WO2022201249A1 - Rearing method and rearing device for large embryos of marine fish including chondrichthyes and some osteichthyes - Google Patents

Rearing method and rearing device for large embryos of marine fish including chondrichthyes and some osteichthyes Download PDF

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WO2022201249A1
WO2022201249A1 PCT/JP2021/011737 JP2021011737W WO2022201249A1 WO 2022201249 A1 WO2022201249 A1 WO 2022201249A1 JP 2021011737 W JP2021011737 W JP 2021011737W WO 2022201249 A1 WO2022201249 A1 WO 2022201249A1
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rearing
solution
embryo
embryos
water
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PCT/JP2021/011737
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実 戸田
武照 冨田
圭一 佐藤
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一般財団法人沖縄美ら島財団
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Priority to PCT/JP2021/011737 priority patent/WO2022201249A1/en
Publication of WO2022201249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022201249A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish

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  • the present invention relates to a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificially breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and part of teleost marine fish.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for cultivating fish using artificial breeding water having an osmotic pressure approximately equal to that of fish blood. According to the present invention, by cultivating and breeding in an environment where it is not necessary to adjust the osmotic pressure, the burden on the body of saltwater fish and freshwater fish can be reduced, and culturing and breeding can be carried out more efficiently.
  • Patent Document 1 targets seawater fish and freshwater fish, including both edible and ornamental fish, but does not raise embryos. Embryos are originally required to grow in the uterus or eggs, and can be easily reared even with artificial breeding water having an osmotic pressure approximately equal to that of fish blood. is not.
  • the present inventor invented a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificial breeding in order to make use of embryos born prematurely or embryos found in dead pregnant mothers. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificially breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish.
  • the present invention takes the following technical solutions to solve the above problems in the prior art.
  • the term "large embryo” refers to a large embryo, whether oviparous or viviparous, that is produced by cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish for breeding purposes.
  • the solution for breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish according to the present invention is In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86, It is characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved.
  • Plasma of marine cartilaginous fish has a salt concentration about half that of seawater, but osmotic pressure-adjusting substances such as urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) are dissolved in the plasma. is kept in As a result, marine cartilaginous fish can live without dehydration even in seawater with high salinity and high osmotic pressure. Focusing on this point, the present inventor invented a breeding solution in which only urea is dissolved in a mixed solution of seawater and freshwater after intensive research.
  • TMAO trimethylamine oxide
  • the apparatus for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some of the Osteichthyes marine fishes according to the present invention is an apparatus using the solution for rearing the large embryos of the above-mentioned Chondrichthyes and some of the Osteichthyes marine fishes. be.
  • the apparatus for rearing large embryos for cartilaginous fish and some osteichthyes marine fish is an embryo rearing container for rearing large embryos having a smooth or villus-shaped inner surface; a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container; a solution exchange tank for exchanging the solution for breeding large embryos; a solution reservoir for storing a solution for water replacement; two or more purification filters with different pore sizes for removing bacteria in the solution; a biofiltration filter for removing bacteria in solution; an ultraviolet sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the solution;
  • a large embryo rearing device consisting of In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86, It is characterized by circulating a solution for rearing large embryos in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved.
  • Urea is a substance that easily causes bacteria to proliferate, and when it is decomposed, it is a substance that easily becomes harmful ammonia. Since the yolk and body of embryos are easily damaged, we invented a rearing device that can be reared in an optimal container.
  • the method for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish includes: In a large embryo rearing container with a smooth or villi-shaped inner surface, In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86, circulating a large embryo breeding solution in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved; While changing the water regularly, It is characterized by removing and sterilizing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos by two or more purification filters with different pore sizes, a biological filtration filter, and an ultraviolet sterilization device.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a large embryo breeding apparatus.
  • the large embryo rearing apparatus includes a large embryo rearing container 1 for rearing the large embryo, a water tank 2 for housing the large embryo rearing container, and a large embryo rearing solution for rearing the large embryo, which is circulated, replaced, and replaced.
  • a return tank 3 for aeration a water tank 4 for storing the solution for rearing large embryos for water exchange, a purification filter 5 for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos and purifying the water quality, and a solution for rearing large embryos.
  • the container 1 for rearing large embryos has a smooth or villi-like inner surface so that the yolk sac and the body of the large embryo are not damaged or pressed.
  • the top surface of the large-sized embryo rearing container 1 is open, and the opening is covered with a net.
  • the container 1 for rearing large embryos can be closed with a pipe for flowing the solution for rearing large embryos into and out of the container.
  • the large embryo rearing container 1 is installed in the water tank 2 in a state of being submerged in the water tank 2. - ⁇
  • the size of the large embryo breeding container 1 can be changed depending on the large embryo to be reared and its growth period. used a container.
  • the water tank 2 It is sufficient for the water tank 2 to have a size that accommodates the large embryo breeding container 1 .
  • the water tank 2 was equipped with a titanium coil conduit through which cold water was passed, and the temperature in the water tank 2 was adjusted to 11 to 14°C. If a high-resistance filter is used to sterilize or purify the solution for rearing large embryos, and high circulation is maintained while maintaining the cleanliness of the solution, the mechanical heat of the high-head magnet pump and heat dissipation from the filter will be strong. As a result, the large-embryo breeding solution is heated, so thorough cooling is required to maintain the optimum water temperature for the breeding subject.
  • a large embryo breeding solution for breeding large embryos is circulated at a high rate, and in the large embryo breeding container 1 installed in the water tank 2, the optimized large embryos are stored. Adequate amount of feeding solution is flowing in and out.
  • the large-embryo-rearing solution circulates into the large-embryo-rearing container 1 only by natural inflow and outflow from the opening of the top surface of the large-embryo-rearing container 1 covered with a net. This is done by pouring and draining the solution.
  • a water supply pipe and a drain pipe may be attached to the large-sized embryo rearing container 1 so that the solution for large-sized embryo rearing can be forcibly flowed into and out of the large-sized embryo rearing container.
  • a solution for rearing large embryos was prepared by mixing seawater and freshwater at a ratio of 1:0.86 and dissolving 35 g of urea per liter.
  • the solution for rearing large embryos it is desirable to dissolve 30 to 60 g of urea per liter in a mixed solution of seawater and fresh water at a ratio of 1:0.86.
  • the solution for rearing large embryos can dissolve 32-38 g of urea per liter when the ratio of seawater and fresh water is 1:0.7-1.
  • the amount of seawater dissolved in the large embryo rearing solution is just over half that of seawater.
  • the osmotic pressure of the solution for rearing large embryos was 940 to 1,100 mOsm, the same as seawater.
  • a return tank 3 is provided for changing the water of the solution for rearing large embryos.
  • an overflow pipe was installed in the return tank 3 in order to replace water while artificially continuing breeding.
  • a water tank 4 is provided for storing a solution for rearing large embryos for water replacement. It is desirable to change the frequency and amount of water change depending on the growth period of the large embryos and the species of fish. solution was used. Since the concentration of ammonia in the solution for feeding large embryos increased while the large embryos were being reared, the solution for feeding large embryos was replaced so that the ammonia concentration did not exceed 400 ⁇ g/dL.
  • a purification filter 5 is provided for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos.
  • a plurality of purifying filters 5 can be provided, and the pore size is changed from coarse to fine in order to prevent clogging of the filters.
  • the minimum diameter of the purification filter 5 is desirably 0.65 ⁇ m or less, which captures many bacteria.
  • a total of three filters, a first filter 5a (pore size of 25 to 10 ⁇ m), a second filter 5b (pore size of 2 to 1 ⁇ m), and a third filter 5c (pore size of 0.65 ⁇ m) having different pore sizes, are used.
  • the embryo rearing solution was filtered at 10 L per minute.
  • the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c are each made of the same filter so that the purification filter 5 can be replaced without stopping the circulation of the solution for rearing large embryos.
  • Two pore size filters are provided in parallel. As a result, each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c can be replaced without stopping the circulation even if one of the two filters is clogged.
  • the circulation amount of the solution for rearing large embryos is set to about 320 turns per day (the amount is changed 320 times per day, which is 24 to 50 turns in normal fish rearing). Considering that it is a turn, it is about 7 to 13 times.).
  • the bacteria and viruses that passed through the third filter 5c were sterilized with ultraviolet light. It is sterilized by the device 6. Without filtering through the purification filter 5 or using the ultraviolet sterilization device 6, 10 5 /mL or more of bacteria would grow in the solution for rearing large embryos in a few days.
  • nitrite nitrogen was detected as ammonium nitrogen produced by filtered bacteria. No nitrite nitrogen was detected. It is considered that this is because the action of biological filtration by the purification filter 5 causes a nitrification action in which toxic ammonium nitrogen is changed into a safer nitrogen compound.
  • a flow meter 7 for keeping the flow rate constant and a pump 8 for circulating the large embryo feeding solution are provided. Since the pump 8 passes through the third filter 5c of 0.65 ⁇ m, it has a high discharge pressure in consideration of the resistance thereof. ing.
  • the drive part of the magnet pump is made of highly insoluble resin, and is completely isolated from the solution for raising large embryos.
  • a bypass pipe returning to the return tank 3 is arranged between the first filter 5a and the second filter 5b. This is done only by physically removing harmful substances in the solution for feeding large embryos when filtered bacteria are propagated in the first filter 5a and the solution for feeding large embryos is circulated through the first filter 5a.
  • the first filter 5a can also be used as a biological filtration filter that decomposes harmful substances, and the increase in ammonia nitrogen can be reduced by being able to utilize the first filter 5a as a biological filtration filter.
  • Large embryos are reared in a large embryo breeding container 1 having a smooth or villus-shaped inner surface.
  • the container 1 for rearing large embryos has an opening at the top, and the opening is covered with a net. Pour and drain the solution. The temperature of the large embryo rearing solution is adjusted to 12°C. In addition, they are reared in a state in which the solution for rearing large embryos is constantly circulating.
  • a solution for rearing large embryos was prepared by mixing seawater and freshwater at a ratio of 1:0.86 and dissolving 35 g of urea per liter.
  • the solution for rearing large embryos it is desirable to dissolve 30 to 60 g of urea per liter in a mixed solution of seawater and fresh water at a ratio of 1:0.86.
  • the solution for rearing large embryos can dissolve 32-38 g of urea per liter when the ratio of seawater and fresh water is 1:0.7-1.
  • the amount of seawater dissolved in the large embryo rearing solution is just over half that of seawater.
  • the osmotic pressure of the solution for rearing large embryos was 940 to 1,100 mOsm, the same as seawater.
  • Water is changed in a water tank 4 that stores a solution for rearing large embryos for water change. It is desirable to change the frequency and amount of water change depending on the growth period of the large embryos and the species of fish. solution was used. Since the concentration of ammonia in the solution for feeding large embryos increased while the large embryos were being reared, the solution for feeding large embryos was replaced so that the ammonia concentration did not exceed 400 ⁇ g/dL.
  • the purifying filter 5 removes the bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos.
  • a plurality of purifying filters 5 can be provided, and the pore size is changed from coarse to fine in order to prevent clogging of the filters.
  • the minimum diameter of the purification filter 5 is desirably 0.65 ⁇ m or less, which captures many bacteria.
  • a total of three filters, a first filter 5a (pore size of 25 to 10 ⁇ m), a second filter 5b (pore size of 2 to 1 ⁇ m), and a third filter 5c (pore size of 0.65 ⁇ m) having different pore sizes, are used.
  • the embryo rearing solution was filtered at 10 L per minute.
  • each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c has two filters with the same pore size.
  • each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c can be replaced without stopping the circulation even if one of the two filters is clogged. ing.
  • the circulation amount of the solution for rearing large embryos is set to about 320 turns per day (the amount is changed 320 times per day, which is 24 to 50 turns in normal fish rearing). Considering that it is a turn, it is about 7 to 13 times.).
  • the bacteria and viruses that passed through the third filter 5c were sterilized with ultraviolet light. It is sterilized by the device 6. Without filtering through the purification filter 5 or using the ultraviolet sterilization device 6, 10 5 /mL or more of bacteria would grow in the solution for rearing large embryos in a few days.
  • nitrite nitrogen was detected as ammonium nitrogen produced by filtered bacteria. No nitrite nitrogen was detected. It is considered that this is because the action of biological filtration by the purification filter 5 causes a nitrification action in which toxic ammonium nitrogen is changed into a safer nitrogen compound.
  • a flow meter 7 and a pump 8 are provided to circulate the solution for feeding large embryos while maintaining a constant flow rate. Since the pump 8 passes through the third filter 5c of 0.65 ⁇ m, it has a high discharge pressure in consideration of the resistance thereof. ing.
  • the drive part of the magnet pump is made of highly insoluble resin, and is completely isolated from the solution for raising large embryos.

Abstract

[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a rearing method and a rearing device for artificially rearing: large embryos of marine fish including Chondrichthyes and some Osteichthyes that have been born prematurely; and large embryos of marine fish including Chondrichthyes and some Osteichthyes that are in pregnant maternal bodies that have died. [Solution] The present invention is characterized by being a rearing device for large embryos of marine fish including Chondrichthyes and some Osteichthyes that comprises a large embryo rearing container for rearing the large embryos, a water tank for accommodating the large embryo rearing container, a water circulation tank for circulating, replacing, and aerating a large embryo rearing solution, a water storage tank for storing replacement large embryo rearing solution, a purification filter for removing bacteria in the large embryo rearing solution, and a sterilization device for sterilizing the bacteria in the large embryo rearing solution, wherein the large embryos of marine fish including Chondrichthyes and some Osteichthyes are artificially reared by circulating the large embryo rearing solution, in which 30–60 g/L of urea has been dissolved in a mixed liquid of sea water and fresh water at a ratio of 1:0.86.

Description

軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育方法及び飼育装置Method and apparatus for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some osteichthyes marine fish
本発明は、軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔を人工的に飼育する飼育方法及び飼育装置に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificially breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and part of teleost marine fish.
世界の水圏には、多種多様な魚類が生息しているが、特に大型の卵、幼魚を少産繁殖する軟骨魚綱や一部の硬骨魚綱の魚類は、近年、世界各地で生息数の減少や絶滅の危機が指摘されているものが多い。
その理由に、水圏は陸上とは異なった環境であり、そこに生息する生き物の情報が少なく、特に軟骨魚綱や一部の硬骨魚綱の海産魚類は大型の胚仔を少産する繁殖戦略をとるものが多く、その扱いが困難で、繁殖生態の調査・研究が進んでいないことが挙げられる。 A wide variety of fish species inhabit the world's aquatic environment. Many of them are in danger of decline or extinction.
The reason for this is that the aquatic environment is a different environment from land, and there is little information about the organisms that inhabit it. It is difficult to handle them, and research on breeding ecology is not progressing.
近年、軟骨魚綱や一部の硬骨魚綱の海産魚類を水族館で飼育する例が増えてきており、飼育管理中や海洋での個体採集時に、妊娠した母体が発見されることがあるが、早産により衰弱したり、生きていてもやがて死亡してしまい、生かすことができなかった。
しかし、この死亡した母体から早産で生まれてしまった胚仔や、死亡した妊娠母体中に見つかった胚仔は、その発見時は、まだ生きていることがある。
この胚仔を生かすことが出来れば、多くの知見を得ることができ、軟骨魚綱や一部の硬骨魚綱の海産魚類の保全にも大きな寄与となる。
そのためには、大型胚仔を人工的に飼育する必要がある。 In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of marine fishes of the order Cartilaginous fish and some Osteichthyes kept in aquariums. They were weakened by premature birth, and even if they were alive they died before long, so they could not be kept alive.
However, embryos born prematurely from dead mothers and embryos found in dead pregnant mothers may still be alive at the time of their discovery.
If we can make use of this embryo, we will be able to obtain a lot of knowledge, and it will be a great contribution to the conservation of marine fishes such as cartilaginous fishes and some bony fishes.
For that purpose, it is necessary to artificially breed large embryos.
特許文献１には、魚の血液の浸透圧と略等しい浸透圧を有する人工飼育水を用いた魚の養殖方法が開示されている。
この発明によれば、浸透圧調整を行う必要がなくなる環境下で養殖や飼育をすることで、海水魚や淡水魚への体の負担が軽減し、より効率よく養殖や飼育を行うことができる。 Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for cultivating fish using artificial breeding water having an osmotic pressure approximately equal to that of fish blood.
According to the present invention, by cultivating and breeding in an environment where it is not necessary to adjust the osmotic pressure, the burden on the body of saltwater fish and freshwater fish can be reduced, and culturing and breeding can be carried out more efficiently.
特開２０１２-１３５２８５公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-135285
しかし、特許文献１の発明は、食用、観賞用いずれも含む海水魚、淡水魚を対象とするものの、胚仔を飼育するものではない。
胚仔は、本来的には子宮や卵の中で成長することが必要な状態であって、魚の血液の浸透圧と略等しい浸透圧を有する人工飼育水をもってしても、容易に飼育できるものではない。 However, the invention of Patent Document 1 targets seawater fish and freshwater fish, including both edible and ornamental fish, but does not raise embryos.
Embryos are originally required to grow in the uterus or eggs, and can be easily reared even with artificial breeding water having an osmotic pressure approximately equal to that of fish blood. is not.
そこで、本発明者は、鋭意研究の結果、早産で生まれてしまった胚仔や、死亡した妊娠母体中に見つかった胚仔を生かすため、人工的に飼育する飼育方法及び飼育装置を発明した。
したがって、本発明は、上記の問題を解決するため、軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔を人工的に飼育する飼育方法及び飼育装置を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, as a result of intensive research, the present inventor invented a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificial breeding in order to make use of embryos born prematurely or embryos found in dead pregnant mothers.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a breeding method and a breeding apparatus for artificially breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish.
本発明は、従来技術における上記問題点を解決するために、以下の技術的な解決策を講じている。
なお、本発明における「大型胚仔」とは、軟骨魚綱、一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類が繁殖のために出産する卵生、胎生問わない大型の胚仔である。 The present invention takes the following technical solutions to solve the above problems in the prior art.
In the present invention, the term "large embryo" refers to a large embryo, whether oviparous or viviparous, that is produced by cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish for breeding purposes.
本発明にかかる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、
１：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
ことを特徴とする。 The solution for breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish according to the present invention is
In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
It is characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved.
海生軟骨魚類の血漿は、塩濃度が海水の約半分であるものの、尿素、トリメチルアミンオキサイド（ＴＭＡＯ）等の浸透圧調整物質が溶解しており、その働きによって、浸透圧が、海水と略同じに保たれている。
これにより、海生軟骨魚類は、高塩分・高浸透圧環境の海水でも、脱水されずに生息できている。
この点に着目し、本発明者は、鋭意研究のうえ、海水と淡水の混合液中に、尿素のみを溶解させる飼育用溶液を発明した。 Plasma of marine cartilaginous fish has a salt concentration about half that of seawater, but osmotic pressure-adjusting substances such as urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) are dissolved in the plasma. is kept in
As a result, marine cartilaginous fish can live without dehydration even in seawater with high salinity and high osmotic pressure.
Focusing on this point, the present inventor invented a breeding solution in which only urea is dissolved in a mixed solution of seawater and freshwater after intensive research.
本発明にかかる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置は、上記した軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を使った装置である。
具体的には、本発明にかかる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置は、
内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する胚仔飼育容器と、
大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽と、
大型胚仔を飼育する溶液を換水するための溶液換水槽と、
換水用の溶液を貯水する溶液貯水槽と、
溶液中の細菌を除去するための孔径が異なる２以上の浄化フィルターと、
溶液中の細菌を除去するための生物濾過フィルターと、
溶液中の細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置と、
からなる大型胚仔飼育装置に、
１：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環させている
ことを特徴とする。 The apparatus for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some of the Osteichthyes marine fishes according to the present invention is an apparatus using the solution for rearing the large embryos of the above-mentioned Chondrichthyes and some of the Osteichthyes marine fishes. be.
Specifically, the apparatus for rearing large embryos for cartilaginous fish and some osteichthyes marine fish according to the present invention is
an embryo rearing container for rearing large embryos having a smooth or villus-shaped inner surface;
a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container;
a solution exchange tank for exchanging the solution for breeding large embryos;
a solution reservoir for storing a solution for water replacement;
two or more purification filters with different pore sizes for removing bacteria in the solution;
a biofiltration filter for removing bacteria in solution;
an ultraviolet sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the solution;
In a large embryo rearing device consisting of
In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
It is characterized by circulating a solution for rearing large embryos in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved.
尿素は細菌が増殖しやすく、分解されると有害なアンモニアになりやすい物質でもあるため、これを防ぐための飼育装置を発明したものであり、
胚仔は、卵黄や体が傷つきやすいため、最適な容器内で飼育できる飼育装置を発明した。 Urea is a substance that easily causes bacteria to proliferate, and when it is decomposed, it is a substance that easily becomes harmful ammonia.
Since the yolk and body of embryos are easily damaged, we invented a rearing device that can be reared in an optimal container.
本発明にかかる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育方法は、
内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている大型胚仔飼育容器内で、
１：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環させ、
定期的に換水しながら、
孔径が異なる２以上の浄化フィルター、生物濾過フィルター、紫外線殺菌装置によって
大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去、殺菌する
ことを特徴とする。 The method for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish according to the present invention includes:
In a large embryo rearing container with a smooth or villi-shaped inner surface,
In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
circulating a large embryo breeding solution in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved;
While changing the water regularly,
It is characterized by removing and sterilizing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos by two or more purification filters with different pore sizes, a biological filtration filter, and an ultraviolet sterilization device.
大型胚仔飼育装置の一実施例の構成を示す図A diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of a large embryo breeding apparatus.
本実施例では、卵黄依存型胎生魚である軟骨魚綱板鰓類のヒレタカフジクジラの胚仔を飼育する装置及び方法について説明する。 In the present embodiment, an apparatus and method for rearing embryos of a chondrophyte elasmobranch fin-finned whale, which is a yolk-dependent viviparous fish, will be described.
図１は、大型胚仔飼育装置の構成を示す図である。
大型胚仔飼育装置は、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器１、大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽２、大型胚仔を飼育するための大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環、換水、曝気する還水槽３、換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽４、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去して水質浄化するための浄化フィルター５、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌、ウイルスを殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置６、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の流量を一定に保つための流量計７、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環・換水させるためのポンプ８、からなる。
図中の矢印は、大型胚仔飼育用溶液が流れる方向を示している。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a large embryo breeding apparatus.
The large embryo rearing apparatus includes a large embryo rearing container 1 for rearing the large embryo, a water tank 2 for housing the large embryo rearing container, and a large embryo rearing solution for rearing the large embryo, which is circulated, replaced, and replaced. A return tank 3 for aeration, a water tank 4 for storing the solution for rearing large embryos for water exchange, a purification filter 5 for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos and purifying the water quality, and a solution for rearing large embryos. From an ultraviolet sterilizer 6 for sterilizing bacteria and viruses inside, a flow meter 7 for keeping the flow rate of the large embryo breeding solution constant, and a pump 8 for circulating and replacing the large embryo breeding solution. Become.
The arrows in the figure indicate the direction in which the solution for rearing large embryos flows.
大型胚仔飼育容器１は、大型胚仔の卵黄嚢や胚仔本体が損傷したり、圧迫されたりしないように、内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている。
大型胚仔飼育容器１の天面は開口しており、開口部分は網で覆われている。
また、大型胚仔飼育容器１は開口部を閉めて、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を容器内に流入出させるための管を取り付けることもできる。
大型胚仔飼育容器１は、水槽２内に沈められた状態で、水槽２内に設置されている。
大型胚仔飼育容器１の大きさは、飼育する大型胚仔やその生育時期によって変えることができるが、本実施例では、直径９ｃｍ、高さ１１ｃｍ、容量５００ｍＬの透明なポリ塩化ビニル樹脂製の容器を使用した。 The container 1 for rearing large embryos has a smooth or villi-like inner surface so that the yolk sac and the body of the large embryo are not damaged or pressed.
The top surface of the large-sized embryo rearing container 1 is open, and the opening is covered with a net.
In addition, the container 1 for rearing large embryos can be closed with a pipe for flowing the solution for rearing large embryos into and out of the container.
The large embryo rearing container 1 is installed in the water tank 2 in a state of being submerged in the water tank 2. - 特許庁
The size of the large embryo breeding container 1 can be changed depending on the large embryo to be reared and its growth period. used a container.
水槽２は、大型胚仔飼育容器１を収容する大きさであれば足りる。
水槽２には、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の温度を一定に保つため、冷水を通したチタンコイルの導管を設置し、水槽２内の温度を１１～１４℃になるように調節した。
なお、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の除菌や浄化のために高抵抗のフィルターを使用し、溶液の清浄性を保ちながら高循環する場合、高揚程マグネットポンプの機械熱やフィルターからの放熱が強くなって、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を加温してしまうため、飼育対象の最適水温が保たれるように徹底した冷却が必要となる。 It is sufficient for the water tank 2 to have a size that accommodates the large embryo breeding container 1 .
In order to keep the temperature of the solution for rearing large embryos constant, the water tank 2 was equipped with a titanium coil conduit through which cold water was passed, and the temperature in the water tank 2 was adjusted to 11 to 14°C.
If a high-resistance filter is used to sterilize or purify the solution for rearing large embryos, and high circulation is maintained while maintaining the cleanliness of the solution, the mechanical heat of the high-head magnet pump and heat dissipation from the filter will be strong. As a result, the large-embryo breeding solution is heated, so thorough cooling is required to maintain the optimum water temperature for the breeding subject.
水槽２内には、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育用溶液が高循環しており、水槽２内に設置されている大型胚仔飼育容器１内には、その最適化した大型胚仔飼育用溶液が適量流入、流出している。
大型胚仔飼育容器１への大型胚仔飼育用溶液の循環は、網で覆われた大型胚仔飼育容器１の天面の開口部分からの自然流入、自然流出のみであり、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の注水、排水によって行われる。
また、大型胚仔飼育容器１には、給水管、排水管を取り付け、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を大型胚仔飼育容器内に強制的に流入、流出させることもできる。 In the water tank 2, a large embryo breeding solution for breeding large embryos is circulated at a high rate, and in the large embryo breeding container 1 installed in the water tank 2, the optimized large embryos are stored. Adequate amount of feeding solution is flowing in and out.
The large-embryo-rearing solution circulates into the large-embryo-rearing container 1 only by natural inflow and outflow from the opening of the top surface of the large-embryo-rearing container 1 covered with a net. This is done by pouring and draining the solution.
Also, a water supply pipe and a drain pipe may be attached to the large-sized embryo rearing container 1 so that the solution for large-sized embryo rearing can be forcibly flowed into and out of the large-sized embryo rearing container.
大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、海水と淡水を１：０.８６の割合で混ぜ、１Ｌ当たりの尿素３５ｇを溶解したものを用いた。
なお、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、１：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中、尿素を１Ｌ当たり３０～６０ｇ溶解することが望ましい。
さらに、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、海水と淡水の混合液を１：０.７～１の割合にする場合、尿素を１Ｌ当たり３２～３８ｇ溶解することもできる。 A solution for rearing large embryos was prepared by mixing seawater and freshwater at a ratio of 1:0.86 and dissolving 35 g of urea per liter.
As for the solution for rearing large embryos, it is desirable to dissolve 30 to 60 g of urea per liter in a mixed solution of seawater and fresh water at a ratio of 1:0.86.
Furthermore, the solution for rearing large embryos can dissolve 32-38 g of urea per liter when the ratio of seawater and fresh water is 1:0.7-1.
大型胚仔飼育用溶液中に溶存する海水中の物質は、海水の半分強である。
また、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の浸透圧は、海水と同じ９４０～１,１００mOsmにした。 The amount of seawater dissolved in the large embryo rearing solution is just over half that of seawater.
The osmotic pressure of the solution for rearing large embryos was 940 to 1,100 mOsm, the same as seawater.
大型胚仔飼育用溶液内に蓄積した窒素化合物を除去するため、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を換水するための還水槽３を設けている。
本実施例では、人工的に飼育を継続しながら換水するために、還水槽３にオバーフロー菅を設置した。 In order to remove nitrogen compounds accumulated in the solution for rearing large embryos, a return tank 3 is provided for changing the water of the solution for rearing large embryos.
In this example, an overflow pipe was installed in the return tank 3 in order to replace water while artificially continuing breeding.
換水には、多くの水量を必要とするため、換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽４を設けている。
換水の頻度や水量は、大型胚仔の生育時期や魚種によって変えることが望ましいが、本実施例では、約１０日に１回換水を行い、１回の換水で最大１１０Ｌの大型胚仔飼育用溶液を使用した。
大型胚仔を飼育している間は、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中のアンモニア濃度が上昇するため、アンモニア濃度が４００μｇ／ｄＬを超えないように大型胚仔飼育用溶液を交換した。 Since a large amount of water is required for water replacement, a water tank 4 is provided for storing a solution for rearing large embryos for water replacement.
It is desirable to change the frequency and amount of water change depending on the growth period of the large embryos and the species of fish. solution was used.
Since the concentration of ammonia in the solution for feeding large embryos increased while the large embryos were being reared, the solution for feeding large embryos was replaced so that the ammonia concentration did not exceed 400 μg/dL.
このように、換水には、多くの大型胚仔飼育用溶液を必要とするが、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、飼育時間の経過と供に、アンモニア態窒素等の窒素化合物が蓄積するだけでなく、細菌も増殖する。
特に、本実施例では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液に、多くの尿素を溶解させているため、細菌が増殖しやすい。
そこで、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去するための浄化フィルター５を設けている。 As described above, water changes require a large amount of the solution for rearing large embryos, but the solution for rearing large embryos only accumulates nitrogen compounds such as ammonium nitrogen as the rearing time elapses. and bacteria grow.
In particular, in this example, since a large amount of urea is dissolved in the solution for rearing large embryos, bacteria are likely to proliferate.
Therefore, a purification filter 5 is provided for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos.
浄化フィルター５は、複数設けることができ、フィルターの目詰まりを防ぐために、荒い孔径から細かい孔径にする。
但し、浄化フィルター５の最小径は、多くの細菌を捕捉する０.６５μ以下であることが望ましい。
本実施例では、孔径が異なる第１フィルター５ａ（孔径２５～１０μ）、第２フィルター５ｂ（孔径２～１μ）、第３フィルター５ｃ（孔径０．６５μ）の計３つのフィルターを用いて、大型胚仔を飼育する溶液を毎分１０Ｌで濾過した。 A plurality of purifying filters 5 can be provided, and the pore size is changed from coarse to fine in order to prevent clogging of the filters.
However, the minimum diameter of the purification filter 5 is desirably 0.65 μm or less, which captures many bacteria.
In this embodiment, a total of three filters, a first filter 5a (pore size of 25 to 10 μm), a second filter 5b (pore size of 2 to 1 μm), and a third filter 5c (pore size of 0.65 μm) having different pore sizes, are used. The embryo rearing solution was filtered at 10 L per minute.
また、本実施例では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の循環を停止することなく浄化フィルター５を交換できるようにするため、第１フィルター５ａ、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃのそれぞれが、同じ孔径のフィルターを２台ずつ並列に備えている。
これにより、第１フィルター５ａ、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃのそれぞれが、２つのうちの１つのフィルターが詰まる事故が起きても、循環を止めずに交換できる状態にしている。 In addition, in this embodiment, the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c are each made of the same filter so that the purification filter 5 can be replaced without stopping the circulation of the solution for rearing large embryos. Two pore size filters are provided in parallel.
As a result, each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c can be replaced without stopping the circulation even if one of the two filters is clogged.
大型胚仔は、本来、細菌が存在しない卵や子宮内で成育することから、大型胚仔飼育容器１内を無菌状態に近づけるため、浄化フィルター５で捕捉できないウイルスや、浄化フィルター５を通過してきた細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置６を設けている。
第１フィルター５ａで発生した濾過細菌は、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃ、紫外線殺菌装置６で除去、殺菌される。
殺菌・抗菌剤等の薬剤は、胚仔や装置内環境に著しい悪影響を及ぼすことから、使用できない。
そこで、本実施例では、胚仔や装置内環境への影響が少ない物理的に細菌除去するフィルターや、局所的で大型胚仔飼育用溶液への影響が少ない紫外線殺菌を行っている。 Large embryos originally grow in eggs and wombs where bacteria do not exist. Therefore, in order to bring the inside of the large embryo breeding container 1 close to a sterile state, viruses that cannot be captured by the purification filter 5 and viruses that cannot be captured by the purification filter 5 and those that pass through the purification filter 5 are removed. An ultraviolet sterilization device 6 is provided for sterilizing bacteria.
Filtered bacteria generated in the first filter 5a are removed and sterilized by the second filter 5b, the third filter 5c, and the ultraviolet sterilizer 6. FIG.
Chemical agents such as bactericidal agents and antibacterial agents cannot be used because they have a significant adverse effect on the embryos and the environment inside the apparatus.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a filter that physically removes bacteria with less effect on the embryos and the environment inside the device, and ultraviolet sterilization that has less effect on the solution for breeding large embryos locally is performed.
また、大型胚仔飼育容器１内の無菌状態を保つため、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の循環量を１日約３２０ターン（１日に３２０回入れ替わる量であり、通常の魚類飼育では２４～５０ターンであることから考えると、約７～１３倍である。）の高循環を行っている。 In addition, in order to maintain a sterile condition in the container 1 for rearing large embryos, the circulation amount of the solution for rearing large embryos is set to about 320 turns per day (the amount is changed 320 times per day, which is 24 to 50 turns in normal fish rearing). Considering that it is a turn, it is about 7 to 13 times.).
本実施例では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を、最終的に多くの細菌を除去できる０．６５μの孔径の第３フィルター５ｃで濾過した後、第３フィルター５ｃを通過した細菌やウイルスを紫外線殺菌装置６によって殺菌している。
浄化フィルター５による濾過や紫外線殺菌装置６を使用しないと、数日で１０５／ｍＬ個以上の細菌が大型胚仔飼育用溶液中に発生してしまう。
しかし、０．６５μの孔径の浄化フィルター５（第３フィルター５ｃ）や紫外線殺菌装置６を設けたところ、尿中細菌数測定用簡易培地（商品名「ウリカルトＥ」）による検査結果では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中には細菌は検出されなかった。 In this example, after the solution for rearing large embryos was filtered through a third filter 5c having a pore size of 0.65 μm capable of finally removing many bacteria, the bacteria and viruses that passed through the third filter 5c were sterilized with ultraviolet light. It is sterilized by the device 6.
Without filtering through the purification filter 5 or using the ultraviolet sterilization device 6, 10 5 /mL or more of bacteria would grow in the solution for rearing large embryos in a few days.
However, when the purifying filter 5 (third filter 5c) with a pore size of 0.65μ and the ultraviolet sterilization device 6 were installed, the test results using a simple culture medium for measuring the number of bacteria in urine (trade name “Uricult E”) showed that large embryos No bacteria were detected in the offspring feeding solution.
また、浄化フィルター５を通した大型胚仔飼育用溶液には、アンモニア態窒素が濾過細菌により生じる亜硝酸態窒素が検出されたが、浄化フィルター５を通さなかった大型胚仔飼育用溶液には亜硝酸態窒素は検出されなかった。
これは、浄化フィルター５による生物濾過の働きにより、有毒なアンモニア態窒素が、より安全性のある窒素化合物に変化する硝化作用が起きているためであると考えられる。 In addition, in the large-embryo feeding solution that passed through the purification filter 5, nitrite nitrogen was detected as ammonium nitrogen produced by filtered bacteria. No nitrite nitrogen was detected.
It is considered that this is because the action of biological filtration by the purification filter 5 causes a nitrification action in which toxic ammonium nitrogen is changed into a safer nitrogen compound.
本実施例では、流量を一定に保つための流量計７と、大型胚仔飼育溶液を循環させるためのポンプ８を設けている。
ポンプ８は、０.６５μの第３フィルター５ｃを通過させるため、その抵抗を考えて高吐出圧にし、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の清浄を保つため、吐出圧が高い高揚程マグネットポンプを使用している。
マグネットポンプは、駆動部が不溶性の高い樹脂で、大型胚仔飼育用溶液とは完全に隔離されているため、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の清浄性が保たれる構造になっている。 In this embodiment, a flow meter 7 for keeping the flow rate constant and a pump 8 for circulating the large embryo feeding solution are provided.
Since the pump 8 passes through the third filter 5c of 0.65 μm, it has a high discharge pressure in consideration of the resistance thereof. ing.
The drive part of the magnet pump is made of highly insoluble resin, and is completely isolated from the solution for raising large embryos.
なお、本実施例では、第１フィルター５ａと第２フィルター５ｂ間に、還水槽３に戻るバイパス管を配管している。
これは、第１フィルター５ａに濾過細菌を繁殖させ、第１フィルター５ａに大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環させたときに、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の有害物質を物理的に除去するだけでなく、有害物質を分解する生物濾過フィルターとしても活用できるようにしたものであり、第１フィルター５ａを生物濾過フィルターとして活用できるようになることにより、アンモニア態窒素の増加が軽減される。 In this embodiment, a bypass pipe returning to the return tank 3 is arranged between the first filter 5a and the second filter 5b.
This is done only by physically removing harmful substances in the solution for feeding large embryos when filtered bacteria are propagated in the first filter 5a and the solution for feeding large embryos is circulated through the first filter 5a. The first filter 5a can also be used as a biological filtration filter that decomposes harmful substances, and the increase in ammonia nitrogen can be reduced by being able to utilize the first filter 5a as a biological filtration filter.
次に、卵黄依存型胎生魚である板鰓類のヒレタカフジクジラの大型胚仔を飼育する方法について説明する。 Next, a method for rearing large embryos of the elasmobranch fin whale, which is a yolk-dependent viviparous fish, will be described.
大型胚仔は、内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成された大型胚仔飼育容器１内で飼育する。
大型胚仔飼育容器１の天面は開口しており、開口部分は網で覆われている状態で、この開口部分から、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を自然流入、自然流出させ、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の注水、排水を行う。
大型胚仔飼育用溶液の温度は、１２℃になるように調節する。
また、常に、大型胚仔飼育用溶液が循環している状態で飼育する。 Large embryos are reared in a large embryo breeding container 1 having a smooth or villus-shaped inner surface.
The container 1 for rearing large embryos has an opening at the top, and the opening is covered with a net. Pour and drain the solution.
The temperature of the large embryo rearing solution is adjusted to 12°C.
In addition, they are reared in a state in which the solution for rearing large embryos is constantly circulating.
大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、海水と淡水を１：０.８６の割合で混ぜ、１Ｌ当たりの尿素３５ｇを溶解したものを用いた。
なお、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、１：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中、尿素を１Ｌ当たり３０～６０ｇ溶解することが望ましい。
さらに、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、海水と淡水の混合液を１：０.７～１の割合にする場合、尿素を１Ｌ当たり３２～３８ｇ溶解することもできる。 A solution for rearing large embryos was prepared by mixing seawater and freshwater at a ratio of 1:0.86 and dissolving 35 g of urea per liter.
As for the solution for rearing large embryos, it is desirable to dissolve 30 to 60 g of urea per liter in a mixed solution of seawater and fresh water at a ratio of 1:0.86.
Furthermore, the solution for rearing large embryos can dissolve 32-38 g of urea per liter when the ratio of seawater and fresh water is 1:0.7-1.
大型胚仔飼育用溶液中に溶存する海水中の物質は、海水の半分強である。
また、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の浸透圧は、海水と同じ９４０～１,１００mOsmにした。 The amount of seawater dissolved in the large embryo rearing solution is just over half that of seawater.
The osmotic pressure of the solution for rearing large embryos was 940 to 1,100 mOsm, the same as seawater.
換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽４によって、換水を行う。
換水の頻度や水量は、大型胚仔の生育時期や魚種によって変えることが望ましいが、本実施例では、約１０日に１回換水を行い、１回の換水で最大１１０Ｌの大型胚仔飼育用溶液を使用した。
大型胚仔を飼育している間は、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中のアンモニア濃度が上昇するため、アンモニア濃度が４００μｇ／ｄＬを超えないように大型胚仔飼育用溶液を交換した。 Water is changed in a water tank 4 that stores a solution for rearing large embryos for water change.
It is desirable to change the frequency and amount of water change depending on the growth period of the large embryos and the species of fish. solution was used.
Since the concentration of ammonia in the solution for feeding large embryos increased while the large embryos were being reared, the solution for feeding large embryos was replaced so that the ammonia concentration did not exceed 400 μg/dL.
このように、換水には、多くの大型胚仔飼育用溶液を必要とするが、大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、飼育時間の経過と供に、アンモニア態窒素等の窒素化合物が蓄積するだけでなく、細菌も増殖する。
特に、本実施例では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液に、多くの尿素を溶解させているため、細菌が増殖しやすい。
そこで、浄化フィルター５によって、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去している。 As described above, water changes require a large amount of the solution for rearing large embryos, but the solution for rearing large embryos only accumulates nitrogen compounds such as ammonium nitrogen as the rearing time elapses. and bacteria grow.
In particular, in this example, since a large amount of urea is dissolved in the solution for rearing large embryos, bacteria are likely to proliferate.
Therefore, the purifying filter 5 removes the bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos.
浄化フィルター５は、複数設けることができ、フィルターの目詰まりを防ぐために、荒い孔径から細かい孔径にする。
但し、浄化フィルター５の最小径は、多くの細菌を捕捉する０.６５μ以下であることが望ましい。
本実施例では、孔径が異なる第１フィルター５ａ（孔径２５～１０μ）、第２フィルター５ｂ（孔径２～１μ）、第３フィルター５ｃ（孔径０．６５μ）の計３つのフィルターを用いて、大型胚仔を飼育する溶液を毎分１０Ｌで濾過した。 A plurality of purifying filters 5 can be provided, and the pore size is changed from coarse to fine in order to prevent clogging of the filters.
However, the minimum diameter of the purification filter 5 is desirably 0.65 μm or less, which captures many bacteria.
In this embodiment, a total of three filters, a first filter 5a (pore size of 25 to 10 μm), a second filter 5b (pore size of 2 to 1 μm), and a third filter 5c (pore size of 0.65 μm) having different pore sizes, are used. The embryo rearing solution was filtered at 10 L per minute.
また、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の循環を停止することなく浄化フィルター５を交換できるようにするため、第１フィルター５ａ、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃのそれぞれが、同じ孔径のフィルターを２台ずつ並列に備えることで、第１フィルター５ａ、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃのそれぞれが、２つのうちの１つのフィルターが詰まる事故が起きても、循環を止めずに交換できる状態にしている。 In addition, in order to replace the purification filter 5 without stopping the circulation of the solution for rearing large embryos, each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c has two filters with the same pore size. By providing each unit in parallel, each of the first filter 5a, the second filter 5b, and the third filter 5c can be replaced without stopping the circulation even if one of the two filters is clogged. ing.
大型胚仔は、本来、細菌が存在しない卵や子宮内で成育することから、大型胚仔飼育容器１内を無菌状態に近づけるため、浄化フィルター５で捕捉できないウイルスや、浄化フィルター５を通過してきた細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置６を設けることで、第１フィルター５ａで発生した濾過細菌は、第２フィルター５ｂ、第３フィルター５ｃ、紫外線殺菌装置６で除去、殺菌される。 Large embryos originally grow in eggs and wombs in which bacteria do not exist. Therefore, in order to bring the inside of the large embryo breeding container 1 close to a sterile state, viruses that cannot be caught by the purification filter 5 and viruses that cannot be captured by the purification filter 5 and those that pass through the purification filter 5 are removed. By providing the ultraviolet sterilizer 6 for sterilizing the bacteria, filtered bacteria generated in the first filter 5a are removed and sterilized by the second filter 5b, the third filter 5c, and the ultraviolet sterilizer 6.
また、大型胚仔飼育容器１内の無菌状態を保つため、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の循環量を１日約３２０ターン（１日に３２０回入れ替わる量であり、通常の魚類飼育では２４～５０ターンであることから考えると、約７～１３倍である。）の高循環を行った。 In addition, in order to maintain a sterile condition in the container 1 for rearing large embryos, the circulation amount of the solution for rearing large embryos is set to about 320 turns per day (the amount is changed 320 times per day, which is 24 to 50 turns in normal fish rearing). Considering that it is a turn, it is about 7 to 13 times.).
本実施例では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液を、最終的に多くの細菌を除去できる０．６５μの孔径の第３フィルター５ｃで濾過した後、第３フィルター５ｃを通過した細菌やウイルスを紫外線殺菌装置６によって殺菌している。
浄化フィルター５による濾過や紫外線殺菌装置６を使用しないと、数日で１０５／ｍＬ個以上の細菌が大型胚仔飼育用溶液中に発生してしまう。
しかし、０．６５μの孔径の浄化フィルター５（第３フィルター５ｃ）や紫外線殺菌装置６を設けたところ、尿中細菌数測定用簡易培地（商品名「ウリカルトＥ」）による検査結果では、大型胚仔飼育用溶液中には細菌は検出されなかった。 In this example, after the solution for rearing large embryos was filtered through a third filter 5c having a pore size of 0.65 μm capable of finally removing many bacteria, the bacteria and viruses that passed through the third filter 5c were sterilized with ultraviolet light. It is sterilized by the device 6.
Without filtering through the purification filter 5 or using the ultraviolet sterilization device 6, 10 5 /mL or more of bacteria would grow in the solution for rearing large embryos in a few days.
However, when the purifying filter 5 (third filter 5c) with a pore size of 0.65μ and the ultraviolet sterilization device 6 were installed, the test results using a simple culture medium for measuring the number of bacteria in urine (trade name “Uricult E”) showed that large embryos No bacteria were detected in the offspring feeding solution.
また、浄化フィルター５を通した大型胚仔飼育用溶液には、アンモニア態窒素が濾過細菌により生じる亜硝酸態窒素が検出されたが、浄化フィルター５を通さなかった大型胚仔飼育用溶液には亜硝酸態窒素は検出されなかった。
これは、浄化フィルター５による生物濾過の働きにより、有毒なアンモニア態窒素が、より安全性のある窒素化合物に変化する硝化作用が起きているためであると考えられる。 In addition, in the large-embryo feeding solution that passed through the purification filter 5, nitrite nitrogen was detected as ammonium nitrogen produced by filtered bacteria. No nitrite nitrogen was detected.
It is considered that this is because the action of biological filtration by the purification filter 5 causes a nitrification action in which toxic ammonium nitrogen is changed into a safer nitrogen compound.
本実施例では、流量計７とポンプ８を設け、流量を一定に保ちつつ、大型胚仔飼育溶液を循環させている。
ポンプ８は、０.６５μの第３フィルター５ｃを通過させるため、その抵抗を考えて高吐出圧にし、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の清浄を保つため、吐出圧が高い高揚程マグネットポンプを使用している。
マグネットポンプは、駆動部が不溶性の高い樹脂で、大型胚仔飼育用溶液とは完全に隔離されているため、大型胚仔飼育用溶液の清浄性が保たれる構造になっている。 In this embodiment, a flow meter 7 and a pump 8 are provided to circulate the solution for feeding large embryos while maintaining a constant flow rate.
Since the pump 8 passes through the third filter 5c of 0.65 μm, it has a high discharge pressure in consideration of the resistance thereof. ing.
The drive part of the magnet pump is made of highly insoluble resin, and is completely isolated from the solution for raising large embryos.
１　　大型胚仔飼育容器
２　　水槽
３　　換水槽
４　　貯水槽
５　　浄化フィルター
５ａ　第１フィルター
５ｂ　第２フィルター
５ｃ　第３フィルター
６　　紫外線殺菌装置
７　　流量計
８　　ポンプ 1 large embryo rearing container 2 water tank 3 water change tank 4 water tank 5 purification filter 5a first filter 5b second filter 5c third filter 6 ultraviolet sterilizer 7 flow meter 8 pump

Claims (7)

  1. １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育用溶液。
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A solution for breeding large embryos of cartilaginous fish and part of osteichthyes marine fish, characterized by containing 30 to 60 g/L of dissolved urea.
  2. 大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器と、
    大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環・換水・曝気するための還水槽と、
    換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去して水質浄化するための浄化フィルターと、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置と、
    からなる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置であり、
    当該装置内を循環する大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置。
    a large embryo breeding container for breeding large embryos;
    a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container;
    A return tank for circulating, exchanging, and aerating the solution for rearing large embryos,
    a reservoir for storing large embryo rearing solution for water replacement;
    a purification filter for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos and purifying the water;
    an ultraviolet sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the large embryo rearing solution;
    A large-sized embryo breeding apparatus for cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish, consisting of
    The large embryo breeding solution circulating in the device is
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A large-sized embryo rearing apparatus for cartilaginous fishes and part of osteichthyes marine fishes, characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved therein.
  3. 内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器と、
    大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環・換水・曝気するための還水槽と、
    換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去して水質浄化するための浄化フィルターと、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を殺菌するための殺菌装置と、
    からなる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置であり、
    当該装置内を循環する大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置。
    a large-sized embryo rearing container for rearing large-sized embryos, the inner surface of which is smooth or villus-shaped;
    a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container;
    A return tank for circulating, exchanging, and aerating the solution for rearing large embryos,
    a reservoir for storing large embryo rearing solution for water replacement;
    a purification filter for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos and purifying the water;
    a sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the large embryo rearing solution;
    A large-sized embryo breeding apparatus for cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish, consisting of
    The large embryo breeding solution circulating in the device is
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A large-sized embryo rearing apparatus for cartilaginous fishes and part of osteichthyes marine fishes, characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved therein.
  4. 内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器と、
    大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液を循環・換水・曝気するための還水槽と、
    換水用の大型胚仔飼育用溶液を貯水する貯水槽と、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去して水質浄化するための孔径が異なる２以上の浄化フィルターと、
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置と、
    からなる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置であり、
    当該装置内を循環する大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置。
    a large-sized embryo rearing container for rearing large-sized embryos, the inner surface of which is smooth or villus-shaped;
    a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container;
    A return tank for circulating, exchanging, and aerating the solution for rearing large embryos,
    a reservoir for storing large embryo rearing solution for water replacement;
    two or more purification filters with different pore sizes for removing bacteria in the solution for rearing large embryos and purifying water;
    an ultraviolet sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the large embryo rearing solution;
    A large-sized embryo breeding apparatus for cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fish, consisting of
    The large embryo breeding solution circulating in the device is
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A large-sized embryo rearing apparatus for cartilaginous fishes and part of osteichthyes marine fishes, characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved therein.
  5. 内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器と、
    大型胚仔飼育容器を収容する水槽と、
    大型胚仔を飼育する溶液を換水するための溶液換水槽と、
    換水用の溶液を貯水する溶液貯水槽と、
    溶液中の細菌を除去するための孔径が異なる２以上の浄化フィルターと、
    溶液中の細菌を除去するための生物濾過フィルターと、
    溶液中の細菌を殺菌するための紫外線殺菌装置と、
    からなる軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置に、
    当該装置内を循環する大型胚仔飼育用溶液は、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育装置。
    a large-sized embryo rearing container for rearing large-sized embryos, the inner surface of which is smooth or villus-shaped;
    a water tank containing a large embryo rearing container;
    a solution exchange tank for exchanging the solution for breeding large embryos;
    a solution reservoir for storing a solution for water replacement;
    two or more purification filters with different pore sizes for removing bacteria in the solution;
    a biofiltration filter for removing bacteria in solution;
    an ultraviolet sterilization device for sterilizing bacteria in the solution;
    In a large-sized embryo breeding apparatus for cartilaginous fish and some teleost marine fishes consisting of
    The large embryo breeding solution circulating in the device is
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A large-sized embryo rearing apparatus for cartilaginous fishes and part of osteichthyes marine fishes, characterized in that 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved therein.
  6. 内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器内で、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している大型胚仔飼育用溶液を、
    定期的に換水しながら、
    浄化フィルターと紫外線殺菌装置によって大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去、殺菌して循環させる
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育方法。
    In a container for rearing large embryos with a smooth or villus inner surface,
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A solution for rearing large embryos in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved,
    While changing the water regularly,
    A method for rearing large embryos of cartilaginous fishes and some marine fishes of the order Osteichthyes, characterized by removing bacteria in a solution for rearing large embryos by a purification filter and an ultraviolet sterilizer, sterilizing them, and circulating them.
  7. 内面が滑面または絨毛状に形成されている、大型胚仔を飼育する大型胚仔飼育容器内で、
    １：０.８６の割合による海水と淡水の混合液中に、
    尿素が３０～６０ｇ／Ｌ溶解している大型胚仔飼育用溶液を、
    定期的に換水しながら、
    孔径が異なる２以上の浄化フィルター、生物濾過フィルター、紫外線殺菌装置によって
    大型胚仔飼育用溶液中の細菌を除去、殺菌して循環させる
    ことを特徴とする軟骨魚綱及び一部の硬骨魚綱海産魚類の大型胚仔飼育方法。     In a container for rearing large embryos with a smooth or villus inner surface,
    In a mixture of sea water and fresh water in a ratio of 1:0.86,
    A solution for rearing large embryos in which 30 to 60 g/L of urea is dissolved,
    While changing the water regularly,
    Cartilaginous fish and part of Osteichthyean marine products characterized by removing and sterilizing bacteria in the solution for breeding large embryos by using two or more purification filters with different pore sizes, a biological filtration filter, and an ultraviolet sterilizer. A method for breeding large fish embryos.
PCT/JP2021/011737 2021-03-22 2021-03-22 Rearing method and rearing device for large embryos of marine fish including chondrichthyes and some osteichthyes WO2022201249A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012135285A (en) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-19 Kanmonkai:Kk Method for producing artificial cultivating water for cultivated fish
KR20190074766A (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-06-28 현상용 A Water Tank For Raise Sea Creature And Vegetable

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012135285A (en) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-19 Kanmonkai:Kk Method for producing artificial cultivating water for cultivated fish
KR20190074766A (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-06-28 현상용 A Water Tank For Raise Sea Creature And Vegetable

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