WO2022204996A1 - 断路器和供电系统 - Google Patents

断路器和供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022204996A1
WO2022204996A1 PCT/CN2021/084131 CN2021084131W WO2022204996A1 WO 2022204996 A1 WO2022204996 A1 WO 2022204996A1 CN 2021084131 W CN2021084131 W CN 2021084131W WO 2022204996 A1 WO2022204996 A1 WO 2022204996A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
contact
moving
switch
static
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084131
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毕撒尔·艾拉
赵福高
王帅
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084131 priority Critical patent/WO2022204996A1/zh
Priority to EP21933676.5A priority patent/EP4303902A4/en
Priority to CN202180014583.1A priority patent/CN115485802A/zh
Publication of WO2022204996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022204996A1/zh
Priority to US18/470,780 priority patent/US20240013996A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/285—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electro-dynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the electrical field, in particular to circuit breakers and power supply systems.
  • the current power supply system is widely used, and circuit breakers are often used in this type of system to realize functions such as power distribution and protection.
  • the circuit breaker can be applied to a DC power supply system or an AC power supply system.
  • Traditional circuit breakers include mechanical circuit breakers and solid state circuit breakers, but both have their own shortcomings.
  • Mechanical circuit breakers require many linkage devices in the switching process, such as springs, hooks, levers, armatures, etc., and the linkage time is long.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker uses contacts to break the circuit, and the contact gap generates an arc when the contact gap is disconnected, and the arcing time is long.
  • the arc refers to the cylindrical gas that can emit strong light and can conduct electricity generated in the contact gap when the mechanical circuit breaker is disconnected.
  • the circuit breaker is not opened until the arc is extinguished and the contact gap becomes an insulating medium.
  • the arcing time refers to the time period in which the arc occurs in each phase of the circuit breaker during the breaking process.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker can only achieve the breaking time of the millisecond (ms) level, and the short-circuit breaking speed is relatively slow.
  • the solid-state circuit breaker uses electronic power devices instead of switches to switch on and off.
  • the solid-state circuit breaker can achieve extremely fast turn-off time, but limited by the current manufacturing process of power electronic switches, its conduction loss is high, and water cooling is often used for heat dissipation. , resulting in increased size and cost.
  • circuit breakers that can achieve faster short-circuit breaking speed, lower conduction losses, and lower costs.
  • the present application provides a circuit breaker and a power supply system, which can improve the switching performance of the circuit breaker.
  • a circuit breaker which is characterized by comprising a mechanical switch circuit, the mechanical switch circuit comprising: a busbar; a power module, comprising a moving contact and a static contact, the static contact and the The busbars are electrically connected, and the movable contact can move. When the movable contact and the static contact are in contact, the mechanical switch circuit is turned on.
  • the mechanical switch circuit is disconnected;
  • the drive module includes a switch circuit, a moving coil and a static coil, the moving coil and the static coil are placed adjacent to each other, and the switch circuit is used to control the The current direction of the moving coil and the static coil, the moving coil and the static coil attract or repel each other according to whether the current direction is the same, so that the moving coil drives the moving contact and the static coil. Contacts make or break.
  • the circuit breaker includes a mechanical switch circuit.
  • the switch circuit in the mechanical switch circuit controls the current direction in the moving coil and the static coil, so that the moving coil and the static coil can attract or disconnect from each other, and the moving coil can drive the moving contact to connect with each other.
  • the static contact contacts or disconnects, and finally realizes the on-off of the mechanical switch circuit.
  • This switching method simplifies the linkage and can optimize the switching performance of the circuit breaker. For example, the switching time of a mechanically switched circuit can be reduced, thereby reducing the switching time of a circuit breaker.
  • the moving coil and the moving contact are in a fixed connection structure, or a linkage structure is provided between the moving coil and the moving contact.
  • the moving coil and the moving contact are fixed structures, or there is a linkage structure between them, so that when the moving coil moves, it can drive the moving contacts to move together, so as to realize the on-off of the mechanical switch circuit.
  • This switching method is used.
  • the linkage device is simplified, and the switching time of the mechanical switching circuit can be reduced, thereby reducing the switching time of the circuit breaker.
  • it further includes: a solid state switch circuit, the solid state switch circuit is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch circuit, wherein when the circuit breaker is turned on, the solid state switch circuit The mechanical switch circuit is turned on before the mechanical switch circuit, and the mechanical switch circuit is turned off before the solid state switch circuit when the circuit breaker is turned off.
  • the circuit breaker adopts the parallel connection of a mechanical switch circuit and a solid state switch circuit.
  • the use of a solid state switch circuit can avoid arcing when the contacts of the mechanical switch circuit are opened or disconnected, thereby shortening the arcing time and improving the switching speed of the circuit breaker. And it can also prolong the life of the mechanical switch circuit.
  • the moving coil is used to: under the condition that the currents flowing through the moving coil and the static coil have the same direction, move away from the static coil and drive the moving coil.
  • the moving contact and the stationary contact are disconnected; and, when the currents flowing through the moving coil and the stationary coil are in opposite directions, approach the stationary coil and drive the moving contact and the stationary coil.
  • the static contacts are in contact.
  • the switch circuit includes a first switch S1 to a fourth switch S4, wherein the first end of the driving module and the first end of the first switch S1 and the first end of the second switch S2 is connected, the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to the first end of the static coil, and the second end of the second switch S2 is connected to the static coil.
  • the second end is connected to the second end
  • the first end of the third switch S3 is connected to the first end of the static coil
  • the second end of the third switch S3 is connected to the first end of the moving coil
  • the first end of the third switch S3 is connected to the first end of the moving coil.
  • the first end of the four switches S4 is connected to the second end of the stationary coil
  • the second end of the fourth switch S4 is connected to the first end of the moving coil
  • the second end of the moving coil is connected to the The second end of the drive module is connected.
  • the switches S1-S4, the static coil and the moving coil in the switch circuit form the drive circuit.
  • the current directions in the static coil and the moving coil can be made the same or opposite, thus realizing the mechanical switch circuit. on and off.
  • the direction of the current flowing through the moving coil and the static coil is the same, the moving coil and the static coil attract each other, and drive the connection between the moving contact and the static contact.
  • the driving module further includes an energy storage module, and the energy storage module is configured to provide current for the driving module.
  • the energy storage unit includes a capacitor C1, wherein the first end of the capacitor C1 is used to connect with the first end of the driving module, and the first end of the capacitor C1 The two ends are used for connecting with the second end of the driving module.
  • the energy storage module further includes a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, and the diode D5 The cathode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the first terminal.
  • Connecting diode D5 in parallel across C1 can improve the discharge efficiency of C1, thereby increasing the switching speed of the mechanical switching circuit.
  • the moving coil and the stationary coil are connected in series with each other during operation.
  • a power supply system in a second aspect, includes the circuit breaker according to the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a mechanical switch circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a working state of the mechanical switch circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 100 according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid state switch circuit 60 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 respectively show the conduction diagrams of the solid state switch circuit 60 under different current directions.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a mechanical switch circuit 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical switch circuit 20 in an on-state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical switch circuit 20 in an ON state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of the moving coil 210 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Circuit breaker can be applied to DC power supply system or AC power supply system, refers to the ability to close, carry and break current under normal circuit conditions and to close, carry and break current under abnormal circuit conditions within a specified time switch device.
  • the circuit breaker has overload, short circuit and undervoltage protection functions, and has the ability to protect the line and power supply.
  • Solid State Circuit Breakers Also known as solid state switching circuits. It can refer to a circuit breaker using a transistor as a switching element, which realizes the control of the circuit breaker through a non-contact switch.
  • the switch module mainly includes power electronic devices, and the on-off control of the current in the normal loop is completed through the opening and closing of these devices.
  • Mechanical circuit breaker Also known as a mechanical switch circuit, it refers to a circuit breaker that uses a mechanical linkage to achieve switching functions.
  • Mechanical circuit breakers usually include contact system, arc extinguishing system, operating mechanism, release and so on.
  • Short-circuit breaking capacity refers to the highest current value that the circuit breaker can break without being damaged.
  • Insulated gate bipolar transistor It is composed of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and an insulated gate field effect transistor (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, MOSFET).
  • BJT bipolar junction transistor
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the circuit breaker 100 includes a mechanical switch circuit 20 .
  • the mechanical switch circuit 20 includes a bus bar 201 , a power module 30 and a drive module 40 .
  • the bus bar 201 is also called a bus bar, which refers to the main power supply line in the power equipment, has a large current flow capacity, and usually includes a copper bar or an aluminum bar.
  • the power module 30 includes a movable contact 211 and a stationary contact 222, the stationary contact 222 is electrically connected to the bus bar 201, and the movable contact 211 is movable.
  • the mechanical switch circuit 20 is turned on, and when the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 are disconnected, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is turned off.
  • the moving contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 may also be collectively referred to as a moving contact system.
  • the busbar 201 may include a first busbar 201-1 and a second busbar 201-2
  • the stationary contacts 222 include a first stationary contact 222-1 and a second stationary contact 222-2.
  • the first stationary contact 222-1 is connected to the first bus bar 201-1
  • the second stationary contact 222-2 is connected to the second bus bar 201-2.
  • the first stationary contact 222-1 and the second stationary contact 222-2 are in an electrically disconnected state. Therefore, when the stationary contact 222 and the movable contact 211 are disconnected, the first busbar 201-1 and the second busbar 201-2 are in the disconnected state, that is, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is in the disconnected state.
  • the movable contact 211 When the stationary contact 222 and the movable contact 211 are in contact, the movable contact 211 connects the first stationary contact 222-1 and the second stationary contact 222-2, forming the first bus bar 201-1 and the second bus bar 201-1.
  • a low-resistance path is provided between the bars 201-2, so that the first busbar 201-1 and the second busbar 201-2 are electrically connected, ie, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is in a conducting state.
  • the stationary contact 222 and the busbar 201 are integral structures, or in other words, the stationary contact 222 is a part of the busbar 201 .
  • the driving module 40 includes a switch circuit, a moving coil 210 and a static coil 220.
  • the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 are placed adjacent to each other.
  • the switch circuit is used to control the current direction of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220.
  • the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 220 attract or repel each other according to whether the current direction is the same, so that the moving coil 210 drives the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 to contact or disconnect.
  • the moving coil 210 is designed to drive the moving contact 211 to move.
  • the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 are in a fixed connection structure, or a linkage structure is provided between the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection method between the moving contact 211 and the moving coil 210 , as long as the moving coil 210 can drive the moving contact 211 to move when the moving coil 210 moves.
  • the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 may be connected by an insulating material, that is, the two are electrically insulated.
  • the above-mentioned insulating substance may include epoxy resin.
  • the switching circuit can control the current directions of the braking coil 210 and the static coil 220 to be the same or opposite.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific placement of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220, as long as the distance between the two can cause mutual repulsion or mutual attraction.
  • the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 are placed side by side.
  • the moving coil 210 moves away from the stationary coil 220 and drives the moving contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 to disconnect.
  • the moving coil 210 approaches the stationary coil 220 and drives the moving contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 to contact.
  • the switch circuit, the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 form a drive system
  • the moving coil 210, the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 form an armature system.
  • the present application utilizes the electromagnetic principle, so that the moving coil 210 drives the moving contact system to realize contact and disconnection, which can reduce the switching time of the mechanical switch circuit 20 .
  • the switching time of the mechanical switch circuit 20 is related to the distance between the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 . Taking the disconnection of the mechanical switch circuit 20 as an example, the shorter the distance between the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220, the faster the moving contact 211 is separated from the stationary contact 222, and the drive module 40 is activated and the contact is separated. The shorter the delay time is, the shorter the switching time of the mechanical switching circuit 20 is. By adjusting the distance between the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 , modulation of the switching time of the mechanical switching circuit 20 can be achieved.
  • the electromagnetic principle is used in the mechanical switch circuit 20, so that the moving coil 210 drives the moving contact 211 to contact or disconnect the static contact 222.
  • This switching method simplifies the linkage in the traditional mechanical breaking circuit and can optimize the mechanical switching circuit.
  • the switching performance of the circuit breaker 20 for example, can reduce the switching time of the mechanical switching circuit 20 , thereby reducing the switching time of the circuit breaker 100 .
  • the switch circuit may include multiple switches ( S1 ⁇ S4 ), and control the current direction through the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 by controlling the conduction or closing of the multiple switches.
  • the plurality of switches described above may be controllable switches.
  • the above-mentioned controllable switch may include a fully-controlled switch or a half-controlled switch.
  • the fully-controlled switch also known as a self-turn-off device, refers to a power electronic device that can be turned on and turned off by a control signal.
  • Fully controlled switches include but are not limited to the following items: gate-turn thyristor (GTO), MOSFET, IGBT.
  • a semi-controlled switch refers to a power electronic device that can only be turned on and cannot be turned off by a control signal.
  • Semi-controlled switches include, but are not limited to, the following: Thyristors.
  • the switch circuit in FIG. 1 includes a first switch S1 to a fourth switch S4.
  • the first end of the driving module 40 is connected to the first end of the first switch S1 and the first end of the second switch S2, the second end of the first switch S1 is connected to the first end of the static coil 220, and the second switch
  • the second end of S2 is connected to the second end of the stationary coil 220
  • the first end of the third switch S3 is connected to the first end of the stationary coil 220
  • the second end of the third switch S3 is connected to the first end of the moving coil 210
  • the first end of the fourth switch S4 is connected to the second end of the static coil 220
  • the second end of the fourth switch S4 is connected to the first end of the moving coil 210
  • the second end of the moving coil 210 is connected to the first end of the driving module 40 .
  • the two ends are connected.
  • the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 are connected in series with each other during operation, and are placed side by side.
  • switch circuit in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the switch circuit in the present application can also take other implementations as long as it has the function of controlling the current directions of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 .
  • circuit breaker 100 in FIG. 1 is only used as an example, and after appropriate modifications, the circuit breaker 100 may further include more or less functional modules and circuit components.
  • connection between two devices in the embodiments of the present application may refer to direct connection or indirect connection.
  • indirect connection other units, modules or devices may also be provided between the two devices.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a mechanical switch circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 in FIG. 2 attract each other.
  • the first switch S1 and the fourth switch S4 can be controlled to be turned on, and the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 can be controlled to be turned off.
  • the current passes through the first switch S1 , the static coil 220 , the fourth switch S4 and the moving coil 210 in sequence.
  • the current direction of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 is the same, therefore, the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 attract each other, and the moving coil 210 drives the moving contact to contact the static contact.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a working state of the mechanical switch circuit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 in FIG. 3 repel each other.
  • the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 can be controlled to be turned on, and the first switch S1 and the fourth switch S4 can be controlled to be turned off.
  • the current flows through the second switch S2, the static coil 220, the third switch S3 and the moving coil 210 in sequence.
  • the currents passing through the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 are in opposite directions. Therefore, the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 repel each other, and the moving coil 210 drives the moving contact and the static contact to disconnect.
  • the on-off of the switches in the above-mentioned switch circuit may be controlled by a control module, and the above-mentioned control module may be provided in the mechanical switch circuit 20 , or may be independent of the mechanical switch circuit 20 , to which this embodiment of the present application is concerned. Not limited.
  • the mechanical switch circuit 20 further includes an energy storage module 50 , and the energy storage module 50 is used to provide current to the driving module 40 , or in other words, to provide the driving module 40 with current flowing through the moving coil 210 and Static coil 220 current.
  • the energy storage module 50 may include a capacitor C1, which is used to store electric charges and provide current.
  • capacitor C1 may draw power from busbar 201 and store charge.
  • the capacitor C1 may also adopt other power-taking methods, such as taking power from a battery, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the capacitor C1 can provide a large transient current, so as to realize the rapid on-off of the mechanical switch circuit 20 .
  • the first end of the capacitor C1 is used to connect to the first end of the driving module 40
  • the second end of the capacitor C1 is used to connect to the second end of the driving module 40 .
  • the capacitor C1 can be an electrolytic capacitor or a film capacitor, or can also be other types of capacitors.
  • the energy storage module 50 also includes a diode D5, and the diode D5 and the capacitor C1 are in a parallel relationship.
  • the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, and the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1. Connecting the diode D5 in parallel at both ends of C1 can improve the discharge efficiency of C1 , thereby increasing the switching speed of the mechanical switching circuit 20 .
  • the energy storage module 50 may also adopt other implementation manners, as long as it can realize the function of providing current for the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 .
  • the energy storage module 50 may also include a battery, and provide current through the battery.
  • the energy storage module 50 may further include a boost converter or a buck converter to perform level conversion on the received voltage, and then output current to the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 100 according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • the circuit breaker 100 may further include a solid state switch circuit 60 , and the solid state switch circuit 60 and the mechanical switch circuit 20 are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the solid state switch circuit 60 is turned on before the mechanical switch circuit 20
  • the mechanical switch circuit 20 is turned off before the solid state switch circuit 60 .
  • the circuit breaker 100 adopts the form in which the mechanical switch circuit 20 and the solid state switch circuit 60 are connected in parallel.
  • the use of the solid state switch circuit 60 can avoid arcing when the contacts of the mechanical switch circuit 20 are opened or disconnected, thereby shortening the
  • the arcing time increases the switching speed of the circuit breaker 100 and can also prolong the life of the mechanical switching circuit 20 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific structure of the solid state switch circuit 60 as long as it can realize the function of the solid state switch circuit 60 .
  • a specific example of the solid-state switching circuit 60 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid state switch circuit 60 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the solid state switch circuit 60 includes a main switch circuit 61 , a sink circuit 62 and a buffer circuit 63 .
  • the main switch circuit 61 includes diodes D1 to D4 and a switch transistor K1.
  • the above-mentioned switch tube K1 can be an IGBT, an integrated gate-commutated thyristor (IGCT), a MOS, a BJT, or other types of switching devices.
  • the first end of the solid state switch circuit 60 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the second end of the solid state switch circuit 60 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D4.
  • the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D3 are connected to the first end of the switch tube K1
  • the anode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D4 are connected to the second end of the switch tube K1.
  • the switch tube K1 is an IGBT
  • the first end of the switch tube K1 is the collector of the IGBT
  • the second end of the switch tube K1 is the emitter of the IGBT.
  • the main switch circuit 61 is used to control the solid state switch circuit 60 by controlling the on-off of the switch tube K1 , and the main switch circuit 61 can realize a bidirectional control function.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 respectively show the conduction diagrams of the solid state switch circuit 60 under different current directions.
  • the diode D1, the switch K1 and the diode D4 can implement a current path in one direction.
  • the diode D3, the switch K1 and the diode D4 can implement a current path in the other direction.
  • the absorption circuit 62 can be used to absorb the energy when the switch K1 is turned off.
  • a varistor is typically included in the sink circuit 62 .
  • Varistors can be connected in parallel in the circuit. When the circuit is in normal use, the impedance of the varistor is very high and the leakage current is very small, which can be regarded as an open circuit and has little effect on the circuit. But when a very high sudden voltage comes, the resistance value of the varistor drops instantly, so that it can flow a large current and clamp the overvoltage at a certain value.
  • the snubber circuit 63 is used to protect the switch tube K1 from being damaged by overvoltage when it is turned off, and at the same time reduce the turn-off loss of the switch tube K1.
  • the present application does not limit the specific structure of the buffer circuit 63 as long as it can realize the above-mentioned functions.
  • the buffer circuit 63 may not be included in the solid state switch circuit 60 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a mechanical switch circuit 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the mechanical switch circuit 20 includes a bus bar 201 , a power module (not marked in the figure) and a driving module (not marked in the figure).
  • the power module includes a moving contact 211 and a static contact 222.
  • the static contact 222 is electrically connected to the busbar 201.
  • the moving contact 211 is movable. When the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 are in contact, the mechanical switch circuit 20 Conduction, when the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 are disconnected, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is disconnected;
  • the driving module includes a moving coil 210 and a static coil 220.
  • the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 are placed adjacent to each other, so that the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 repel or attract each other according to whether the current direction is the same.
  • the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 repel or attract each other according to whether the current direction is the same.
  • the movable contact 211 In order to drive the movable contact 211 to contact or disconnect from the stationary contact 222 .
  • the moving coil 210 is designed to drive the moving contact 211 to move.
  • the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 are in a fixed connection structure, or a linkage structure is provided between the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection method between the moving contact 211 and the moving coil 210 , as long as the moving coil 210 can drive the moving contact 211 to move when the moving coil 210 moves.
  • the movable contact 211 and the movable coil 210 may be connected by an insulating material, that is, the two are electrically insulated.
  • the above-mentioned insulating substance may include epoxy resin.
  • the above-mentioned busbar 201 includes two parts that are not connected to each other, which can be referred to as the first busbar 201-1 and the second busbar 201-2 respectively, and the static contacts 222 include the first static contacts 222-1. and the second stationary contact 222-2 (see FIG. 12).
  • the first stationary contact 222-1 is connected to the first bus bar 201-1
  • the second stationary contact 222-2 is connected to the second bus bar 201-2.
  • the first stationary contact 222-1 and the second stationary contact 222-2 are in an electrically disconnected state. Therefore, when the stationary contact 222 and the movable contact 211 are disconnected, the first busbar 201-1 and the second busbar 201-2 are in an electrically disconnected state, that is, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is in an disconnected state.
  • the movable contact 211 When the stationary contact 222 and the movable contact 211 are in contact, the movable contact 211 connects the first stationary contact 222-1 and the second stationary contact 222-2, forming the first bus bar 201-1 and the second bus bar 201-1.
  • a low-resistance path is provided between the bars 201-2, so that the first busbar 201-1 and the second busbar 201-2 are electrically connected, ie, the mechanical switch circuit 20 is in a conducting state.
  • the moving coil 210 is coaxial with the moving contact 211 , and the moving coil 210 can drive the moving contact 211 to move up and down in the axial direction.
  • the static coil 220 is also coaxial with the moving coil 210 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical switch circuit 20 in an on-state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 are close to each other and placed side by side.
  • the currents of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 are in opposite directions, the moving coil 210 is close to the static coil 220, and drives the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 to contact, thereby making the mechanical switch Circuit 20 is turned on.
  • F contact in FIG. 9 represents the downward suction force received by the moving coil 210 and the moving contact 211 .
  • a maintenance device is also provided in the mechanical switch circuit 20 .
  • the maintaining device can be used to maintain the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 in a contact state after the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 are in contact, and maintain the movable contact after the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 are disconnected 211 and the static contact 222 are disconnected.
  • the holding device in FIG. 9 is an electromagnet, and the suction force (F magnet ) generated by the electromagnet can keep the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 in contact.
  • the above-mentioned maintenance device is only an example, and the maintenance device can also take other implementations.
  • the maintaining device may also be implemented by a mechanical structure, such as a buckle, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical switch circuit 20 in an ON state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current directions of the moving coil 210 and the static coil 220 are the same, the moving coil 210 is far away from the static coil 220 , and drives the moving contact 211 and the static contact 222 open, thereby making the mechanical switch circuit 20 conductive.
  • F open in FIG. 10 represents the upward repulsive force received by the moving coil 210 and the moving contact 211 .
  • a first conductive material is used for the winding of the moving coil 210
  • a second conductive material is used for the winding of the stationary coil 220
  • the density of the first conductive material is lower than that of the second conductive material.
  • the conductive material of the moving coil 210 may be aluminum
  • the conductive material of the static coil 220 may be copper.
  • the winding coil of the moving coil 210 can be made of conductive materials with a lower density, which reduces the mass of the moving coil 210 and thus reduces the energy required for the moving coil 210 to move, so as to save the mechanical switch circuit 20 . purpose of power.
  • the cross section of the moving coil 210 may also be smaller than the cross section of the stationary coil 220 , so that the mass of the moving coil 210 is smaller than that of the stationary coil 220 .
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of the moving coil 210 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , the winding coil of the moving coil 210 can be drawn out through a flexible wire, so that the armature system can move automatically without causing damage.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable contact 211 and the stationary contact 222 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the static contacts include a first static contact 222-1 and a second static contact 222-2.
  • the moving contacts 211 are used to ensure that when the moving contact system is closed, the stationary contacts 222 located on both sides are connected together and provide a low-resistance path.
  • the armature system is activated, the moving coil 210 moves upward along its axial direction, thereby driving the moving contacts 211 to move together.
  • the switching speed of the mechanical switching circuit 20 is related to the distance between the moving coil 210 and the stationary coil 220 .
  • the longer the distance between the double coils the longer the delay time between the start of the mechanical switch circuit 20 and the separation between the contacts. Therefore, by reducing the distance between the double coils, a faster disengagement speed of the movable contact 211 can be achieved, so that the switching speed of the mechanical switch circuit 20 can be improved, for example, switching of several hundreds of ⁇ s (microseconds) can be realized. speed.
  • the movable contact 211 has protrusions along its first surface to ensure reliable connection of the movable and stationary contacts, thereby improving the switching sensitivity of the mechanical switch circuit 20.
  • the first surface of the movable contact 211 is used for contacting with the stationary contact 222 .
  • a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
  • an application running on a computing device and the computing device may be components.
  • One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between 2 or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • a component may, for example, be based on a signal having one or more data packets (eg, data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and/or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems via signals) Communicate through local and/or remote processes.
  • data packets eg, data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and/or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems via signals
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .

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Abstract

一种断路器和供电系统，能够提高断路器的开关性能。该断路器包括机械开关电路，机械开关电路包括：母排、功率模块和驱动模块。功率模块包括动触头和静触头，静触头与母排电相连，动触头可移动，在动触头和静触头接触的情况下，机械开关电路导通，在动触头和静触头断开的情况下，机械开关电路断开；驱动模块包括开关电路、动线圈以及静线圈，动线圈和静线圈呈相邻放置，开关电路用于控制动线圈以及静线圈的电流方向，动线圈和静线圈之间根据电流方向是否相同而相互吸引或相互排斥，以使得动线圈带动动触头和静触头接触或断开。

Description

断路器和供电系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电气领域，尤其涉及断路器和供电系统。
背景技术
当前供电系统应用广泛，在该类型的系统中经常需要用到断路器来实现配电以及保护等功能。其中，断路器可以应用于直流供电系统或者交流供电系统。传统的断路器包括机械断路器以及固态断路器，但是两者都各自有不足之处。机械断路器在开关过程中需要很多联动装置，例如，弹簧、搭钩、杠杆、衔铁等，联动时间长。并且机械断路器使用触头来实现电路开断，触头间隙在断开时产生电弧，燃弧时间长。其中，电弧是指机械断路器断开时，在触头间隙产生的能发出强光并且能导电的圆柱形气体。一直等到电弧熄灭，触头间隙成为绝缘介质之后，断路器才被断开。燃弧时间是指断路器在开断过程中每相出现电弧的时间区段。基于上述原因，机械断路器只能实现毫秒(ms)级别的分断时间，短路分断的速度较慢。而固态断路器使用电子电力器件代替开关进行通断，固态断路器可以实现极快的关断时间，但是受限于当前电力电子开关的制作工艺，其导通损耗较高，常需要使用水冷散热器，导致体积以及成本增加。
因此，业界亟需能够实现更快的短路分断速度、更低的导通损耗以及成本更低的断路器。
发明内容
本申请提供一种断路器和供电系统，能够提高断路器的开关性能。
第一方面，提供了一种断路器，其特征在于，包括机械开关电路，所述机械开关电路包括：母排；功率模块，包括动触头和静触头，所述静触头与所述母排电相连，所述动触头可移动，在所述动触头和所述静触头接触的情况下，所述机械开关电路导通，在所述动触头和所述静触头断开的情况下，所述机械开关电路断开；驱动模块，包括开关电路、动线圈以及静线圈，所述动线圈和所述静线圈呈相邻放置，所述开关电路用于控制所述动线圈以及所述静线圈的电流方向，所述动线圈和所述静线圈之间根据电流方向是否相同而相互吸引或相互排斥，以使得所述动线圈带动所述动触头和所述静触头接触或断开。
断路器中包括机械开关电路，机械开关电路中的开关电路通过控制动线圈和静线圈中的电流方向，使得动线圈和静线圈能够相互吸引或相互断开，而动线圈可以带动动触头与静触头接触或者断开，最终实现了机械开关电路的通断。这种开关方式简化了联动装置，能够优化断路器的开关性能。例如，可以减少机械开关电路的开关时间，从而减少了断路器的开关时间。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述动线圈和所述动触头为固定连接结构，或者，所述动线圈和所述动触头之间设置有联动结构。
动线圈和动触头为固定结构，或者两者之间设置有联动结构，从而使得动线圈在移动时，能够带动动触头一起移动，以实现机械开关电路的通断，利用这种开关方式简化了联动装置，能够减少机械开关电路的开关时间，从而减少了断路器的开关时间。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：固态开关电路，所述固态开关电路与所述机械开关电路并联，其中，在所述断路器导通时，所述固态开关电路先于所述机械开关电路导通，在所述断路器断开时，所述机械开关电路先于所述固态开关电路断开。
断路器采用机械开关电路和固态开关电路并联的形式，使用固态开关电路可以避免机械开关电路的触头在开通或者断开时产生电弧，从而缩短了燃弧时间，提高了断路器的开关速度，并且还可以延长机械开关电路的寿命。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述动线圈用于：在流经所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同的情况下，远离所述静线圈，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头断开；以及，在流经所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相反的情况下，靠近所述静线圈，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头接触。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关电路包括第一开关S1至第四开关S4，其中，所述驱动模块的第一端与所述第一开关S1的第一端以及所述第二开关S2的第一端相连，所述第一开关S1的第二端与所述静线圈的第一端相连，所述第二开关S2的第二端与所述静线圈的第二端相连，所述第三开关S3的第一端与所述静线圈的第一端相连，所述第三开关S3的第二端与所述动线圈的第一端相连，所述第四开关S4的第一端与所述静线圈的第二端相连，所述第四开关S4的第二端与所述动线圈的第一端相连，所述动线圈的第二端与所述驱动模块的第二端相连。
开关电路中的开关S1～S4、静线圈以及动线圈组成了驱动电路，通过控制开关S1～S4的通断，能够使得静线圈以及动线圈中的电流方向相同或相反，从而实现了机械开关电路的通断。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第一开关S1和所述第四开关S4导通，以及所述第二开关S2和所述第三开关S3断开的情况下，流过所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同，所述动线圈和所述静线圈相互吸引，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头之间连接。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述第二开关S2和所述第三开关S3导通，以及所述第一开关S1和所述第四开关S4断开的情况下，流过所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同，所述动线圈和所述静线圈相互吸引，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头之间断开。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述驱动模块中还包括储能模块，所述储能模块用于为所述驱动模块提供电流。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述储能单元包括电容C1，其中，电容C1的第一端用于与所述驱动模块的第一端相连，所述电容C1的第二端用于与所述驱动模块的第二端相连。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述储能模块中还包括二极管D5，所述二级管D5的阳极与所述电容C1的第二端相连，所述二级管D5的阴极与所述电容C1的第一端相连。
在C1两端并联二极管D5可以提高C1的放电效率，从而提高机械开关电路的开关速度。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，所述动线圈和所述静线圈在工作时相互串联。
第二方面，提供了一种供电系统，所述供电系统中包括如第一方面或第一方面中任意一种可能的实现方式中的断路器。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例的断路器100的示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路200的工作状态示意图。
图3是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路200的工作状态示意图。
图4是本申请又一实施例的断路器100的示意图。
图5是本申请一实施例的固态开关电路60的结构示意图。
图6和图7分别示出了固态开关电路60在不同电流方向下的导通示意图。
图8是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20的立体剖面示意图。
图9是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20处于导通状态时的横截面示意图。
图10是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20处于导通状态时的横截面示意图。
图11是本申请一实施例的动线圈210的俯视图。
图12是本申请一实施例的动触头211和静触头222的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
为了便于理解，首先介绍本申请中涉及的若干术语。
断路器：可以应用于直流供电系统或者交流供电系统，是指能够关合、承载和开断正常回路条件下的电流并能在规定的时间内关合、承载和开断异常回路条件下的电流的开关装置。断路器具有过载、短路和欠电压保护功能，有保护线路和电源的能力。
固态断路器：也称为固态开关电路。可以指利用晶体管作为开关元件的断路器，其通过无触点开关实现对断路器的控制。其中开关模块主要包括电力电子器件，通过这些器件的开启和闭合完成对正常回路中电流的开断控制。
机械断路器：也称为机械开关电路，是指利用机械联动装置实现开关功能的断路器。机械断路器中通常包括触头系统、灭弧系统、操作机构、脱扣器等。
短路分断能力：是指断路器能够分断而不被损害的最高电流值。
绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)：是由双极型三极管(bipolar junction transistor，BJT)和绝缘栅型场效应管(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor，MOSFET)组成的复合全控型电压驱动式功率半导体器件，兼有MOSFET的高输入阻抗和BJT的低导通压降两方面的优点。
图1是本申请一实施例的断路器100的示意图。如图1所示，该断路器100包括机械开关电路20。
其中，机械开关电路20包括母排201、功率模块30和驱动模块40。其中，母排201 也称为母线排，是指在电力设备中的主供电线路，具有大电流流通能力，通常包括铜排或铝排。
功率模块30包括动触头211和静触头222，静触头222与母排201电相连，动触头211可移动。在动触头211和静触头222接触的情况下，机械开关电路20导通，在动触头211和静触头222断开的情况下，机械开关电路20断开。可选地，动触头211和静触头222也可以合称为动触点系统。
可选地，母排201可包括第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2，静触头222包括第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2。第一静触头222-1与第一母排201-1相连，第二静触头222-2与第二母排201-2相连。第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2处于电气断开状态。因此，在静触头222和动触头211断开时，第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2处于断开状态，即机械开关电路20处于断开状态。在静触头222和动触头211接触时，动触头211将第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2连接起来，为第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2之间提供了低电阻路径，使得第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2电连接，即机械开关电路20处于导通状态。
在一些示例中，静触头222和母排201为一体化结构，或者说，静触头222为母排201的一部分。
驱动模块40，包括开关电路、动线圈210以及静线圈220，动线圈210和静线圈220呈相邻放置，开关电路用于控制动线圈210以及静线圈220的电流方向，动线圈210和静线圈220之间根据电流方向是否相同而相互吸引或相互排斥，以使得动线圈210带动动触头211和静触头222接触或断开。
其中，动线圈210被设计为能够带动动触头211移动。例如，动触头211和动线圈210为固定连接结构，或者，动触头211和动线圈210之间设置有联动结构。
本申请实施例对动触头211和动线圈210之间的具体连接方式不作限定，只要动线圈210在移动时，能够带动动触头211移动即可。
可选地，动触头211和动线圈210之间可以通过绝缘物质连接，即两者之间是电气绝缘的。作为示例，上述绝缘物质可以包括环氧树脂。
换句话说，开关电路可控制动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相同或者相反。
可选地，本申请实施例对动线圈210和静线圈220的具体放置方式不作限定，只要两者之间的距离能够产生相互排斥或相互吸引即可。
在一些示例中，若动线圈210和静线圈220之间呈并列放置。在流经动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相同的情况下，动线圈210远离静线圈220，并带动动触头211和静触头222断开。在流经动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相反的情况下，动线圈210靠近静线圈220，并带动动触头211和静触头222接触。
应理解，当两个线圈之间的电流方向相同时，两个线圈之间产生的磁场方向相反，因此线圈之间相互吸引。当两个线圈之间的电流方向相反时，两个线圈之间产生的磁场方向相同，因此线圈之间相互排斥。
可以理解为，开关电路、动线圈210和静线圈220组成驱动系统，动线圈210和动触头211、静触头222又组成了电枢系统。本申请利用电磁原理，使得动线圈210带动动触点系统实现接触和断开，能够减少机械开关电路20的开关时间。
应理解，机械开关电路20的开关时间与动线圈210和静线圈220之间的距离长短有关。以机械开关电路20断开为例，动线圈210和静线圈220之间的距离越短，动触头211脱离静触头222的速度就越快，驱动模块40启动和触点之间分离的延迟时间就越短，从而机械开关电路20的开关时间就越短。通过调整动线圈210和静线圈220之间的距离，可以实现对机械开关电路20的开关时间的调制。
机械开关电路20中利用电磁原理，使得动线圈210带动动触头211与静触头222接触或者断开，这种开关方式简化了传统机械开断电路中的联动装置，能够优化机械开关电路20的开关性能，例如，能够减少机械开关电路20的开关时间，从而减少了断路器100的开关时间。
继续参见图1，开关电路中可包括多个开关(S1～S4)，并通过控制多个开关之间导通或者关闭，来控制通过动线圈210以及静线圈220的电流方向。
在一些示例中，上述多个开关可以为可控式开关。具体地，上述可控式开关可以包括全控式开关或者半控式开关。其中，全控式开关又称为自关断器件，是指通过控制信号既可以控制其导通，又可以控制其关断的电力电子器件。全控式开关包括但不限于以下项：门极可关断晶闸管(gate-turn thyristor,GTO)、MOSFET，IGBT。
半控式开关，是指通过控制信号只能控制其导通，不能控制关断的电力电子器件。半控式开关包括但不限于以下项：晶闸管。
作为示例，图1中的开关电路包括第一开关S1至第四开关S4。其中，驱动模块40的第一端与第一开关S1的第一端以及第二开关S2的第一端相连，第一开关S1的第二端与静线圈220的第一端相连，第二开关S2的第二端与静线圈220的第二端相连，第三开关S3的第一端与静线圈220的第一端相连，第三开关S3的第二端与动线圈210的第一端相连，第四开关S4的第一端与静线圈220的第二端相连，第四开关S4的第二端与动线圈210的第一端相连，动线圈210的第二端与驱动模块40的第二端相连。
在图1中，动线圈210和静线圈220在工作时相互串联，并且呈并列放置。
应理解，图1中的开关电路仅仅作为示例，本申请中的开关电路也可以采取其它实现方式，只要其具有控制动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向的功能即可。
应理解，图1中的断路器100仅仅作为示例，经过适当的变形，断路器100中还可包括更多或更少的功能模块以及电路元器件。
应理解，本申请实施例中的两个器件之间相连，可以指直接相连，也可以指间接相连，在间接相连的情况下，两个器件之间还可以设置有其它单元、模块或者器件。
图2是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路200的工作状态示意图。图2中的动线圈210和静线圈220相互吸引。如图2所示，当需要导通机械开关电路20时，可控制第一开关S1和第四开关S4导通，并控制第二开关S2和第三开关S3断开。电流依次通过第一开关S1、静线圈220、第四开关S4以及动线圈210。通过动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相同，因此，动线圈210和静线圈220之间相互吸引，动线圈210带动动触点与静触点接触。
图3是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路200的工作状态示意图。图3中的动线圈210和静线圈220相互排斥。如图3所示，当需要断开机械开关电路20时，可控制第二开关S2和第三开关S3导通，并控制第一开关S1和第四开关S4断开。电流依次流过第二开关 S2、静线圈220、第三开关S3以及动线圈210。通过动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相反，因此，动线圈210和静线圈220之间相互排斥，动线圈210带动动触点和静触点断开。
可选地，上述开关电路中的开关的通断可以由控制模块控制，上述控制模块可以设置于机械开关电路20之中，也可以与独立于机械开关电路20之外，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地，如图1所示，机械开关电路20中还包括储能模块50，该储能模块50用于向驱动模块40提供电流，或者说，向驱动模块40提供流经动线圈210和静线圈220的电流。
在一些示例中，该储能模块50中可包括电容C1，电容C1用于储存电荷，并提供电流。作为示例，电容C1可以从母排201取电并存储电荷。或者，电容C1也可以采用其它取电方式，例如从电池取电等，本申请对此不作限定。电容C1可以提供瞬态大电流，以便于实现机械开关电路20的快速通断。
可选地，电容C1的第一端用于与所述驱动模块40的第一端相连，所述电容C1的第二端用于与所述驱动模块40的第二端相连。
可选地，电容C1可以是电解电容或薄膜电容，或者也可以是其它类型的电容。
进一步地，该储能模块50中还包括二极管D5，二极管D5与电容C1为并联关系。二级管D5的阳极与电容C1的第二端相连，二级管D5的阴极与电容C1的第一端相连。在C1两端并联二极管D5可以提高C1的放电效率，从而提高机械开关电路20的开关速度。
可选地，储能模块50也可以采用其他实现方式，只要其能实现为动线圈210和静线圈220提供电流的功能即可。例如，该储能模块50也可以包括电池，并通过电池提供电流。或者，储能模块50中还可以包括升压变换器或降压变换器，以对接收到的电压进行电平转换，然后向动线圈210和静线圈220输出电流。
图4是本申请又一实施例的断路器100的示意图。可选地，如图4所示，断路器100中还可以包括固态开关电路60，固态开关电路60与机械开关电路20相互并联。在断路器100导通时，固态开关电路60先于机械开关电路20导通，在固态开关电路60断开时，机械开关电路20先于固态开关电路60断开。
在本申请实施例中，断路器100采用机械开关电路20和固态开关电路60并联的形式，使用固态开关电路60可以避免机械开关电路20的触头在开通或者断开时产生电弧，从而缩短了燃弧时间，提高了断路器100的开关速度，并且还可以延长机械开关电路20的寿命。
可选地，本申请实施例对固态开关电路60的具体结构不作限定，只要其能实现固态开关电路60的功能即可。作为示例，下文中结合附图5～图7，介绍固态开关电路60的一个具体示例。
图5是本申请一实施例的固态开关电路60的结构示意图。如图5所示，固态开关电路60包括主开关电路61、吸收电路62以及缓冲电路63。
其中，主开关电路61包括二级管D1～D4，以及开关管K1。上述开关管K1可以为IGBT、集成门极换流晶闸管(integrated gate-commutated thyristor，IGCT)、MOS、BJT，也可以 为其它类型的开关器件。
如图5所示，固态开关电路60的第一端与二极管D1的阳极以及二极管D2的阴极相连，固态开关电路60的第二端与二极管D3的阳极以及二极管D4的阴极相连。二极管D1的阴极、二极管D3的阴极与开关管K1的第一端相连，二极管D2的阳极、二极管D4的阳极与开关管K1的第二端相连。
若开关管K1为IGBT，则开关管K1的第一端为IGBT的集电极、开关管K1的第二端为IGBT的射电极。
主开关电路61用于通过控制开关管K1的通断实现对固态开关电路60的控制，并且主开关电路61可以实现双向控制功能。
图6和图7分别示出了固态开关电路60在不同电流方向下的导通示意图。如图6所示，二极管D1、开关管K1以及二极管D4可以实现一个方向的电流通路，如图7所示，二极管D3、开关管K1以及二极管D4可以实现另一个方向上的电流通路。
吸收电路62可用于吸收开关管K1关断时的能量。吸收电路62中通常包括压敏电阻。压敏电阻可并联于电路中。当电路在正常使用时，压敏电阻的阻抗很高，漏电流很小，可视为开路，对电路几乎没有影响。但当一很高的突变电压到来时，压敏电阻的电阻值瞬间下降，使它可以流过很大的电流，同时将过电压箝位在一定数值。
缓冲电路63用于保护开关管K1在关断时不因过压而损坏，同时减少开关管K1的关断损耗。本申请对缓冲电路63的具体结构不作限定，只要其能实现上述功能即可。可选地，固态开关电路60中也可以不包括缓冲电路63。
接下来，将结合附图，描述本申请实施例的机械开关电路20的结构。图8是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20的立体剖面示意图。如图8所示，该机械开关电路20包括母排201、功率模块(图中未标注)以及驱动模块(图中未标注)。
功率模块包括动触头211和静触头222，静触头222与母排201电相连，动触头211可移动，在动触头211和静触头222接触的情况下，机械开关电路20导通，在动触头211和静触头222断开的情况下，机械开关电路20断开；
驱动模块包括动线圈210和静线圈220，动线圈210和静线圈220呈相邻放置，以使得动线圈210和静线圈220之间根据电流方向是否相同而相互排斥或相互吸引，动线圈210用于带动动触头211与静触头222接触或断开。
其中，动线圈210被设计为能够带动动触头211移动。例如，动触头211和动线圈210为固定连接结构，或者，动触头211和动线圈210之间设置有联动结构。
本申请实施例对动触头211和动线圈210之间的具体连接方式不作限定，只要动线圈210在移动时，能够带动动触头211移动即可。
可选地，动触头211和动线圈210之间可以通过绝缘物质连接，即两者之间是电气绝缘的。作为示例，上述绝缘物质可以包括环氧树脂。
由图8可见，上述母排201包括互不相连的两部分，可以分别称为第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2，静触头222包括第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2(参见图12)。第一静触头222-1与第一母排201-1相连，第二静触头222-2与第二母排201-2相连。第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2处于电气断开状态。因此，在静触头222和动触头211断开时，第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2处于电气断开状态，即机械开关电路20处于断 开状态。在静触头222和动触头211接触时，动触头211将第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2连接起来，为第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2之间提供了低电阻路径，使得第一母排201-1和第二母排201-2电连接，即机械开关电路20处于导通状态。
如图8所示，在一些示例中，动线圈210与动触头211同轴，动线圈210可带动动触头211沿轴向上下移动。进一步地，静线圈220也与动线圈210同轴。
图9是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20处于导通状态时的横截面示意图。如图9所示，动线圈210和静线圈220相互靠近并呈并列放置。在机械开关电路20处于导通状态的情况下，动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相反，动线圈210靠近静线圈220，并带动动触头211和静触头222接触，从而使得机械开关电路20导通。其中，图9中的F contact表示动线圈210以及动触头211受到的向下的吸力。
可选地，机械开关电路20中还设置有维持装置。维持装置可用于当动触头211和静触头222接触之后，维持动触头211和静触头222处于接触状态，以及当动触头211和静触头222断开后，维持动触头211和静触头222处于断开状态。例如，图9中的维持装置为电磁铁，上述电磁铁产生的吸力(F magnet)可使得动触头211和静触头222保持接触状态。应理解，上述维持装置仅作为示例，维持装置也可以采取其它实现方式。在一些示例中，维持装置也可以采取机械结构，例如搭扣等实现，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
图10是本申请一实施例的机械开关电路20处于导通状态时的横截面示意图。如图10所示，在机械开关电路20处于导通状态的情况下，动线圈210和静线圈220的电流方向相同，动线圈210远离静线圈220，并带动动触头211和静触头222断开，从而使得机械开关电路20导通。图10中的F open表示动线圈210和动触头211受到的向上的斥力。
可选地，动线圈210的绕制线圈使用第一导电材料，静线圈220的绕制线圈使用第二导电材料，第一导电材料的密度小于第二导电材料的密度。例如，动线圈210的导电材料可以采用铝，静线圈220的导电材料可以采用铜。
在本申请实施例中，动线圈210的绕制线圈可以采用密度较小的导电材料，减少动线圈210的质量，进而减少动线圈210移动时所需的能量，以达到节省机械开关电路20的功率的目的。
又例如，动线圈210的横截面也可以小于静线圈220的横截面，从而使得动线圈210的质量小于静线圈220的质量。
图11是本申请一实施例的动线圈210的俯视图。如图11所示，动线圈210的绕制线圈可以通过柔性的导线引出，从而使得电枢系统可以自动移动而不造成损坏。
图12是本申请一实施例的动触头211和静触头222的结构示意图。其中静触头包括第一静触头222-1和第二静触头222-2。如图12所示，动触头211用于确保动触头系统在闭合时，将位于两侧的静触头222连接起来，并提供低电阻路径。当电枢系统被激活，动线圈210沿其轴向向上移动，因此带动动触头211一起移动。需要说明的是，机械开关电路20的开关速度与动线圈210和静线圈220之间的距离有关。以机械开关电路20断开为例，双线圈之间距离越长，机械开关电路20开始启动和触点之间分离的延迟时间就越长。因此，可以通过减小双线圈之间的距离，来实现更快的动触头211脱离速度，从而可以提高机械开关电路20的开关速度，例如，可以实现几百μs(微秒)的开关速度。
如图12所示，在一些示例中，动触头211沿其第一表面具有突出部，以确保动、静 触点可靠连接，从而提高机械开关电路20的开关灵敏度。动触头211的第一表面用于与静触头222接触。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在2个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖 在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种断路器，其特征在于，包括机械开关电路，所述机械开关电路包括：
    母排；
    功率模块，包括动触头和静触头，所述静触头与所述母排电相连，所述动触头可移动，在所述动触头和所述静触头接触的情况下，所述机械开关电路导通，在所述动触头和所述静触头断开的情况下，所述机械开关电路断开；
    驱动模块，包括开关电路、动线圈以及静线圈，所述动线圈和所述静线圈呈相邻放置，所述开关电路用于控制所述动线圈以及所述静线圈的电流方向，所述动线圈和所述静线圈之间根据电流方向是否相同而相互吸引或相互排斥，以使得所述动线圈带动所述动触头和所述静触头接触或断开。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述动线圈和所述动触头为固定连接结构，或者，所述动线圈和所述动触头之间设置有联动结构。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的断路器，其特征在于，还包括：固态开关电路，所述固态开关电路与所述机械开关电路并联，其中，在所述断路器导通时，所述固态开关电路先于所述机械开关电路导通，在所述断路器断开时，所述机械开关电路先于所述固态开关电路断开。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述动线圈用于：在流经所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同的情况下，远离所述静线圈，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头断开；以及，在流经所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相反的情况下，靠近所述静线圈，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头接触。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述开关电路包括第一开关S1至第四开关S4，
    其中，所述驱动模块的第一端与所述第一开关S1的第一端以及所述第二开关S2的第一端相连，所述第一开关S1的第二端与所述静线圈的第一端相连，所述第二开关S2的第二端与所述静线圈的第二端相连，所述第三开关S3的第一端与所述静线圈的第一端相连，所述第三开关S3的第二端与所述动线圈的第一端相连，所述第四开关S4的第一端与所述静线圈的第二端相连，所述第四开关S4的第二端与所述动线圈的第一端相连，所述动线圈的第二端与所述驱动模块的第二端相连。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的断路器，其特征在于，在所述第一开关S1和所述第四开关S4导通，以及所述第二开关S2和所述第三开关S3断开的情况下，流过所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同，所述动线圈和所述静线圈相互吸引，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头之间连接。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的断路器，其特征在于，在所述第二开关S2和所述第三开关S3导通，以及所述第一开关S1和所述第四开关S4断开的情况下，流过所述动线圈和所述静线圈的电流方向相同，所述动线圈和所述静线圈相互吸引，并带动所述动触头和所述静触头之间断开。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述驱动模块中还包括储 能模块，所述储能模块用于为所述驱动模块提供电流。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述储能单元包括电容C1，其中，电容C1的第一端用于与所述驱动模块的第一端相连，所述电容C1的第二端用于与所述驱动模块的第二端相连。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述储能模块中还包括二极管D5，所述二级管D5的阳极与所述电容C1的第二端相连，所述二级管D5的阴极与所述电容C1的第一端相连。
  11. 如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的断路器，其特征在于，所述动线圈和所述静线圈在工作时相互串联。
  12. 一种供电系统，其特征在于，所述供电系统中包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的断路器。
PCT/CN2021/084131 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 断路器和供电系统 WO2022204996A1 (zh)

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CN202180014583.1A CN115485802A (zh) 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 断路器和供电系统
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