CN115500081A

CN115500081A - Battery monitoring device and system

Info

Publication number: CN115500081A
Application number: CN202180005064.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李琳; 刘浩东; 艾伟; 王勇
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-02
Filing date: 2021-04-02
Publication date: 2022-12-20
Also published as: WO2022205433A1

Abstract

A battery monitoring device (10) and system (100). The battery monitoring device (10) includes a plurality of sensors, a processing unit (41), and a PLC interface (45). The plurality of sensors includes one or more ultrasonic sensors (11) for sensing a plurality of parameters of the electrical core (30). The processing unit (41) is electrically connected with the sensors, and is used for receiving the parameters and determining the state of the battery core (30) according to the parameters. The PLC interface (45) is electrically connected with the processing unit (41) and a power line of the battery core (30) and is used for reporting the state information to the controller (20) through the power line. The device can realize high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals based on a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, reduces additional transmission lines, is convenient to realize, can integrate a plurality of sensors including an ultrasonic sensor (11) into a battery monitoring system, and realizes real-time monitoring of the state of the battery core (30).

Description

Battery monitoring device and system

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery monitoring device and system.

Background

With the development of lithium ion battery technology, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the fields of electric vehicles, electronic products, and the like.

The power battery pack of the electric automobile has serious consequences caused by thermal runaway, and the safety accident of vehicle damage and people death is often caused. Therefore, the early warning of the thermal runaway of the battery pack is very important. In the prior art, some solutions for predicting the battery state by using a large number of sensors to acquire battery parameters exist, but the implementation modes of the solutions all affect high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals, and the solutions have no engineering realizability and high cost, namely, the implementation schemes are not strong in practicability.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a battery monitoring device and system, which can conveniently realize the real-time monitoring of the state of a battery core.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery monitoring apparatus, configured to monitor a state of an electrical core in a battery, where the battery monitoring apparatus includes: a plurality of sensors including one or more ultrasonic sensors for sensing a plurality of parameters of the cells; the processing unit is electrically connected with the sensors, and is used for receiving the parameters and determining the state information of the battery cell according to the parameters; and the PLC interface is electrically connected with the processing unit and the power line of the battery cell and is used for reporting the state information to the controller through the power line.

By adopting the embodiment of the application, the high-speed transmission and the real-time transmission of signals can be realized based on the signal transmission mode of the PLC protocol, additional transmission lines are reduced, the realization is convenient, and a plurality of sensors including the ultrasonic sensor can be integrated into a battery monitoring system to realize the real-time monitoring of the state of the battery core.

In one possible embodiment, the one or more ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor preset parameters of the electrical core by means of ultrasonic signals. Based on the design, the parameters of the battery cell can be collected through the ultrasonic sensor, and the state of the battery cell can be determined conveniently.

In one possible embodiment, the one or more ultrasonic sensors are attached to the surface of the electrical core. Based on such design, the ultrasonic waves can better sense the parameters of the battery core. In one possible design, the plurality of sensors further includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, or a gas sensor. Based on the design, the state of the battery cell can be determined conveniently by acquiring a temperature signal, a pressure signal, a voltage signal or a current signal of the battery cell or released gas.

In one possible design, the state information includes the plurality of parameters or results of the processing of the plurality of parameters by the processing unit.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery monitoring system, configured to monitor a state of a battery, where the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and the battery monitoring system includes a controller and a plurality of battery monitoring devices as described above; the plurality of battery monitoring devices are electrically connected with the controller, and each battery monitoring device in the plurality of battery monitoring devices is electrically connected with one of the plurality of battery cores and is used for transmitting the state information of the monitored battery core to the controller; the controller is configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery cells from the plurality of battery monitoring devices, and report the state information of the plurality of battery cells to an external device.

By adopting the design, the high-speed transmission and the real-time transmission of signals can be realized based on a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, additional transmission lines are reduced, the realization is convenient, and a plurality of sensors including an ultrasonic sensor can be integrated into a battery monitoring system to realize the real-time monitoring of the state of the battery core.

In one possible design, the number of the battery monitoring devices is the same as the number of the battery cells, and the battery monitoring devices correspond to the battery cells one to one.

In a possible design, the battery monitoring system further includes a plurality of power lines, and each of the plurality of power lines is electrically connected to one of the plurality of battery cells and to a PLC interface in the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery cell, and is configured to transmit the state information of the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery cell.

By adopting the design, the extra wiring in the battery can be saved, the signal wire arrangement is simple, the reliability and the stability of the battery are not influenced, and the scheme cost is reduced.

In one possible design, the plurality of battery monitoring devices are each connected to an external power source that provides power to the plurality of battery monitoring devices. With such a design, the battery monitoring device can be powered by an external power source.

In one possible design, the plurality of battery monitoring devices and the controller form any one of a star topology, a ring topology, or a linear topology.

By adopting the design, the networking and the mode of PLC communication can be various, and a plurality of battery monitoring devices can share the power line of one battery as a bus to support different series-parallel connection relations of the battery pack.

The battery monitoring device and the battery monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the application sense the parameters of the battery core through the plurality of sensors, determine the state of the battery core according to the parameters, and report the state information of the battery core to the controller through the PLC interface. The embodiment of the application can realize high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals based on a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, reduces additional transmission lines, is convenient to realize, can integrate a plurality of sensors including an ultrasonic sensor into a battery monitoring system, and realizes real-time monitoring of the state of a battery core.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a diagram of a specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of another application environment of the battery monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 10 is another flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Description of the main elements

Battery monitoring system 100

Batteries

200, 200a, 200b, 200c, 200d

External device 300

Battery monitoring devices

10, 10a-10d, 101a-104a, 101b-104b, 101c-104c

Ultrasonic sensor 11

Temperature sensor 12

Pressure sensor 13

Voltage sensor 14

Current sensor 15

Gas sensor 16

Controller 20

Battery cells

30, 301a-304a, 301b-304b, 301c-304c

Condition monitoring device 40

Processing unit 41

First control unit 42

Second control unit 43

A third control unit 44

PLC interface 45

Clock unit 46

Power supply unit 47

Battery cell control panel 50

Power supply lines 601a-604a, 601b-604b, 601c-604c

The following detailed description will explain the present application in further detail in conjunction with the above-described figures.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application.

In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing different objects, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance, nor order to indicate or imply order. For example, a first application, a second application, etc. is used to distinguish one application from another application and not to describe a particular order of applications, and features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the words "exemplary" or "such as" are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "e.g.," in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.

Thermal runaway can mean a phenomenon that the temperature rise rate of a battery is rapidly increased due to a series of exothermic chain reactions in the battery, and the temperature is not controllable any more, so that dangerous conditions such as ignition, explosion, combustion and the like can occur in the battery. Therefore, how to accurately and effectively predict thermal runaway before the battery pack fires has important significance for ensuring the safety of the battery.

It will be appreciated that the cell may be an electrochemical system which establishes an equivalent circuit of the electrochemical system, i.e. an equivalent circuit connected by elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. Among them, the structure of the equivalent circuit and the size of each element can be measured by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and the structure of the Electrochemical system, the properties of the electrode process, and the like can be analyzed by using the Electrochemical meanings of these elements. In a possible implementation manner of the present application, a State of Charge (SOC)/State of Health (SOH) model of a battery may be established through a large number of experiments, and a current State of Health of the battery is inferred based on different SOC/SOH conditions, so as to predict whether the battery may have problems such as overheating, burning, and explosion. In the implementation mode, the measured EIS model can be changed by anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, solvents, diaphragm materials and the like of different batteries, so that the test cost is high. In addition, measurement of EIS requires a large amount of experimental data and early warning of thermal runaway of the battery cannot be timely performed. Most importantly, modeling of EIS requires the use of battery components, which are the core secrets of the battery supplier, which is not feasible in actual commercial operation for business model reasons.

In another possible implementation manner of the present application, before thermal runaway occurs in the battery, hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and other gases may occur in the chemical reaction inside the battery, and the marker gases generated by the battery at different reaction stages may be obtained through calculation, and the gases generated in the chemical reaction of the battery may be collected through the gas sensor, and then the collected gas components may be analyzed through instruments such as a mass spectrometer or a spectrometer, so as to reflect the current reaction condition inside the battery. Therefore, based on the aforesaid large amount of test data and the relevant theoretical analysis, it can be determined whether the current battery is at risk of thermal runaway, i.e. the implementation mode can reflect the health condition of the battery according to the gas generated at different stages of the chemical reaction. The above method needs to be implemented by using a gas sensor, but the gas sensor is difficult to install, and the signal processing is complex and difficult to implement.

In addition, in other implementation manners of the present application, temperature sensors may be further used to detect temperatures of different positions of the battery, that is, main influencing factors and direct physical quantities of thermal runaway are measured, and the scheme is simple and easy to implement. In the implementation mode, the thermal conductivity of the battery is low, the ignition point position is random, and heat is not easy to spread, so that the temperature difference of different positions of the battery is large, the core factor is low thermal conductivity, the heat transfer is slow, finally detected information lags seriously, and the early warning significance is lost. Further, the large number of temperature sensors provided in the battery leads to an excessive number of signal lines and power supply lines, which increases the thickness of the battery, increases the cost, and the like.

It can be understood that, in the above several implementation manners, due to the difference of the electrode material, the electrolyte ratio, and the battery pack assembly manner of the battery, the difficulty of establishing the theoretical model is high, that is, the battery monitoring application range based on the theoretical model is small. Due to the use of a large number of sensors, the input and output of multiple signals of the sensors will result in low signal transmission efficiency, that is, the problems of high-speed and real-time transmission of signals are not considered in the above multiple implementation modes, so that the scheme has no integration feasibility, and cannot be implemented in engineering.

Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides a battery monitoring device and system, which can realize high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals based on a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, and can integrate a sensor into a battery monitoring system to realize real-time monitoring of the state of a battery core. The battery may include one or more cells, and a plurality of cells will be described later as an example.

Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application is provided. The battery monitoring system 100 in this embodiment may monitor the state of the battery 200, and report the monitored state information of the battery 200 to the external device 300. For example, the battery monitoring system 100 may transmit the state of health or the thermal runaway state of the battery 200 to the external device 300.

In a possible scenario, if the battery 200 is in thermal runaway, the battery monitoring system 100 may report the thermal runaway information of the battery 200 to the external device 300, and the external device 300 may send an alarm message to prompt a user to perform processing. In another possible scenario, if the battery 200 is in a healthy state, the battery monitoring system 100 may report the healthy state information of the battery 200 to the external device 300, and the external device 300 may send a prompt message, that is, the battery 200 is in a safe state.

It is understood that in one usage scenario, the external device 300 may be an in-vehicle device. The battery 200 may be an in-vehicle battery pack. In an embodiment of the present application, the battery monitoring system 100 may include a battery monitoring device 10 and a controller 20. In one possible design, the battery monitoring system 100 may include a plurality of battery monitoring devices 10, and the battery 200 may include a plurality of cells (not shown in fig. 1). The number of the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 may be the same as the number of the plurality of battery cells and correspond to one another. That is, one battery monitoring apparatus 10 may monitor the state of one battery cell.

Thus, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 may transmit the monitored state information of the battery cells to the controller 20, and the controller 20 may collect the state information of the battery cells and transmit the collected state information of the battery cells to the external device 300 in a unified manner. The external device 300 may obtain thermal runaway information or health status information for a particular one or more cells, thereby making an alarm or prompt for the one or more cells.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery 200 may include a plurality of battery cells 30. It is understood that the state of a single cell 30 will affect the operating state of the entire battery 200. In a possible situation where a thermal runaway occurs or is about to occur in one of the battery cells 30, if the thermal runaway cannot be detected and controlled in time, the thermal runaway may occur in the battery cell 30, which may cause combustion or even explosion of the entire battery 200. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a corresponding battery monitoring device 10 may be configured on each battery cell 30, so that when one or more battery cells 30 are in thermal runaway or are about to be in thermal runaway, the battery monitoring device can timely discover and control the battery monitoring device, and avoid dangerous situations such as combustion and explosion of the battery 200.

It is understood that the battery monitoring device 10 and the battery cells 30 shown in fig. 2 are illustrated by taking 8 cells as an example. In other possible embodiments, the number of the battery monitoring devices 10 and the number of the battery cells 30 may be adjusted according to actual needs, and the application is not limited thereto. The battery core 30 and the battery monitoring devices 10 may be grounded through a common ground, the battery monitoring devices 10 may be connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through transmission lines, and the battery monitoring devices 10 are communicatively connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through a PLC communication manner. The transmission line carrying the PLC protocol may be a power line of the battery cell 30, so that additional transmission lines are reduced, and implementation is convenient.

With such a connection, a star topology network of PLC networks may be formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 and the controller 20. With the above design, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 can share the total power line of one battery 200 as a bus to connect with the first interface 21 of the controller 20, thereby supporting different series-parallel connection relationships of the batteries 200. The total power line may electrically connect the power lines of each of the wires.

It is understood that in one possible implementation, the controller 20 may be a Power Line Communication (PLC) hub. The controller 20 may be provided on an outer package of the battery 200. Therefore, in a possible embodiment, data transmission may be performed through the PLC hub, and information related to the state of health and the thermal runaway state of the battery 200 may be transmitted to the external device 300 (e.g., an on-board chip), so that the state of health information of the battery 200 may be prompted through an on-board main control system.

It is understood that, in one possible implementation, the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10 may be electrically connected to an external power source (not shown in the figure), which may supply power to the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10, so that the battery monitoring devices 10 do not need to be powered by the monitored battery cells.

Please refer to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the controller 20 may include a first interface 21, a second interface 22, a third interface 23, and a fourth interface 24. The first interface 21 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10a through PLC communication. The second interface 22 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10b through PLC communication. The third interface 23 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10c through PLC communication. The fourth interface 24 may establish a communication connection with the one or more battery monitoring devices 10d through PLC communication.

With such a connection, a star topology network of PLC networks may be formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices 10a-10d and the controller 20. By adopting the design, different series-parallel connection relations of the batteries can be supported.

Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the 4 battery monitoring devices 10a-10d may be sequentially connected in series, and the third interface 23 of the controller 20 may establish a communication connection with any one of the 4 battery monitoring devices 10 through a PLC communication manner. For example, the third interface 23 of the controller 20 may establish a communication connection with the battery monitoring apparatus 10d through a PLC communication manner. With such a connection, a ring topology network of PLC networking can be formed between the 4 battery monitoring devices 10a-10d and the controller 20.

It is understood that the battery monitoring device 10 and the battery cells 30 shown in fig. 4 are only illustrated by taking 4 cells as an example. In other embodiments, the number of the battery monitoring devices 10 and the number of the battery cells 30 may be adjusted correspondingly, for example, in some embodiments, 6 battery monitoring devices 10 may be connected in series in sequence, and the third interface 23 of the controller 20 may establish a communication connection with any one of the 6 battery monitoring devices 10 through a PLC communication manner.

Please refer to fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of another specific application scenario of the battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device 10a is connected to the first interface 21 of the controller 20 through a PLC communication method, the battery monitoring device 10b is connected to the battery monitoring device 10a through a PLC communication method, and the battery monitoring device 10c is connected to the battery monitoring device 10b through a PLC communication method.

With such a connection, a linear topology network of PLC networks can be formed between the 3 battery monitoring devices 10a-10c and the controller 20. It is to be understood that the battery monitoring devices 10a-10c shown in fig. 5 are each illustrated by way of example only as 3. In other embodiments, the number of the battery monitoring devices 10 and the number of the battery cells 30 may be adjusted correspondingly.

Referring to fig. 6, the battery monitoring device 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and practical application scenarios. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device 10 may include a plurality of sensors and a condition monitoring device 40.

For example, the plurality of sensors may include an ultrasonic sensor 11, a temperature sensor 12, a pressure sensor 13, a voltage sensor 14, a current sensor 15, and a gas sensor 16. It is understood that the sensors described above can be used to sense parameters of the battery cells 30. The condition monitoring device 40 in this embodiment may include a processing unit 41, a first control unit 42, a second control unit 43, a third control unit 44, a PLC interface 45, and a clock unit 46.

It is understood that the state monitoring device 40 is communicatively connected to the above-mentioned sensors, and may receive the parameters of the battery cell 30 sensed by the plurality of sensors, and the state monitoring device 40 may determine the state of the battery cell 30 based on the plurality of parameters sensed by the plurality of sensors.

In some possible embodiments, the plurality of sensors may include one or more ultrasonic sensors 11. The one or more ultrasonic sensors 11 may monitor a preset parameter of the battery cell 30 through an ultrasonic signal. Specifically, the first control unit 42 may electrically connect a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 11. In one embodiment, the first control unit 42 may control one ultrasonic sensor 11 to emit an ultrasonic signal, and the first control unit 42 may also control one or more ultrasonic sensors 11 to receive an ultrasonic signal. In another possible implementation manner, the ultrasonic sensor 11 may emit an ultrasonic signal and receive a reflection signal of the ultrasonic signal, where the deformation of the reflection signal relative to the ultrasonic signal may reflect a preset parameter of the multiple parameters. The reflected signal is a signal obtained after the ultrasonic signal is transmitted in the battery core and deformed. That is, any ultrasonic sensor 11 may be a transducer that transmits and receives ultrasonic signals, a transducer that transmits only ultrasonic signals, or a transducer that receives only reflected signals, which is not limited in this embodiment.

It is understood that the ultrasonic signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor 11 is an analog signal, and therefore, the first control unit 42 may perform analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal collected by the ultrasonic sensor 11 to transmit a converted digital signal to the processing unit 41.

The second control unit 43 may electrically connect the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, and the gas sensor 16. The second control unit 43 may control the temperature sensor 12 to acquire a temperature signal of the battery cell 30, the second control unit 43 may also control the pressure sensor 13 to acquire a pressure signal of the battery cell 30, and the second control unit 43 may also control the gas sensor 16 to acquire a gas parameter of the battery cell 30. It is understood that the temperature signal and the pressure signal collected by the temperature sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 are both analog signals, and therefore, the second control unit 43 may perform analog-to-digital conversion on the temperature signal and the pressure signal to transmit the converted digital signals to the processing unit 41.

The third control unit 44 may electrically connect the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15. The third control unit 44 may control the voltage sensor 14 to acquire the voltage value of the battery cell 30, and the third control unit 44 may also control the current sensor 15 to acquire the current value of the battery cell 30. It can be understood that the voltage signal and the current signal collected by the voltage sensor 14 and the current sensor 15 are analog signals, and therefore, the third control unit 44 can perform analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal and the current signal to transmit the converted digital signals to the processing unit 41.

In this way, the processing unit 41 may perform preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing based on the relevant parameters acquired by the sensors, so as to further determine the state of the battery cell 30. The PLC interface 45 may be electrically connected to the controller 20. Thus, after determining the state of the battery cell 30, the processing unit 41 may send the state to the controller 20 through the PLC interface 45 in a PLC communication manner, and further feed the state back to an external device 300 (e.g., a vehicle-mounted chip). It is understood that the controller 20 may transmit information to the external device 300 in a PLC manner or a wireless communication manner.

In one possible design, the processing Unit 41 may include a Micro Control Unit (MCU) core, where the MCU core may be used for data processing. In another possible design, the Processing Unit 41 may further include a Neural-Network Processing Unit (NPU) core, where if an algorithm module related to the Processing Unit 41 involves machine learning or computation of a large number of inferences, the NPU core may accelerate the computation speed and improve the beneficial effect. It is understood that the clock unit 46 in this embodiment may be used to control the clock of the condition monitoring device 40. In one possible design, the condition monitoring device 40 may further include a power supply unit 47, and the power supply unit 47 may be used to provide power and power management for each unit within the condition monitoring device 40.

Based on the above design, in the embodiment of the present application, by designing a scheme for acquiring multiple paths of synchronization parameters, and performing preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing by a processing unit, the calculation result is sent to the vehicle-mounted chip through the PLC interface 45 in a PLC communication manner. Therefore, the embodiment of the application can realize high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals, and can integrate the sensor into a battery monitoring system. In addition, can also show through on-vehicle large-size screen real time to can send out when dangerous and report an emergency and ask for help or increased vigilance the suggestion, in order to realize the real time monitoring to battery state, promote user experience.

Please refer to fig. 7, which is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring device 10 according to another embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the plurality of sensors may be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 30. In one possible embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor 11 is attached to the surface of the electrical core 30. The ultrasonic sensor 11 in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking a Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) as an example. Since the ultrasonic waves propagate at different speeds in different media, the ultrasonic waves can be used for reflecting the health state of the battery. In addition, the battery can be composed of components such as a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm, electrolyte and the like, and because the material is not compact and has certain pores, lithium ions can continuously move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the charging and discharging process of the battery, so that the material parameters such as the elastic modulus of the whole battery can be changed, and the propagation rule of ultrasonic waves is further influenced.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, one PZT may be attached to the surface of the battery cell 30 for transmitting the ultrasonic signal, and one or more PZT may be attached to the surface of the battery cell 30 for receiving the ultrasonic signal. Therefore, the health state and the thermal runaway state of the battery can be reflected by analyzing the transmission rule of the ultrasonic signal, and the health state and the thermal runaway of the battery can be monitored by ultrasonic waves. It is understood that the plurality of PZTs may be disposed on the same surface of the battery cell 30 or on different surfaces.

In one embodiment, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the voltage sensor 14, the current sensor 15, and the gas sensor 16 may be disposed on different surfaces of the battery cell 30. Alternatively, the Temperature sensor 12 in this embodiment may be a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) Temperature sensor.

In one possible design, the battery monitoring device 10 may further include a cell control board 50. The ultrasonic sensor 11, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the voltage sensor 14, the current sensor 15 and the gas sensor 16 may be connected to a cell control board 50 through signal lines, and the cell control board 50 may also be in communication connection with the state monitoring device 40. That is, the above-mentioned sensors may transmit the sensed parameters to the state monitoring device 40 through the cell control board 50. Therefore, a plurality of different analog signals collected by the plurality of sensors are transmitted to the state monitoring device 40, and the state monitoring device 40 performs preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing. According to the multi-sensor signal fusion algorithm in the embodiment of the present application, the health state and the thermal runaway state of different battery cells 30 can be obtained.

Therefore, the battery monitoring system 100 in the embodiment of the present application may transmit the calculation results of different battery cells 30 to the vehicle-mounted chip in a PLC communication manner, so that the user may prompt the interface of the vehicle-mounted cabin and perform corresponding processing on the thermal runaway state and the alarm of the battery cell in time.

Referring to fig. 8, an application environment of the battery monitoring system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. It can be understood that the battery cells of the battery may be a plurality of groups of series-parallel combinations, and each battery cell may be correspondingly configured with a battery monitoring device having a PLC communication function. According to the battery monitoring system and method, the battery monitoring device with the PLC interface is deployed on each battery cell, so that the real-time state of each battery cell in the battery is monitored, and the state of the whole battery is monitored systematically. As shown in fig. 8, the battery monitoring system 100 of the present application will be further described by taking 4

batteries

200a, 200b, 200c, and 200d as examples.

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200a may include

battery cells

301a, 301b, and 301c. The battery monitoring device 101a is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 301a, the battery monitoring device 101a can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 301a, the battery monitoring device 101b is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 301b, the battery monitoring device 101b can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 301b, the battery monitoring device 101c is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 301c, and the battery monitoring device 101c can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 301c. The battery monitoring system 100 may include a plurality of

power lines

601a, 601b, 601c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101a is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 301a through a power line 601a, and the power line 601a is used for transmitting the status information of the battery monitoring device 101a corresponding to the battery cell 301 a. The positive end of the battery cell 301a is electrically connected to the negative end of the battery cell 301 b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 301b through a power line 601b, and the power line 601b is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device 101b corresponding to the battery cell 301 b. The positive end of the battery cell 301b is electrically connected to the negative end of the battery cell 301c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 101c is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the electric core 301c through a power line 601c, and the power line 601c is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device 101c corresponding to the electric core 301c. The negative end of the battery cell 301a is electrically connected to the controller 20, and the positive end of the battery cell 301c is electrically connected to the controller 20.

In an embodiment of the present application, the battery 200b may include

battery cells

302a, 302b, and 302c. The battery monitoring device 102a is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 302a, the battery monitoring device 102a may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 302a, the battery monitoring device 102b is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 302b, the battery monitoring device 102b may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 302b, the battery monitoring device 102c is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 302c, and the battery monitoring device 102c may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 302c. The battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

602a, 602b, 602c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302a through a power line 602a, and the power line 602a is configured to transmit state information of the battery monitoring device 102a corresponding to the battery cell 302 a. The positive terminal of the battery cell 302a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell 302 b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102b is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302b through a power line 602b, and the power line 602b is configured to transmit state information of the battery monitoring device 102b corresponding to the battery cell 302 b. The positive terminal of the battery cell 302b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell 302c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 102c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 302c through a power line 602c, and the power line 602c is configured to transmit state information of the battery monitoring device 102c corresponding to the battery cell 302c. The negative end of the battery cell 302a is electrically connected to the controller 20, and the positive end of the battery cell 302c is electrically connected to the controller 20.

In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 200c may include

battery cells

303a, 303b, and 303c. The battery monitoring device 103a is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 303a, the battery monitoring device 103a can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 303a, the battery monitoring device 103b is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 303b, the battery monitoring device 103b can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 303b, the battery monitoring device 103c is correspondingly arranged on the battery cell 303c, and the battery monitoring device 103c can be used for monitoring the state of the battery cell 303c. The battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

603a, 603b, 603c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103a is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 303a through a power line 603a, and the power line 603a is used for transmitting status information of the battery monitoring device 103a corresponding to the battery cell 303 a. The positive terminal of the cell 303a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 303 b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103b is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 303b through a power line 603b, and the power line 603b is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device 103b corresponding to the battery cell 303 b. The positive terminal of the battery cell 303b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell 303c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 103c is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 303c through a power line 603c, and the power line 603c is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device 103c corresponding to the battery cell 303c. The negative terminal of the battery cell 303a is electrically connected to the controller 20, and the positive terminal of the battery cell 303c is electrically connected to the controller 20.

In an embodiment of the present application, the battery 200d may include

battery cells

304a, 304b, and 304c. The battery monitoring device 104a is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 304a, the battery monitoring device 104a may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 304a, the battery monitoring device 104b is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 304b, the battery monitoring device 104b may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 304b, the battery monitoring device 104c is correspondingly disposed on the battery cell 304c, and the battery monitoring device 104c may be configured to monitor a state of the battery cell 304c. The battery monitoring system 100 may further include a plurality of

power lines

604a, 604b, 604c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104a is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 304a through a power line 604a, and the power line 604a is used for transmitting the status information of the battery monitoring device 104a corresponding to the battery cell 304 a. The positive terminal of the cell 304a is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 304 b. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104b is electrically connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell 303b through a power line 604b, and the power line 604b is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device 104b corresponding to the battery cell 304 b. The positive terminal of the cell 304b is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the cell 304c. The PLC interface of the battery monitoring device 104c is electrically connected between the positive end and the negative end of the battery cell 304c through a power line 604c, and the power line 604c is configured to transmit state information of the battery monitoring device 104c corresponding to the battery cell 304c. The negative terminal of the battery cell 304a is electrically connected to the controller 20, and the positive terminal of the battery cell 304c is electrically connected to the controller 20.

By adopting the design, the battery monitoring device can be supplied with power from the power line corresponding to the battery core, and the battery monitoring device can also transmit state information to the controller 20 through the power line corresponding to the battery core, so that extra wiring inside the battery can be saved, the signal line arrangement is simple, the reliability and stability of the battery are not influenced, and the scheme cost is reduced.

It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, each battery monitoring device includes one PLC interface, that is, each PLC interface includes a TX end and an RX end, the TX end of each PLC interface may be electrically connected to the positive end of the corresponding electrical core, and the RX end of each PLC interface may be electrically connected to the negative end of the corresponding electrical core.

In an embodiment of the present application, the PLC interface of each battery monitoring apparatus may operate in a Slave (Slave) mode, and the controller 20 may operate in a Master (Master) mode. The PLC interface in each battery monitoring device communicates with the controller 20. Wherein the communication mechanism may be either contention based or polling based, and may be configured by the controller 20. It can be understood that the controller 20 summarizes the status information reported by each battery monitoring device, and the summarized status information may be transmitted to the external device 300 by a wired or wireless communication manner. It is understood that the information transmitted by the controller 20 using the PLC may include result information processed by each battery monitoring device 10, raw data of sensors, and environment-related information. The environment-associated information can refer to the vehicle-mounted geographic position and time and date, and a better database can be established by collecting the information.

Referring to fig. 9, a flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present application is provided, where the flowchart of the battery monitoring method may include the following steps:

step S91: a sensor is provided. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, three ultrasonic sensors 11 may be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 30, and specifically, the three ultrasonic sensors 11 may be attached to the surface of the battery cell 30. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the voltage sensor 14, and the current sensor 15 may also be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 30.

Step S92: and collecting parameters of the battery cell. It is understood that the embodiment of the present application may be configured to transmit the ultrasonic signal through one ultrasonic sensor 11, and the other two ultrasonic sensors 11 are configured to receive the ultrasonic signal. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the voltage sensor 14, the current sensor 15, and the gas sensor 16 may be further used to acquire relevant parameters of the battery cell.

Step S93: and calculating parameters of the battery cell, and determining the state of the battery cell. In this embodiment, the processing unit 41 may perform preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing on the acquired parameters, and determine the state of the battery cell 30 according to the calculation result.

Step S94: the state information of the battery cell is transmitted to the controller through the PLC interface, and the controller collects all the state information and then uniformly reports the collected state information to the external device. In the embodiment of the present application, the state information of the battery cell 30 is sent to the controller 20 through the PLC interface 45 in a PLC communication manner, the controller 20 may be a PLC hub, and the controller 20 collects the state information transmitted by all the battery cells 30 and reports the collected state information to the external device 300.

By adopting the method, high-speed transmission and real-time transmission of signals can be realized, and the sensor can be integrated into a battery monitoring system. In addition, can also send out when dangerous and report an emergency and ask for help or increased vigilance the suggestion to realize the real time monitoring to the battery state, promote user experience.

Referring to fig. 10, a flowchart of a battery monitoring method according to another embodiment of the present application is provided, where the flowchart of the battery monitoring method may include the following steps: step S101: and entering a multi-mode signal acquisition system. It will be appreciated that upon entering the multimodal signal acquisition system, the battery monitoring is initiated.

Step S102: it is determined whether the battery is in an operating state. If yes, the process proceeds to step S103, otherwise, the process returns to step S101. For example, the battery monitoring system 100 may detect the voltage data and the current data of the battery 200 through the voltage sensor 14 or the current sensor 15, so as to determine whether the battery 200 is in the operating state. In this way, the plurality of sensors can be activated to monitor the state of the battery 200 when the battery 200 is in operation, and the sensors are not activated when the battery 200 is not in operation, thereby achieving the purpose of saving system power consumption.

Step S103: and acquiring parameters of each battery cell in the battery. It is understood that the battery 200 may include a plurality of battery cells 30, and therefore, a corresponding ultrasonic sensor 11, a temperature sensor 12, a pressure sensor 13, a voltage sensor 14, a current sensor 15 and a gas sensor 16 are disposed on the surface of each battery cell to acquire relevant parameters of the battery cell 30.

Step S104: and calculating parameters of the battery cell, and determining the state of the battery cell. In this embodiment, for each battery cell 30, the data of the battery cell 30 may be acquired by one processing unit 41, and the data is subjected to preliminary processing based on a signal preprocessing algorithm, such as noise filtering, data segmentation, and threshold discrimination. And then, the processing is carried out through a fusion algorithm, and the algorithm can carry out fusion reasoning on a data layer, a characteristic layer and a decision layer respectively to obtain the health or thermal runaway state of the current battery cell 30. It will be appreciated that the instructions associated with performing the fusion algorithm may be stored in a cache of the battery monitoring device 10, and may be periodically read from the cache. And the acquired parameters are subjected to preprocessing and fusion algorithm processing, so that the state of the battery cell 30 is determined.

Step S105: and uploading the state information of the battery to a cloud. It can be understood that after the state of the battery 200 is determined, the monitored state information of the battery 200 may be uploaded to the cloud, so that other users may also query the state of the battery 200 on the cloud.

Step S106: it is determined whether the battery has failed. If yes, the process goes to step S107, otherwise, the process returns to step S101. It can be understood that whether the battery 200 is out of order is determined based on the monitored state information of the battery 200. If the battery 200 fails, that is, the health state of the battery 200 does not drop or thermal runaway does not occur, the system enters the multi-mode signal acquisition system again, and the states of the battery cells are sequentially monitored in a circulating manner.

Step S107: and sending an alarm prompt. And if the health state of the battery cell 30 is reduced or thermal runaway occurs, giving an alarm prompt to give an alarm.

By adopting the embodiment of the application, the high-speed transmission and the real-time transmission of signals can be realized based on a signal transmission mode of a PLC protocol, and the sensor can be integrated into a battery monitoring system, so that the real-time monitoring of the state of the battery core is realized, and the battery core with problems is accurately informed. Because the transmission line carrying the PLC protocol may be a power line of the battery cell 30, the multiplexing of the power line for transmitting the battery monitoring signal is realized, and the problem of a large amount of wiring is avoided. In addition, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application increases the safety and the reliability of the battery, and can quickly feed back and alarm when the battery is abnormal, so that the life safety of a user is protected.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present application and are not used as limitations of the present application, and that suitable changes and modifications of the above embodiments are within the scope of the present application as claimed.

Claims

A battery monitoring device for monitoring the state of cells in a battery, the battery monitoring device comprising:

a plurality of sensors including one or more ultrasonic sensors for sensing a plurality of parameters of the cells;

the processing unit is electrically connected with the sensors, and is used for receiving the parameters and determining the state information of the battery cell according to the parameters;

and the PLC interface is electrically connected with the processing unit and the power line of the battery cell and is used for reporting the state information to the controller through the power line.
The battery monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the one or more ultrasonic sensors are configured to monitor the predetermined parameter of the electrical core via an ultrasonic signal.
The battery monitoring device of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the one or more ultrasonic sensors are bonded to a surface of the cell.
The battery monitoring device of any one of claims 1-3,

the plurality of sensors further includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, or a gas sensor.
The battery monitoring device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the status information comprises the plurality of parameters or results of the processing unit processing the plurality of parameters.
A battery monitoring system for monitoring the condition of a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of cells, the battery monitoring system comprising a controller and a plurality of battery monitoring devices according to any one of claims 1 to 5;

the plurality of battery monitoring devices are electrically connected with the controller, and each battery monitoring device is electrically connected with one of the plurality of battery cores and used for transmitting state information of the battery cores to the controller;

the controller is configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery cells from the plurality of battery monitoring devices, and report the state information of the plurality of battery cells to an external device.
The battery monitoring system of claim 6,

the number of the battery monitoring devices is the same as that of the battery cores and corresponds to that of the battery cores one by one.
The battery monitoring system of claim 6 or 7, further comprising:

each power line of the plurality of power lines is electrically connected with one of the plurality of battery cores and a PLC interface of the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery core, and is used for transmitting the state information of the battery monitoring device corresponding to the battery core.
The battery monitoring system of any one of claims 6-8,

the battery monitoring devices are all connected with an external power supply, and the external power supply supplies power to the battery monitoring devices.
The battery monitoring system of any one of claims 6-9,

any one of a star topology, a ring topology or a linear topology is formed between the plurality of battery monitoring devices and the controller.