WO2022205378A1 - 充电异常的检测方法、装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

充电异常的检测方法、装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205378A1
WO2022205378A1 PCT/CN2021/085115 CN2021085115W WO2022205378A1 WO 2022205378 A1 WO2022205378 A1 WO 2022205378A1 CN 2021085115 W CN2021085115 W CN 2021085115W WO 2022205378 A1 WO2022205378 A1 WO 2022205378A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
sampling
voltage
current
time
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PCT/CN2021/085115
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐广玉
李海力
赵微
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/085115 priority Critical patent/WO2022205378A1/zh
Priority to EP21765815.2A priority patent/EP4089427B1/en
Priority to CN202180063707.5A priority patent/CN116324442A/zh
Priority to US17/707,780 priority patent/US12095303B2/en
Publication of WO2022205378A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205378A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of battery charging, and in particular, to a method, device, and storage medium for detecting abnormal charging.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in consumer electronic products because of their high energy density, and with the development of power vehicles, lithium-ion battery packs have become the current development trend of lithium-ion batteries as a power source.
  • Lithium-ion battery management system Battery Management System, referred to as BMS
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the performance of the battery will decline, and there may be safety risks in the subsequent battery charging, so it is necessary to detect whether there is any abnormality in the charging process of the battery.
  • the BMS often detects whether there is an abnormality in the battery charging process in the following two ways.
  • the first method when the voltage difference between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage of any cell in a battery during a certain charging process is greater than the voltage threshold, it is considered that the battery where the cell is located is abnormal during the charging process.
  • the second method During a certain charging process of the battery, the voltage of any cell drops suddenly, which is considered to be an abnormal attenuation of the voltage, so that the battery where the cell is located is abnormal during the charging process.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, an electrical device, and a battery charging method and device, so as to ensure that the releasable capacity of the battery after being fully charged will not be attenuated as the battery ages.
  • a method for detecting abnormal charging comprising:
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, i is greater than or equal to 1, k is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than 2;
  • the second minimum voltage is the minimum voltage of the first cell between the end time of the i-th charging stage and the end time of the i+1-th charging stage in the Lth charging process
  • the sampling time of the second minimum voltage is the second sampling time
  • the Lth charging process is any charging process in the previous k-1 charging process
  • the first period is the period after the first sampling moment
  • the second period is the period after the second sampling moment
  • the duration of the first period Equal to the duration of the second period.
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell between the end time of the ith charging stage and the end time of the i+1th charging stage in the kth charging the corresponding first sampling time. Based on the same manner as described above, the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.
  • the n consecutive sampling voltages include the m th sampling voltage at the m th sampling time to the m+n-1 th sampling voltage at the m+n-1 th sampling time, and the n sampling voltages are determined according to the n consecutive sampling voltages.
  • the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage in includes:
  • sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time is less than the sampling voltage at the m+j-1th sampling time, update the minimum voltage with the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time;
  • the m+jth sampling time is determined as the first minimum voltage corresponding to the first minimum voltage.
  • the jth is greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to n-2, and m is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage can be determined, which can reduce the sampling voltage required to determine the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage. Therefore, the efficiency of determining the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage can be improved, and the data processing pressure in the process can also be reduced.
  • determining that the k-th charging is abnormal includes:
  • the first minimum voltage is greater than the second minimum voltage, it is determined that the k-th charging is abnormal.
  • the battery voltage will gradually drop when switching from high-current charging to low-current charging. If the voltage of the battery does not drop but increases during this switching process, it means that the internal resistance of the battery has decreased, which can further indicate that the battery is charged abnormally.
  • the first minimum voltage of the k-th charging process is greater than the second minimum voltage of any one of the previous k-1 charging processes, it is determined that the k-th charging is abnormal, and the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high. , which can effectively reduce the misjudgment rate.
  • determining that the kth charging is abnormal includes:
  • the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process, it is determined that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the internal resistance of the battery will increase.
  • the internal resistance of the battery can be measured by the rate of change of the sampled voltage over time. Therefore, based on this rule, when the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the second time during the Lth charging process The rate of change of the sampled voltage during the time period is used to determine the k-th charging abnormality, and the accuracy of detecting the charging abnormality is high, which can effectively reduce the misjudgment rate.
  • the method further includes:
  • the battery when the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed the preset times, the battery is stopped from charging, which can ensure the safe charging of the battery. And only when the cumulative number of abnormal charging times exceeds the preset number, the BMS stops charging the battery, which avoids the misjudgment of abnormal battery charging due to fluctuations in the sampling voltage.
  • the charging current in the i-th charging stage is the first current
  • the charging current in the i+1-th charging stage is the second current
  • the first current is greater than the second current.
  • the first current is directly switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the first current is switched to the second current reaches the m+n-1th sampling time Obtain n sampling voltages at the sampling time;
  • the first current is switched to the third current, and then the third current is switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the third current is switched to the second current to the mth sampling time At m+n-1 sampling time, n sampling voltages are obtained, and the third current is greater than the first current.
  • the first current when the current difference between the first current and the second current is less than or equal to the current threshold, the first current is first switched to a third larger current, and then the third current is switched to the second current, and Obtaining n sampled voltages from the mth sampling time to the m+n-1th sampling time after the third current is switched to the second current can amplify the characteristic signal of the sampled voltage and facilitate accurate judgment of the kth charging abnormality.
  • a device for detecting abnormal charging comprising:
  • the processing module is used to obtain n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage during the k-th charging of the battery, where the first cell is in the battery
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, i is greater than or equal to 1, k is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than 2;
  • the processing module is further configured to determine the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage in the n sampling voltages according to the n consecutive sampling voltages;
  • the processing module is further configured to, according to the first minimum voltage and the second minimum voltage, and/or according to the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process and the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process The rate of change of , to determine the abnormality of the kth charging;
  • the second minimum voltage is the minimum voltage of the first cell between the end time of the i-th charging stage and the end time of the i+1-th charging stage in the Lth charging process
  • the sampling time of the second minimum voltage is the second sampling time
  • the Lth charging process is any charging process in the previous k-1 charging process
  • the first period is the period after the first sampling moment
  • the second period is the period after the second sampling moment
  • the duration of the first period Equal to the duration of the second period.
  • the n consecutive sampling voltages include the mth sampling voltage at the mth sampling time to the m+n-1th sampling voltage at the m+n-1th sampling time, and the processing module is further configured to:
  • sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time is less than the sampling voltage at the m+j-1th sampling time, update the minimum voltage with the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time;
  • the m+jth sampling time is determined as the first minimum voltage corresponding to the first minimum voltage.
  • the jth is greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to n-2, and m is greater than or equal to 1.
  • processing module is also used to:
  • the first minimum voltage is greater than the second minimum voltage, it is determined that the k-th charging is abnormal.
  • processing module is also used to:
  • the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process, it is determined that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • processing module is also used to:
  • the device for detecting abnormal charging further includes: a charging module, configured to stop charging the battery when the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed a preset number of times.
  • the charging current in the i-th charging stage is the first current
  • the charging current in the i+1-th charging stage is the second current
  • the first current is greater than the second current
  • the processing module is further configured to:
  • the first current is directly switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the first current is switched to the second current reaches the m+n-1th sampling time Obtain n sampling voltages at the sampling time;
  • the first current is switched to the third current, and then the third current is switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the third current is switched to the second current to the mth sampling time At m+n-1 sampling time, n sampling voltages are obtained, and the third current is greater than the first current.
  • a battery including the device for detecting abnormal charging of the second aspect.
  • a charging device for charging a battery includes the device for detecting abnormal charging of the second aspect above.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, implements the method for detecting abnormal charging of the first aspect above.
  • an electronic device including:
  • the processor is configured to execute the method for detecting abnormal charging of the first aspect above by executing the executable instruction.
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell between the end time of the ith charging stage and the end time of the i+1th charging stage in the kth charging the corresponding first sampling time. Based on the same manner as described above, the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting abnormal charging according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of another method for detecting abnormal charging according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting abnormal charging according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for detecting abnormal charging provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device includes a main body and a battery disposed in the main body, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the device may be a vehicle, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the main body of the vehicle is provided with a driving motor, which is electrically connected to the battery, and the battery provides electrical energy.
  • the device may also be a drone or a ship or the like.
  • the batteries in the embodiments of the present application may be lithium-ion batteries, lithium-metal batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-separated batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-air batteries, or sodium-ion batteries in terms of battery types.
  • the battery in the embodiment of the present application includes a battery management system (BMS), and the method can be specifically applied to the BMS.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS in the embodiment of the present application can also be an independent device or equipment.
  • the abnormal charging of the battery can be detected according to the method for detecting abnormal charging provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
  • Step 101 in the kth charging of the battery, obtain n consecutive sampled voltages of the first battery cell from the end time of the ith charging stage to the end time of the i+1th charging stage.
  • the first cell is any cell in the battery, the charging current in the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current in the i+1-th charging stage, i is greater than or equal to 1, k is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than 2.
  • Step 102 Determine a first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage among the n sampling voltages according to the n consecutive sampling voltages.
  • Step 103 According to the first minimum voltage and the second minimum voltage, and/or, according to the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process and the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process , to determine that the k-th charging is abnormal.
  • the second minimum voltage is the minimum voltage of the first cell between the end time of the i-th charging stage and the end time of the i+1-th charging stage in the Lth charging process
  • the sampling time of the second minimum voltage is the second sampling time
  • the Lth charging process is any charging process in the previous k-1 charging process
  • the first period is the period after the first sampling moment
  • the second period is the period after the second sampling moment
  • the duration of the first period Equal to the duration of the second period.
  • the internal resistance of the battery will increase, and when switching from high-current charging to low-current charging, the battery voltage will gradually drop. If the voltage of the battery does not drop but increases during this switching process, it means that the internal resistance of the battery has decreased, which can further indicate that the battery is charged abnormally.
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell between the end time of the ith charging stage and the end time of the i+1th charging stage in the kth charging the corresponding first sampling time. Based on the same manner as described above, the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of another method for detecting abnormal charging according to an embodiment of the present application. The following takes charging a battery through a charging pile as an example for description, but the embodiment of the present application does not limit the charging method of the battery. As shown in FIG. 2 , the method includes the following steps.
  • Step 201 During the kth charging of the battery, the BMS acquires n consecutive sampled voltages of the first battery cell from the end time of the ith charging stage to the end time of the i+1th charging stage.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and the first battery cell is any one of the battery cells.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, i is greater than or equal to 1, k is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than 2.
  • the step-type charging method is often used to charge the battery at present, and any charging of the battery includes multiple charging stages.
  • the charging current in each charging stage is constant, and the charging current in the previous charging stage is greater than the charging current in the subsequent charging stage.
  • each time the battery is charged it needs to be charged with a larger charging current for one stage, and then the larger charging current is switched to a smaller charging current for another stage of charging, and so on, to complete the battery's charging.
  • Single charge In this way, there will be multiple current switching in each charging of the battery, a current switching point exists between two adjacent charging stages, and the current switching point corresponds to the end time of the previous charging stage.
  • the k-th charging of the battery may include a first charging stage, a second charging stage, and a third charging stage.
  • the charging current in the first charging stage may be 300A (Ampere)
  • the charging current in the second charging stage may be 200A
  • the charging current in the third charging stage may be 150A.
  • the charging current is switched from 300A to 200A in the first current switching
  • the charging current is switched from 200A to 150A in the second current switching.
  • the end time of the first charging stage corresponds to the first current switching point
  • the end time of the second charging stage corresponds to the second current switching point. It can be understood that, the above charging stage and charging current may be set or adjusted based on system design or requirements, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the BMS can obtain the continuously sampled voltage of any cell in the battery, and can obtain the continuous sampled voltage of the cell between any two adjacent current switching points.
  • This embodiment of the present application can determine that the k-th charging of the battery is abnormal according to the continuous sampling voltage of any cell in the battery between any two adjacent current switching points, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS can collect n consecutive sampled voltages between any two adjacent current switching points of any cell in the battery in real time.
  • the The sampling interval can be preset, and the voltage is collected once every preset sampling interval to obtain n consecutive sampling voltages.
  • the sampling interval may be 100ms (milliseconds), 110ms, 150ms, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the consecutive n sampling voltages may be the i-th charging stage in the k-th charging All sampled voltages from the end time to the end time of the i+1th charging stage.
  • the consecutive n sampled voltages may also be part of the sampled voltages from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage in the k-th charging, but regardless of the number of these sampled voltages
  • This part of the continuous sampling voltage should include the first minimum voltage corresponding to the first sampling time, the sampling voltage that is continuous with the first minimum voltage collected before the first sampling time, and the first minimum voltage collected after the first sampling time. Voltage Continuous sampling voltage.
  • the number of sampling voltages that are collected after the first sampling time and that are continuous with the first minimum voltage included in this part of the sampling voltages may be greater than or equal to 2, so as to avoid fluctuations in the sampling voltage and reduce the number of n samples determined in step 202 below The accuracy of the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage among the voltages.
  • the end time of the i-th charging stage corresponds to the first sampling voltage
  • the first sampling time between the end time of the i-th charging stage and the end time of the i+1-th charging stage corresponds to the fourth sampling voltage (ie, the first minimum voltage), ...
  • the end time of the i+1-th charging stage corresponds to the sixth sampling voltage sampling voltage.
  • the BMS can obtain the six consecutive sampling voltages, and detect the abnormality of the k-th charging of the battery according to the six consecutive sampling voltages. It is also possible to obtain part of the continuous sampled voltages in the six continuous sampled voltages, and to detect the abnormality of the kth charging of the battery according to the part of the continuous sampled voltages.
  • the part of the continuous sampling voltage may be three consecutive sampling voltages, and the three consecutive sampling voltages may include the third sampling voltage to the fifth sampling voltage.
  • This part of the sampling voltage may also be four consecutive sampling voltages, and the four consecutive sampling voltages may include the third sampling voltage to the sixth sampling voltage, and may also include the second sampling voltage to the fifth sampling voltage.
  • This part of the sampling voltage may also be five consecutive sampling voltages, and the five consecutive sampling voltages may include the second sampling voltage to the sixth sampling voltage, and may also include the first sampling voltage to the fifth sampling voltage.
  • the charging current in the i-th charging stage is the first current
  • the charging current in the i+1-th charging stage is the second current
  • the first current is greater than the second current
  • the difference between the first current and the second current is
  • the voltage characteristic signal of n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage will not be obvious, which is not conducive to accurately judging the abnormality of the k-th charging.
  • the current excitation can be added between the first current and the second current to amplify the voltage characteristic signal.
  • the BMS can preset the current threshold, and compare the difference between the first current and the second current. The current difference is compared to a current threshold. If the current difference between the first current and the second current is greater than the current threshold, the first current is directly switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the first current is switched to the second current reaches the m+n-1th sampling time At the sampling moment, n sampling voltages are obtained.
  • the first current is switched to the third current, and then the third current is switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the third current is switched to the second current to the mth sampling time At m+n-1 sampling time, n sampling voltages are obtained, and the third current is greater than the first current.
  • the third current can be set to 100A, the current can be switched from 30A to 100A first, and then the current can be switched from 100A to 25A to realize the switching from the first current to the second current.
  • Step 202 The BMS determines a first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage among the n sampling voltages according to the n consecutive sampling voltages.
  • the BMS may sort the consecutive n sampled voltages in descending order, and determine the sampled voltage with the last ranking as the first minimum voltage, and the first minimum voltage corresponds to the first minimum voltage.
  • the sampling moment is determined as the first sampling moment.
  • the number of the consecutive n sampled voltages is 5, and the consecutive 5 sampled voltages are respectively 180V (volts), 165V, 125V, 139V and 150V according to the sampling time sequence.
  • the order of the five consecutive sampling voltages is 180V>165V>150V>139V>125V, and 125V is the last sampling voltage, so 125V can be determined as the first minimum voltage, and the sampling time corresponding to 125V is determined as the first a sampling time.
  • any one of the multiple minimum sampling voltages can be sampled.
  • the first minimum voltage may be determined as the first minimum voltage
  • the sampling voltage at the front of the sampling time among the plurality of minimum sampling voltages may also be determined as the first minimum voltage
  • the sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage may be determined as the first sampling time.
  • the number of the consecutive n sampled voltages is 5, and the 5 sampled voltages are respectively 180V, 165V, 139V, 139V and 139V according to the sampling time sequence.
  • There are 3 minimum sampling voltages of 139V 139V can be determined as the first minimum voltage, and the 139V with the highest sampling time among the 3 139Vs The corresponding sampling time is determined as the first sampling time.
  • the consecutive n sampling voltages include the mth sampling voltage at the mth sampling time to the m+n-1th sampling voltage at the m+n-1th sampling time.
  • the BMS can implement step 202 through the following steps (1) to (3):
  • Step (1) Determine the mth sampling voltage at the mth sampling time as the minimum voltage.
  • Step (2) If the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time is less than the sampling voltage at the m+j-1th sampling time, update the minimum voltage with the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time.
  • the jth is greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to n-2, and m is greater than or equal to 1.
  • an initial value can be assigned to the minimum voltage, and then the subsequent sampling voltages are compared with the initial value.
  • the real value of the minimum voltage is determined cyclically, the real value is determined as the first minimum voltage, and the sampling time corresponding to the real value is determined as the first sampling time.
  • n is equal to 5, and assuming m is equal to 1, the first sampling voltage at the first sampling time in the five consecutive sampling voltages is 180V, and the second sampling time is 180V.
  • the second sampling voltage is 165V
  • the third sampling voltage at the third sampling time is 125V
  • the fourth sampling voltage at the fourth sampling time is 139V
  • the fifth sampling voltage at the fifth sampling time is 150V.
  • the first sampling voltage 180V at the first moment may be determined as the minimum voltage through step (1).
  • step (2) since the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time is less than 180V, the minimum voltage is updated with the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time, that is, the minimum voltage is updated from 180V to 165V .
  • step (3) since the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time is greater than the sampling voltage 125V at the third sampling time, the process returns to step (2).
  • step (2) since the sampling voltage 125V at the third sampling time is less than 165V, the minimum voltage is updated with the sampling voltage 125V at the third sampling time, that is, the minimum voltage is updated from 165V to 125V .
  • step (3) since the sampling voltage 125V at the third sampling time is smaller than the sampling voltage 139V at the fourth sampling time, and also smaller than the sampling voltage 150V at the fifth sampling time, the third sampling time is determined as the first sampling time, 125V was determined as the first minimum voltage.
  • n is equal to 5, and assuming m is equal to 1, the first sampling voltage at the first sampling time in the five consecutive sampling voltages is 180V, and the second sampling time is 180V.
  • the second sampling voltage is 165V
  • the third sampling voltage at the third sampling time is 139V
  • the fourth sampling voltage at the fourth sampling time is 139V
  • the fifth sampling voltage at the fifth sampling time is 139V.
  • the first sampling voltage 180V at the first moment may be determined as the minimum voltage through step (1).
  • step (2) since the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time is less than 180V, the minimum voltage is updated with the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time, that is, the minimum voltage is updated from 180V to 165V .
  • step (3) since the sampling voltage 165V at the second sampling time is greater than the sampling voltage 139V at the third sampling time, the process returns to step (2).
  • step (2) since the sampling voltage 139V at the third sampling time is less than 165V, the minimum voltage is updated with the sampling voltage 139V at the third sampling time, that is, the minimum voltage is updated from 165V to 139V .
  • step (3) since the sampling voltage 139V at the third sampling time is equal to the sampling voltage 139V at the fourth sampling time, and is also equal to the sampling voltage 139V at the fifth sampling time, the third sampling time is determined as the first sampling time. 139V was determined as the first minimum voltage.
  • the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage can be determined, and the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage can be reduced.
  • the number of sampling voltages required at the sampling moment can improve the efficiency of determining the first sampling moment corresponding to the first minimum voltage, and can also reduce the data processing pressure in the process.
  • the present application can determine the voltage of the first cell according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage in the k-th charging process.
  • the BMS can determine the second minimum voltage of the first battery cell during the charging process in the manner of the above k-th charging process, and the corresponding value of the second minimum voltage The second sampling time.
  • the second minimum voltage is the minimum voltage of the first cell in the continuous sampling period from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage in the L-th charging process
  • the L-th charging process is the first k- Any charging process in 1 charging process.
  • Step 203 The BMS determines that the k-th charging is abnormal according to the first minimum voltage and the second minimum voltage.
  • the battery voltage will gradually drop when switching from high-current charging to low-current charging. If the voltage of the battery does not drop but increases during this switching process, it means that the internal resistance of the battery has decreased, which can further indicate that the battery is charged abnormally. Therefore, it can be determined whether the k-th charging is abnormal or not according to the magnitude relationship between the first minimum voltage of the k-th charging process and the second minimum voltage of any one of the previous k-1 charging processes.
  • step 203 may be: if the first minimum voltage is greater than the second minimum voltage, determine that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the BMS may determine that the k-th charging is abnormal when it is determined that the first minimum voltage is greater than the second minimum voltage. And the BMS may determine that the k-th charging is abnormal when it is determined that the first minimum voltage in the k-th charging process is greater than the second minimum voltage in any charging process in the previous k-1 times. For example, assuming that k is equal to 3, the first minimum voltage determined by the BMS according to the sampling voltage in the third charging process is 125V, and the second minimum voltage determined according to the sampling voltage in the first charging process is 120V. The second minimum voltage determined by the sampling voltage of the charging process is 110V. Since 125V is greater than 120V, the BMS determines that the k-th charge is abnormal. Alternatively, since 125V is greater than 110V, the BMS determines that the k-th charge is abnormal.
  • the BMS may also determine the k-th charging abnormality in other ways according to the first minimum voltage and the second minimum voltage, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 204 The BMS determines that the k-th charging is abnormal according to the change rate of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the k-th charging process and the change rate of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the L-th charging process.
  • the first period is a period after the first sampling moment
  • the second period is a period after the second sampling moment
  • the duration of the first period is equal to the duration of the second period.
  • the start time of the first time period may be the first sampling time
  • the end time of the first time period may be the first sampling time after the first sampling time, or the second or third sampling time after the first sampling time. time to wait.
  • the start time of the second time period may be the second sampling time
  • the end time of the second time period may be the first sampling time after the second sampling time, or the second or third sampling time after the second sampling time time to wait.
  • This embodiment of the present application does not limit this, as long as it is ensured that the duration of the first period is equal to the duration of the second period, so that the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period during the kth charging process is the same as that in the second period during the Lth charging process.
  • the rate of change of the sampling voltage can be comparable.
  • the end time of the first time period is at least the second sampling time after the first sampling time
  • the end time of the second time period is at least the second sampling time after the second sampling time, so as to avoid the fluctuation of the sampling voltage.
  • the internal resistance of the battery can be measured by the rate of change of the sampled voltage with time, so it can be measured by the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process and the change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process. The relationship between the rate and the magnitude of the rate, to determine whether the k-th charge is abnormal.
  • step 204 may be: if the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time in the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time in the Lth charging process, then determine the kth The secondary charging is abnormal.
  • the BMS may determine that the kth charging is abnormal when it is determined that the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time in the previous k-1 charging process. And the BMS can determine that the kth charging is abnormal when it is determined that the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during any one charging process in the previous k-1 times.
  • the rate of change of the sampling voltage in the first period determined by the BMS according to the sampling voltage in the third charging process is 4, and the sampling voltage in the second period determined according to the sampling voltage in the first charging process is 4.
  • the rate of change of the sampling voltage is 4.5, and the rate of change of the sampling voltage within the second period determined according to the sampling voltage of the second charging process is 5. Since 4 is less than 4.5, the BMS determines that the k-th charge is abnormal. Alternatively, since 4 is less than 5, the BMS determines that the k-th charge is abnormal.
  • the BMS determines the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period during the kth charging process, it can subtract the first minimum voltage from the last sampled voltage in the first period to obtain the first voltage difference, and then calculate the first voltage The difference is divided by the duration of the first period to obtain the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period during the kth charging process.
  • the BMS determines the rate of change of the sampling voltage in the second period during the L-th charging process, it can subtract the second minimum voltage from the last sampling voltage in the second period to obtain the second voltage difference, and then calculate the second voltage difference.
  • the voltage difference is divided by the duration of the second period to obtain the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period during the Lth charging process.
  • the BMS can also determine the abnormality of the k-th charging in other ways according to the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the k-th charging process and the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the L-th charging process. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the internal resistance of the battery will increase.
  • the internal resistance of the battery can be measured by the rate of change of the sampled voltage over time. Therefore, based on this rule, when the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the second time during the Lth charging process The rate of change of the sampled voltage during the time period is used to determine the k-th charging abnormality, and the accuracy of detecting the charging abnormality is high, which can effectively reduce the misjudgment rate.
  • the first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage in the k-th charging process and the second sampling time of any one of the previous k-1 charging processes are determined through steps 201 and 202.
  • the k-th charging abnormality can be determined only by step 203, the k-th charging abnormality can also be determined only by step 204, or the k-th charging abnormality can be determined by both steps 203 and 204. , which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the BMS can detect and obtain the sampling voltage of each cell in the battery, and can determine whether the battery is abnormally charged according to the sampling voltage of any cell. Therefore, the present application can not only accurately determine the battery Whether there is a charging abnormality, and it can be determined which cell in the battery specifically causes the charging abnormality. For example, if the BMS determines that the k-th charging is abnormal according to the sampled voltage of the first cell, it can be determined that the first cell of the battery causes the k-th charging abnormality of the battery.
  • the following steps 205 and 206 may be used to control the charging of the battery, so as to avoid the safety problem caused by continuing to charge the battery after the abnormal charging of the battery.
  • Step 205 the BMS updates the number of abnormal battery charging times to obtain the cumulative number of abnormal charging times.
  • the BMS After each time the BMS determines the abnormal charging, it can count and update the number of abnormal charging of the battery to obtain the cumulative number of abnormal charging. For example, when updating the number of times of abnormal charging of the battery, each time the abnormal charging is determined, the number of times of abnormal charging may be increased by a preset value.
  • the preset value can be 1, 2, 3 and so on. For example, before the kth charging, the counted number of abnormal battery charging is 2. If it is determined that the kth charging is abnormal and the preset value is 1, the number of abnormal charging can be increased by 1, and the cumulative number of abnormal charging is 3.
  • the BMS can detect and obtain the continuously sampled voltage of each cell in the battery, and can determine whether the battery is abnormally charged according to the continuous sampled voltage of any battery cell.
  • statistics can be performed according to different cells to obtain the accumulated abnormal charging times related to the cells. For example, assuming that the battery includes a first cell, a second cell and a third cell, before the k-th charge, the number of abnormal battery charging related to the first cell is 2, and the number of abnormal battery charging related to the second cell is 2. The number of times of abnormal charging related to the battery is 3, the number of times of abnormal charging related to the third battery cell is 0, and the preset value is 1.
  • the number of abnormal charging times related to the first battery cell can be increased by 1, and the cumulative number of abnormal charging times related to the first battery cell is 3. If the k-th charging abnormality is determined according to the sampled voltage of the second cell, the number of abnormal charging related to the second cell can be increased by 1, so that the cumulative number of abnormal charging related to the second cell is 4. If the k-th charging abnormality is determined according to the sampled voltage of the third cell, the number of abnormal charging related to the third cell can be increased by 1, so that the cumulative number of abnormal charging related to the third cell is 1.
  • each charging of the battery includes multiple charging stages and current switching points, and the abnormality of the K-th charging of the battery can be determined by the continuous sampling voltage between any two adjacent current switching points.
  • the number of abnormal charging this time is the most. Can only be updated once. Taking the first cell in the battery as an example, assuming that the kth charging of the battery includes the first current switching point, the second current switching point and the third current switching point, before the kth charging, the statistical battery The number of abnormal charging is 2.
  • the k-th charging abnormality is determined according to the continuous sampling voltage between the first current switching point and the second current switching point, it is also determined according to the continuous sampling voltage between the second current switching point and the third current switching point.
  • the k-th abnormal charge is abnormal, and the preset value is 1, the number of abnormal charging can only be updated once, and the cumulative number of abnormal charging is 3, but the number of abnormal charging cannot be updated twice, and the cumulative number of abnormal charging cannot be updated. Update to 4.
  • Step 206 When the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed the preset times, the BMS stops charging the battery.
  • the preset number of times may be set in advance, and the preset number of times may be set as required, for example, the preset number of times may be 5, 6, and so on.
  • the BMS can determine whether the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed the preset times, and when it is determined that the accumulated abnormal charging times exceeds the preset times, it stops charging the battery, otherwise, it can continue to charge the battery. In this way, the battery can be safely charged.
  • the BMS can communicate with the charging pile, and the abnormal charging detection device can be provided with a charging socket.
  • the charging pile controls the charging gun to be inserted into the charging socket, the battery in the abnormal charging detection device can be charged.
  • the charging pile controls the charging gun to be pulled out from the charging socket, the charging of the battery in the abnormal charging detection device can be ended.
  • the BMS determines that the cumulative number of abnormal charging times exceeds the preset number of times, it can send an indication of the end of charging to the charging pile.
  • the charging pile can receive the instruction, and according to the instruction, control the charging gun to be pulled out from the charging socket to stop charging the battery.
  • the BMS determines that the cumulative number of abnormal charging times is less than or equal to the preset number, it will not send an indication of the end of charging to the charging pile, and the charging pile will not control the charging gun to be pulled out of the charging socket, so that the battery can continue to be charged.
  • the embodiment of the present application sets a preset number of times, and stops charging the battery when the accumulated abnormal charging times exceeds the preset number of times, which can ensure the safe charging of the battery. And only when the cumulative number of abnormal charging times exceeds the preset number, the BMS stops charging the battery, which avoids the misjudgment of abnormal battery charging due to fluctuations in the sampling voltage.
  • the BMS determines that the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed the preset times, it can also issue a safety alarm to communicate the abnormal charging information in time.
  • the battery in the embodiments of the present application may be provided with an alarm device, and the alarm device may communicate with the BMS.
  • the BMS determines that the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed the preset times, it can send an alarm indication to the alarm device.
  • the alarm device can receive the instruction and issue an alarm according to the instruction.
  • the alarm device may include at least one of a buzzer and an alarm light.
  • the BMS may send an alarm indication to the buzzer and the alarm light simultaneously or sequentially when it is determined that the accumulated abnormal charging times exceed a preset number of times.
  • the buzzer receives the instruction, it can beep at a certain frequency.
  • the warning light receives the instruction, the warning light can be controlled to light up, or the warning light can be controlled to flash at a certain frequency. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell between the end time of the ith charging stage and the end time of the i+1th charging stage in the kth charging the corresponding first sampling time. Based on the same manner as described above, the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting abnormal charging provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus for detecting abnormal charging includes: a processing module 301 and a charging module 302 .
  • the processing module 301 is configured to obtain n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell from the end of the i-th charging stage to the end of the i+1-th charging stage in the kth charging of the battery, where the first cell is a battery
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, i is greater than or equal to 1, k is greater than or equal to 2, and n is greater than 2.
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to determine a first sampling time corresponding to the first minimum voltage among the n sampling voltages according to the n consecutive sampling voltages.
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to: according to the first minimum voltage and the second minimum voltage, and/or according to the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process and the sampling rate in the second period of time during the Lth charging process The rate of change of the voltage determines the abnormality of the k-th charge.
  • the second minimum voltage is the minimum voltage of the first cell between the end time of the i-th charging stage and the end time of the i+1-th charging stage in the Lth charging process
  • the sampling time of the second minimum voltage is the second sampling time
  • the Lth charging process is any charging process in the previous k-1 charging process
  • the first period is the period after the first sampling moment
  • the second period is the period after the second sampling moment
  • the duration of the first period Equal to the duration of the second period.
  • the n consecutive sampling voltages include the mth sampling voltage at the mth sampling time to the m+n-1th sampling voltage at the m+n-1th sampling time
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to: The mth sampling voltage is determined as the minimum voltage; if the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time is less than the sampling voltage at the m+j-1th sampling time, the minimum voltage is updated with the sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time; if The sampling voltage at the m+jth sampling time is less than or equal to the sampling voltage from the m+j+1th time to the m+n-1th sampling time, then the m+jth sampling time is determined as the first minimum voltage corresponding to the first minimum voltage.
  • the jth is greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to n-2, and m is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to: if the first minimum voltage is greater than the second minimum voltage, determine that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to: if the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the first period of time during the kth charging process is smaller than the rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time during the Lth charging process, then determine the kth rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second period of time. Abnormal charging.
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to: update the times of abnormal charging of the battery to obtain the accumulated times of abnormal charging.
  • the device for detecting abnormal charging further includes: a charging module 302, configured to stop charging the battery when the cumulative number of abnormal charging exceeds a preset number.
  • the charging current in the i-th charging stage is the first current
  • the charging current in the i+1-th charging stage is the second current
  • the first current is greater than the second current
  • the processing module 301 is further configured to:
  • the first current is directly switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the first current is switched to the second current reaches the m+n-1th sampling time Obtain n sampling voltages at the sampling time;
  • the first current is switched to the third current, and then the third current is switched to the second current, and the mth sampling time after the third current is switched to the second current to the mth sampling time At m+n-1 sampling time, n sampling voltages are obtained, and the third current is greater than the first current.
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined according to the n consecutive sampled voltages of the first cell between the end time of the ith charging stage and the end time of the i+1th charging stage in the kth charging the corresponding first sampling time. Based on the same manner as described above, the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.
  • each unit in the above apparatus can be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element; also can all be realized in the form of hardware; some units can also be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element, and some units can be realized in the form of hardware.
  • each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a certain chip of the device to be implemented, and can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program, which can be called by a certain processing element of the device and execute the unit's processing. Function.
  • each step of the above method or each of the above units may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processing element or implemented in the form of software being invoked by the processing element.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including the device for detecting abnormal charging provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 .
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a charging device, the charging device is used for charging a battery, and the charging device includes the abnormal charging detection device provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 above.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for detecting abnormal charging provided by the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 is implemented.
  • Computer-readable storage media may include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc., are not limited here.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for detecting abnormal charging provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus for detecting abnormal charging includes: a processor 410 , a memory 420 , and an interface 430 .
  • the processor 410 , the memory 420 and the interface 430 are connected by a bus 440 , which can be implemented by connecting a circuit.
  • the memory 420 is used for storing a program, and when the program is called by the processor 410, the method executed by the apparatus for detecting abnormal charging in the above embodiment can be implemented.
  • the interface 430 is used to implement communication with other abnormal charging detection devices, and the interface 430 can communicate with other abnormal charging detection devices through wired connection or wireless connection.
  • each unit of the above apparatus for detecting abnormal charging may be implemented by the processor 410 calling the program stored in the memory 420 . That is, the above apparatus for detecting abnormal charging includes a processor 410 and a memory 420.
  • the memory 420 is used for storing a program, and the program is called by the processor 410 to execute the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the processor 410 here may be a general-purpose processor, or other processors that can call programs; or the processor 410 may be configured to implement one or more integrations of the method for executing the apparatus for detecting abnormal charging in the above embodiments Circuits, such as: one or more specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or, one or more microprocessors (digital singnal processor, DSP), or, or one or more field programmable gate arrays (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • DSP digital singnal processor
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the processor 410 can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a controller, a microcontroller computer, microcontroller, or other processor that can call programs.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • controller a controller
  • microcontroller computer a microcontroller
  • microcontroller a processor that can call programs.
  • these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-chip.
  • the number of the memory 420 is not limited, and may be one or more.
  • the memory 420 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, and the readable storage medium includes non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory) or volatile memory, for example, flash memory (flash memory), hard disk, multimedia card, card type Memory (for example, SD or DX memory, etc.), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable read-only memory, PROM), magnetic memory, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.
  • RAM can include Static RAM or Dynamic RAM.
  • memory 420 may be the device's internal memory, eg, the device's hard disk or memory. In other embodiments, the memory 420 may also be an external storage device of the device, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card equipped on the device Or flash card (Flash Card) and so on. Of course, the memory 420 may also include both the internal memory of the apparatus and its external storage device. In this embodiment, the memory 420 is generally used to store the operating system and various application software installed in the device, such as program codes of a method for detecting abnormal charging, and the like. In addition, the memory 420 may also be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or will be output.
  • the memory 420 may also be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or will be output.
  • the bus 440 may be an industry standard architecture (Industry Standard Architecture, ISA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect standard (Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (Extended Industry Standard Architecture, EISA) bus or the like.
  • the bus 440 may include an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, or the like. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the processor 410 is typically used to control the overall operation of the device.
  • the memory 420 is used to store program codes or instructions
  • the program codes include computer operation instructions
  • the processor 410 is used to execute the program codes or instructions stored in the memory 420 or process data, such as program codes for running a method for detecting abnormal charging .
  • the first minimum voltage among the n sampled voltages is determined to correspond to the first sampling time.
  • the second sampling time corresponding to the second minimum voltage of any charging process in the first k-1 times can be determined.
  • the kth charging is abnormal, or, according to the change rate of the sampling voltage in the first period after the first sampling time in the kth charging process and the The rate of change of the sampled voltage in the second time period after the second sampling time in any charging process determines that the kth charging is abnormal.
  • the charging current of the i-th charging stage is greater than the charging current of the i+1-th charging stage, according to the change of the sampled voltage in the process of switching the battery from high-current charging to low-current charging, and/or, the rate of change of the sampled voltage
  • the change of the k-th charging is abnormal, the accuracy of detecting the abnormal charging is high, and the misjudgment rate can be effectively reduced.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种充电异常的检测方法、装置及存储介质，属于电池充电技术领域。本申请根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。

Description

充电异常的检测方法、装置及存储介质 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电异常的检测方法、装置及存储介质。
背景技术
锂离子电池因其具有较高的能量密度而广泛用于消费类电子产品中，且随着动力车辆的发展，锂离子电池组作为动力能源已经成为目前锂离子电池的发展趋势。锂离子电池组管理系统(Battery Management system，简称BMS)作为对锂离子电池组的充放电循环控制管理的应用系统，控制锂离子电池组按照一定的模式进行充放电。然而随着电池的老化，电池的性能会衰退，后续电池充电时可能存在安全风险，因此有必要检测电池的充电过程是否存在异常。
目前，BMS常通过如下两种方式检测电池充电过程是否存在异常。第一种方式：当电池中任一电芯在某次充电过程的最大电压和最小电压的压差大于电压阈值，则认为该电芯所在的电池在该次充电过程中存在异常。第二种方式：电池在某次充电过程中，任一电芯的电压突然下降，认为是电压的异常衰减，从而认为该电芯所在的电池在该次充电过程中存在异常。
然而，相关技术粗略地将整个充电过程中电压的异常变化等同于电池充电异常，准确性不高，误判率高。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池、用电装置、电池的充电方法及装置，保证电池满充后可放出的容量不会随着电池的老化而衰减。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种充电异常的检测方法，该方法包括：
在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，第一电芯为电池中的任意一个电芯，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，i大于或等于1，k大于或等于2，n大于2；
根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻；
根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常；
其中，第二最小电压是第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，第二最小电压的采样时刻是第二采样时刻，第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；第一时段是第一采样时刻之后的时段，第二时段是第二采样时刻之后的时段，第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长。
本申请实施例中，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高， 能有效降低误判率。
可选地，连续n个采样电压包括第m采样时刻的第m采样电压至第m+n-1采样时刻的第m+n-1采样电压，根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻包括：
将第m采样时刻的第m采样电压，确定为最小电压；
若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于第m+j-1采样时刻的采样电压，则用第m+j采样时刻的采样电压更新最小电压；
若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于或等于第m+j+1时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻的采样电压，则将第m+j采样时刻确定为第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，第j大于或等于1，且小于或等于n-2，m大于或等于1。
本申请实施例中，通过上述动态的循环步骤，边获取采样电压，边确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，可以减少确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻所需的采样电压的个数，从而可以提高确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻的效率，还可以减少该过程中的数据处理压力。
可选地，根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常包括：
若第一最小电压大于第二最小电压，则确定第k次充电异常。
由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，电池的内阻会变大，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的电压会逐步下降。如果在此切换过程中，电池的电压没有下降反而增大了，则表明电池内阻减小了，可以进一步表明电池充电异常。本申请实施例中，当第k次充电过程的第一最小电压大于前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压，则确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
可选地，根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常包括：
若第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过 程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常。
本申请实施例中，由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的内阻会变大。而电池的内阻可以通过采样电压随时间的变化率来衡量，因此本申请基于该规律，当第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
可选地，该方法还包括：
更新电池充电异常的次数，得到累计充电异常次数；
当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，停止对电池充电。
本申请实施例中，当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时停止对电池充电，可以保证电池安全充电。且只有当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，BMS才停止对电池充电，避免了由于采样电压有波动而误判电池充电异常的情况下误停止对电池的充电。
可选地，第i充电阶段的充电电流为第一电流，第i+1充电阶段的充电电流为第二电流，第一电流大于第二电流，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压包括：
若第一电流与第二电流的电流差大于电流阈值，则直接将第一电流切换至第二电流，且在第一电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压；
若电流差小于或等于电流阈值，则先将第一电流切换至第三电流，再将第三电流切换至第二电流，且在第三电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压，第三电流大于第一电流。
本申请实施例中，当第一电流与第二电流的电流差小于或等于电流阈值时，先将第一电流切换至较大的第三电流，再将第三电流切换至第二电流，且在第三电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取 n个采样电压，可以放大采样电压特征信号，便于准确判断第k次充电异常。
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供了一种充电异常的检测装置，该装置包括：
处理模块，用于在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，第一电芯为电池中的任意一个电芯，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，i大于或等于1，k大于或等于2，n大于2；
处理模块，还用于根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻；
处理模块，还用于根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常；
其中，第二最小电压是第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，第二最小电压的采样时刻是第二采样时刻，第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；第一时段是第一采样时刻之后的时段，第二时段是第二采样时刻之后的时段，第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长。
可选地，连续n个采样电压包括第m采样时刻的第m采样电压至第m+n-1采样时刻的第m+n-1采样电压，处理模块还用于：
将第m采样时刻的第m采样电压，确定为最小电压；
若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于第m+j-1采样时刻的采样电压，则用第m+j采样时刻的采样电压更新最小电压；
若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于或等于第m+j+1时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻的采样电压，则将第m+j采样时刻确定为第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，第j大于或等于1，且小于或等于n-2，m大于或等于1。
可选地，处理模块还用于：
若第一最小电压大于第二最小电压，则确定第k次充电异常。
可选地，处理模块还用于：
若第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常。
可选地，处理模块还用于：
更新电池充电异常的次数，得到累计充电异常次数；
该充电异常的检测装置还包括：充电模块，用于当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，停止对电池充电。
可选地，第i充电阶段的充电电流为第一电流，第i+1充电阶段的充电电流为第二电流，第一电流大于第二电流，处理模块还用于：
若第一电流与第二电流的电流差大于电流阈值，则直接将第一电流切换至第二电流，且在第一电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压；
若电流差小于或等于电流阈值，则先将第一电流切换至第三电流，再将第三电流切换至第二电流，且在第三电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压，第三电流大于第一电流。
根据本申请实施例的第三方面，提供了一种电池，包括上述第二方面的充电异常的检测装置。
根据本申请实施例的第四方面，提供了一种充电设备，用于为电池充电，该充电设备包括上述第二方面的充电异常的检测装置。
根据本申请实施例的第五方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述第一方面的充电异常的检测方法。
根据本申请实施例的第六方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：
处理器；以及
存储器，用于存储处理器的可执行指令；
其中，处理器配置为经由执行可执行指令来执行上述第一方面的充电异常的检测方法。
本申请实施例中，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图做简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种充电异常的检测方法的流程示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电异常的检测方法的流程示意图。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种充电异常的检测装置的结构示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电异常的检测装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本 申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语“实施例”并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种充电异常的检测方法的流程示意图，该方法可以应用于充电异常的检测装置中，该装置包括主体以及设置于主体内的电池，电池用于提供电能。该装置可以是车辆，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆的主体设置有驱动电机，驱动电机与电池电连接，由电池提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆的主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动汽车行进。或者，该装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。
本申请实施例中的电池，从电池的种类而言，可以是锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。从电池的规模而言，可以是电芯或电池单体，也可以是电池模组或电池包，在本申请实施例中不做具体限定。另外，本申请实施例中的电池包括电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)，该方法具体可以应用于BMS中，当然，本申请实施例中BMS也可以是独立的装置或设备，通过该BMS可以按照本申请实施例提供的充电 异常的检测方法对电池的异常充电进行检测。如图1所示，该方法包括：
步骤101：在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压。
其中，第一电芯为电池中的任意一个电芯，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，i大于或等于1，k大于或等于2，n大于2。
步骤102：根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。
步骤103：根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。
其中，第二最小电压是第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，第二最小电压的采样时刻是第二采样时刻，第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；第一时段是第一采样时刻之后的时段，第二时段是第二采样时刻之后的时段，第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长。
随着电池充电循环次数的增加，电池的内阻会变大，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的电压会逐步下降。如果在此切换过程中，电池的电压没有下降反而增大了，则表明电池内阻减小了，可以进一步表明电池充电异常。
本申请实施例中，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异 常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
图2为本申请实施例提供的一另种充电异常的检测方法的流程示意图。下面以通过充电桩向电池充电为例进行说明，但本申请实施例对于电池的充电方式不作限定，如图2所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤201：在电池的第k次充电中，BMS获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压。
其中，电池包括多个电芯，第一电芯为电池中的任意一个电芯。第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，i大于或等于1，k大于或等于2，n大于2。
需要说明的是，当前常采用阶跃式充电方式对电池进行充电，对于电池的任意一次充电，均包括多个充电阶段。每个充电阶段的充电电流恒定，且前一个充电阶段的充电电流大于后一个充电阶段的充电电流。这样，电池的每次充电，需要先以一个较大的充电电流充电一个阶段，然后将这个较大的充电电流切换至较小的充电电流进行另一个阶段的充电，以此类推，完成电池的单次充电。如此，电池的每次充电中会存在多次电流切换，相邻两个充电阶段之间存在一个电流切换点，且电流切换点对应前一个充电阶段结束时刻。
例如，对于电池的第k次充电，可以包括第1充电阶段、第2充电阶段和第3充电阶段。第1充电阶段的充电电流可以是300A(安培)，第2充电阶段的充电电流可以是200A，第3充电阶段的充电电流可以是150A。这样，电池的第k次充电中存在2次电流切换和2个电流切换点，第1次电流切换时将充电电流从300A切换至200A，第2次电流切换时将充电电流从 200A切换至150A，第1充电阶段结束时刻对应第1个电流切换点，第2充电阶段结束时刻对应第2个电流切换点。可以理解的，上述充电阶段以及充电电流可以基于系统设计或要求进行设置或调整，本发明实施例不做限定。
另外，在电池的第k次充电中，BMS可以获取电池中任一电芯的连续采样电压，且可以获取该电芯在任意相邻两个电流切换点间的连续采样电压。本申请实施例根据电池中任一电芯在任意相邻两个电流切换点间的连续采样电压均能判断电池第k次充电异常，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
再者，在电池的第k次充电中，BMS可以实时采集该电池中任一电芯在任意相邻两个电流切换点之间的连续n个采样电压，当然，为了减少采样能耗，也可以预设采样间隔，每隔预设采样间隔采集一次电压，得到连续n个采样电压。示例地，采样间隔可以是100ms(毫秒)、110ms、150ms等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
其中，以第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的连续n个采样电压为例，该连续n个采样电压可以是第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的所有采样电压。为了减少数据处理压力，该连续n个采样电压也可以是第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的部分采样电压，但是不论这部分采样电压的个数是多少，这部分连续采样电压要包括第一采样时刻对应的第一最小电压、第一采样时刻之前采集的与第一最小电压连续的采样电压，以及第一采样时刻之后采集的与第一最小电压连续的采样电压。优选地，这部分采样电压中包括的第一采样时刻之后采集的与第一最小电压连续的采样电压的数量可以大于或等于2，这样可以避免采样电压波动而降低下面步骤202中确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻的准确率。
例如，假设电池的第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间之间有6个采样电压，且第i充电阶段结束时刻对应第1个采样电压，…，第i充电阶段结束时刻与第i+1充电阶段结束时刻之间的第一 采样时刻对应第4个采样电压(即，第一最小电压)，…，第i+1充电阶段结束时刻对应第6个采样电压。换句话说，按照时间顺序有连续的6个采样电压。那么本申请实施中BMS可以获取这连续的6个采样电压，根据这连续的6个采样电压检测电池第k次充电异常。也可以获取这连续的6个采样电压中的部分连续采样电压，根据这部分连续采样电压检测电池第k次充电异常。例如，这部分连续采样电压可以是连续3个采样电压，该连续3个采样电压可以包括第3个采样电压至第5个采样电压。这部分采样电压也可以是连续4个采样电压，该连续4个采样电压可以包括第3个采样电压至第6个采样电压，也可以包括第2个采样电压至第5个采样电压。这部分采样电压还可以是连续5个采样电压，该连续5个采样电压可以包括第2个采样电压至第6个采样电压，也可以包括第1个采样电压至第5个采样电压。
在一些实施例中，假设第i充电阶段的充电电流为第一电流，第i+1充电阶段的充电电流为第二电流，第一电流大于第二电流，但是第一电流与第二电流的电流差较小时，从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压的电压特性信号将不明显，将不利于准确判断第k次充电异常，因此可以在第一电流和第二电流之间增加电流激励，来放大电压特征信号。
具体地，BMS在获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压时，可以预设电流阈值，将第一电流与第二电流的电流差与电流阈值相比较。若第一电流与第二电流的电流差大于电流阈值，则直接将第一电流切换至第二电流，且在第一电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压。若电流差小于或等于电流阈值，则先将第一电流切换至第三电流，再将第三电流切换至第二电流，且在第三电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压，第三电流大于第一电流。
例如，电流阈值为70A，第一电流为30A，第二电流为25A，由于30A 减去25A等于5A，而5A小于70A，如果直接将电流从30A切换至25A，在电流从30A切换至25A之后获取的采样电压的电压特性信号将不明显，不利于准确判断第k次充电异常。因此可以设置第三电流为100A，先将电流由30A切换至100A，再将电流由100A切换至25A，实现从第一电流到第二电流的切换。由于100A减去25A等于75A，且75A大于70A，所以在电流由100A切换至25A之后获取的采样电压的电压特性信号将比较明显，便于准确判断第k次充电异常。
步骤202：BMS根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。
在一种可能的实现方式中，BMS可以对该连续n个采样电压按照从大到小的顺序排序，将排序最靠后的采样电压确定为第一最小电压，将该第一最小电压对应的采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻。在第一示例中，该连续n个采样电压的个数为5，且这连续5个采样电压按照采样时刻的先后分别为180V(伏特)、165V、125V、139V和150V。这连续5个采样电压的大小排序为180V>165V>150V>139V>125V，125V是排序最靠后的采样电压，因此可以将125V确定为第一最小电压，将125V对应的采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻。
当该连续n个采样电压中最小采样电压有多个时，换句话说，该连续n个采样电压中最后几个采样电压相同时，那么可以将该多个最小采样电压中的任意一个采样电压确定为第一最小电压，也可以将该多个最小采样电压中采样时刻最靠前的采样电压确定为第一最小电压，将第一最小电压对应的采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻。在第二示例中，该连续n个采样电压的个数为5，且这5个采样电压按照采样时刻的先后分别为180V、165V、139V、139V和139V。这5个采样电压的大小排序为180V>165V>139V＝139V＝139V，最小采样电压139V有3个，可以将139V确定为第一最小电压，将这3个139V中采样时刻最靠前的139V对应的采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻。
在另一种可能的方式中，该连续n个采样电压包括第m采样时刻的第m采样电压至第m+n-1采样时刻的第m+n-1采样电压。BMS可以通过如下步骤(1)至步骤(3)实现步骤202：
步骤(1)：将第m采样时刻的第m采样电压，确定为最小电压。步骤(2)：若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于第m+j-1采样时刻的采样电压，则用第m+j采样时刻的采样电压更新最小电压。步骤(3)：若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于或等于第m+j+1时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻的采样电压，则将第m+j采样时刻确定为第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，第j大于或等于1，且小于或等于n-2，m大于或等于1。
需要说明的是，为了确定出连续n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，可以先给最小电压赋初值，然后将后面的采样电压与初值做比较，经过多次循环确定出最小电压的真实值，将该真实值确定为第一最小电压，将该真实值对应的采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻。
在第一种情况下，参照上面第一示例中的数值举例，n等于5，假设m等于1，这连续5个采样电压中第1采样时刻的第1采样电压为180V，第2采样时刻的第2采样电压为165V，第3采样时刻的第3采样电压为125V，第4采样时刻的第4采样电压为139V，第5采样时刻的第5采样电压为150V。则可以先通过步骤(1)将第1时刻的第1采样电压180V确定为最小电压。当j＝1时，在步骤(2)中，由于第2采样时刻的采样电压165V小于180V，所以用第2采样时刻的采样电压165V更新最小电压，也就是说，最小电压由180V更新为165V。在步骤(3)中，由于第2采样时刻的采样电压165V大于第3采样时刻的采样电压125V，所以返回执行步骤(2)。当j＝2时，在步骤(2)中，由于第3采样时刻的采样电压125V小于165V，所以用第3采样时刻的采样电压125V更新最小电压，也就是说，最小电压由165V更新为125V。在步骤(3)中，由于第3采样时刻的采样电压125V小于第4采样时刻的采样电压139V，还小于第5采样时刻的采样电压150V，所以将第3采 样时刻确定为第一采样时刻，将125V确定为第一最小电压。
在第二种情况下，参照上面第二示例中的数值举例，n等于5，假设m等于1，这连续5个采样电压中第1采样时刻的第1采样电压为180V，第2采样时刻的第2采样电压为165V，第3采样时刻的第3采样电压为139V，第4采样时刻的第4采样电压为139V，第5采样时刻的第5采样电压为139V。则可以先通过步骤(1)将第1时刻的第1采样电压180V确定为最小电压。当j＝1时，在步骤(2)中，由于第2采样时刻的采样电压165V小于180V，所以用第2采样时刻的采样电压165V更新最小电压，也就是说，最小电压由180V更新为165V。在步骤(3)中，由于第2采样时刻的采样电压165V大于第3采样时刻的采样电压139V，所以返回执行步骤(2)。当j＝2时，在步骤(2)中，由于第3采样时刻的采样电压139V小于165V，所以用第3采样时刻的采样电压139V更新最小电压，也就是说，最小电压由165V更新为139V。在步骤(3)中，由于第3采样时刻的采样电压139V等于第4采样时刻的采样电压139V，还等于第5采样时刻的采样电压139V，所以将第3采样时刻确定为第一采样时刻，将139V确定为第一最小电压。
值得说明的是，通过上述步骤(1)至步骤(3)动态的循环步骤，边获取采样电压，边确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，可以减少确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻所需的采样电压的个数，从而可以提高确定第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻的效率，还可以减少该过程中的数据处理压力。
另需说明的是，本申请根据第k次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，可以确定出第一电芯的连续n个采样电压中的第一最小电压，以及第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。对于电池的前k-1次中任一次充电过程，BMS均可以按照上述第k次充电过程的方式，确定第一电芯在该充电过程中的第二最小电压，以及第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。其中，第二最小电压是第一电芯在第 L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间连续采样中的最小电压，第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程。之后，BMS可以将充电过程、采样阶段以及采样阶段中的最小电压及最小电压的采样时刻对应存储，以便后续使用。
步骤203：BMS根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常。
由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，电池的内阻会变大，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的电压会逐步下降。如果在此切换过程中，电池的电压没有下降反而增大了，则表明电池内阻减小了，可以进一步表明电池充电异常。因此可以通过第k次充电过程的第一最小电压与前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压的大小关系，判断第k次充电是否异常。
示例性地，步骤203的实现过程可以是：若第一最小电压大于第二最小电压，则确定第k次充电异常。
BMS可以在确定第一最小电压大于第二最小电压时，确定第k次充电异常。且BMS可以在确定第k次充电过程中的第一最小电压大于前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压时，确定第k次充电异常。例如，假设k等于3，BMS根据第3次充电过程中的采样电压确定的第一最小电压为125V，根据第1次充电过程中的采样电压确定的第二最小电压为120V，根据第2次充电过程的采样电压确定的第二最小电压为110V。由于125V大于120V，所以BMS确定第k次充电异常。或者，由于125V大于110V，所以BMS确定第k次充电异常。
实际应用中，BMS根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，还可以通过其它方式确定第k次充电异常，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
值得说明的是，由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的电压会逐步下降。本申请基于该规律，当第k次充电过程的第一最小电压大于前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压， 则确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
步骤204：BMS根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。
其中，第一时段是第一采样时刻之后的时段，第二时段是第二采样时刻之后的时段，第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长。第一时段的开始时刻可以是第一采样时刻，第一时段的结束时刻可以是第一采样时刻后的第1个采样时刻，也可以是第一采样时刻后的第2个、第3个采样时刻等。第二时段的开始时刻可以是第二采样时刻，第二时段的结束时刻可以是第二采样时刻后的第1个采样时刻，也可以是第二采样时刻后的第2个、第3个采样时刻等。本申请实施例对此不作限定，只要保证第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长，使第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率与第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率有可比性即可。优选地，第一时段的结束时刻是第一采样时刻后的至少第2个采样时刻，第二时段的结束时刻是第二采样时刻后的至少第2个采样时刻，这样可以避免采样电压波动而降低第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率的准确率。
由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，电池的内阻会变大，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的电压会逐步下降。如果在此切换过程中，电池的内阻没有变大反而减小了，可以进一步表明电池充电异常。而电池的内阻可以通过采样电压随时间的变化率来衡量，因此可以通过第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率的大小关系，判断第k次充电是否异常。
示例性地，步骤204的实现过程可以是：若第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常。
BMS可以在确定第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率小于 前k-1次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率时，确定第k次充电异常。且BMS可以在确定第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率小于前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率时，确定第k次充电异常。例如，假设k等于3，BMS根据第3次充电过程中的采样电压确定的第一时段内采样电压的变化率为4，根据第1次充电过程中的采样电压确定的第二时段内采样电压的变化率为4.5，根据第2次充电过程的采样电压确定的第二时段内采样电压的变化率为5。由于4小于4.5，所以BMS确定第k次充电异常。或者，由于4小于5，所以BMS确定第k次充电异常。
其中，BMS在确定第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率时，可以将第一时段的最后一个采样电压减去第一最小电压，得到第一电压差，然后将第一电压差除以第一时段的时长，得到第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率。同理，BMS在确定第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率时，可以将第二时段的最后一个采样电压减去第二最小电压，得到第二电压差，然后将第二电压差除以第二时段的时长，得到第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率。
实际应用中，BMS根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，还可以通过其它方式确定第k次充电异常，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
值得说明的是，由于随着电池充电循环次数的增加，当从大电流充电切换至小电流充电时，电池的内阻会变大。而电池的内阻可以通过采样电压随时间的变化率来衡量，因此本申请基于该规律，当第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
另需说明的是，本申请实施例在通过步骤201和步骤202确定出第k次充电过程中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻和前k-1次中任一次充电 过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻之后，可以仅通过步骤203确定第k次充电异常，也可以仅通过步骤204确定第k次充电异常，还可以同时通过步骤203和步骤204确定第k次充电异常，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
还需说明的是，本申请实施例中BMS可以检测并获取电池中每个电芯的采样电压，根据任意一个电芯的采样电压均可判断电池充电异常，因此，本申请不仅能准确判断电池是否存在充电异常，且可以确定具体是由电池中的哪个电芯引起的充电异常。例如，BMS根据第一电芯的采样电压确定第k次充电异常，则可以确定电池的第一电芯引起电池第k次充电异常。
本申请实施例在通过上述步骤确定第k次充电异常之后，还可以通过如下步骤205和步骤206对电池的充电进行控制，以避免电池充电异常之后还继续对电池充电而带来安全问题。
步骤205：BMS更新电池充电异常的次数，得到累计充电异常次数。
BMS在每次确定充电异常之后，可以对电池充电异常的次数进行统计并更新，得到累计充电异常次数。示例地，在更新电池充电异常的次数时，可以每确定一次充电异常，将充电异常的次数增加预设数值。该预设数值可以是1，2，3等。例如，在第k次充电之前，统计的电池充电异常的次数为2，如果确定第k次充电异常，且预设数值是1，则可以将充电异常的次数增加1，得到累计充电异常次数为3。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中BMS可以检测并获取电池中每个电芯的连续采样电压，根据任意一个电芯的连续采样电压均可判断电池充电异常，因此在对电池充电异常的次数进行统计的时候，可以按照不同电芯分别进行统计，得到与电芯相关的累计充电异常次数。例如，假设电池中包括第一电芯、第二电芯和第三电芯，在第k次充电之前，统计的与第一电芯相关的电池充电异常的次数为2，与第二电芯相关的电池充电异常的次数为3，与第三电芯相关的充电异常的次数为0，且预设数值是1。如果根据第一电芯的连续采样电压确定第k次充电异常，则可以将与第一电芯相关的充电异常的次数 增加1，得到与第一电芯相关的累计充电异常次数为3。如果根据第二电芯的采样电压确定第k次充电异常，则可以将与第二电芯相关的充电异常的次数增加1，得到与第二电芯相关的累计充电异常次数为4。如果根据第三电芯的采样电压确定第k次充电异常，则可以将与第三电芯相关的充电异常的次数增加1，得到与第三电芯相关的累计充电异常次数为1。
另需指出的是，电池的每次充电均包括多个充电阶段和电流切换点，且通过任意相邻两个电流切换点间的连续采样电压均可以判断电池第K次充电异常。但是在统计电池充电异常的次数时，对于同一个电芯，在一次充电过程中，不论是通过哪两个相邻电流切换点间的连续采样电压判断电池充电异常，本次充电异常的次数最多只能更新1次。以电池中的第一电芯为例，假设电池的第k次充电包括第1个电流切换点，第2个电流切换点和第3个电流切换点，在第k次充电之前，统计的电池充电异常的次数为2。如果根据第1个电流切换点与第2个电流切换点之间的连续采样电压确定第k次充电异常，根据第2个电流切换点和第3个电流切换点之间的连续采样电压也确定第k次充电异常，且预设数值是1，则只能将充电异常的次数更新1次，得到累计充电异常次数为3，而不能将充电异常的次数更新2次，不能将累计充电异常次数更新为4。
步骤206：当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，BMS停止对电池充电。
需要说明的是，预设次数可以预先进行设置，且预设次数可以根据需要进行设置，例如，预设次数可以是5，6等。BMS在得到累计充电异常次数之后，可以判断累计充电异常次数是否超过预设次数，当确定累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，停止对电池充电，否则，可以继续对电池充电。如此，可以保证电池安全充电。
本申请实施例中，BMS可以与充电桩进行通信，充电异常的检测装置可以设置有充电插座，在充电桩控制充电枪插入充电插座时，可以对该充电 异常的检测装置中的电池进行充电，在充电桩控制充电枪从充电插座中拔出时，可以结束对该充电异常的检测装置中的电池的充电。当BMS确定累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，可以向充电桩发送充电结束的指示。相应地，充电桩可以接收该指示，并根据该指示，控制充电枪从充电插座中拔出，以停止向电池充电。当BMS确定累计充电异常次数小于或等于预设次数时，不向充电桩发送充电结束的指示，充电桩不会控制充电枪从充电插座中拔出，从而可以继续向电池充电。
值得说明的是，本申请实施例设置预设次数，当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时停止对电池充电，可以保证电池安全充电。且只有当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，BMS才停止对电池充电，避免了由于采样电压有波动而误判电池充电异常的情况下误停止对电池的充电。
进一步地，BMS在确定累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，还可以进行安全报警，以及时将充电异常的信息传达出去。
在一些实施例中，本申请实施例中的电池中可以设置有报警装置，该报警装置可以与BMS进行通信。当BMS确定累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，可以向报警装置发送报警指示。相应地，报警装置可以接收该指示，并根据该指示对外报警。
其中，报警装置可以包括蜂鸣器和报警灯中的至少一种。示例性地，当报警装置包括蜂鸣器和报警灯时，BMS在确定累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，可以同时或先后向蜂鸣器和报警灯发送报警指示。当蜂鸣器接收到该指示时，可以以一定的频率对外鸣笛。当报警灯接收到该指示时，可以控制报警灯亮起，或者可以控制报警灯以一定的频率闪烁。本申请实施例对此不作限定。
值得说明的是，当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时进行安全报警，可以将充电异常的信息及时传达出去，避免造成较大损失。且只有当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，BMS才进行安全报警，避免了由于采样电压有 波动而误判电池充电异常的情况下造成误报警。
本申请实施例中，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种充电异常的检测装置的结构示意图，如图3所示，该充电异常的检测装置包括：处理模块301和充电模块302。
处理模块301，用于在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，第一电芯为电池中的任意一个电芯，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，i大于或等于1，k大于或等于2，n大于2。
处理模块301，还用于根据连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。
处理模块301，还用于根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。
其中，第二最小电压是第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，第二最小电压的采样 时刻是第二采样时刻，第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；第一时段是第一采样时刻之后的时段，第二时段是第二采样时刻之后的时段，第一时段的时长等于第二时段的时长。
可选地，连续n个采样电压包括第m采样时刻的第m采样电压至第m+n-1采样时刻的第m+n-1采样电压，处理模块301还用于：将第m采样时刻的第m采样电压，确定为最小电压；若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于第m+j-1采样时刻的采样电压，则用第m+j采样时刻的采样电压更新最小电压；若第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于或等于第m+j+1时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻的采样电压，则将第m+j采样时刻确定为第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，第j大于或等于1，且小于或等于n-2，m大于或等于1。
可选地，处理模块301还用于：若第一最小电压大于第二最小电压，则确定第k次充电异常。
可选地，处理模块301还用于：若第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定第k次充电异常。
可选地，处理模块301还用于：更新电池充电异常的次数，得到累计充电异常次数。
该充电异常的检测装置还包括：充电模块302，用于当累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，停止对电池充电。
可选地，第i充电阶段的充电电流为第一电流，第i+1充电阶段的充电电流为第二电流，第一电流大于第二电流，处理模块301还用于：
若第一电流与第二电流的电流差大于电流阈值，则直接将第一电流切换至第二电流，且在第一电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压；
若电流差小于或等于电流阈值，则先将第一电流切换至第三电流，再将第三电流切换至第二电流，且在第三电流切换至第二电流之后的第m采样时 刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取n个采样电压，第三电流大于第一电流。
本申请实施例中，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
应理解以上装置中单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。且装置中的单元可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现；也可以全部以硬件的形式实现；还可以部分单元以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现，部分单元以硬件的形式实现。例如，各个单元可以为单独设立的处理元件，也可以集成在装置的某一个芯片中实现，此外，也可以以程序的形式存储于存储器中，由装置的某一个处理元件调用并执行该单元的功能。此外这些单元全部或部分可以集成在一起，也可以独立实现。这里的处理元件可以是一种集成电路，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤或以上各个单元可以通过处理元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路实现或者以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括上述图3所示实施例提供的充电异常的检测装置。
本申请实施例还提供一种充电设备，该充电设备用于为电池充电，该充电设备包括上述图3所示实施例提供的充电异常的检测装置。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述图1至图2所示实施例提供的充电异常的检测方法。
计算机可读存储介质可以包括电子电路、半导体存储器设备、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、闪存、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、光盘、硬盘、光纤介质、射频(RF)链路等等，在此并不限定。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电异常的检测装置的结构示意图。参照图4，该充电异常的检测装置包括：处理器410，存储器420，和接口430，处理器410、存储器420和接口430通过总线440连接，该总线可以通过连接电路来实现。其中，存储器420用于存储程序，该程序被处理器410调用时，可以实现以上实施例中充电异常的检测装置执行的方法。接口430用于实现与其它充电异常的检测装置的通信，且接口430可以通过有线连接的方式或者无线连接的方式，与其他充电异常的检测装置进行通信。
以上充电异常的检测装置各个单元的功能可以通过处理器410调用存储器420中存储的程序来实现。即，以上充电异常的检测装置包括处理器410和存储器420，存储器420用于存储程序，该程序被处理器410调用，以执行以上方法实施例中的方法。这里的处理器410，可以是通用处理器，还可以是其它可以调用程序的处理器；或者该处理器410可以被配置成实施以上实施例中充电异常的检测装置执行方法的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或，一个或多个微处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、 分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等等。再如，当充电异常的检测装置中的单元可以通过处理器调度程序的形式实现时，该处理器410可以是通用处理器，例如中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、控制器、微控制器、单片机或其它可以调用程序的处理器。再如，这些单元可以集成在一起，以片上系统的形式实现。
存储器420的数量不做限制，可以是一个也可以是多个。
存储器420至少包括一种类型的可读存储介质，可读存储介质包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)或易失性存储器，例如，闪存(flash memory)、硬盘、多媒体卡、卡型存储器(例如，SD或DX存储器等)、随机访问存储器(random access memory，RAM)、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可擦写可编程只读存储器(erasable programmable read-only memory，EPROM)、电可擦写可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable read-only memory，PROM)、磁性存储器、磁盘或光盘等，RAM可以包括静态RAM或动态RAM。在一些实施例中，存储器420可以是该装置的内部存储器，例如，该装置的硬盘或内存。在另一些实施例中，存储器420也可以是该装置的外部存储设备，例如该装置上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC)、安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡或闪存卡(Flash Card)等。当然，存储器420还可以既包括该装置的内部存储器也包括其外部存储设备。本实施例中，存储器420通常用于存储安装于该装置的操作系统和各类应用软件，例如充电异常的检测方法的程序代码等。此外，存储器420还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的各类数据。
总线440可以是工业标准体系结构(Industry Standard Architecture，ISA)总线、外设部件互连标准(Peripheral Component Interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture，EISA)总线等。该总线440可以包括地址总线、数据总线或控制总线等。为便于表示，图中仅 用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
该处理器410通常用于控制该装置的总体操作。本实施例中，存储器420用于存储程序代码或指令，程序代码包括计算机操作指令，处理器410用于执行存储器420存储的程序代码或指令或者处理数据，例如运行充电异常的检测方法的程序代码。
综上所述，根据第k次充电中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，确定n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻。基于上述相同的方式可以确定前k-1次中任一次充电过程的第二最小电压对应的第二采样时刻。然后根据第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定第k次充电异常，或者，根据第k次充电过程中第一采样时刻之后的第一时段内采样电压的变化率和前k-1次中任一次充电过程中第二采样时刻之后的第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定第k次充电异常。本申请中，第i充电阶段的充电电流大于第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，根据电池从大电流充电切换至小电流充电过程中的采样电压的变化，和/或，采样电压的变化率的变化确定第k次充电异常，检测充电异常的准确率较高，能有效降低误判率。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种充电异常的检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，所述第一电芯为所述电池中的任意一个电芯，所述第i充电阶段的充电电流大于所述第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，所述i大于或等于1，所述k大于或等于2，所述n大于2；
    根据所述连续n个采样电压，确定所述n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻；
    根据所述第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据所述第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定所述第k次充电异常；
    其中，所述第二最小电压是所述第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，所述第二最小电压的采样时刻是第二采样时刻，所述第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；所述第一时段是所述第一采样时刻之后的时段，所述第二时段是所述第二采样时刻之后的时段，所述第一时段的时长等于所述第二时段的时长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续n个采样电压包括第m采样时刻的第m采样电压至第m+n-1采样时刻的第m+n-1采样电压，所述根据所述连续n个采样电压，确定所述n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻包括：
    将所述第m采样时刻的第m采样电压，确定为最小电压；
    若所述第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于所述第m+j-1采样时刻的采样电压，则用所述第m+j采样时刻的采样电压更新所述最小电压；
    若所述第m+j采样时刻的采样电压小于或等于第m+j+1时刻至所述 第m+n-1采样时刻的采样电压，则将所述第m+j采样时刻确定为所述第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻，所述第j大于或等于1，且小于或等于n-2，所述m大于或等于1。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一最小电压和第二最小电压，确定所述第k次充电异常包括：
    若所述第一最小电压大于所述第二最小电压，则确定所述第k次充电异常。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定所述第k次充电异常包括：
    若所述第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率，小于所述第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，则确定所述第k次充电异常。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    更新所述电池充电异常的次数，得到累计充电异常次数；
    当所述累计充电异常次数超过预设次数时，停止对所述电池充电。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第i充电阶段的充电电流为第一电流，所述第i+1充电阶段的充电电流为第二电流，所述第一电流大于所述第二电流，所述获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压包括：
    若所述第一电流与所述第二电流的电流差大于电流阈值，则直接将所述第一电流切换至所述第二电流，且在所述第一电流切换至所述第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取所述n个采样电压；
    若所述电流差小于或等于所述电流阈值，则先将所述第一电流切换至第三电流，再将所述第三电流切换至所述第二电流，且在所述第三电流切换至所述第二电流之后的第m采样时刻至第m+n-1采样时刻获取所述n 个采样电压，所述第三电流大于所述第一电流。
  7. 一种充电异常的检测装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    处理模块，用于在电池的第k次充电中，获取从第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间第一电芯的连续n个采样电压，所述第一电芯为所述电池中的任意一个电芯，所述第i充电阶段的充电电流大于所述第i+1充电阶段的充电电流，所述i大于或等于1，所述k大于或等于2，所述n大于2；
    所述处理模块，还用于根据所述连续n个采样电压，确定所述n个采样电压中的第一最小电压对应的第一采样时刻；
    所述处理模块，还用于根据所述第一最小电压和第二最小电压，和/或，根据所述第k次充电过程中第一时段内采样电压的变化率和第L次充电过程中第二时段内采样电压的变化率，确定所述第k次充电异常；
    其中，所述第二最小电压是所述第一电芯在第L次充电过程中第i充电阶段结束时刻至第i+1充电阶段结束时刻间的最小电压，所述第二最小电压的采样时刻是第二采样时刻，所述第L次充电过程是前k-1次充电过程中的任意一次充电过程；所述第一时段是所述第一采样时刻之后的时段，所述第二时段是所述第二采样时刻之后的时段，所述第一时段的时长等于所述第二时段的时长。
  8. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求7所述的充电异常的检测装置。
  9. 一种充电设备，用于为电池充电，其特征在于，所述充电设备包括权利要求7所述的充电异常的检测装置。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至6任意一项所述的充电异常的检测方法。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器；以及
    存储器，用于存储所述处理器的可执行指令；
    其中，所述处理器配置为经由执行所述可执行指令来执行权利要求1至6任意一项所述的充电异常的检测方法。
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