WO2022205433A1

WO2022205433A1 - Battery monitoring apparatus and system

Info

Publication number: WO2022205433A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/085343
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李琳; 刘浩东; 艾伟; 王勇
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-04-02
Filing date: 2021-04-02
Publication date: 2022-10-06
Also published as: CN115500081A

Abstract

A battery monitoring apparatus (10) and system (100). The battery monitoring apparatus (10) comprises a plurality of sensors, a processing unit (41) and a PLC interface (45). The plurality of sensors comprise one or more ultrasonic sensors (11), and the plurality of sensors are used for sensing a plurality of parameters of a cell (30). The processing unit (41) is electrically connected to the plurality of sensors, and is used for receiving the plurality of parameters and determining the state of the cell (30) according to the plurality of parameters. The PLC interface (45) is electrically connected to the processing unit (41) and is electrically connected to a power line of the cell (30), and is used for reporting state information to a controller (20) by means of the power line. By means of the apparatus, on the basis of a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of a signal can be realized, thereby reducing additional transmission lines and being convenient to implement; and a plurality of sensors including an ultrasonic sensor (11) can be integrated into a battery monitoring system to realize real-time monitoring of the state of a cell (30).

Description

Battery monitoring device and system

technical field

The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery monitoring device and system.

Background technique

With the development of lithium-ion battery technology, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in fields such as electric vehicles and electronic products.

The consequences of thermal runaway of the power battery pack of an electric vehicle are very serious, often leading to safety accidents involving car crashes and fatalities. Therefore, the timely warning of thermal runaway of the battery pack is very important. There are some solutions in the prior art that use a large number of sensors to collect battery parameters to predict the battery state, but the implementation methods will affect the high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of the signal, and have no engineering feasibility and high cost, that is, the practicality of the implementation solution. Not strong.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the present application provide a battery monitoring device and system, which can conveniently realize real-time monitoring of the state of the battery cells.

In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a battery monitoring device for monitoring the state of cells in a battery, the battery monitoring device including: a plurality of sensors, the plurality of sensors including one or more ultrasonic sensors, The multiple sensors are used for sensing multiple parameters of the battery cell; the processing unit, which is electrically connected to the multiple sensors, is used to receive the multiple parameters and determine according to the multiple parameters The state information of the battery cell; a PLC interface, the PLC interface is electrically connected to the processing unit and the power line of the battery cell, and is used for reporting the state information to the controller through the power line.

With the embodiments of the present application, high-speed and real-time signal transmission can be realized based on the signal transmission mode of the PLC protocol, additional transmission lines are reduced, and the implementation is convenient, and multiple sensors including ultrasonic sensors can be integrated into the battery monitoring system. , to achieve real-time monitoring of the battery status.

In a possible design, the one or more ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor preset parameters of the battery cells through ultrasonic signals. Based on such a design, the parameters of the battery cells can be collected by ultrasonic sensors, which is beneficial to determine the state of the battery cells.

In a possible design, the one or more ultrasonic sensors are attached to the surface of the battery cell. Based on such a design, the ultrasonic wave can better sense the parameters of the battery cell. In a possible design, the plurality of sensors further include at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor or a gas sensor. Based on such a design, the temperature signal, pressure signal, voltage signal or current signal of the battery cell, or the released gas can be collected to help determine the state of the battery cell.

In a possible design, the state information includes the plurality of parameters or a result of processing the plurality of parameters by the processing unit.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a battery monitoring system for monitoring the state of a battery, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and the battery monitoring system includes a controller and a plurality of the above-mentioned batteries a monitoring device; a plurality of battery monitoring devices are all electrically connected to the controller, and each battery monitoring device in the plurality of battery monitoring devices is electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery cells for monitoring the monitoring of the battery cells The state information is transmitted to the controller; the controller is configured to receive the state information of the plurality of battery cells from the plurality of battery monitoring devices, and report the state information of the plurality of battery cells to the external device.

With such a design, high-speed and real-time transmission of signals can be realized based on the signal transmission method of the PLC protocol, additional transmission lines are reduced, and the implementation is convenient, and multiple sensors including ultrasonic sensors can be integrated into the battery monitoring system. Real-time monitoring of cell status.

In a possible design, the number of the plurality of battery monitoring devices is the same as the number of the plurality of battery cells and is in one-to-one correspondence.

In a possible design, the battery monitoring system further includes a plurality of power lines, and each power line in the plurality of power lines is electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery cells and with the battery The PLC interface in the battery monitoring device corresponding to the cell is electrically connected to transmit the state information of the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery cell.

With such a design, extra wiring inside the battery can be saved, and the signal line layout is simple, does not affect the reliability and stability of the battery, and reduces the cost of the solution.

In a possible design, the plurality of battery monitoring devices are all connected to an external power source, and the external power source supplies power to the plurality of battery monitoring devices. With this design, the battery monitoring device can be powered by an external power source.

In a possible design, any one of a star topology, a ring topology or a linear topology is formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices and the controller.

With such a design, there can be various networking and methods of PLC communication, and multiple battery monitoring devices can share the power line of a battery as a bus to support different series-parallel relationships of battery packs.

The battery monitoring device and system provided by the embodiments of the present application sense the parameters of the battery cells through multiple sensors, determine the status of the battery cells according to the parameters, and report the status information of the battery cells to the controller through the PLC interface. The embodiment of the present application can realize the high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals based on the signal transmission mode of the PLC protocol, reduce the extra transmission lines, and realize convenient implementation, and can integrate multiple sensors including ultrasonic sensors into the battery monitoring system, so as to realize the Real-time monitoring of cell status.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a specific application scenario diagram of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 3 is another specific application scenario diagram of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 is another specific application scenario diagram of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 5 is another specific application scenario diagram of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the battery monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is another application environment diagram of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 10 is another flowchart of the battery monitoring method according to the embodiment of the present application.

Description of main component symbols

Battery Monitoring System 100

Battery

200, 200a, 200b, 200c, 200d

External device 300

Battery monitoring device

10, 10a-10d, 101a-104a, 101b-104b, 101c-104c

Ultrasonic sensor 11

temperature sensor 12

Pressure sensor 13

Voltage sensor 14

Current sensor 15

Gas sensor 16

Controller 20

Cells

30, 301a-304a, 301b-304b, 301c-304c

Condition monitoring device 40

processing unit 41

first control unit 42

second control unit 43

third control unit 44

PLC interface 45

Clock unit 46

Power supply unit 47

Cell control board 50

Power Cord 601a-604a, 601b-604b, 601c-604c

The following specific embodiments will further describe the present application in detail with reference to the above drawings.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments.

In the embodiments of this application, words such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying order. For example, the first application, the second application, etc. are used to distinguish different applications, rather than to describe the specific order of the applications, and the features defined with "first" and "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of this feature.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to mean serving as an example, illustration or illustration. Any embodiment or design described in the embodiments herein as "exemplary" or "such as" should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present the related concepts in a specific manner.

Thermal runaway can refer to an overheating phenomenon in which the battery temperature rises rapidly due to a series of exothermic chain reactions inside the battery, and the temperature is no longer controllable, which can lead to dangerous situations such as fire, explosion, and combustion of the battery. Therefore, how to accurately and effectively predict thermal runaway before the battery pack catches fire is of great significance to ensure battery safety.

It can be understood that a battery can be an electrochemical system, which can establish an equivalent circuit of the electrochemical system, that is, an equivalent circuit connected by elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Among them, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS) can be used to determine the composition of the equivalent circuit and the size of each element, and then the electrochemical meaning of these elements can be used to analyze the structure of the electrochemical system and the nature of the electrode process. Wait. In a possible implementation manner of the present application, a state of charge (State of Charge, SOC)/state of health (State of Health, SOH) model of the battery can be established through a large number of experiments, and based on different SOC/SOH conditions Infer the current state of battery health, and then predict whether the battery will overheat, burn, explode, etc. In the above implementation manner, since the positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes, solvents, diaphragm materials, etc. of different batteries can change the measured EIS model, the testing cost is high. In addition, the measurement of EIS requires a large amount of experimental data and cannot provide early warning of thermal runaway of the battery in time. Most importantly, the model establishment of EIS requires the use of battery components, and battery components are the core secrets of battery suppliers. In actual business operations, this is not feasible due to business model reasons.

In another possible implementation of the present application, before the thermal runaway occurs in the battery, hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and other gases may appear in the chemical reaction inside the battery. The calculation can obtain the characteristic gas produced by the battery in different reaction stages, and the gas generated in the chemical reaction of the battery can be collected by the gas sensor, and then the collected gas composition can be analyzed by instruments such as mass spectrometer or spectrometer, and then It can reflect the current internal reaction of the battery. Therefore, based on the aforementioned large amount of experimental data and related theoretical analysis, it can be determined whether the current battery has a risk of thermal runaway, that is, this implementation can reflect the health of the battery according to the gas generated in different stages of the chemical reaction. The above method needs to be realized by using a gas sensor, but the installation of the gas sensor is difficult, and the signal processing is complicated, so it is not easy to realize.

In addition, in some other implementation manners of the present application, temperature sensors can also be used to detect temperatures at different positions of the battery, that is, to measure the main influencing factors and direct physical quantities of thermal runaway. The solution is simple and easy to implement. In the above-mentioned implementation manner, because the thermal conductivity of the battery is low, the ignition point is random and the heat is not easy to spread, the temperature of different positions of the battery is very different, and the core factor is that the thermal conductivity is low, resulting in slow heat transfer, The information finally detected lags seriously and loses the meaning of early warning. In addition, disposing a large number of temperature sensors in the battery will lead to too many signal lines and power supply lines, thereby increasing the thickness of the battery and increasing the cost.

It can be understood that among the above-mentioned implementations, due to the differences in battery electrode materials, electrolyte ratios, and battery pack assembly methods, it is difficult to establish a theoretical model, that is, the application range of battery monitoring based on a theoretical model is small. Due to the use of a large number of sensors, the input and output of multiple signals will lead to low signal transmission efficiency, that is, the high-speed and real-time transmission of signals is not considered in the above-mentioned various implementations, resulting in the solution being unfeasible for integration and unable to Engineering is in progress.

To this end, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery monitoring device and system, which can realize high-speed and real-time signal transmission based on the signal transmission method of the PLC protocol, and can integrate sensors into the battery monitoring system to realize monitoring of battery cells. Real-time monitoring of status. The battery may include one or more cells, and a plurality of cells will be used as an example for description in the following.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The battery monitoring system 100 in this embodiment can monitor the state of the battery 200 and report the monitored state information of the battery 200 to the external device 300 . For example, the battery monitoring system 100 may transmit the state of health or thermal runaway of the battery 200 to the external device 300 .

In a possible scenario, if the battery 200 is thermally out of control, the battery monitoring system 100 can report the thermal runaway information of the battery 200 to the external device 300 , and the external device 300 can send an alarm message to remind in time user to process. In another possible scenario, if the battery 200 is in a healthy state, the battery monitoring system 100 may report the health state information of the battery 200 to the external device 300, and the external device 300 may issue a prompt message, that is, this The battery 200 is in a safe state.

It can be understood that, in one usage scenario, the external device 300 may be a vehicle-mounted device. The battery 200 may be a vehicle battery pack. In the embodiment of the present application, the battery monitoring system 100 may include a battery monitoring device 10 and a controller 20 . In a possible design, the battery monitoring system 100 may include multiple battery monitoring devices 10 , and the battery 200 may include multiple cells (not shown in FIG. 1 ). The number of the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 may be the same as the number of the plurality of battery cells and correspond one-to-one. That is, one battery monitoring device 10 can monitor the state of one battery cell.

Thus, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 can send the monitored status information of the battery cells to the controller 20, and the controller 20 summarizes the status information of the plurality of battery cells, and the controller 20 summarizes the status information of the plurality of battery cells 20 is uniformly transmitted to the external device 300 . The external device 300 can obtain thermal runaway information or health state information for one or more specific cells, so as to make an alarm or prompt for the one or more cells.

As shown in FIG. 2 , it is a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. The battery 200 may include a plurality of cells 30 . It can be understood that the state of a single cell 30 will affect the working state of the entire battery 200 . In a possible situation, thermal runaway occurs or is about to occur in one of the battery cells 30 . If it cannot be detected and controlled in time, the battery cell 30 may undergo thermal diffusion, causing the entire battery 200 to burn or even explode. To this end, in this embodiment of the present application, a corresponding battery monitoring device 10 may be configured on each battery cell 30, so that when thermal runaway occurs or is about to occur in one or more of the battery cells 30, it can be detected and controlled in time. Dangerous situations such as burning and explosion of the battery 200 are avoided.

It can be understood that the battery monitoring device 10 and the battery cells 30 shown in FIG. 2 are described by taking 8 cells as an example. In some other possible embodiments, the number of the battery monitoring device 10 and the battery cells 30 can be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application. Wherein, both the battery cell 30 and the battery monitoring device 10 can be grounded through a common ground, and the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 can be connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through a transmission line, wherein , the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 establish a communication connection with the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through PLC communication. The transmission line carrying the PLC protocol may be the power line of the battery cell 30, which reduces the need for additional transmission lines and facilitates implementation.

In this connection manner, a star topology network of PLC networking can be formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 and the controller 20 . With the above design, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 can share a main power line of the battery 200 as a bus to be connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20, thereby supporting different series and parallel connections of the batteries 200. relation. The master power cord may electrically connect the power cords of each wire.

It can be understood that, in a possible implementation manner, the controller 20 may be a power line communication (Power Line Communication, PLC) hub. The controller 20 may be disposed on the outer package of the battery 200 . Therefore, in a possible embodiment, data transmission can be performed through a PLC hub, and the relevant information of the health state and thermal runaway state of the battery 200 can be transmitted to the external device 300 (such as an on-board chip), thereby The health status information of the battery 200 can be prompted through the vehicle-mounted main control system.

It can be understood that, in a possible implementation manner, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 may be electrically connected to an external power source (not shown in the figure), and the external power source may supply power to the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10, This eliminates the need to use the cells being monitored to power the battery monitoring device 10 .

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the controller 20 may include a first interface 21 , a second interface 22 , a third interface 23 and a fourth interface 24 . The first interface 21 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10a through PLC communication. The second interface 22 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10b through PLC communication. The third interface 23 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10c through PLC communication. The fourth interface 24 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10d through PLC communication.

In this connection manner, a star topology network of PLC networking can be formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10a-10d and the controller 20. With this design, different series-parallel relationships of batteries can be supported.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the four battery monitoring devices 10a-10d can be connected in series in sequence, and the third interface 23 of the controller 20 can establish a communication connection with any one of the four battery monitoring devices 10 through PLC communication. . For example, the third interface 23 of the controller 20 may establish a communication connection with the battery monitoring device 10d through PLC communication. With this connection, a ring topology network of PLC networking can be formed between the four battery monitoring devices 10a-10d and the controller 20.

It can be understood that the battery monitoring device 10 and the battery cells 30 shown in FIG. 4 are only described by taking four as an example. In other embodiments, the numbers of the battery monitoring devices 10 and the battery cells 30 can be adjusted accordingly. For example, in some embodiments, six battery monitoring devices 10 can be serially connected together, and the third battery monitoring device 10 of the controller 20 can be connected in series. The interface 23 can establish a communication connection with any one of the six battery monitoring devices 10 through PLC communication.

Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device 10a is connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through PLC communication, the battery monitoring device 10b is connected to the battery monitoring device 10a through PLC communication, and the battery monitoring device 10c communicates through PLC way to connect with the battery monitoring device 10b.

With this connection, a linear topology network of PLC networking can be formed between the three battery monitoring devices 10a-10c and the controller 20. It can be understood that only three battery monitoring devices 10a-10c shown in FIG. 5 are used as an example for description. In other embodiments, the numbers of the battery monitoring devices 10 and the battery cells 30 can be adjusted accordingly.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the battery monitoring device 10 provided by the embodiments of the present application will be illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and practical application scenarios. FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device 10 may include a plurality of sensors and a state monitoring device 40 .

For example, the plurality of sensors may include an ultrasonic sensor 11 , a temperature sensor 12 , a pressure sensor 13 , a voltage sensor 14 , a current sensor 15 and a gas sensor 16 . It can be understood that all of the above sensors can be used to sense the parameters of the battery cell 30 . The state monitoring device 40 in this embodiment may include a processing unit 41 , a first control unit 42 , a second control unit 43 , a third control unit 44 , a PLC interface 45 and a clock unit 46 .

It can be understood that the state monitoring device 40 is connected in communication with the above-mentioned sensors, and can receive parameters of the battery cells 30 sensed by multiple sensors, and the state monitoring device 40 can determine the parameters based on the multiple parameters sensed by the multiple sensors. The state of the battery cell 30 .

In some possible embodiments, the plurality of sensors may include one or more ultrasonic sensors 11 . The one or more ultrasonic sensors 11 may monitor preset parameters of the battery cells 30 through ultrasonic signals. Specifically, the first control unit 42 can be electrically connected to a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 11 . In one embodiment, the first control unit 42 can control one ultrasonic sensor 11 to send out ultrasonic signals, and the first control unit 42 can also control one or more ultrasonic sensors 11 to receive ultrasonic signals. In another possible implementation manner, the ultrasonic sensor 11 can send out ultrasonic signals and receive a reflected signal of the ultrasonic signal, and the deformation of the reflected signal relative to the ultrasonic signal can reflect one of the multiple parameters preset parameters. The reflected signal is a signal obtained after the ultrasonic signal is transmitted and deformed in the cell. That is to say, any ultrasonic sensor 11 may be a transducer that integrates transceivers, a transducer that only transmits an ultrasonic signal, or a transducer that only receives the reflected signal, which is not the case in this embodiment. limited.

It can be understood that the ultrasonic signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor 11 is an analog signal. Therefore, the first control unit 42 can perform analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor 11 to transmit the converted digital signal. to the processing unit 41 .

The second control unit 43 may be electrically connected to the temperature sensor 12 , the pressure sensor 13 and the gas sensor 16 . The second control unit 43 may control the temperature sensor 12 to collect the temperature signal of the battery cell 30 , and the second control unit 43 may also control the pressure sensor 13 to collect the pressure signal of the battery cell 30 , the second control unit 43 may also control the gas sensor 16 to collect gas parameters of the battery cell 30 . It can be understood that the temperature signal and pressure signal collected by the temperature sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 are both analog signals. Therefore, the second control unit 43 can perform analog-to-digital conversion on the temperature signal and the pressure signal to obtain The converted digital signal is transmitted to the processing unit 41 .

The third control unit 44 may electrically connect the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 . The third control unit 44 may control the voltage sensor 14 to collect the voltage value of the battery cell 30 , and the third control unit 44 may also control the current sensor 15 to collect the current value of the battery cell 30 . It can be understood that the voltage signal and current signal collected by the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 are both analog signals. Therefore, the third control unit 44 can perform analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal and the current signal to obtain The converted digital signal is transmitted to the processing unit 41 .

In this way, the processing unit 41 can perform preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing based on the relevant parameters collected by the above-mentioned multiple sensors, thereby further determining the state of the battery cell 30 . The PLC interface 45 can be electrically connected to the controller 20 . Therefore, after the processing unit 41 determines the state of the battery cell 30, it can be sent to the controller 20 through the PLC interface 45 in a PLC communication manner, and then fed back to the external device 300 (eg, a vehicle-mounted chip). It can be understood that the controller 20 may transmit information to the external device 300 by means of PLC or wireless communication.

In a possible design, the processing unit 41 may include a Micro Control Unit (Micro Control Unit, MCU) core, where the MCU core may be used for data processing. In another possible design, the processing unit 41 may further include a machine learning neural network processing unit (Neural-network Processing Unit, NPU) core, wherein, if the algorithm module involved in the processing unit 41 involves a machine For the calculation of learning or a large number of inferences, the machine learning NPU core can speed up the calculation speed and improve the beneficial effect. It can be understood that the clock unit 46 in this embodiment may be used to control the clock of the state monitoring apparatus 40 . In a possible design, the state monitoring device 40 may further include a power supply unit 47 , and the power supply unit 47 may be used to provide power and power management for each unit in the state monitoring device 40 .

Based on the above design, the embodiment of the present application designs a multi-channel synchronization parameter acquisition scheme, and through the preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing of the processing unit, the calculation result is communicated to the vehicle chip through the PLC interface 45 by PLC communication. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can realize high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals, and can integrate sensors into a battery monitoring system. In addition, it can also be displayed in real time on the large screen of the car, and an alarm prompt can be issued when danger occurs, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the battery status and improve the user experience.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device 10 according to another embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the plurality of sensors may be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 30 . In a possible design, the ultrasonic sensor 11 is attached to the surface of the battery cell 30 . The ultrasonic sensor 11 in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking a piezoelectric transducer (Piezoelectric transducer, PZT) as an example. Since ultrasonic waves travel at different speeds in different media, they can be used to reflect the health of the battery. In addition, the battery can be composed of positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, electrolyte, electrolyte and other components. Since its material is not dense and has certain pores, during the charging and discharging process of the battery, lithium ions can continuously move between the positive and negative electrodes. The ground movement will change the material parameters such as the elastic modulus of the battery as a whole, thereby affecting the propagation law of ultrasonic waves.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, one PZT can be attached to the surface of the battery cell 30 for transmitting ultrasonic signals, and one or more PZTs can be attached to the surface of the battery core 30 to receive ultrasonic waves. Signal. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can reflect the health state and thermal runaway state of the battery by analyzing the transmission law of the ultrasonic signal, thereby realizing ultrasonic monitoring of the health state and thermal runaway state of the battery. It can be understood that the plurality of PZTs may be disposed on the same surface of the battery cell 30 or on different surfaces.

In one embodiment, the temperature sensor 12 , the pressure sensor 13 , the voltage sensor 14 , the current sensor 15 and the gas sensor 16 may all be arranged on different surfaces of the battery cell 30 . Optionally, the temperature sensor 12 in this embodiment may be a negative temperature coefficient (Negative Temperature Coefficient, NTC) temperature sensor.

In a possible design, the battery monitoring device 10 may further include a battery cell control board 50 . The ultrasonic sensor 11 , the temperature sensor 12 , the pressure sensor 13 , the voltage sensor 14 , the current sensor 15 and the gas sensor 16 can be connected to the cell control board 50 through signal lines, and the cell control board 50 can also be connected with the state. The monitoring device 40 is communicatively connected. That is, the above-mentioned multiple sensors can send the sensed parameters to the state monitoring device 40 through the cell control board 50 . Thus, multiple different analog signals collected by the multiple sensors are transmitted to the state monitoring device 40, and the state monitoring device 40 performs preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing. According to the multi-sensor signal fusion algorithm in the embodiment of the present application, the health state and thermal runaway state of different battery cells 30 can be obtained.

Therefore, the battery monitoring system 100 in the embodiment of the present application can transmit the calculation results of different battery cells 30 to the on-board chip through PLC communication, so that the user can prompt the thermal runaway of the battery cells in time through the interface prompt of the on-board cockpit. Status and alarms are processed accordingly.

Please refer to FIG. 8 , which is an application environment diagram of the battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. It can be understood that the cells of the battery may be a combination of multiple groups in series and parallel, and each cell may be correspondingly configured with a battery monitoring device with a PLC communication function. In the present application, a battery monitoring device with a PLC interface is deployed on each battery cell to monitor the real-time status of each battery cell in the battery, and to systematically monitor the status of the entire battery. As shown in FIG. 8 , the battery monitoring system 100 of the present application is further described by taking four

batteries

200 a , 200 b , 200 c and 200 d as an example.

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200a may include

battery cells

301a, 301b, and 301c. The battery cell 301a is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 101a, and the battery monitoring device 101a can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 301a, and the battery cell 301b is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 101b, which monitors the state of the battery cell 301a. The device 101b can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 301b, the battery cell 301c is provided with a battery monitoring device 101c correspondingly, and the battery monitoring device 101c can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 301c. Wherein, the battery monitoring system 100 may include a plurality of

power lines

601a, 601b, 601c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 301a through a power line 601a, and the power line 601a is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 101a corresponding to the battery cell 301a status information. The positive terminal of the cell 301a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 301b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 301b through a power line 601b, and the power line 601b is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 101b corresponding to the battery cell 301b. status information. The positive terminal of the cell 301b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 301c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 301c through a power line 601c, and the power line 601c is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 101c corresponding to the battery cell 301c. status information. The negative terminal of the cell 301 a is electrically connected to the controller 20 , and the positive terminal of the cell 301 c is electrically connected to the controller 20 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200b may include

battery cells

302a, 302b, and 302c. The battery cell 302a is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 102a, the battery monitoring device 102a can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 302a, and the battery cell 302b is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 102b, the battery monitoring device 102b. The device 102b can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 302b, and the battery cell 302c is provided with a battery monitoring device 102c correspondingly, and the battery monitoring device 102c can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 302c. Wherein, the battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

602a, 602b, 602c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302a through a power line 602a, and the power line 602a is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 102a corresponding to the battery cell 302a status information. The positive terminal of the cell 302a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 302b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302b through a power line 602b, and the power line 602b is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 102b corresponding to the battery cell 302b. status information. The positive terminal of the cell 302b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 302c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302c through a power line 602c, and the power line 602c is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 102c corresponding to the battery cell 302c. status information. The negative terminal of the cell 302 a is electrically connected to the controller 20 , and the positive terminal of the cell 302 c is electrically connected to the controller 20 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200c may include

battery cells

303a, 303b, and 303c. The battery cell 303a is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 103a, the battery monitoring device 103a can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 303a, and the battery cell 303b is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 103b, the battery monitoring The device 103b may be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 303b, and the battery cell 303c is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 103c, and the battery monitoring device 103c may be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 303c. Wherein, the battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

603a, 603b, 603c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 303a through a power line 603a, and the power line 603a is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 103a corresponding to the battery cell 303a status information. The positive terminal of the cell 303a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 303b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 303b through a power line 603b, and the power line 603b is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 103b corresponding to the battery cell 303b. status information. The positive terminal of the cell 303b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 303c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 303c through a power line 603c, and the power line 603c is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 103c corresponding to the battery cell 303c. status information. The negative terminal of the cell 303 a is electrically connected to the controller 20 , and the positive terminal of the cell 303 c is electrically connected to the controller 20 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200d may include

battery cells

304a, 304b, and 304c. The battery cell 304a is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 104a, the battery monitoring device 104a can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 304a, and the battery cell 304b is correspondingly provided with a battery monitoring device 104b, the battery monitoring The device 104b can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 304b, and the battery cell 304c is provided with a battery monitoring device 104c correspondingly, and the battery monitoring device 104c can be used to monitor the state of the battery cell 304c. Wherein, the battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

604a, 604b, 604c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 304a through a power line 604a, and the power line 604a is used to transmit the battery monitoring device 104a corresponding to the battery cell 304a status information. The positive terminal of the cell 304a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 304b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 303b through a power line 604b, and the power line 604b is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 104b corresponding to the battery cell 304b. status information. The positive terminal of the cell 304b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 304c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 304c through a power line 604c, and the power line 604c is used to transmit the data of the battery monitoring device 104c corresponding to the battery cell 304c. status information. The negative terminal of the cell 304 a is electrically connected to the controller 20 , and the positive terminal of the cell 304 c is electrically connected to the controller 20 .

With such a design, the battery monitoring device can obtain power from the power line of the corresponding cell, and the battery monitoring device can also transmit status information to the controller 20 through the power line of the corresponding cell, so extra wiring inside the battery can be saved , The signal line layout is simple, does not affect the reliability and stability of the battery, and reduces the cost of the solution.

It can be understood that, in the embodiments of the present application, each battery monitoring device includes a PLC interface, that is, each PLC interface includes a TX terminal and an RX terminal, and the TX terminal of each PLC interface can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding battery cell. terminal, the RX terminal of each PLC interface can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding battery cell.

In the embodiment of the present application, the PLC interface in each battery monitoring device may work in a slave (Slave) mode, and the controller 20 may work in a master (Master) mode. The PLC interface in each battery monitoring device communicates with the controller 20 . Wherein, the communication mechanism may adopt a contention-occupancy type or a polling type, which may be configured by the controller 20 . It can be understood that the controller 20 summarizes the status information reported by each battery monitoring device, and the aggregated status information can be transmitted to the external device 300 by wired or wireless communication. It can be understood that the information transmitted by the controller 20 using PLC may include the result information processed by each battery monitoring device 10, the raw data of the sensor, and the information related to the environment. Among them, the information related to the environment may refer to the geographic location, time and date of the vehicle, and a better database can be established by collecting such information.

Please refer to FIG. 9 , which is a flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application. The flowchart of the battery monitoring method may include the following steps:

Step S91: set the sensor. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, three ultrasonic sensors 11 may be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 30 . Specifically, the three ultrasonic sensors 11 may be attached to the surface of the battery cell 30 . In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 12 , the pressure sensor 13 , the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 may also be provided on the surface of the battery cell 30 .

Step S92: Collect parameters of the battery cells. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, one ultrasonic sensor 11 may be used to transmit ultrasonic signals, and the other two ultrasonic sensors 11 may be used to receive the ultrasonic signals. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 12 , the pressure sensor 13 , the voltage sensor 14 , the current sensor 15 , and the gas sensor 16 may also be used to collect relevant parameters of the battery cell.

Step S93: Calculate the parameters of the cell, and determine the state of the cell. In this embodiment, the processing unit 41 can perform preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing on the collected parameters, and determine the state of the battery cell 30 according to the calculation result.

Step S94: The state information of the battery cells is transmitted to the controller through the PLC interface, and the controller summarizes all the state information and reports it to the external device uniformly. In the embodiment of the present application, the state information of the battery cells 30 is communicated and sent to the controller 20 through the PLC interface 45 in a PLC communication manner. The controller 20 may be a PLC The transmitted state information is aggregated, and the aggregated state information is reported to the external device 300 .

With the method of the present application, high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals can be realized, and sensors can be integrated into a battery monitoring system. In addition, an alarm prompt can be issued when danger occurs, so as to realize real-time monitoring of battery status and improve user experience.

Please refer to FIG. 10 , which is a flowchart of a battery monitoring method provided by another embodiment of the present application. The flowchart of the battery monitoring method may include the following steps: Step S101 : enter a multimodal signal acquisition system. It can be understood that when entering the multi-modal signal acquisition system, the monitoring of the battery starts.

Step S102: Determine whether the battery is in a working state. If yes, go to step S103, otherwise return to step S101. For example, the battery monitoring system 100 can detect the voltage data and current data of the battery 200 through the voltage sensor 14 or the current sensor 15, so as to determine whether the battery 200 is in a working state. In this way, multiple sensors can be activated to monitor the state of the battery 200 when the battery 200 is working, and these sensors are not activated when the battery 200 is not working, thereby saving system power consumption.

Step S103: Collect parameters of each cell in the battery. It can be understood that the battery 200 may include a plurality of cells 30 , so the surface of each cell is provided with a corresponding ultrasonic sensor 11 , a temperature sensor 12 , a pressure sensor 13 , a voltage sensor 14 , a current sensor 15 and a gas sensor 16 to collect the relevant parameters of the battery cell 30 .

Step S104: Calculate the parameters of the cell, and determine the state of the cell. In this embodiment, for each battery cell 30, the data of the battery cell 30 can be acquired through a processing unit 41, and the data is preliminarily processed based on a signal preprocessing algorithm to filter out noise, data segmentation, threshold value Algorithmic processing such as discrimination. Then, it is processed through a fusion algorithm, which can perform fusion reasoning at the data layer, the feature layer and the decision layer, respectively, to obtain the current health or thermal runaway state of the battery cell 30 . It can be understood that the relevant calculation instructions for performing the fusion algorithm may be stored in the cache of the battery monitoring device 10, and may be read from the cache periodically. The collected parameters are preprocessed and processed with a fusion algorithm, thereby determining the state of the battery cell 30 .

Step S105: Upload the battery status information to the cloud. It can be understood that after the status of the battery 200 is determined, the monitored status information of the battery 200 can also be uploaded to the cloud, so that other users can also query the status of the battery 200 on the cloud.

Step S106: Determine whether the battery is faulty. If yes, go to step S107, otherwise return to step S101. It can be understood that, according to the monitored status information of the battery 200, it is determined whether the battery 200 is faulty. If the battery 200 does not fail, that is, the health status of the battery 200 does not decline or thermal runaway does not occur, the system will re-enter the multi-modal signal acquisition system to monitor the status of the cells in sequence.

Step S107: issue an alarm prompt. If the state of health of the battery cell 30 declines or thermal runaway occurs, an alarm prompt is issued to give an alarm.

With the embodiments of the present application, high-speed and real-time signal transmission can be realized based on the signal transmission mode of the PLC protocol, and sensors can be integrated into the battery monitoring system to realize real-time monitoring of the status of the battery cells, and accurately notify the problem Batteries. Since the transmission line carrying the PLC protocol can be the power line of the battery cell 30 , the multiplexing of the power line to transmit the battery monitoring signal is realized, and the problem of a large number of wirings is avoided. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application increase the safety and reliability of the battery, and can quickly feedback and give an alarm when an abnormality occurs in the battery, so as to protect the life safety of the user.

Those of ordinary skill in the art should realize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application, rather than being used to limit the present application, as long as the above embodiments are appropriately made within the spirit and scope of the present application Variations and variations are within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

A battery monitoring device for monitoring the state of cells in a battery, characterized in that the battery monitoring device includes:

a plurality of sensors, the plurality of sensors include one or more ultrasonic sensors, the plurality of sensors are used for sensing a plurality of parameters of the battery cell;

a processing unit, which is electrically connected to the plurality of sensors for receiving the plurality of parameters and determining the state information of the battery cell according to the plurality of parameters;

PLC interface, the PLC interface is electrically connected to the processing unit and the power cord of the battery cell, and is used for reporting the status information to the controller through the power cord.
The battery monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the one or more ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor preset parameters of the battery cells through ultrasonic signals.
The battery monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more ultrasonic sensors are attached to the surface of the battery cell.
The battery monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein,

The plurality of sensors also include at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, or a gas sensor.
The battery monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the state information includes the plurality of parameters or a result of processing the plurality of parameters by the processing unit.
A battery monitoring system for monitoring the state of a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells, characterized in that the battery monitoring system comprises a controller and a plurality of batteries according to any one of claims 1-5 monitoring device;

A plurality of battery monitoring devices are all electrically connected to the controller, and each battery monitoring device of the plurality of battery monitoring devices is electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery cells for monitoring the state of the battery cells information to the controller;

The controller is configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery cells from the plurality of battery monitoring devices, and report the state information of the plurality of battery cells to an external device.
The battery monitoring system of claim 6, wherein:

The number of the plurality of battery monitoring devices is the same as the number of the plurality of battery cells and is in one-to-one correspondence.
The battery monitoring system of claim 6 or 7, further comprising:

A plurality of power lines, each of the plurality of power lines is electrically connected to one of the plurality of cells and to a PLC interface in the battery monitoring device corresponding to the cell, for use in The state information of the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery cell is transmitted.
The battery monitoring system according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein,

The plurality of battery monitoring devices are all connected to an external power source, and the external power source supplies power to the plurality of battery monitoring devices.
The battery monitoring system according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein,

Any one of a star topology, a ring topology or a linear topology is formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices and the controller.