit G3 may be configured to manage the communication traffic for each user device by observing the packet traffic on the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer. That is, the communication volume management unit G3 acquires the data volume of PDCP-SDU whose delivery confirmation to the user device has been confirmed and the data volume of PDCP-SDU received from the user device from the network side device related to PDCP. You can manage traffic.
- SDU is an abbreviation for Service Data Unit.
- the relay server 5 may be configured to execute processing for authenticating the application server 4 and the vehicle Vc.
- Each application server 4 may have part or all of the functions provided by the relay server 5 .
- some or all of the functions provided by the relay server 5 may be provided by the network-side device. From one point of view, the relay server 5 can be understood as a type of network side device. The functional arrangement can be changed as appropriate.
- the Wi-Fi base station 6 is communication equipment for forming a Wi-Fi compliant wireless LAN.
- various standards such as IEEE802.11n, IEEE802.11ac, and IEEE802.11ax (so-called Wi-Fi6) can be adopted.
- Wi-Fi base stations 6 are placed at arbitrary locations by various service providers as infrastructure equipment. Note that Wi-Fi in the present disclosure refers to Wi-Fi that can be used by the in-vehicle communication device 1, such as free Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi for which a user or vehicle manufacturer has concluded a usage contract.
- the application server 4A is, for example, an application server 4 that distributes dynamic or semi-dynamic traffic information (hereinafter referred to as control support information) that serves as a reference for controlling the vehicle Vc.
- the control support information is, for example, information indicating the current position, moving speed, traveling direction, etc. of other moving bodies existing around the vehicle.
- the control support information is information about semi-dynamic map elements that indicate the position and type of obstacles on the road, such as sections where traffic is restricted, the end of traffic jams, and the position of fallen objects on the road.
- the control support information may be information indicating the position and lighting state of a traffic signal existing in front of the vehicle Vc, or information indicating a running track according to the direction of travel in an intersection.
- Such an application server 4A corresponds to the application server 4 that supports advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) applications.
- ADAS advanced driver-assistance systems
- the application server 4B is a server that generates and updates map data based on probe data uploaded from the vehicle Vc.
- the application server 4B may be a server that distributes static map data stored in a predetermined database based on a request from the vehicle Vc.
- the map data distributed by the application server 4B may be high-precision map data or navigation map data.
- the high-precision map data corresponds to map data that indicates the road structure, the position coordinates of features arranged along the road, and the like with accuracy that can be used for automatic driving.
- the navigation map data is map data for navigation and corresponds to map data with relatively lower accuracy than high-precision map data.
- Such an application server 4B corresponds to the application server 4 corresponding to a map-based application that handles map data.
- the map-based application can include a navigation application that provides route guidance using map data.
- the application server 4C is an application server 4 that transmits music data stored in the cloud, for example, to the vehicle Vc. Such an application server 4C corresponds to the application server 4 corresponding to a music application that reproduces music in the vehicle Vc.
- the vehicle communication system 100 may include, as the application server 4, a remote control server that remotely controls the vehicle Vc.
- the remote control server displays vehicle information such as an on-vehicle camera image, vehicle speed, and current position transmitted from the vehicle Vc on a predetermined display, and transmits operation signals performed by the operator to the input device to the vehicle Vc.
- the operator here refers to a person who has the authority to control the vehicle by remote control from the outside of the vehicle Vc.
- the vehicle Vc may be equipped with various applications 81 such as a video application, an emergency call application, a remote control application, a voice recognition application, a probe application, and a software update application.
- the movie application is an application 81 for streaming playback of movies stored on the cloud.
- the emergency call application is an application 81 for contacting a predetermined center triggered by an accident or an abnormality of a passenger, and the remote control application is an application 81 for remotely controlling the vehicle Vc.
- the voice recognition application is an application 81 that recognizes the user's utterance content acquired by an in-vehicle microphone
- the probe application is an application 81 that uploads probe data such as road shape recognized by an in-vehicle camera to a server.
- the software update application is an application 81 that updates the software of any ECU 8 based on data acquired from the application server 4 .
- one ECU 8 corresponds to one application 81, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- One ECU 8 may have a plurality of applications 81 .
- a plurality of ECUs 8 may be configured to cooperate to execute one application 81 .
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is a device that provides the wireless communication function described above, and corresponds to a UE for the core network 3 .
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is used in connection with an ECU 8 mounted in the vehicle as shown in FIG.
- the vehicle Vc becomes a connected car that can be connected to the Internet by installing the in-vehicle communication device 1 .
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 can also be called a DCM (Data Communication Module) or a TCU (Telematics Control Unit).
- a communication device ID is assigned to the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 as unique identification information.
- a communication device ID can also be called a DCM-ID or a TCU-ID.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is housed in, for example, an instrument panel.
- the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 may be configured to be removable by the user.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 may be a mobile terminal such as a smart phone brought into the vehicle by the user.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 includes at least one subscriber identity module (hereinafter referred to as SIM: Subscriber Identity Module) 15 . Accordingly, the in-vehicle communication device 1 is configured to be able to perform data communication using at least one APN corresponding to the SIM 15 .
- APN corresponding to SIM15 refers to an APN that can be used based on the information of the SIM15.
- the SIM 15 may be capable of using multiple APNs or may be capable of using one APN.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is configured to be capable of Wi-Fi communication, and uses a plurality of cellular lines and Wi-Fi lines according to the communication traffic occurrence situation in each ECU 8 . That is, the in-vehicle communication device 1 selectively uses various communication lines based on the purpose of communication and the communication status.
- the concept of communication lines or communication paths that can be used by the in-vehicle communication device 1 can include not only cellular lines but also Wi-Fi lines.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is configured to be able to communicate with each ECU 8 via an in-vehicle network IvN, which is a communication network built in the vehicle.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the ECU 8 may be configured to communicate directly without going through the in-vehicle network IvN.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 may be configured to be able to communicate with other ECUs via a central ECU, which is an ECU that controls the entire vehicle, or a gateway ECU that separates the inside of the vehicle from the outside and ensures security.
- a central ECU which is an ECU that controls the entire vehicle, or a gateway ECU that separates the inside of the vehicle from the outside and ensures security.
- Various standards such as Controller Area Network (CAN is a registered trademark), Ethernet (registered trademark), and FlexRay (registered trademark) can be adopted as the standard of the in-vehicle network IvN. Details of the in-vehicle communication device 1 will be described separately later.
- Each ECU 8 is configured as a computer including an arithmetic core such as a CPU and a memory such as RAM, and executes a program assigned to each ECU 8 to perform processing according to the program.
- an arithmetic core such as a CPU and a memory such as RAM
- Each ECU 8 is assigned an ECU-ID.
- the ECU 8 has an application 81 and an ACP client 82 .
- the application 81 is implemented by hardware such as a CPU executing predetermined application software.
- the descriptions of "application” and “app” in the present disclosure can be read as a device/computing core that executes the application.
- a calculation core corresponds to a processor such as a CPU.
- the application 81 corresponds to one of the plurality of application servers 4.
- the application 81A provided in the ECU 8A acquires real-time information (that is, control support information) that serves as a reference for creating a control plan from the application server 4A periodically or when a predetermined event occurs.
- the event that requests control support information can be, for example, that the remaining time/distance to an intersection or a merging junction becomes less than a predetermined value.
- the application 81A may be configured to inquire of the application server 4A about control support information corresponding to the current position at regular intervals.
- Such an application 81A corresponds to an example of an ADAS-based application.
- the application 81A corresponds to an example of an application mainly for downstream communication.
- the application 81B provided in the ECU 8B is a probe application.
- the application 81B transmits probe data to the application server 4B periodically or based on a request from the application server 4B.
- the application 81B corresponds to an example of an application mainly for upstream communication.
- Each application 81 is assigned an application ID, which is unique identification information.
- the application ID may be assigned by the designer of the application 81, or may be assigned by a predetermined ECU 8 that comprehensively manages installation of software on the vehicle Vc (substantially, the ECU 8) at the time of installation on the vehicle Vc. can be
- the application ID can be described as App-ID.
- Each application 81 outputs transmission data destined for the application server 4 corresponding to the application 81 to the ACP client 82, and transmits data from the corresponding application server 4 via the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the ACP client 82. get.
- Each application 81 also outputs a communication request to the ACP client 82 when data for transmission to the application server 4 is generated.
- a communication request corresponds to, for example, a predetermined electrical signal, message, or communication frame.
- the communication request includes an application ID.
- the application 81 includes an encryption processing unit that encrypts transmission data and decrypts encrypted data transmitted from the application server 4 .
- the application 81 is configured to enable TLS (Transport Layer Security) encrypted communication.
- TLS Transport Layer Security
- Various methods can be adopted as the cryptographic communication method.
- the application 81 is configured to be able to perform authentication of a communication partner, encryption of communication content, detection of falsification, and the like using an electronic certificate or the like. Note that not only the application 81 but also other devices such as the application server 4, the relay server 5, and the in-vehicle communication device 1 are configured to be capable of TLS communication.
- the ACP client 82 is configured to mediate communication between the application 81 and the in-vehicle communication device 1 .
- the ACP client 82 can also be called an in-vehicle relay module.
- the ACP client 82 can be arranged for each application 81 or each ECU 8 .
- the ACP client 82 is also implemented by hardware such as a CPU executing ACP client software, which is predetermined software.
- the ACP client 82 transmits a communication start request from the application 81 to the in-vehicle communication device 1 and also transmits a response from the in-vehicle communication device 1 to the communication start request to the application 81 .
- the ACP client 82 notifies the in-vehicle communication device 1 of the application ID and ECU-ID periodically or when a predetermined event occurs.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 can specify which application 81 exists in which ECU 8 .
- the various IDs may be notified, for example, at the timing when the traveling power source is turned on or at a predetermined time.
- the power supply for running is, for example, an ignition power supply in an engine vehicle. In an electric vehicle, the system main relay corresponds to a running power supply.
- the ACP client 82 switches the ON/OFF state of the power supply of the ECU 8 based on the instruction signal from the in-vehicle communication device 1 . Further, the ACP client 82 can also control the activation state of the application 81 based on the signal from the in-vehicle communication device 1 . For example, when the ACP client 82 receives a push notification transmitted from the application server 4 via the in-vehicle communication device 1 , it turns on the ECU 8 and activates the corresponding application 81 .
- the ACP client 82 is an optional element and may be omitted. Also, the function of the ACP client 82 may be provided by the application 81 itself. ACP client 82 may be configured as part of application 81 . Additionally, the ACP client 82 may be configured as part of the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 . Also, the encryption communication function provided by the application 81 may be provided by the ACP client 82 . The functional arrangement of each configuration can be changed as appropriate.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which one ECU 8 has one application 81
- the ECU 8 may have a plurality of applications 81 .
- the ACP client 82 of the ECU 8 can manage the application ID and activation state of each application 81 .
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 transmits data to the application server 4A corresponding to the application 81 according to the request of the application 81 installed in the vehicle Vc. It also receives data transmitted from the application server 4 and transfers it to the application 81 . As described above, communication with the application server 4 is performed via the relay server 5 and network devices.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 is mainly composed of a computer including a processing unit 11, a RAM 12, a storage 13, a communication interface 14, a SIM 15, and a bus connecting them.
- the processing unit 11 is hardware for arithmetic processing coupled with the RAM 12 .
- the processing unit 11 is configured to include at least one arithmetic core such as a CPU.
- the processing unit 11 executes various processes by accessing the RAM 12 .
- the storage 13 is configured to include a non-volatile storage medium such as flash memory.
- a communication control program is stored in the storage 13 as a program executed by the processing unit 11 . Execution of the program by the processing unit 11 corresponds to execution of a communication control method, which is a method corresponding to the communication control program.
- information for example, profiles
- APNs that can be used by the in-vehicle communication device 1 is registered.
- the communication interface 14 is a circuit module for communicating with the ECU 8 via the in-vehicle network IvN.
- the communication interface 14 is implemented using an analog circuit element, an IC, a PHY chip conforming to the communication standard of the in-vehicle network IvN, or the like.
- the SIM 15 is an IC module in which information for identifying the subscriber of the line is recorded, and is configured as an IC card, for example.
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- the SIM 15 may be inserted into a card slot (not shown) or may be an eSIM (Embedded SIM).
- eSIM embedded SIM
- the concept of SIM 15 here includes both the removable card type and the embedded type (ie eSIM).
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 may include multiple SIMs and may be configured to be able to use multiple cellular lines in parallel.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 includes, as functional blocks, an in-vehicle communication unit F1, a wireless communication unit F2, and a communication control unit F3, as shown in FIG.
- the wireless communication unit F2 includes a cellular communication unit F21, a Wi-Fi communication unit F22, and an inter-vehicle communication unit F23.
- the communication control unit F3 corresponds to a communication control device.
- the in-vehicle communication unit F1 is configured to receive transmission data output by each ECU 8, output the data to the wireless communication unit F2, and output the data received by the wireless communication unit F2 to the ECU 8 to be transferred.
- the in-vehicle communication unit F1 acquires the original data by separating data multiplexed and input from each ECU 8 by a predetermined method.
- the in-vehicle communication unit F1 includes a buffer, which is a storage area that temporarily holds data input from each ECU 8 until it is wirelessly transmitted.
- the buffer may be implemented using a rewritable storage medium such as RAM.
- the in-vehicle communication unit F1 also has a function of monitoring the amount of data retained in the buffer and the information stored in the headers of those data.
- the buffer may be provided in the communication control unit F3.
- the data stored in the buffer are sequentially retrieved by the wireless communication unit F2 and transmitted to the destination application server 4 through a communication path corresponding to the data input source (that is, the ECU 8).
- the allocation state of the communication paths for each ECU 8 is controlled by the communication control section F3.
- the cellular communication unit F21 is a communication module that takes charge of the data link layer and physical layer in a wireless communication protocol such as LTE.
- the cellular communication unit F21 includes an antenna capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves in the frequency band used in LTE.
- the cellular communication unit F21 includes a transceiver that performs signal processing equivalent to conversion from a baseband signal to a high-frequency signal and its inverse conversion in accordance with the LTE communication standard, and conversion between an IP packet and a physical channel signal. and a packet processing unit that performs A plurality of antennas may be provided for reception diversity or the like.
- the cellular communication unit F21 processes the IP packets input from the in-vehicle communication unit F1 in the PDCP/RLC/MAC data link sublayers. Also, by performing processing such as encoding, modulation, and digital-to-analog conversion, a carrier wave signal corresponding to the input data is generated. Then, the generated carrier wave signal is output to an antenna to be radiated as radio waves.
- MAC stands for Media Access Control.
- the cellular communication unit F21 performs predetermined processing such as analog-to-digital conversion processing and demodulation processing on the received signal received by the antenna, thereby converting it into an information series (i.e., digital data) represented by digital values. do. Then, it outputs data corresponding to the received signal to the in-vehicle communication unit F1.
- the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 is a communication module for connecting to the Internet via the Wi-Fi base station 6 and communicating with the application server 4.
- the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 is configured using an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves in the frequency band used in the Wi-Fi standard, such as the 2.4 GHz band and the 5 GHz band, a modulation circuit, a demodulation circuit, and the like.
- the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 emits a radio signal corresponding to the data input from the in-vehicle communication unit F1 or the communication control unit F3. Also, the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 outputs data corresponding to the reception signal received by the antenna to the in-vehicle communication unit F1 or the communication control unit F3.
- the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 recognizes the presence of the Wi-Fi base station 6 by receiving a beacon emitted from the Wi-Fi base station 6.
- the communication connection between the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 and the Wi-Fi base station 6 is controlled by the communication control unit F3.
- the Wi-Fi communication unit F22 does not necessarily have to be built in the in-vehicle communication device 1.
- FIG. The Wi-Fi communication unit F22 may be provided outside the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 in such a manner that the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 can control its operating state.
- the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 is a communication module for performing direct wireless communication (that is, vehicle-to-vehicle communication) with the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 provided in another vehicle using radio waves of a predetermined frequency band.
- the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 includes an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio waves in a frequency band for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, a modulation circuit, a demodulation circuit, and the like.
- the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 modulates the data input from the communication control unit F3, outputs the data to an antenna for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and wirelessly transmits the data. Further, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 demodulates the signal received by the antenna and provides it to the communication control unit F3.
- vehicle-to-vehicle communication is performed using a communication method different from the communication method with the cellular base station 2, such as DSRC (WAVE), but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Vehicle-to-vehicle communication may also be implemented according to standards such as LTE. Accordingly, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 may be integrated with the cellular communication unit F21. Further, vehicle-to-vehicle communication may be implemented according to standards such as Wi-Fi. Accordingly, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23 may be integrated with the Wi-Fi communication unit F22.
- the vehicle-to-vehicle communication in the present disclosure refers to direct communication between the vehicle-mounted communication devices 1, and any communication method can be adopted.
- the communication control unit F3 monitors and controls the communication status of each cellular line.
- Communication control unit F3 executes a procedure for establishing a cellular line in response to occurrence of a predetermined connection event. If a plurality of APNs are configured to be available, a line is established for each APN.
- Procedures for establishing a communication connection include transmission of an attach request, transmission of APN information, and the like.
- the core network 3 prepares a radio bearer and a PDN connection according to the content of the contract based on information such as the APN notified from the in-vehicle communication device 1 .
- Connection events include software update, restarting of the in-vehicle communication device 1 due to a problem, and activation of cellular communication functions, in other words, mobile network connection, by the user or staff at a maintenance shop or the like. mentioned.
- the communication control unit F3 controls the operation of the Wi-Fi communication unit F22.
- the communication control unit F3 starts communication connection with the Wi-Fi base station 6 based on the reception of the beacon by the Wi-Fi communication unit F22. That is, it exchanges control signals with the Wi-Fi base station 6 for obtaining an IP address and setting security (exchange of encryption keys, etc.).
- the communication control unit F3 also controls the operation of the vehicle-to-vehicle communication unit F23.
- the communication control unit F3 includes, as functional units, a route characteristics acquisition unit F31, a capacity evaluation unit F32, a route setting unit F33, a port management unit F34, and a proxy processing unit F35.
- the communication control unit F3 also includes an index holding unit M1 that is implemented using a rewritable storage medium such as the RAM 12, for example.
- the path characteristics acquisition unit F31 is configured to acquire various information indicating the communication characteristics of each communication line. For example, the path characteristic acquisition unit F31 acquires parameters related to the communication speed for each cellular line from the network device. Communication setting parameters for each cellular line include an allocated frequency, packet transfer priority, target delay time, packet loss rate, and the like.
- the target delay time is the maximum communication delay time assumed by the network-side device.
- the target delay time corresponds to the delay characteristic setting value (delayThreshold) set by the network-side device.
- the communication setting parameters acquired by the path characteristic acquisition unit F31 are stored, for example, in the index storage unit M1.
- the route characteristic acquisition unit F31 may sequentially evaluate the round-trip time (RTT) and throughput for each cellular line as state information for each cellular line, and store them in the index holding unit M1.
- the RTT is the time it takes from sending a signal or data to a communication partner to receiving a response, that is, a response delay time. RTT is also referred to as round trip latency.
- Throughput represents the amount of data that can be transmitted and received per unit time through a transmission line. Throughput corresponds to an index indicating communication speed. Note that the throughput may be evaluated separately for uplink communication and downlink communication. Also, regarding RTT, latency, etc., the state of each cellular line may be evaluated using an average value of observed values within the most recent predetermined time period.
- the route characteristic acquisition unit F31 may acquire information indicating the load status, congestion degree, and available capacity of the cellular base station 2 corresponding to the contracted line. Further, the path characteristic acquisition unit F31 may calculate a power headroom (hereinafter referred to as PHR: Power Headroom), which is a surplus of transmission power, for each cellular line. PHR is a parameter representing the difference between the current transmission power setting value and the maximum transmission power in an uplink shared channel (hereinafter referred to as PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Also, the path characteristic acquisition unit F31 may calculate RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and the like. RSRP is an abbreviation for Reference Signal Received Power. RSSI is an abbreviation for Received Signal Strength Indicator.
- RSRQ is an abbreviation for Reference Signal Received Quality.
- RSRP is the average received power of RS per unit resource element.
- RSSI is a value that measures the power of the entire LTE system band in an OFDM symbol that accommodates the RS.
- RSRQ is the ratio of the received power of the cell-specific reference signal to the total power within the received bandwidth. A larger RSRQ indicates better reception quality of the signal from the cellular base station 2 .
- the calculation method of PHR, RSRP, RSSI, and RSRQ itself may be calculated by a method defined by 3GPP.
- the available capacity evaluation unit F32 determines the available capacity of the cellular line that can be used by the own device (own device) based on various indicators that directly or indirectly indicate the communication speed and communication band availability acquired by the route characteristic acquisition unit F31. Evaluate. A larger spare capacity indicates that larger data can be accommodated.
- the available capacity evaluation unit F32 can combine a plurality of indices to calculate the available capacity for each cellular line that can be used by the device itself. The available capacity evaluation unit F32 evaluates the available capacity more as the communication speed is higher, as the delay time is shorter, and as the PHR is larger. The remaining power may be expressed as a score, or may be expressed as a plurality of ranks.
- the remaining capacity may be determined in two stages of presence/absence, or may be expressed in three stages of none/small/medium.
- a state with no spare capacity corresponds to a state in which proxy communication is disabled, which will be described later, and a state with little spare capacity corresponds to a state in which only comparatively small data having a data size equal to or less than a predetermined value can be proxy-communicated.
- the remaining capacity may be determined using only one predetermined item such as PHR.
- the evaluation result of the remaining capacity evaluation unit F32 is referred to, for example, by the route setting unit F33, the proxy processing unit F35, and the like.
- the remaining capacity evaluation part F32 is an arbitrary element.
- the route setting unit F33 is configured to set the communication route used for data communication of each application 81 based on the characteristics of the cellular line. For example, a communication line with low latency is assigned to an application 81 that requires real-time performance, such as an ADAS application. Also, a communication line with a high communication speed and a large available capacity is preferentially assigned to an application 81 such as a map application, which is expected to have a relatively large data size. In an environment where Wi-Fi communication can be used, Wi-Fi communication is preferentially assigned as a communication path to the application 81 that does not require real-time performance.
- Elements constituting a communication path can include, in addition to the type of communication line, the size (width) of the communication band to be allocated, the frequency to be allocated, the type of communication protocol, and the like.
- Communication protocols include TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
- the route setting unit F33 Upon receiving a communication start request from the application 81 or the application server 4, the route setting unit F33 secures a source port for the application, executes routing processing, and establishes a communication route from the application 81 to the application server 4. set. As a result, the source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, destination port number, protocol, etc. are determined. A source port is assigned to each application 81 . In other words, settings are made so that one source port is not shared by a plurality of applications 81 . Note that a plurality of source port numbers may be assigned to one application.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 as the path setting unit F33 sends a communication permission response, which is a message to the effect that communication is permitted, to the ACP client 82 as a response to the communication start request. send back.
- the communication authorization response contains at least the source port number.
- the on-vehicle communication device 1 may include a source IP address, a destination IP address, a destination port number, and a protocol in the communication permission response.
- the communication control unit F3 uses tokens in addition to the source port numbers to control the right of communication for each application 81.
- a token corresponds to a control signal indicating whether or not communication is allowed now.
- Each application 81 can communicate with the application server 4 using the notified source port while the token is being input from the in-vehicle communication device 1 . Note that the presence or absence of a token may be dynamically switched while maintaining the source port.
- the application 81 may be configured to determine that once the token is input, the right of communication is held until a signal to withdraw the token is subsequently input.
- the communication control unit F ⁇ b>3 can dynamically control the presence or absence of tokens for individual applications 81 in consideration of the line usage status and communication demands of other applications 81 .
- the port management unit F34 manages the source port number assigned to each application 81. Also, the port management unit F34 manages which ECU 8 has the application 81 based on the notification from each ACP client 82 .
- the port management unit F34 stores the application ID of each application 81 and the ECU-ID of each ECU 8 in the RAM 12 in association with the source port number.
- the port management unit F34 notifies the relay server 5 of the application ID and ECU-ID for each source port number together with the communication device ID associated with the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 . Through such processing, the ID information held by the relay server 5 and the in-vehicle communication device 1 are synchronized.
- the proxy processing unit F35 delegates communication with the application server 4 instead of the own device to another in-vehicle communication device 1 existing in the vicinity of the own device according to the communication environment of the own device (hereinafter referred to as proxy communication ).
- the proxy communication here refers to relaying communication between the application 81 of the other vehicle and the application server 4 .
- the concept of proxy communication is to perform inter-vehicle communication of data downloaded from the application server 4 via cellular communication, and to transfer data obtained from other vehicles via inter-vehicle communication to the designated application server 4 via cellular communication. This includes proxy for downstream communication that is forwarded to the request source in .
- the expression proxy can often be translated into forwarding or relaying.
- Requesting proxy communication corresponds to requesting that the communication between application 81 of own vehicle and application server 4 be relayed to another vehicle.
- Communication between vehicles in other words, communication between the in-vehicle communication devices 1 is performed by vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
- Communication between the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the application server 4 is performed by Wi-Fi line or cellular communication.
- data communication between the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the application server 4 is mediated by the relay server 5 .
- the proxy processing unit F35 periodically shares the communication status for each communication line that can be used by other devices (other devices) and its own device through vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
- the communication status for each communication line is not limited to the communication status for each cellular line, and may include the Wi-Fi communication status.
- the communication state includes, for example, the communication speed up to the relay server 5 .
- the proxy processing unit F35 may share the degree of congestion of each available line, the communication capacity for proxy communication, etc. with other devices as information indicating the communication state.
- the information indicating the communication state can include the available capacity for each cellular line calculated by the available capacity evaluation unit F32.
- the proxy processing unit F35 compares the communication state of its own device with the communication state of the other device, and determines whether to request proxy communication to the other device. For example, when it can be expected that the communication time can be shortened by having another device relay data rather than performing data communication between the device itself and the relay server 5 (and thus the application server 4), the proxy processing unit F35 sends data to the other device. Request proxy communication. More specifically, when the upstream communication speed of the other device is higher than the upstream communication speed of the own device by a predetermined proxy use threshold or more, the proxy processing unit F35 requests proxy communication to the other device.
- the proxy usage threshold used here is a parameter corresponding to, for example, the delay time due to inter-vehicle communication.
- the proxy usage threshold value may be a preset constant value, or may be dynamically changed according to an observed value of latency in inter-vehicle communication.
- the proxy processing unit F35 requests another device to perform proxy communication when it can be expected that the overall communication time can be shortened even through the inter-vehicle communication relay.
- the proxy processing unit F35 when the proxy processing unit F35 receives a request for proxy communication from another device, it secures a communication path for proxy communication based on the request, and relays data transmitted from the request source via inter-vehicle communication. Transfer to server 5. Securing the communication path includes notifying the relay server 5 of the proxy communication source port number, the communication device ID of the proxy communication request source, and the like. Details of the operation of the in-vehicle communication device 1 and the like related to the proxy communication will be described separately later.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram when the first communication device 1A performs data communication using its own cellular line or Wi-Fi communication without using proxy communication.
- FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram when the first communication device 1A performs data communication with the application server 4 using the proxy communication function provided in the second communication device 1B.
- the ECU 8 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be any ECU 8 provided in the first vehicle V1.
- the application server 4 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is the application server 4 corresponding to the application 81 provided in the ECU 8 shown in FIGS.
- the application 81 that is the output source of the communication request is hereinafter also referred to as the target application.
- each vehicle-mounted communication device 1 has established a communication connection with the relay server 5 using a cellular line.
- the relay server 5 and the application server 4 are also in a state of being able to communicate with each other, and perform communication and data communication for communication confirmation at any time.
- the first communication device 1A and the second communication device 1B maintain a positional relationship that enables inter-vehicle communication.
- the first communication device 1A and the second communication device 1B share the state of communication with the relay server 5 from time to time through inter-vehicle communication (S01).
- the application 81 when data for transmission to the application server 4 is generated in the target application 81 provided in the first communication device 1A, the application 81 outputs a communication request to the ACP client 82 corresponding to the application 81 (step S10).
- the ACP client 82 corresponding to a certain application 81 refers to the ACP client 82 included in the ECU 8 that accommodates the application 81, that is, the same ECU 8 is provided.
- a communication request output from the application 81 to the ACP client 82 includes an application ID.
- the communication request may include communication conditions. For example, allowable waiting time, allowable RTT, assumed data size, possibility of data loss, etc. can be adopted as items constituting the communication conditions.
- the allowable waiting time indicates the allowable waiting time until the start of communication.
- Acceptable RTT indicates an acceptable response delay time.
- the assumed data size indicates an assumed size of one data set exchanged between the application 81 and the application server 4 .
- the assumed data size indicates the required communication capacity. Whether data loss is allowed or not indicates whether partial loss of data is allowed or not, in other words, whether or not reliability of communication is emphasized.
- the communication conditions may be fixed for each application 81, or may be variable according to the amount and content of transmission data.
- the ACP client 82 When the ACP client 82 receives a communication request from the application 81, it accepts the request (step S11). Specifically, the application ID and the communication conditions are associated with each other and temporarily stored in a predetermined storage area. The data indicating the acceptance state of the communication request is stored in a RAM or the like provided in the ECU 8, for example. The communication conditions may be acquired in advance by the ACP client 82 communicating with the application 81, or may be received as a communication request as described above. When the processing for accepting the communication request is completed, the ACP client 82 transmits a communication start request including the application ID and communication conditions to the first communication device 1A (step S12).
- the first communication device 1A determines whether it is possible to allocate a communication path that satisfies the communication conditions notified from the ACP client 82 for each communication line. (step S13).
- the communication control unit F3 of the first communication device 1A based on the communication state of the second communication device 1B acquired by the vehicle-to-vehicle communication as well as the communication line that can be used by the device itself, Consider using communications. That is, the proxy processing unit F35 compares the communication state of its own device with the communication state of another device, and determines whether or not to request proxy communication to the other device.
- the own device refers to the first communication device 1A
- the other device refers to the second communication device 1B. If there are a plurality of other devices in the vicinity of the own device, use of alternate communication is considered for each of the other devices.
- the proxy processing unit F35 performs proxy communication when its own device cannot perform communication that satisfies the communication conditions requested by the application 81, but the other device can satisfy the communication conditions requested by the application 81. Decide to adopt.
- the proxy processing unit F35 also decides to use the proxy communication when overall communication efficiency is improved by using the proxy communication rather than communicating with the application server 4 by the device itself.
- a case where proxy communication improves the overall communication efficiency is when the PHR in the cell in which the device is located is equal to or less than a predetermined value, more specifically when the maximum transmission power is reached. In some cases, the PHR of the other device may be equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Similarly, cases such as when packet errors occur in communication with the cellular base station 2 and retransmissions occur frequently can be included in cases where proxy communication improves the overall communication efficiency.
- a proxy request condition which is a condition for using proxy communication, can be set as appropriate.
- proxy communication cannot be used, or if the communication efficiency is higher if the device communicates with the application server 4 without using proxy communication, it is decided not to use proxy communication.
- the case where proxy communication cannot be used is, for example, the case where there is no other device capable of inter-vehicle communication.
- the proxy communication selects a line to be used for communication between the application 81 and the application server 4 from among the communication lines available to the device itself. If there are multiple available lines, the most suitable one for the communication conditions of the application 81 is selected based on the usage status and quality of each communication line. If only one communication line is available, select that line.
- a communication route setting process using the selected communication line is performed (step S14). That is, the route setting unit F33 secures a source port for the target application, executes routing processing, and sets a communication route from the application 81 to the application server 4 . As a result, the source IP address and the like are determined.
- the routing processing includes acquisition of a destination IP address using DNS (Domain Name System), establishment of connection, generation of a routing table, and the like. The routing process itself is performed according to a predetermined signaling procedure.
- the route setting in step S14 includes that the first communication device 1A notifies the relay server 5 of the application ID and communication device ID of the target application in association with the source port number.
- the first communication device 1A may notify the relay server 5 of communication path information other than the source port number.
- the communication route information other than the source port number is, for example, source and destination IP addresses, destination port number, and the like. A part or all of the line type, carrier, APN, etc. used for wireless communication can be included in the route information.
- the first communication device 1A When the setting of the communication path to the application server 4 is completed, the first communication device 1A returns a communication permission response, which is a message to the effect that communication is permitted, to the ACP client 82 as a response to the communication start request (step S15).
- the communication permission response includes routing information such as a source port number and a destination IP address.
- the first communication device 1A may transmit a token indicating the presence or absence of the communication license as a response to the communication start request.
- the ACP client 82 When the ACP client 82 receives the communication permission response from the first communication device 1A, as request management processing, the ACP client 82 associates and stores the application ID assigned to the target application, the route information, and the presence or absence of the token (step S16). Then, the ACP client 82 notifies the application 81 of the source port number and the presence or absence of the token as a report of the response from the first communication device 1A to the communication start request (step S17). The ACP client 82 may notify the application 81 of route information other than the source port number such as the destination IP address from the first communication device 1A.
- the application 81 When the application 81 receives the report indicating that the communication path has been secured from the ACP client 82 in step S16, it starts encrypted communication with the application server 4 using the source port number indicated in the report (step S18). .
- the application 81 and the application server 4 implement TLS encrypted communication.
- the encrypted data generated by the application 81 is wirelessly transmitted from the first communication device 1A, relayed by the network-side device including the cellular base station 2 and the relay server 5, and reaches the application server 4.
- downstream communication can be implemented in the same manner as upstream communication. That is, data for transfer is received from the application server 3 by cellular communication using a proxy communication port, and the received data is transferred to another device as a request source by vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
- the communication control unit F3 determines whether or not there is a communication line that satisfies the communication conditions notified from the ACP client 82 among the communication lines that can be used by the device itself. and quality, etc. That is, the communication control unit F3 may determine whether or not it is possible to allocate a communication path that satisfies the communication conditions notified from the ACP client 82, based on the usage status and quality of each communication line.
- the concept of a communication line that can be used by the device itself can include cellular lines and Wi-Fi that can be used by the device itself, as well as proxy communication.
- step S13 if there is no communication line that satisfies the communication conditions notified from the ACP client 82, the communication control unit F3 may return a non-allocation response to the ACP client 82.
- the allocation impossible response is a message indicating that allocation is impossible.
- a non-allocation response may be a message simply indicating that there is no communication line that satisfies the requested communication conditions.
- the allocatable response may include an estimated waiting time until communication that satisfies the communication conditions can be performed.
- the non-allocation response may contain communication conditions that are feasible in the current situation. For example, the RTT of communication services that can be provided at present, the size of data that can be transmitted, and the like may be notified.
- the relay server 5 uses the source port number notified from the first communication device 1A to manage the amount of communication for each application 81 (step S20). That is, the relay server 5 measures the amount of data exchanged using the source port. The amount of data is managed separately for each line used for communication, as will be described later.
- step S13 If it is determined in step S13 that proxy communication will be used (S131 YES), as shown in FIG. 6, proxy communication setting processing is performed as step S14A.
- the proxy communication setting process will be explained using FIG.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 is executed as S14A.
- the proxy communication setting process includes steps S41 to S48.
- the number of steps included in proxy communication setting processing and the order of processing can be changed as appropriate.
- the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 that requests proxy communication is also referred to as a request source communication device
- the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 that accepts and implements proxy communication is also referred to as a proxy communication device.
- a proxy communicator can also be called a temporary repeater or forwarder.
- the first communication device 1A corresponds to the request source communication device
- the second communication device 1B corresponds to the substitute communication device.
- the first communication device 1A transmits to the second communication device 1B a proxy communication request signal, which is a signal requesting implementation of proxy communication in vehicle-to-vehicle communication (step S41).
- the proxy communication request signal can include information constituting an L2 header (MAC header) such as the MAC address of the transmission source.
- a MAC header corresponds to a data field indicating a source MAC address and a destination MAC address. Note that the source here refers to the first communication device 1A.
- the first communication device 1A as the request source communication device transmits the proxy transmission amount, which is the amount of data to be transmitted by proxy communication, to the second communication device 1B as the request destination. may be notified to The proxy transmission amount may be included in the proxy communication request signal.
- the proxy communication request signal may include information indicating whether the type of communication for which proxy is requested is upstream communication or downstream communication.
- the request source communication device may be configured to transmit a proxy communication request signal including a communication direction flag indicating whether proxy upstream communication or proxy downstream communication is requested.
- the proxy processing unit F35 determines whether or not to accept the proxy communication based on the communication status of its own device (step S42).
- the own device in this step refers to the second communication device 1B.
- the proxy processing unit F35 permits proxy communication, for example, when the communication speed is sufficient for the communication demand (traffic volume) within the device itself, or when the RTT is suppressed to a predetermined value or less.
- the case where the communication speed has a margin includes, for example, the case where the communication speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the proxy processing unit F35 determines whether the notified proxy transmission amount can be transmitted within a predetermined time based on the communication state of the own device. It may be determined whether or not to accept proxy communication based on the determination result. In this case, if it is determined that the amount of data notified by the requester cannot be transmitted within a predetermined time, it decides not to accept proxy communication.
- the proxy acceptance conditions which are the conditions for accepting proxy communication requests from other devices, may be designed as appropriate.
- the proxy processing unit F35 may approve the proxy communication when the available capacity of the communication line calculated by the available capacity evaluation unit F32 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the proxy processing unit F35 may accept the proxy for upstream communication when there is a surplus of transmission power, specifically when the PHR value of the cellular line of its own device is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the proxy processing unit F35 may approve the proxy for downlink communication when the reception quality of the cellular line available to its own device is good, specifically when the RSRQ is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the proxy processing unit F35 accepts the proxy communication when the state of the cellular line or Wi-Fi communication available to its own device satisfies a predetermined proxy acceptance condition.
- conditions for downstream communication and conditions for upstream communication may be set separately.
- the second communication device 1B determines to accept the proxy communication request based on the state of the cellular line or the like available to its own device, the second communication device 1B returns an acceptance response to the first communication device 1A through inter-vehicle communication.
- An acceptance response is a response signal declaring acceptance of proxy communication.
- An acceptance response can be understood as a type of ACK.
- the approval response may contain information for the request source communication device to specify the substitute communication device, such as the MAC address or IP address of the device itself.
- the second communication device 1B may notify the first communication device 1A of its own IP address as the transfer destination IP address.
- the second communication device 1B If the state of the cellular line or Wi-Fi communication that can be used by the second communication device 1B does not satisfy the conditions for acceptance of the proxy, the second communication device 1B sends a refusal response, which is a response signal to the effect that the proxy communication is rejected. may be returned.
- a rejection response can be understood as a type of NACK.
- the first communication device 1A When the first communication device 1A receives an acceptance response to the proxy communication request, it newly prepares a source port for proxy communication (step S44).
- the source port number prepared here is different from the source port used when the first communication device 1A communicates data with the application server 4 using a cellular line or Wi-Fi.
- a source port prepared for proxy communication is also referred to as a proxy communication source port.
- the first communication device 1A notifies the second communication device 1B of the substitute communication source port number and the final destination information through inter-vehicle communication (step S45).
- the final destination information refers to the IP address of the application server 4 with which the target application wishes to communicate.
- the destination information may include the MAC address of the application server 4 as the final destination.
- the proxy communication port may be a port not used by the second communication device 1B.
- the source port number for substitute communication may be a port that is not used by both the first communication device 1A and the second communication device 1B. According to such a port setting mode, it is possible to distinguish between the amount of communication by proxy communication and the amount of communication by non-proxy communication regardless of which layer the communication amount is measured.
- the second communication device 1B uses the source port specified by the first communication device 1A for proxy communication for the relay server 5.
- Request to secure step S46.
- Second communication device 1B also notifies relay server 5 that the port number is a port for communication between first communication device 1A and application server 4 .
- the relay server 5 may be notified of the application ID of the target application, the communication device ID of the first communication device 1A, the ECU-ID containing the target application, and the like.
- the ID and the like of the target application can be obtained from the first communication device 1A.
- the ID of the target application may be included in the proxy communication request, or may be transmitted from the first communication device 1A to the second communication device 1B as a further response to the approval response.
- the second communication device 1B performs routing processing based on the destination IP address notified from the first communication device 1A, and establishes a communication route to the specified application server 4 (step S47).
- the second communication device 1B transmits a route establishment report to the first communication device 1A (step S48).
- the route establishment report corresponds to a radio signal notifying that proxy communication is possible.
- the first communication device 1A Upon receiving the route establishment report from the second communication device 1B, the first communication device 1A transmits an authorization response to the ACP client 82 corresponding to the target application (Fig. 6 S15). Upon receiving the communication permission response from the first communication device 1A, the ACP client 82 performs request management processing (step S16) and notifies the application 81 of the source port number and the presence or absence of a token (step S17).
- L3 here refers to layer 3 (network layer) in the OSI reference model.
- the L3 header for example, refers to the IP header. That is, the application 81 outputs to the first communication device 1A an IP packet in which the IP address of the application server 4 as the destination and the source port number for proxy communication are inserted in the data field as the IP header.
- the first communication device 1A generates a communication frame obtained by adding an L2 header (so-called MAC header) in which the MAC address of the second communication device 1B is set as the destination MAC address to the IP packet input from the application 81 as transfer data. to generate Then, the communication frame is transmitted to the second communication device 1B by inter-vehicle communication.
- L2 here refers to layer 2 (data link layer) in the OSI reference model.
- the second communication device 1B Upon receiving the data from the first communication device 1A, the second communication device 1B performs transfer processing by rewriting the L2 header (MAC header) based on the routing table prepared in advance routing processing. As one aspect, the second communication device 1B does not rewrite the L3 header (IP header) of the data provided from the request source communication device during proxy communication. That is, the second communication device 1B as a substitute communication device performs transfer without rewriting the IP address or port number.
- L2 header MAC header
- IP header L3 header
- the communication packet transmitted by the first communication device 1A is relayed by the second communication device 1B, the network-side device, and the relay server 5, and reaches the application server 4. That is, when proxy communication is used, data from the first communication device 1A does not directly enter the network device, but passes through the second communication device 1B.
- downlink communication can also be performed using the same communication route.
- the source port indicates the port of the vehicle-mounted communication device 1, and in downlink communication, the description of the source port can be replaced with the destination port.
- the relay server 5 counts the communication using the proxy communication port separately from the normal communication traffic as the communication volume of the proxy communication. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the amount of data for communication performed by proxy communication is managed separately from the amount of data for normal communication according to the port number.
- normal communication refers to communication that is not delegated, that is, communication performed by the in-vehicle communication device 1 to which the application 81 belongs using a cellular line or Wi-Fi that can be used by its own device.
- Normal communication for the substitute communication device refers to communication for the vehicle-mounted communication device 1 itself (that is, its own device).
- TCU-ID shown in FIG. 8 means a communication device ID, and as an example, "101" indicates the communication device ID of the first communication device 1A, and "102" indicates the communication device ID of the second communication device 1B.
- the communication volume in the line with the port number set to 49152 represents the communication volume in normal communication
- the communication volume in the line with the port number set to 49154 represents the communication performed by the second communication device 1B. represent quantity.
- the substitute device ID indicates the ID of the in-vehicle communication device 1 that performed the substitute communication.
- the example shown in FIG. 8 shows a case where the second communication device 1B takes over data communication of 1.2 GB for the first communication device 1A.
- the communication volume and port number may be classified and managed according to the type of communication line or the telecommunications carrier that provides the line.
- the source IP address of the communication packet received by the relay server 5 in upstream communication is the same as that in normal communication even if it arrives by proxy communication. Both cases are for the first communication device 1A. Therefore, the relay server 5 cannot identify, from the source IP address information, whether the observed communication packet is a communication packet that arrived by proxy communication or a communication packet that arrived by normal communication.
- relay server 5 can transfer communication packets arriving through proxy communication and normal communication. Communication packets arriving via communication can be distinguished.
- the amount of communication performed by the first communication device 1A is replaced by the second communication device 1B.
- the communication traffic of 1.2 GB can be counted as the communication traffic of the second communication device 1B.
- the configuration for managing the traffic for each UE based on the allocation amount of radio bearers for each UE is a configuration for specifying the actual traffic for the second communication device 1B using control information on the control plane.
- the actual communication volume is the communication volume corresponding to the amount of resources such as radio bearers that are actually used, and includes proxy communication.
- the amount of communication by proxy communication can be distinguished from the amount of normal communication. It becomes possible to avoid being recorded as Alternatively, it is possible to exclude the amount of communication performed by the first communication device 1A on behalf of the actual communication volume of the second communication device 1B.
- the second communication device 1B as a proxy communication device has disclosed a mode in which proxy communication is realized by rewriting the destination of the MAC header without rewriting the contents of the IP header and transferring the data. do not have.
- the second communication device 1B as a substitute communication device is configured to establish a communication path from its own device to a desired application server 4, rewrite the source IP address to its own device IP address, and transfer the transmitted data. It's okay to be there.
- the second communication device 1B sets a source port for proxy communication from unused source ports based on acceptance of the proxy communication request, and notifies the relay server of the source port for proxy communication. do.
- proxy communication data communication between the first communication device 1A and the application server 4 may be relayed using the port for proxy communication.
- the relay server 5 can identify from the port number used for data communication whether it is due to proxy communication or normal communication.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the management result of the traffic when the IP address is rewritten.
- the proxy communication is once counted as the communication traffic of the second communication device 1B, but the source port number is used. can be excluded.
- the request source ID shown in FIG. 9 means the communication device ID of the request source communication device.
- the source port number "49158" is a source port number prepared for proxy communication, and the amount of communication associated with this number indicates the amount of proxy communication of the first communication device 1A.
- the amount of proxy communication can be managed separately from the amount of data of non-agent communication. It becomes possible to finally specify the substantial amount of communication in the communication device 1 .
- proxy communication may be set in advance for each application 81, in other words, for each type of data communication.
- apps with strong entertainment properties such as motion viewing, music playback, and web browsing
- apps with high privacy, and apps with low urgency may be set to disable proxy communication.
- data related to vehicle models and data with a strong public nature may be set to be available for proxy communication.
- Data related to the vehicle model refers to information of the ECU installed, information of the in-vehicle communication device 1, and the like.
- the information of the ECU/in-vehicle communication device 1 refers to part or all of the model number, ID, grade, release year (generation), and the like.
- probe data can include driving trajectories, traffic information, road surface information, and the like.
- Probe data may be observation data about dynamic map elements such as accident or parked vehicles, fallen objects, traffic restrictions, and congestion zones.
- the probe data may be data indicating vehicle behavior, such as wiper operating speed for each point, information on points where lane changes were performed, and information on points where sudden braking was performed.
- Probe data can be broadly understood as data for creating static or dynamic maps.
- the proxy communication for communication with low urgency may cause shortage of radio resources for inter-vehicle communication, It is possible to reduce the possibility that the processing load on the in-vehicle communication device 1 will increase.
- the application/data communication that can use proxy communication and the application/data communication that prohibits use of proxy communication may be set in advance, or the setting can be changed based on an external instruction such as relay server 5 or user operation. may be configured to
- relay server 5 has been disclosed above as a server that relays communication and manages communication traffic, it is not limited to this.
- Relay server 5 itself may also be configured as a type of application server 4 that performs processing corresponding to a predetermined application 81 .
- the function of the relay server 5 may be provided by any one application server 4 as a representative, or may be provided by each application server 4 .
- a plurality of communication devices configured to enable cellular communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication and used in different vehicles, relaying data communication between the communication device and an arbitrary application server, and data communication for each communication device a relay server that manages the amount of When each of the plurality of communication devices receives a proxy communication request from another communication device, it sets a route for proxy communication in cooperation with the relay server.
- a communication system for a vehicle configured to separately manage communication traffic for the communication device itself and communication traffic for proxy communication based on setting information.
- Method (1) A plurality of communication devices (1) configured to enable cellular communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication and used in different vehicles; A communication traffic management method implemented in cooperation with a relay server (5) that manages communication traffic, a communication device relaying data communication between the other communication device and the application server as proxy communication based on a request from the other communication device; When a communication device performs proxy communication, it uses a port for proxy communication that is not used during normal communication other than proxy communication by the other device as a request source of proxy communication or by itself. implementing cellular communication; the communication device notifying the relay server of the port number for proxy communication; A communication volume management method comprising: a relay server managing data volume of proxy communication separately from data communication volume other than proxy communication based on the number of a port used for communication.
- the apparatus, systems, and techniques described in the present disclosure may be implemented by a special purpose computer comprising a processor programmed to perform one or more functions embodied by the computer program. .
- the apparatus and techniques described in this disclosure may also be implemented using dedicated hardware logic. Additionally, the apparatus and techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented by one or more special purpose computers configured in combination with a processor executing a computer program and one or more hardware logic circuits.
- the computer program may also be stored as computer-executable instructions on a computer-readable non-transitional tangible recording medium.
- the means and/or functions provided by the in-vehicle communication device 1 can be provided by software recorded in a physical memory device and a computer that executes the software, only software, only hardware, or a combination thereof.
- the in-vehicle communication device 1 may be implemented using any one of a CPU, an MPU, a GPU, and a DFP (Data Flow Processor) or a combination of these.
- SoC System-on-Chip
- FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- Various programs may be stored in a non-transitory tangible storage medium.
- Various storage media such as HDD (Hard-disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), flash memory, and SD (Secure Digital) card can be used as the program storage medium.
- HDD Hard-disk Drive
- SSD Solid State Drive
- flash memory and SD (Secure Digital) card
- SD Secure Digital
- a communication control method implemented by each device constituting the vehicle communication system 100, a program for causing a computer to function as the vehicle-mounted communication device 1, and a form such as a non-transitional actual recording medium such as a semiconductor memory that records this program. are also within the scope of this disclosure.
- a program for causing a computer to function as the relay server 5, and forms such as a non-transitional substantive recording medium such as a semiconductor memory recording this program are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
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Abstract
Description
複数の通信機のそれぞれは、他の通信機である他機からの依頼に基づき、代行通信として、他機とアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継する代行処理部を備え、代行通信を行う場合には、代行通信のためのポートとして、代行通信の依頼元としての他機または自機が、代行通信ではない通常の通信時には使用していないポートを用いてセルラー通信を実施することと、代行通信のためのポートの番号を中継サーバに通知することと、を実施し、中継サーバは、通信に使用されているポートの番号に基づいて、代行通信のデータ量を代行通信ではないデータ通信の量とは分けて管理するように構成されている。
図1に示すように車両用通信システム100は、車載通信機1、セルラー基地局2、コアネットワーク3、アプリサーバ4、及び中継サーバ5を含む。また、車両用通信システム100は、任意の要素としてWi-Fi(登録商標)規格に準拠した無線LAN(Local Area Network)を提供するWi-Fi基地局6を含みうる。なお、図1にはセルラー基地局2、Wi-Fi基地局6を1つずつしか示していないが、これらは複数存在しうる。
アプリサーバ4Aは、例えば、車両Vcの制御の参考となる動的又は準動的な交通情報(以降、制御支援情報)を配信するアプリサーバ4である。制御支援情報とは、例えば、車両周辺に存在する他の移動体の現在位置や移動速度、進行方向などを示す情報などである。制御支援情報は、例えば通行規制がなされている区間や、渋滞の末尾位置、路上落下物の位置などといった、走行上の障害物の位置や種別を示す準動的な地図要素についての情報であってもよい。制御支援情報は、車両Vcの前方に存在する信号機の位置とその点灯状態を示す情報や、交差点内における進行方向に応じた走行軌道を示す情報であっても良い。このようなアプリサーバ4Aは、先進運転支援(ADAS:Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems)系アプリケーションに対応するアプリサーバ4に相当する。
車載通信機1は、上述した無線通信機能を提供する装置であって、コアネットワーク3にとってのUEに相当する。車載通信機1は、図3に示すように車両に搭載されているECU8と接続されて使用される。車両Vcは車載通信機1の搭載により、インターネットに接続可能なコネクテッドカーとなる。車載通信機1は、DCM(Data Communication Module)やTCU(Telematics Control Unit)などと呼ぶこともできる。車載通信機1には固有の識別情報としての通信機IDが割り当てられている。通信機IDは、DCM-IDや、TCU-IDと呼ぶこともできる。車載通信機1は、例えばインストゥルメントパネル内に収容されている。なお、車載通信機1は、ユーザが取り外し可能に構成されていてもよい。また、車載通信機1は、ユーザによって車室内に持ち込まれた、スマートフォン等の携帯端末であってもよい。
次に、図5及び図6に示すシーケンス図を用いて、第1通信機1Aが備える任意のアプリ81がアプリサーバ4とデータ通信を開始するための処理フローについて説明する。図5は、第1通信機1Aが代行通信を利用せずに、自装置のセルラー回線又はWi-Fi通信を用いてデータ通信を行う場合のシーケンス図である。図6は、第1通信機1Aが第2通信機1Bが備える代行通信機能を利用してアプリサーバ4とのデータ通信を行う場合のシーケンス図である。
上記の構成によれば、代行通信時と通常の通信時とで、通信に使用するポートを異ならせる。そして、ポート番号ごとに区別して通信量を計上することにより、代行された通信の量と、代行されていない通信の量とを区別して管理することができる。その結果、例えば通信量に応じた課金を適正に実施可能となる。
本開示には以下の構成/方法も含まれる。
セルラー通信と車車間通信とを実施可能に構成された、それぞれ異なる車両で使用される複数の通信機と、通信機と任意のアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継するとともに、通信機ごとのデータ通信量を管理する中継サーバと、を含み、
複数の通信機のそれぞれは、他の通信機である他機から代行通信の要求を受けた場合には、中継サーバとの協働により、代行通信用の経路設定を行い、中継サーバは、経路設定情報をもとに、通信機自身のための通信量と、代行通信のための通信量とを分けて管理するように構成されている車両用通信システム。
[方法(1)]
セルラー通信と車車間通信とを実施可能に構成された、それぞれ異なる車両で使用される複数の通信機(1)と、通信機とアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継するとともに、通信機ごとのデータ通信量を管理する中継サーバ(5)と、が協働して実施する通信量管理方法であって、
通信機が、他の通信機である他機からの依頼に基づき、代行通信として、他機とアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継することと、
通信機が、代行通信を行う場合には、代行通信のためのポートとして、代行通信の依頼元としての他機または自機が、代行通信ではない通常の通信時には使用していないポートを用いてセルラー通信を実施することと、
通信機が代行通信のためのポートの番号を中継サーバに通知することと、
中継サーバが、通信に使用されているポートの番号に基づいて、代行通信のデータ量を代行通信ではないデータ通信の量とは分けて管理することと、を含む通信量管理方法。
本開示に記載の装置、システム、並びにそれらの手法は、コンピュータプログラムにより具体化された一つ乃至は複数の機能を実行するようにプログラムされたプロセッサを構成する専用コンピュータにより、実現されてもよい。また、本開示に記載の装置及びその手法は、専用ハードウェア論理回路を用いて実現されてもよい。さらに、本開示に記載の装置及びその手法は、コンピュータプログラムを実行するプロセッサと一つ以上のハードウェア論理回路との組み合わせにより構成された一つ以上の専用コンピュータにより、実現されてもよい。また、コンピュータプログラムは、コンピュータにより実行されるインストラクションとして、コンピュータ読み取り可能な非遷移有形記録媒体に記憶されていてもよい。つまり、例えば車載通信機1等が提供する手段および/または機能は、実体的なメモリ装置に記録されたソフトウェアおよびそれを実行するコンピュータ、ソフトウェアのみ、ハードウェアのみ、あるいはそれらの組み合わせによって提供できる。車載通信機1は、CPU、MPU、GPU、及びDFP(Data Flow Processor)のうちの何れか1つを用いて又は複数を組み合わせて用いて実現されていてもよい。
Claims (11)
- セルラー基地局を介した無線通信であるセルラー通信と車車間通信とを実施可能に構成された、それぞれ異なる車両で使用される複数の通信機(1)と、
前記通信機とアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継するとともに、前記通信機ごとのデータ通信量を管理する中継サーバ(5)と、を含み、
複数の前記通信機のそれぞれは、
他の前記通信機である他機からの依頼に基づき、代行通信として、前記他機と前記アプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継する代行処理部(F35)を備え、
前記代行通信を行う場合には、前記代行通信のためのポートとして、前記代行通信の依頼元としての前記他機または自機が、前記代行通信ではない通常の通信時には使用していないポートを用いて前記セルラー通信を実施することと、
前記代行通信のためのポートの番号を前記中継サーバに通知することと、を実施し、
前記中継サーバは、
通信に使用されているポートの番号に基づいて、前記代行通信のデータ量を前記代行通信ではないデータ通信の量とは分けて管理するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記代行処理部は、前記他機からの依頼に基づき前記代行通信を行う場合には、
前記他機から転送用のデータを前記車車間通信で受信することと、
前記他機から前記車車間通信で受信したデータを、前記代行通信のためのポートを用いた前記セルラー通信により、前記アプリケーションサーバに送信することと、を実施するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記代行処理部は、前記他機からの要求に基づき前記代行通信を行う場合には、
前記アプリケーションサーバから転送用のデータを、前記代行通信のためのポートを用いた前記セルラー通信で受信することと、
前記セルラー通信で前記アプリケーションサーバから受信したデータを、前記車車間通信により、前記依頼元としての前記他機に転送することと、を実施するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記代行処理部は、前記依頼元が未使用のポートを前記代行通信のためのポートとして使用するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記車車間通信でやり取りされるデータは、送信元及び宛先のMACアドレスを示すデータフィールドであるMACヘッダと、送信元及び宛先のIPアドレスを示すデータフィールドであるIPヘッダを含み、
前記代行処理部は、IPヘッダを書き換えずに、MACヘッダの書き換えにより、前記代行通信としての転送処理を実施するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
複数の前記通信機は、前記車車間通信によって、自機が利用可能なセルラー回線での通信状態を互いに共有するように構成されており、
前記代行処理部は、自機が利用可能なセルラー回線の通信状態と、前記他機が利用可能なセルラー回線の通信状態とを比較することで、当該他機に対して前記代行通信を依頼するか否かを決定するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項6に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記通信状態には、通信速度が含まれており、
前記代行処理部は、自機が利用可能なセルラー回線の通信速度よりも、前記他機が利用可能なセルラー回線の通信速度のほうが所定値以上大きい場合に、当該他機に対して前記代行通信を依頼するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記代行処理部は、他機から前記代行通信の依頼を受け付けた場合、自機が利用可能なセルラー回線での通信状態に基づき、前記代行通信を引き受けるか否かを決定し、
その決定結果を前記依頼元に無線送信するように構成されている車両用通信システム。 - 請求項8に記載の車両用通信システムであって、
前記依頼元は、前記代行通信で送信したいデータ量を、依頼先に通知し、
前記代行処理部は、自機が利用可能なセルラー回線の通信状態をもとに、前記依頼元から通知されたデータ量を所定時間以内に送信できるか否かを判断し、
前記依頼元から通知されたデータ量を前記所定時間以内に送信できないと判断した場合には、前記代行通信を引き受けないことを示す回答を前記依頼元に送信する車両用通信システム。 - 車両で使用される通信機とアプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を中継するとともに、前記通信機ごとのデータ通信量を管理する中継サーバであって、
前記通信機が他の前記通信機である他機と前記アプリケーションサーバとのデータ通信を代行する場合には、前記通信機から代行通信のためのポートの番号を取得することと、
データ通信に使用されているポートの番号に基づいて、前記代行通信のデータ量を前記代行通信ではないデータ通信の量とは分けて管理するように構成されている中継サーバ。 - セルラー基地局を介した無線通信であるセルラー通信と車車間通信とを実施可能に構成された車両用通信機であって、
前記車両用通信機と任意の外部装置との通信は、前記車両用通信機の通信量を管理する機能を備えた所定の中継サーバを介して行われるように構成されており、
他の前記車両用通信機である他機からの依頼に基づき、代行通信として、前記車車間通信と前記セルラー通信を併用して、前記他機と前記外部装置とのデータ通信を中継する代行処理部(F35)を備え、
前記代行処理部は、前記代行通信を行う場合には、前記代行通信のためのポートとして、前記代行通信の依頼元としての前記他機または自機が、前記代行通信ではない通常の通信時には使用していないポートを用いて前記外部装置と通信することと、
前記代行通信のためのポートの番号を前記中継サーバに通知することと、を実施するように構成されている車両用通信機。
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