WO2022199921A1 - Schaltvorrichtung - Google Patents
Schaltvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022199921A1 WO2022199921A1 PCT/EP2022/052881 EP2022052881W WO2022199921A1 WO 2022199921 A1 WO2022199921 A1 WO 2022199921A1 EP 2022052881 W EP2022052881 W EP 2022052881W WO 2022199921 A1 WO2022199921 A1 WO 2022199921A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switching device
- recess
- contacts
- equal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/06—Contacts characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
- H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
Definitions
- a switching device is specified.
- the switching device is designed in particular as an electromagnetically acting, remote-controlled switch that can be operated by electrically conductive current.
- the switching device can be activated via a control circuit and can switch a load circuit.
- the switching device can be designed as a relay or as a contactor, in particular as a power contactor.
- the switching device can particularly preferably be designed as a gas-filled power contactor.
- a possible application of such switching devices, in particular power contactors, is the opening and disconnection of battery circuits, for example in motor vehicles such as electrically or partially electrically operated motor vehicles or in applications in the field of renewable energies.
- a contactor In its function as a safety component, a contactor is usually used in combination with a fuse between a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, and an electric motor and must be able to disconnect the power source from the load in the event of a malfunction.
- a battery such as a lithium-ion battery
- the electrical voltage can be up to 800 V.
- up to 1500 V DC voltage is required.
- the higher the electrical voltage of the application the greater the challenge for the design of the contactor, which has to interrupt high currents at the high voltages mentioned in the event of a fault.
- the electrical parameters of the switching device remain close to the original or new condition even after the disconnection of high loads. This applies in particular to the contact resistance of the switching device, which is decisive for the heating of the entire device during normal operation and has a considerable influence on further performance and service life.
- blowout magnets In order to remove arcs from the contact areas as quickly as possible and to extend the arc gap, so-called blowout magnets are usually used, which can deflect the arcs in certain directions depending on the direction of the current. For example, by using suitable switching chamber geometries and magnet arrangements, arcs can be deflected in predetermined directions. Depending on the design, this can even be done independently of the current direction. Depending on the magnetic deflection configuration and possibly depending on the direction of current flow, arcs can thus be pushed to different sides as seen from the contacts or adhere to different areas of the contacts. Hence Unevenness can also occur at different points, which can lead to wear and an increase in the contact resistance.
- At least one object of certain embodiments is to specify a switching device.
- a switching device has at least two contacts, which can also be referred to as the first and second contacts, one of the contacts being a fixed contact and the other of the contacts being a movable contact.
- the switching device has at least one stationary contact and at least one movable contact. The at least one fixed contact and the at least one movable Contacts are provided and set up to switch a load circuit that can be connected to the switching device on and off.
- one of the contacts which can also be referred to below as the first contact, has at least one contact area.
- the first contact can be a fixed contact of the switching device, for example.
- the first contact can be a movable contact
- the first contact is provided and set up to enter into a galvanic contact connection with a further contact, which can also be referred to below as the second contact, when the contacts are in a suitable position relative to one another.
- the second contact can also have a contact surface with a contact area, so that the contact area of the first contact and the contact area of the second contact come into mechanical contact with one another when the contacts are in a suitable position and are therefore electrically connected to one another.
- each of the contacts can have a contact side with at least one contact area.
- the movable contact can be moved in the switching device between a non-connecting state and an activating state of the switching device in such a way that the movable contact is spaced apart from the at least one fixed contact and is therefore galvanically isolated when the switching device is in the non-connecting state and has a mechanical contact in the conducting state Contact has at least one fixed contact and thus galvanically with the at least one fixed contact connected is.
- the mechanical contact between the moving contact and the fixed contact in the switched-on state can be present in particular between a contact area of the moving contact and a contact area of the fixed contact.
- the switching device particularly preferably has at least two stationary contacts which are arranged separately from one another in the switching device and which can be electrically connected to one another or electrically separated from one another in this way, depending on the state of the movable contact.
- the switching device has a housing in which the contacts, ie the at least one movable contact and the at least one fixed contact or the at least two fixed contacts, are arranged.
- the movable contact can be arranged completely in the housing.
- the fact that a stationary contact is arranged in the housing can mean in particular that at least the contact area of the stationary contact, which is in mechanical contact with the movable contact in the switched-through state, is arranged inside the housing.
- a fixed contact arranged in the housing can be electrically contacted from the outside, ie from outside the housing.
- a part of a stationary contact arranged in the housing can project out of the housing and have a connection option for a supply line outside the housing.
- the contacts of the switching device are arranged in a gas atmosphere in the housing.
- the at least one movable contact is arranged entirely in the gas atmosphere in the housing and that at least parts of the fixed contact or contacts, for example the contact area or areas of the fixed contact or contacts, are arranged in the gas atmosphere in the housing.
- the switching device can particularly preferably be a gas-filled switching device such as a gas-filled contactor.
- the contacts i.e. the at least one movable contact completely and at least parts of the fixed contact or contacts, are arranged in a switching chamber inside the housing, in which the gas, i.e. at least part of the gas atmosphere, is located.
- the gas can preferably have a proportion of at least 50% H 2 .
- the gas can include an inert gas, particularly preferably N 2 and/or one or more noble gases.
- the at least one movable contact can be moved by means of a magnet armature.
- the magnet armature can in particular have an axis which is connected at one end to the movable contact in such a way that the movable contact can be moved by means of the axis, ie is also moved by the axis when the axis moves.
- the axis can project into the switching chamber through an opening in the switching chamber.
- the magnet armature can be moved by a magnetic circuit in order to bring about the switching operations described above.
- the magnetic circuit can do this have a yoke having an opening through which the axis of the magnet armature protrudes.
- the axle can preferably include or be made of stainless steel.
- the yoke can preferably have or be made of pure iron or a low-doped iron alloy.
- each of the contacts of the switching device has a contact side on which at least one contact area is arranged.
- the contact area of each of the contacts can in particular be that part of a surface on the contact side of the relevant contact which is provided and set up during normal operation of the switching device to make mechanical contact with another contact when the switching device is switched on.
- the surface with the contact area is also referred to here and in the following as a contact area, with not every area of the contact area having to be in the form of a contact area.
- the movable contact can have a contact surface that is elongate, in particular in the shape of a rectangle or approximately in the shape of a rectangle, for example a rectangle with beveled or rounded corners. Part of the surface on the contact side, ie part of the contact area, can form the contact area.
- the contact surface has at least two contact areas, which can be separated by one or more surface areas that do not form contact areas.
- the at least one fixed contact can have a contact surface, for example has a round, for example a circular, shape or is approximated thereto and which at least partially or preferably entirely forms the contact area.
- the contact area of a stationary contact can be at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of the contact area.
- the contact side of the at least one movable contact can face the at least one stationary contact and the contact side of the at least one stationary contact can face the at least one movable contact.
- the contact side of a contact can preferably have a main extension plane along which the contact surface extends. Directions parallel to the contact side and thus to the main extension plane of the contact side can also be referred to here and below as lateral directions. A direction perpendicular to the contact side and thus to the main extension plane of the contact side can be referred to here and below as the vertical direction.
- the contacts may be surrounded and bounded in the lateral direction by one or more exterior surfaces.
- a contact area of a contact can be a flat bearing surface of the contact surface.
- the contact area can also have or be a special geometric shape, such as an elevation or depression, and/or a different material compared to other areas of the contact.
- At least one contact of the switching device has at least one recess on the contact side.
- the at least one contact with the at least one recess can preferably be a movable contact.
- a stationary contact can also have at least one recess.
- a contact area of a contact surface of a contact can directly adjoin a recess in one or more directions.
- the recess can thus be formed by a groove or chamfer that runs between the contact surface and the outer surface along an imaginary edge that would be formed by the contact surface and an outer surface and that no longer exists due to the groove or chamfer.
- two outer edges can be formed, of which a first outer edge borders on the contact surface and a second outer edge borders on the outer surface.
- the first and second outer edges can be connected to one another via one or more recess surfaces.
- the height of the recess ie the distance in the vertical direction between the first outer edge and the second outer edge, is denoted by H below.
- the width of the recess ie the distance in the lateral direction between the first outer edge and the second outer edge, is denoted by B below.
- a total thickness of the contact in the vertical direction is denoted as D hereinafter
- the setback can be, for example, a rabbet, a chamfer, a chamfer. "concave fillet") or a combination thereof or be formed by it.
- the bevel can be an external bevel (engl. "external chamfer”) or an inner bevel (engl. "internal chamfer”).
- the recess can be formed by an outer chamfer, ie by a bevel in the area of an outer edge between the contact surface and the outer surface that is no longer present due to the bevel.
- the first and second outer edges are connected to one another by a flat recess surface, which is aligned at an angle to the contact surface and the outer surface and which forms an angle of greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 80° with the main extension plane of the contact side, i.e. with the contact surface and particularly preferably of 45°.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess can be formed by a groove, ie by a groove with a round cross section in the area of an outer edge between the contact surface and the outer surface that no longer exists due to the groove.
- the first and second outer edges are connected to one another by a curved setback surface, preferably with a cross section that corresponds to a sector of a circle.
- the fillet can have a radius R, the ratio R/D preferably being greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 10 or less than or equal to 5 and more preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8, and more preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess can be formed by a step, so that the contact surface is bordered by a first recess surface, which forms the first outer edge at a first angle with the contact surface, while a second recess surface is adjacent to the outer surface, which forms a second outer edge with the outer surface forms a second angle.
- the first and second recessed surfaces may enclose a third angle.
- the first, second and third angles can be the same as or different from one another and can each be greater than or equal to 90° and less than 180° and preferably each 90°.
- the first setback surface can be at least partially or completely parallel to the outer surface.
- the second setback surface can be at least partially or completely parallel to the contact surface. If the first and second angles are each 90°, the dimension H can correspond to the height difference in the vertical direction between the second recess surface and the contact surface and the dimension B can correspond to the distance between the outer surface and the first side surface.
- the recess can have a fold or be formed by a fold.
- the transition between the first and second setback surfaces can be formed by an inner edge, with the third angle preferably being 90°.
- the first and second angles can each also be 90°.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less or equal to 0.8 and more preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess can have an inner bevel.
- the return can be formed by a combination of a fold and a bevel.
- the transition between the first and second recess surface is not formed by an inner edge but by a bevel in the form of the inner bevel, so that a third recess surface is formed between the first and second recess surface is.
- the first and second setback surfaces are connected to one another by a flat setback surface, which is aligned at an angle to the first and second setback surfaces and which forms an angle of greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 80° with the main extension plane of the contact side, i.e.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess can be formed by a combination of a fold and a groove.
- the transition from the first to the second setback surface can be formed by a curved setback surface, preferably with a cross section that corresponds to a sector of a circle.
- the fillet can have a radius R, the ratio R/D preferably being greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 10 and more particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8, and more preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- At least one contact of the switching device has a plurality of recesses in different areas, in particular in different lateral directions, on the contact side.
- the recesses can be separate from one another or merge into one another.
- different or identical recesses can be present, for example, on different lateral sides and thus on different outer surfaces of the contact. It is thus possible for different formations of recesses to be formed on different sides.
- different contacts can also have different recesses.
- the contact surface of a fixed contact projects beyond the contact surface of the movable contact in a lateral direction and/or is congruent with at least a part of it.
- the contact surface of a stationary contact has a first width and a contact surface of the movable contact has a second width, the first and second widths being measured along the same lateral direction, the first width being equal to or preferably greater than the second width.
- the lateral direction along which the first and second widths are measured is preferably perpendicular to a connecting line between the centers of the Contact surfaces of the two fixed contacts, in which case the first width of each of the fixed contacts is equal to or preferably greater than the second width.
- the contact surface of each of the fixed contacts also projects beyond the contact surface of the movable contact in a lateral direction parallel to a connecting line between the centers of the contact surfaces of the two fixed contacts.
- one or more recesses can be formed on the contact side of the movable contact in one or more regions in which the contact surface of a stationary contact protrudes beyond the contact surface of the movable contact.
- so-called sacrificial areas can be provided in that a stationary contact projects beyond a movable contact in the lateral direction and/or that one or more recesses are present on the contact side of one or more contacts.
- An arc occurring at a contact surface can easily jump to a sacrificial area, with damage caused by arcs in the sacrificial areas advantageously not leading to a deterioration in the contact resistance between the contact areas.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an example of a switching device according to an embodiment
- Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of part of a switching device according to a further embodiment
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show schematic representations of parts of a switching device according to another embodiment
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show schematic representations of parts of a switching device according to further embodiments.
- FIGS. 5A to 6G show schematic representations of parts of a switching device according to further exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a switching device 100, which can be used, for example, for switching high electrical currents and/or high electrical voltages and which can be a relay or contactor, in particular a power contactor.
- FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional sectional view with a vertical sectional plane. The geometries shown are only to be understood as examples and not as restrictive and can also be configured alternatively.
- the switching device 100 has contacts 1 in a housing (not shown), which are also referred to below as switching contacts.
- the housing primarily serves as protection against accidental contact for the components arranged inside and has or is made of a plastic, for example PBT or glass fiber-filled PBT.
- the switching device 100 has two fixed contacts 2 and one movable contact 4 mounted on an insulator 3 as contacts 1 .
- the movable contact 4 is designed as a contact plate.
- the fixed contacts 2 together with the moving contact 4 form the switching contacts.
- other numbers of contacts 1, ie other numbers of fixed and/or movable contacts can also be possible.
- the fixed contacts 2 and / or the movable contact 4 can, for example, with or made of Cu, a Cu alloy, one or more high-melting metals such as Wo, Ni and / or Cr, or a mixture of said materials, such as copper with at least another metal, for example Wo, Ni and/or Cr.
- the switching device 100 is shown in a switched-off state, in which the movable contact 4 is spaced apart from the stationary contacts 2, so that the contacts 2, 4 are electrically isolated from one another.
- the design of the switching contacts shown and in particular their geometry are purely exemplary and not to be understood as limiting. Alternatively, the switching contacts can also be designed differently.
- the switching device 100 has a movable magnet armature 5, which essentially completes the switching movement.
- the magnet armature 5 has a magnetic core 6, for example with or made of a ferromagnetic material. Furthermore, the magnet armature 5 has an axis 7 which is guided through the magnetic core 6 and is firmly connected to the magnetic core 6 at one end of the axis. At the other end of the axis, opposite the magnetic core 6 , the magnet armature 5 has the movable contact 4 , which is also connected to the axis 7 .
- the axis 7 can preferably be made with or made of stainless steel.
- the insulator 3 which can also be referred to as a bridge insulator, is arranged between them.
- the movable contact 4 To mount the movable contact 4 on the insulator 3, it can be pushed into an opening in the movable contact 4 in a position rotated about the axis 7.
- the opening in the movable contact 4 and the shape of the insulator 3 are selected in such a way that when the movable contact 4 is rotated relative to the insulator 3 into the correct installation position, the movable contact 4 can be locked upwards on the insulator 3, so that the movable contact 4 no longer slip off the insulator 3 can.
- latching lugs on the insulator 3 and, as counterparts, grooves in the opening of the movable contact 4 can be present for this purpose.
- the opening in the movable contact 4 can be so large that the movable contact 4 can still be tilted slightly relative to the axis 7 and moved along the axis 7 when installed, so that any height differences that may be present can be compensated for.
- a contact spring 34 is arranged below the movable contact 4, which is supported on the insulator 3 and exerts a force in the direction of the fixed contacts 2 the moving contact 4 exerts.
- the magnetic core 6 is surrounded by a coil 8 .
- a current flow in the coil 8 that can be switched on from the outside by a control circuit generates a movement of the magnetic core 6 and thus of the entire magnet armature 5 in the axial direction until the movable contact 4 makes contact with the stationary contacts 2 .
- the armature moves upwards.
- the magnet armature 5 thus moves from a first position, a rest position, which corresponds to the isolating, ie non-switching and therefore switched-off state, into a second position, which corresponds to the active, ie conducting and therefore switched-on state.
- the contacts 1 are galvanically connected to one another.
- the switching device 100 has a yoke 9, which can have or be made of pure iron or a low-doped iron alloy and which forms part of the magnetic circuit.
- the yoke 9 has an opening in which the axle 7 is guided. If the flow of current in coil 8 is interrupted, magnet armature 5 is moved back into the first position by one or more springs 10 . In the illustration shown, the magnet armature 5 thus moves downwards again. The switching device 100 is then again in the idle state, in which the contacts 1 are open.
- the direction of movement of the magnet armature 5 and thus of the movable contact 4 is also referred to below as the vertical direction 91 .
- the arrangement direction of the fixed contacts 2, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction 91, is hereinafter referred to as the longitudinal direction 92.
- the direction perpendicular to the vertical direction 91 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 92 is referred to below as the transverse direction 93 .
- the directions 91, 92 and 93 which also apply independently of the switching movement described, are indicated in some figures to facilitate orientation.
- Directions that are parallel to a plane spanned by the longitudinal direction 92 and the transverse direction 93 and are therefore perpendicular to the vertical direction 91 are also referred to as lateral directions 90 .
- the contacts 1 can be arranged in a gas atmosphere, so that the switching device 100 can be designed as a gas-filled relay or gas-filled contactor.
- the contacts 1 are arranged within a switching chamber 11, formed by a switching chamber wall 12 and a switching chamber floor 13, in a gas-tight area 14 formed by a hermetically sealed part, wherein the switching chamber 11 can be part of the gas-tight area 14.
- the gas-tight area 14 completely surrounds the magnet armature 5 and the contacts 1, except for parts of the fixed contacts 2 which are intended for external connection.
- the gas-tight area 14 and thus also the interior 15 of the switching chamber 11 are filled with a gas.
- the gas-tight area 14 is essentially formed by parts of the switching chamber 11, the yoke 9 and additional walls. The gas that flows through a gas filling nozzle as part of the manufacture of the
- Switching device 100 can be filled into the gas-tight area 14 can particularly preferably contain hydrogen, for example with 20% or more H 2 in an inert gas or even with 100% H 2 , since hydrogen-containing gas can promote the quenching of arcs .
- the switching chamber wall 12 and the switching chamber floor 13 can be made, for example, with or from a metal oxide such as Al 2 O 3 .
- plastics with a sufficiently high temperature resistance are also suitable, for example a PEEK, a PE and/or a glass fiber-filled PBT.
- the switching chamber 11 can at least partially also have a POM, in particular with the structure (CH 2 O) n .
- Such a plastic can be characterized by a comparatively low carbon content and a have a very low tendency to form graphite.
- the switching device 100 can also be designed without gas filling.
- the switching device 100 due to the design of the contacts 1 described below, it may be possible, as also described in the general part, that so-called sacrificial areas are formed on one or more contacts 1, where arcs can migrate away from the contact surfaces, so that, among other things, a Tendency to welding of contacts caused by arcing can be reduced. It can therefore also be possible for the switching device 100 to be designed without a gas-tight area.
- each of the contacts 1 has a contact side 20, 40, the contact side 20 of each of the fixed contacts 2 facing the movable contact 4 and the contact side 40 of the movable contact 4 facing each of the fixed contacts 2 is.
- a fixed contact 2 and the movable contact 4 are indicated in a section.
- the respective surface on the contact side 20, 40 forms the contact surface 21, 41 of the stationary and movable contacts 2, 4.
- the contact surfaces 21, 41 each have contact areas 22, 42.
- Each of the contacts 1 can in particular be that part of the respective contact surface 21, 41 which is normal in a
- Functioning of the switching device 100 is intended and set up to enter into mechanical contact with a further contact in the switched-on state of the switching device 100 .
- a contact surface not every area of a contact surface has to be in the form of a contact area.
- the contact surface of a contact can also have more than one contact area, as is the case with the movable contact 4 in the switching device 100 shown, which for each of the fixed contacts 2 has a respective associated contact area 42 on the contact surface 41, which is divided by an area of the contact surface 41 are separated from each other, which is not intended as a contact area.
- the movable contact 4 can have a contact surface 41, for example, which has an elongate configuration with a main extension direction in the longitudinal direction 92, in particular in the shape of a rectangle or approximately the shape of a rectangle, for example a rectangle with beveled edges or rounded corners.
- the contact surface 21 of each of the fixed contacts 2 forms the respective contact area 22 completely or at least essentially completely.
- the contact area 22 of a fixed contact can make up at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% of the contact surface 21.
- the contact surface 21 and thus the contact area 22 of the stationary contacts 2 can preferably have a round, for example a circular, shape or be approximated to it. Accordingly, the contact areas 42 of the movable Contact 4 have a round shape or be approximated to it.
- a contact area 22, 42 of a contact 1 can be a flat bearing surface of the contact surface 21, 41.
- the contact area 22, 42 can also have or be a special geometric shape, such as an elevation or depression, and/or a different material compared to other areas of the contact.
- the contacts 1 are delimited by outer surfaces 23, 43 in the lateral directions 90, ie for example in the longitudinal direction 92 which can be seen in FIG.
- the distances from outer surfaces 23, 43 lying opposite one another in a lateral direction 90 can particularly preferably define the maximum extension of a contact along this lateral direction 90.
- the entire contact surfaces 21 of the stationary contacts 2 are preferably congruent with part of the contact surface 41 of the movable contact 4 or protrude beyond the contact surface 41 and thus the contact areas 42 of the movable contact 4 in several lateral directions 90, as shown in sections in FIGS. 3A and 3B the switching device is indicated.
- the contact surface 21 of each of the fixed contacts 2 has a first width T2 and the contact surface 41 of the movable contact 4 has a second width T4, the first and second widths T2, T4 being measured along the same lateral direction 90.
- the widths T2 and T4 are the widths of the contact surfaces 21, 41 in the transverse direction 93.
- the first width T2 of the contact surface 21 of each of the fixed Contact 2 is equal to or preferably, as shown in Figure 3A, greater than the second width T4 of the contact surface 41 of the movable contact 4.
- the respective contact surface 21 of the fixed contacts 2 preferably projects beyond the contact surface 41 of the movable contact 4 also in the longitudinal direction 92, as can be seen in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3B.
- the outer surfaces 23, 43 of the contacts 1 can be congruent in at least one lateral direction 90. This can also be the case in the transverse direction 93 .
- a reversed embodiment may also be possible.
- At least one contact 1 of the switching device has at least one recess 50 on the contact side 20, 40.
- the at least one contact 1 with the at least one recess 50 can preferably be a movable contact 4, as shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4A.
- a recess 50 can be formed on an outer surface 43, on two outer surfaces 43 lying opposite one another in a lateral direction 90 or, at least in the region of the contact areas, on all outer surfaces 43. as can be seen in Figure 4A.
- the movable contact 4 shown in FIG. 4A thus has, for each of the contact regions 42 indicated by the dashed lines, a special edge shape present on all three possible deflection sides for arcs, formed by the recess.
- the stationary contacts 2 can also have at least one recess 50, as is shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4B.
- the recess 50 can preferably be formed in all lateral directions 90 on the outer surfaces 23.
- a recess 50 may be formed by a groove or chamfer formed along an imaginary edge that would exist between the contact surface and an outer surface without the groove or chamfer and which due to the groove or chamfer would not is more present, between the contact surface 21, 41 and the outer surface 23, 43 runs.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C and also in FIGS. 6A to 6G sections of a contact 1 with a recess 50 on the outer surface 43 delimiting in the longitudinal direction 92 are shown purely by way of example using the movable contact 4 .
- Different configurations for the jump back are shown in FIGS. 6A to 6G.
- the following description for different configurations of the recess expressly applies equally to fixed contacts.
- the same or different recess configurations are possible on different sides, ie in different lateral directions.
- a first configuration of recess can be provided on the outer faces in the transverse direction
- a second configuration of recess different from the first configuration, can be provided on the outer faces in the longitudinal direction.
- two outer edges 51, 52 are formed by the recess 50, of which a first outer edge 51 adjoins the contact surface 41 and a second outer edge 52 adjoins the outer surface 43.
- the first and second outer edges 51, 52 can be connected to one another via one or more recessed surfaces 53, 54.
- Dimensions H, B for the recess 50 and the thickness D of the contact 1 are indicated in FIG. 5B.
- the dimensions H, B indicated in FIG. 5B apply to all the configurations of the recess 50 shown below, since they each relate to the outer edges 51, 52 that are always present, regardless of the shape of the recess 50. Even if the outer edges 51, 52 are indicated as pointed edges, they can also be rounded off or beveled, in which case the dimensions specified below then apply accordingly.
- the height of the recess 50 ie the distance in the vertical direction 91 between the first outer edge 51 and the second outer edge 52, is denoted by H below.
- the width of the recess 50 ie the distance in the lateral direction 90 between the first outer edge 51 and the second outer edge 52, is denoted by B below.
- a total thickness of the contact in the vertical direction 91 is denoted by D hereinafter.
- the contact surface 41 encloses a first angle ⁇ 1 with the adjacent first recessed surface 53 on the first outer edge 51, while the outer surface 43 encloses a second angle ⁇ 2 with the adjacent second recessed surface 54 on the second outer edge 52.
- the first setback surface 53 and the second setback surface 54 can enclose a third angle ⁇ 3.
- the recess can, for example, have or be formed by a step, in particular, as indicated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a fold, or also a chamfer, a groove or a combination thereof.
- the chamfer can be an outer chamfer or an inner chamfer.
- first, second and third angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 can be the same as or different from one another and can be greater than or equal to 90° and less than 180° and preferably 90° in each case.
- first setback surface 53 can be at least partially or completely parallel to the outer surface 43 .
- second setback surface 54 can be at least partially or completely parallel to the contact surface 41 .
- the distance H can be the difference in level in the vertical direction between the second Recessed surface 54 and the contact surface 41 correspond, while the distance B corresponds to the distance in the lateral direction 90 between the outer surface 43 and the first recessed side surface 53 .
- the transition between the first and second recess surfaces 53, 54 is formed by an inner edge 55, the third angle ⁇ 3 on the inner edge 55 preferably being 90°.
- the first and second angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 can each also be 90°.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess 50 may have an internal chamfer.
- the recess 50 can be formed by a combination of a fold and a chamfer.
- the transition between the first and second setback surface 53, 54 is not defined by an inside edge but by a bevel in Shape of the inner bevel formed so that a third recess surface 56 between the first and second recess surfaces 53, 54 is trained.
- the first and second setback surfaces 53, 54 are connected to one another by the flat third setback surface 56, which is oriented at an incline to the first and second setback surfaces 53, 54, with the formation of two inner edges 55.
- the third setback surface 56 preferably encloses an angle ⁇ 4 with the main extension plane of the contact surface 41, which is thus the angle of the inner bevel and which is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 80° and particularly preferably 45°.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess 50 can be formed by an outer chamfer, i.e. by a bevel in the area of an outer edge between the contact surface 41 and the outer surface 43 that is no longer present due to the bevel.
- the first and second outer edges 51, 52 are connected to one another in this case by a flat recess surface 53, which is aligned at an angle to the contact surface 41 and to the outer surface 43, which preferably forms an angle ⁇ 4 with the main extension plane of the contact surface 41, i.e. a bevel angle, of greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 80° and particularly preferably of 45°.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 5 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess 50 can also be formed by a combination of a rabbet and a fluting.
- the transition from the first to the second recessed surface 53, 54 can be formed by a curved recessed surface 56, preferably with a cross section that corresponds to a sector of a circle.
- the fillet can have a radius R, the ratio R/D preferably being greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 10 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recess 50 can be formed by a groove, i.e. by a groove with a round cross-section in the area of an outer edge between the contact surface 41 and the outer surface 43 that no longer exists due to the groove.
- the first and second In this case, the outer edges 51, 52 are connected to one another by a curved recess surface 53, preferably with a cross section which corresponds to a sector of a circle.
- the fillet can have a radius R, the ratio R/D preferably being greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 2.
- the ratio B/H is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 10 and particularly preferably 1.
- the ratio H/D is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8 and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.5.
- the recessed side surfaces can form so-called sacrificial areas on which an arc can "jump" that occurs between the contact surfaces of a fixed contact and of the moving contact. This can be facilitated in particular by the fact that at least one contact surface projects beyond an opposite contact surface with a recess in the lateral direction or is at least congruent with it. Arcs can thus be kept away from the contact surfaces, so that the risk of damage to the contact surfaces and in particular the contact regions caused by arcs and a deterioration in the contact resistance associated therewith can be reduced.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22707650.2A EP4315378A1 (de) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-07 | Schaltvorrichtung |
JP2023558380A JP2024512025A (ja) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-07 | スイッチング装置 |
CN202280023997.5A CN117043905A (zh) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-07 | 开关装置 |
US18/551,474 US20240177957A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-07 | Switching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021107381.2 | 2021-03-24 | ||
DE102021107381.2A DE102021107381A1 (de) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Schaltvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022199921A1 true WO2022199921A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2022/052881 WO2022199921A1 (de) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-07 | Schaltvorrichtung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240177957A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4315378A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024512025A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117043905A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021107381A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022199921A1 (de) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2850602A (en) * | 1955-05-16 | 1958-09-02 | North Electric Co | Relay contact arrangement |
US20150206666A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-07-23 | Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic contactor |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016121345B4 (de) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-08-02 | Epcos Ag | Leistungsschütz und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gehäusekörpers für das Leistungsschütz |
DE102019106832B4 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2022-08-18 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Kontaktanordnung für eine Schaltvorrichtung und Schaltvorrichtung |
-
2021
- 2021-03-24 DE DE102021107381.2A patent/DE102021107381A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-07 JP JP2023558380A patent/JP2024512025A/ja active Pending
- 2022-02-07 WO PCT/EP2022/052881 patent/WO2022199921A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-02-07 EP EP22707650.2A patent/EP4315378A1/de active Pending
- 2022-02-07 CN CN202280023997.5A patent/CN117043905A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-07 US US18/551,474 patent/US20240177957A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2850602A (en) * | 1955-05-16 | 1958-09-02 | North Electric Co | Relay contact arrangement |
US20150206666A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-07-23 | Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic contactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117043905A (zh) | 2023-11-10 |
EP4315378A1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
JP2024512025A (ja) | 2024-03-18 |
US20240177957A1 (en) | 2024-05-30 |
DE102021107381A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
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