WO2022199061A1 - 一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2022199061A1
WO2022199061A1 PCT/CN2021/131277 CN2021131277W WO2022199061A1 WO 2022199061 A1 WO2022199061 A1 WO 2022199061A1 CN 2021131277 W CN2021131277 W CN 2021131277W WO 2022199061 A1 WO2022199061 A1 WO 2022199061A1
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welding
aluminum
weldment
layer
copper
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PCT/CN2021/131277
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
盛婕
盛永旺
汪彬
蒋飞禄
吴文彬
金建风
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浙江永旺焊材制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2022199061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022199061A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of connection of aluminum-copper dissimilar materials, in particular to a self-flux brazing material and a welding method for welding aluminum-copper dissimilar materials.
  • connection parts of Al/Cu dissimilar metals are widely used in refrigeration, electric power, chemical and aerospace industries, and have a wide range of practical application prospects.
  • soldering Al/Cu joints using brazing is still the most practical and effective way.
  • the melting point of Al and Cu differ by 424°C
  • the linear expansion coefficient differs by more than 40%
  • the electrical conductivity differs by more than 70%
  • the elastic modulus differs by more than 40%.
  • the brazing process is a rapid heating and cooling process. Due to the huge difference in the coefficient of linear expansion, the thermal deformation of Al and Cu is different during the heating process.
  • the deformation of Al is much larger than that of Cu.
  • Al The shrinkage deformation of Al is significantly larger than that of Cu, which will also cause severe joint stress due to the difference in elastic moduli of Al and Cu.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a self-flux brazing filler metal for welding of dissimilar materials of aluminum and copper.
  • the invention improves the wettability of the brazing filler metal through the combination of components, without the need for flux and residues of flux. , which is conducive to obtaining high-quality brazing seams.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of self-flux brazing filler metal applied to welding of aluminum-copper dissimilar materials, including the following substances according to the mass fraction:
  • P exists in the form of Cu-P intermediate alloy, which effectively prevents the addition of P element in the form of independent existence. Due to its flammable characteristics, it burns into oxides before forming alloys with other brazing materials.
  • purified carbon nanotubes are added to the brazing filler metal, and the carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed in the brazing seam.
  • the carbon nanotubes have good thermal conductivity during the welding process, which can effectively reduce the temperature gradient that may exist in the preset layer. , which is conducive to the overall formation of the brazing seam.
  • rare earth metal preferably Ce or Y
  • the rare earth metal is added into the brazing filler metal to braze Al/Cu dissimilar material joints, and the combination of trace rare earth alloy elements and P, Si and Bi is fully utilized to effectively improve the melting of the brazing filler metal. properties, wetting properties, mechanical properties, homogenize the components of the brazing seam, and improve the welding strength.
  • the present invention includes the following substances according to parts by mass:
  • composition and dosage of the solder are further optimized to further improve the wettability of the solder during the brazing process, especially the welding strength; at the same time, the corrosion resistance of the brazing seam is further improved.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a welding method applied to aluminum-copper dissimilar materials.
  • the invention pre-positions the brazing filler metal on the surface of the aluminum welding piece, and welds the aluminum-copper with high strength of the brazing seam.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar materials, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 respectively remove the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum weldment and the copper weldment
  • Step 2 the surface of the aluminum weldment in step 1 is coated with the brazing filler metal to obtain a preset layer;
  • the surface of the brazing part after step 1 is coated with a metal transition layer
  • Step 3 Positioning, welding, and annealing the aluminum weldment and the copper weldment after the second step to obtain the target product.
  • the thickness of the preset layer is 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the thickness of the preset layer of the present invention can be continuously adjusted according to actual needs, and the density of the obtained preset layer is above 95%, and the welding process effectively protects the base metal and avoids the oxidation of the base metal.
  • the metal transition layer is composed of Ni; the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the pre-set layer is 1:(4 to 6). Since the particle size of Ni and Cu are close, the Ni layer on the Cu surface is welded with other components in the solder to form an integral structure with good structural strength; the melting point increases due to the addition of Ni, and the amount of Ni needs to be controlled.
  • the presetting layer and the metal transition layer are obtained by cold spraying, respectively.
  • supersonic airflow is used to spray the brazing filler metal or nickel particle layer by cold spraying, the flow section of brazing filler metal particles or nickel metal particle is small and narrow, and the orientation is good, and the surface can be partially sprayed to ensure the preset layer and the metal transition layer.
  • the added quantification, uniformity and stability can improve the welding quality of Al/Cu dissimilar material joints and can complete automatic welding of complex workpieces; and can also be sprayed by cold spraying equipment before spraying the preset layer and the metal transition layer.
  • Sand removes the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum weldment and copper weldment, effectively improving processing efficiency and ensuring welding effect.
  • Laser welding is preferred for welding; the laser beam and the brazing material layer are at a 90° angle, and pure argon gas is used for double-sided protection, and the protective gas flow rate is 15L/min.
  • the present invention uses the self-flux type solder without considering the residual flux, and the solder components play the role of the flux and form the brazing seam, which is suitable for the production of tubular workpieces that are nested and welded together.
  • the annealing temperature is 460°C to 500°C, and vibration is maintained during the annealing process.
  • the vibration is maintained during the annealing process, which is beneficial to the homogenization of substances in the brazing seam and improves the strength of the brazing seam.
  • Si, Cu, Zn, Sn, Bi and P are added to the Al particles, and the solder is preliminarily placed on the surface of the aluminum weldment through the manufacturing process.
  • Si and P in the solder have adsorbed solder.
  • Oxygen that may exist in the material layer, Al-Zn forms an alloy to ensure the strength of the brazing seam
  • the addition of Zn, Sn, Bi can effectively prevent the formation of brittle alloys, and effectively reduce the welding temperature; synergistically enhance the uniformity of the brazing seam phase, and jointly improve The strength of the brazing seam;
  • a brazing filler metal is pre-set on the aluminum alloy side to be welded to form an Al/Cu dissimilar material joint member with excellent joint performance;
  • the invention can effectively control the amount of flux, and the uniformity between product batches is good
  • Brazing with pre-installed solder has the characteristics of simple process, easy operation, no waste of solder and controllable dosage, which meets the needs of efficient, high-quality and clean production;
  • the brazing filler metal is densely covered on the surface of the Al material after sandblasting cleaning, the oxidation problem of the joint of Al/Cu dissimilar materials is alleviated, and the less corrosive or non-corrosive flux can be used in the brazing process, which can improve the joint strength and stability. Corrosion resistance.
  • the present embodiment discloses a self-flux brazing material and a welding method for welding aluminum and copper dissimilar materials.
  • the welding method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 respectively remove the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum weldment and the copper weldment
  • Step 2 coating the brazing material on the surface of the aluminum weldment in step 1 to obtain a preset layer;
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the thickness of the preset layer is 0.1 mm to 3 mm, and in this example, the thickness of the preset layer is preferably 1.5 mm.
  • the surface of the brazing part after step 1 is coated with a metal transition layer
  • the metal transition layer is composed of Ni; the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:4.
  • Step 3 Positioning, welding, and annealing the aluminum weldment and the copper weldment after the second step to obtain the target product.
  • the preset layer and the metal transition layer are respectively obtained by cold spraying.
  • laser fusion brazing is used for welding; the laser beam and the brazing material layer form an included angle of 90°, and pure argon gas is used for double-sided protection, and the protective gas flow rate is 15L/min.
  • the annealing temperature is 460°C to 500°C, and vibration is maintained during the annealing process.
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:5.
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:6.
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:4.
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:5.
  • composition and amount of solder are shown in Table 1;
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Al in the preset layer is 1:6.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4
  • Example 5 Example 6 Al 70 72 74 80 78 76 Si 8 7 4 6 5 6 Cu 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 12 Zn 30 27 25 20 25 twenty two Sn 12 15 16 18 17 12 Bi 4 5 6 8 2 4 P 1 1.5 2.2 2.5 1 3 carbon nanotubes / 2 3 4 5 2 rare earth metals / / 4.4 5.2 4 6
  • the tensile strength after salt spray corrosion is the tensile strength of the product after salt spray corrosion.
  • the test conditions for salt spray corrosion are:
  • the acid salt spray accelerated corrosion test simulates the urban polluted atmosphere and acid rain environment.
  • the test plan is carried out according to GB-T10125-1997 Acetic Acid Salt Spray (AASS).
  • the reagents used in the test were chemically pure or above. Dissolve NaCl in distilled or deionized water with a conductivity of not more than 20 ⁇ S/cm, and its concentration is 50 g/L ⁇ 5 g/L. At 25°C, the density of the prepared solutions was in the range of 1.02 to 1.04.
  • the pH value of the initially prepared solution was adjusted at 3.0 to 3.1 to ensure that the pH value of the collected solution was within the range of 3.1 to 3.3, and a precise pH test paper was used for the detection of the pH value.
  • the temperature in the salt spray box is 35°C ⁇ 2°C.
  • Example 1 Joint Shear Strength Spread area Solder solidus temperature Liquidus temperature of solder Tensile strength after salt spray corrosion
  • Example 1 81MPa 18.2mm 2 /g 486°C 521°C 73MPa
  • Example 2 83MPa 18.0mm 2 /g 483°C 519°C 75MPa
  • Example 3 89MPa 21.8mm 2 /g 477°C 514°C 81MPa
  • Example 4 88MPa 21.3mm 2 /g 472°C 509°C 80MPa
  • Example 5 87MPa 20.6mm 2 /g 480°C 516°C 81MPa
  • Example 6 90MPa 21.7mm 2 /g 475°C 512°C 82MPa Comparative Example 1 76MPa 20.9mm 2 /g 484°C 522°C 68MPa Comparative Example 2 77MPa 21.2mm 2 /g 487°C 521°C 70MPa
  • the present invention welds the copper welding piece pre-coated with the metal transition layer and the pre-coated self-flux brazing material layer after positioning to obtain the aluminum-copper connector, and the strength of the obtained brazing seam is between 81MPa and 81MPa.
  • the brazing filler metal and the Ni layer in the present invention cooperate well, effectively improving the strength of the brazing seam; the wettability of the brazing filler metal in Examples 3 to 6 Compared with Example 1 and Example 2, the rare earth metal is significantly improved, and the strength of the brazing seam is also improved; the present invention is effective in heat conduction due to the addition of carbon nanometers, and elements such as Sn, Bi and P are combined to reduce the liquidus of the brazing filler metal. lowering the welding temperature, which is beneficial to the welding; the brazing seam obtained by the invention still has high strength after being corroded by the salt spray, and the brazing seam has certain corrosion resistance.

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Abstract

一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，按照质量份数包括以下物质：70份至80份Al；4份至8份Si；9份至12份Cu；20份至30份Zn；12份至18份Sn；2份至8份Bi；1份至3份P。以及一种铝铜异种材料焊接方法，其包括以下步骤：步骤一、分别去除铝焊件和铜焊件表面的氧化层；步骤二、经过步骤一的铝焊件表面涂覆所述钎料得预置层；经过步骤一的铜焊件表面涂覆金属过渡层；步骤三、将经过步骤二的铝焊件和铜焊件定位，焊接，退火，得目标产品。该方法将钎料预置于铝焊件配合铜焊件表面的金属过渡层进行焊接，钎料的润湿性好，无钎剂残留，钎缝品质高。

Description

一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及铝铜异种材料连接技术领域，特别是涉及一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法。
背景技术
现代工业生产中，需要将不同性能的材料焊接成复合零部件，以期达到既能满足各种性能要求，又能节约贵重材料，降低生产成本的目标。Cu及其合金具有优良的塑性、导热、导电和耐腐蚀性能，但Cu及其合金在我国属于稀缺金属，价格相对昂贵。Al及其合金具有密度低、强度高、耐腐蚀、热导和电导率高以及加工性能良好等特点，价格比Cu便宜。因此将Cu、Al及其合金连接制成复合接头，不但能减轻构件的重量、节约贵重金属材料，而且能发挥各自的性能优势。Al/Cu异种金属的连接部件广泛应用于制冷、电力、化工和航空航天工业中，具有广泛的实际应用前景。
Al、Cu二者存在较大的物理及化学性能上的差异。工业纯Al的熔点为660℃，工业纯Cu的熔点为1083℃；Al和Cu在液态无限互溶，而在固态下固溶度有限；Al、Cu的熔化潜热和膨胀系数相差很大。采用传统熔化焊的方法焊接Al/Cu接头时，无法克服Al和Cu的物理及化学性质相差大、接头易氧化、在钎缝区形成脆性金属间化合物和气孔等难题。激光焊能减少金属间化合物的生成，但焊接过程产生大的温度梯度，易形成较高的残余应力，影响接头的力学性能。采用固态焊接的搅拌摩擦焊时，相对容易获得质量较高的钎缝接头，但焊接成本和焊接效率偏低，而且搅拌摩擦焊需在焊接构件上施加压力，而对于大多数Al/Cu异种材料构件，搅拌摩擦焊接方法无法施焊，因此不适合对结构复杂的构件焊接。
使用钎焊焊接Al/Cu接头仍然是目前最为实际和有效的方式。Al和Cu熔点相差424℃，线胀系数相差40％以上，电导率相差70％以上，弹性模量也相差40％以上。钎焊过程是一个快速加热冷却的过程，由于线胀系数差异巨大，导致在升温过程中Al和Cu的热变形不同，Al的变形要远远大于Cu，钎焊完成后降温的过程中，Al的收缩变形明显大于Cu，由于Al和Cu的弹性模量的差异还将导致严重的接头应力。焊接接头的结构设计和窄的钎焊工艺对Al/Cu接头现场焊接操作是巨大的考验。Al/Cu接头铝合金表面很容易产生致密的Al 2O 3薄膜，由于薄膜的存在，Al/Cu钎焊结合时钎缝熔合效果不佳，钎焊接头质量差。这些情况的产生都将严重威胁接头的质量和性能。急需研发出能够有效解决Al/Cu钎焊接头质量问题的新型钎焊连接方法并产业化，切实保证Al/Cu异种材料构件的可靠性和稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，该发明通过组分之间的配合提高钎料的润湿性，无需钎剂，无钎剂残留，利于获得高品质钎缝。
为解决此技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，按照质量份数包括以下物质：
Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-000002
本发明中P以Cu-P中间合金的形式存在，有效防止P元素以独立存在的形式加入，由于其易燃的特性在未与其他钎料形成合金前而燃烧成为氧化物。
优选按照质量份数还包括：
碳纳米管     2份至5份。
本发明向钎料中加入纯化的碳纳米管，碳纳米管均匀分散在钎缝中，一方面在焊接的过程中碳纳米管具有良好的导热性，有效降低预置层中可能存在的温度梯度，利于钎缝整体形成。
优选按照质量份数还包括：
稀土金属     4份至6份。
本发明向钎料中加入稀土金属，进一步优选Ce或者Y，稀土金属加入钎料钎焊Al/Cu异种材料接头，充分利用微量稀土合金元素与P、Si和Bi的配合有效改善钎料的熔化特性、润湿性能、力学性能，均匀化钎缝组成物质，改善焊接强度。
进一步优选本发明按照质量份数包括以下物质：
Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-000004
进一步优选钎料的组份和用量，进一步提高钎料在钎焊过程的润湿性，尤其是焊接强度；与此同时，钎缝的耐腐蚀性也得到了进一步的提升。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种应用于铝铜异种材料的焊接方法，该发明将钎料定量预置于铝焊件表面，焊接铝铜，钎缝强度好。
为解决此技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种铝铜异种材料焊接方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、分别去除铝焊件和铜焊件表面的氧化层；
步骤二、经过步骤一的铝焊件表面涂覆有所述的钎料得预置层；
经过步骤一的铜焊件表面涂覆有金属过渡层；
步骤三、将经过步骤二的铝焊件和铜焊件定位，焊接，退火，得目标产品。
优选所述预置层的厚度为0.1mm至3mm。本发明预置层的厚度随着实际需要可以连续调节，且所得预置层的致密性在95％以上，焊接过程有效防护母材，避免母材氧化。
优选所述金属过渡层由Ni构成；Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：(4至6)。由于Ni与Cu粒径尺寸接近，Ni层在Cu表面与钎料中的其他组分相配合焊接形成一体结构，结构强度好；因Ni的加入引起熔点升高，需要控制Ni的用量。
优选预置层和金属过渡层分别通过冷喷涂获得。本发明中通过冷喷涂使用超音速气流喷钎料或者镍颗粒层，钎料颗粒或者镍金属颗粒流截面小而狭窄，且定向性好，可表面局部喷涂，保证了预置层和金属过渡层添加的定量化、均 匀性和稳定性，提高Al/Cu异种材料接头焊接质量的同时能够完成对复杂工件的自动化焊接；且在喷涂预置层和金属过渡层之前还可以通过冷喷涂设备先喷砂去除铝焊件和铜焊件表面的氧化层，有效提高加工效率，并保证焊接效果。
优选焊接的采用激光熔钎焊；令激光束与钎料层成90°夹角，采用纯氩气双面保护，保护气流量为15L/min。本发明使用自钎剂型的钎料无需考虑钎剂残留，钎料组份起到钎剂的作用并形成钎缝，适合套叠焊接在一起的管状工件的生产。
优选退火温度为460℃至500℃，退火过程中保持振动。本发明中通过在退火的过程中保持振动，利于钎缝中物质的均匀化，提高钎缝强度。
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明在Al颗粒中添加特定量的Si、Cu、Zn、Sn、Bi和P，通过制成工艺将钎料预置于铝焊件表面，焊接的过程钎料中的Si和P有吸附钎料层中可能存在的氧气，Al-Zn形成合金保证钎缝的强度，Zn、Sn、Bi的加入有效防止脆性合金的生成，焊接温度有效降低；协同增强钎缝物相的均匀性，共同提高钎缝的强度；
本发明采用在待焊铝合金侧预置钎料预，形成接头性能优良的Al/Cu异种材料接头构件；
本发明可以有效控制钎剂用量，产品批次间均匀性好；
预置钎料钎焊具有工序简单、易操作、钎料无浪费且用量可控的特点，满足了高效、优质、洁净生产的需要；
同时，由于钎料致密覆盖在喷砂清理后的Al材表面，减轻了Al/Cu异种材料接头的氧化问题，钎焊过程中可采用腐蚀性小或无腐蚀性钎剂，可提高接头强度和抗腐蚀性。
从而实现本发明的上述目的。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
实施例1
本实施例公开一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法，
焊接方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、分别去除铝焊件和铜焊件表面的氧化层；
步骤二、经过步骤一的铝焊件表面涂覆钎料得预置层；
钎料的组份和用量详见表1所示；
所述预置层的厚度为0.1mm至3mm，本例中优选预置层的厚度为1.5mm。
经过步骤一的铜焊件表面涂覆有金属过渡层；
优选所述金属过渡层由Ni构成；Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：4。
步骤三、将经过步骤二的铝焊件和铜焊件定位，焊接，退火，得目标产品。
本实施例中预置层和金属过渡层分别通过冷喷涂获得。
本实施例中焊接的采用激光熔钎焊；令激光束与钎料层成90°夹角，采用纯氩气双面保护，保护气流量为15L/min。
退火温度为460℃至500℃，退火过程中保持振动。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于：
钎料的组成和用量，详见表1所示；
Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：5。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于：
钎料的组成和用量，详见表1所示；
Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：6。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于：
钎料的组成和用量，详见表1所示；
Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：4。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于：
钎料的组成和用量，详见表1所示；
Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：5。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于：
钎料的组成和用量，详见表1所示；
Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：6。
对比例1
本实施例与实施例3主要区别在于没有设置金属隔离层。
对比例2
本实施例与实施例6主要区别在于没有设置金属隔离层。
表1 实施例1至6以及对比例1至2钎料的组份和用量(质量份数)
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
Al 70 72 74 80 78 76
Si 8 7 4 6 5 6
Cu 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 12
Zn 30 27 25 20 25 22
Sn 12 15 16 18 17 12
Bi 4 5 6 8 2 4
P 1 1.5 2.2 2.5 1 3
碳纳米管 / 2 3 4 5 2
稀土金属 / / 4.4 5.2 4 6
实施例1至6以及对比例1和2所得钎料以及钎缝性能的测试数据详见表2所示。
其中盐雾腐蚀后的抗拉强度是产品在经过盐雾腐蚀后测试抗拉强度，盐雾腐蚀的试验条件为：
酸性盐雾加速腐蚀试验模拟城市污染大气和酸雨环境，试验方案参照GB-T10125-1997乙酸盐雾(AASS)进行。
试验所用试剂采用化学纯或者化学纯以上的试剂。将NaCl溶于电导率不超过20μS/cm的蒸馏水或去离子水中，其浓度为50g/L±5g/L。25℃时，配制的溶液密度在1.02至1.04范围内。
初配制的溶液pH值调整在3.0至3.1，以保证收集液的pH值在3.1至3.3范围内，pH值的检测用精密pH试纸。
盐雾箱内温度为35℃±2℃。
雾自由降落为宜。
盐雾沉降的速度，经24h喷雾后，pH值保持不变，腐蚀周期设定为48h。
表2 实施例1至6以及对比例1和2所得钎料以及钎缝性能指标列表
项目 接头抗剪强度 铺展面积 钎料的固相线温度 钎料的液相线温度 盐雾腐蚀后抗拉强度
实施例1 81MPa 18.2mm 2/g 486℃ 521℃ 73MPa
实施例2 83MPa 18.0mm 2/g 483℃ 519℃ 75MPa
实施例3 89MPa 21.8mm 2/g 477℃ 514℃ 81MPa
实施例4 88MPa 21.3mm 2/g 472℃ 509℃ 80MPa
实施例5 87MPa 20.6mm 2/g 480℃ 516℃ 81MPa
实施例6 90MPa 21.7mm 2/g 475℃ 512℃ 82MPa
对比例1 76MPa 20.9mm 2/g 484℃ 522℃ 68MPa
对比例2 77MPa 21.2mm 2/g 487℃ 521℃ 70MPa
结合表1和表2的数据可知，本发明将预涂有金属过渡层的铜焊件和预涂有自钎剂钎料层定位后焊接得铝铜连接件，所得钎缝的强度在81MPa至90MPa，相比较于没有涂覆金属过渡层的对比例，本发明中钎料与Ni层之间配合良好，有效提高了钎缝的强度；实施例3至6中钎料的润湿性由于加入稀土金属相较于实施例1和实施例2显著提高，钎缝的强度也得到了提高；本发明由于加入碳纳米导热有效，配合Sn、Bi和P等元素相互协同降低钎料的液相线温度，降低焊接温度，利于焊接的进行；本发明所得钎缝在经过盐雾腐蚀后仍具有较高的强度，钎缝具有一定的耐腐蚀性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，其特征在于：
    按照质量份数包括以下物质：
    Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-100001
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，其特征在于：按照质量份数还包括：
    碳纳米管    2份至5份。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，其特征在于：按照质量份数还包括：
    稀土金属    4份至6份。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料，其特征在于：按照质量份数包括以下物质：
    Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021131277-appb-100003
  5. 一种铝铜异种材料焊接方法，其特征在于：
    包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、分别去除铝焊件和铜焊件表面的氧化层；
    步骤二、经过步骤一的铝焊件表面涂覆有权1至权4任一项所述的钎料得预置层；
    经过步骤一的铜焊件表面涂覆有金属过渡层；
    步骤三、将经过步骤二的铝焊件和铜焊件定位，焊接，退火，得目标产品。
  6. 如权利要求5所述焊接方法，其特征在于：所述预置层的厚度为0.1mm至3mm。
  7. 如权利要求5所述焊接方法，其特征在于：所述金属过渡层由Ni构成；Ni与预置层中Al的质量比为1：(4至6)。
  8. 如权利要求5所述焊接方法，其特征在于：预置层和金属过渡层分别通过冷喷涂获得。
  9. 如权利要求5所述焊接方法，其特征在于：焊接的采用激光熔钎焊；令激光束与钎料层成90°夹角，采用纯氩气双面保护，保护气流量为15L/min。
  10. 如权利要求5所述焊接方法，其特征在于：退火温度为460℃至500℃。
PCT/CN2021/131277 2021-03-23 2021-11-17 一种应用于铝铜异种材料焊接的自钎剂钎料及焊接方法 WO2022199061A1 (zh)

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