WO2022198347A1 - Method for providing fusible plug on housing of power battery - Google Patents
Method for providing fusible plug on housing of power battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022198347A1 WO2022198347A1 PCT/CN2021/000090 CN2021000090W WO2022198347A1 WO 2022198347 A1 WO2022198347 A1 WO 2022198347A1 CN 2021000090 W CN2021000090 W CN 2021000090W WO 2022198347 A1 WO2022198347 A1 WO 2022198347A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power battery
- housing
- temperature
- thermal runaway
- fusible
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
- A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
- A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to the casing structure and the field of thermal runaway of a new energy power battery, in particular to the casing structure and the field of thermal runaway of a power battery of a new energy vehicle.
- the power battery pack of a new energy vehicle is composed of several single power batteries.
- the single power batteries are mainly divided into cylindrical or square shapes.
- the shell is basically stamped from steel sheets or aluminum alloy sheets. .
- the shell is designed as a whole, and the top opening is blocked by a cover plate with a pressure relief port and an electrode pile head.
- the plug of the pressure relief port is controlled by the internal pressure of the power battery.
- the pressure generated by the thermal runaway inside the single power battery is greater than the maximum limit that the plug can withstand, the plug can be destroyed.
- the internal pressure of the power battery is released. At this time, the thermal runaway inside the single power battery continued to occur, which eventually caused it to catch fire, and then the fire spread to the entire power battery pack and the entire vehicle.
- the pressure relief port can only release the pressure inside the power battery after the thermal runaway of the power battery occurs, and has no effect on terminating the thermal runaway of the power battery and preventing and eliminating fires.
- the thermal runaway of the power battery is divided into the following three stages: In the initial stage, the power battery is relatively safe at 70 to 85 degrees Celsius (the "safe” here means that the internal structure of the power battery has not been damaged in this temperature range.
- the SEI film begins to decompose, continuously releasing heat, so that the temperature continues to rise, when the temperature reaches about 115 to 135 degrees Celsius, the SEI film is destroyed by this temperature, and the interior of the power battery A chemical reaction occurs between the various binders and the solvent and the electrode, and the internal temperature increases rapidly.
- the electrolyte begins to decompose, and the temperature increase is accelerated during the decomposition process.
- the electrode material accelerates the decomposition, releasing a large amount of combustible gas and heat energy (amount).
- Blocking materials, electrolytes and other substances are discharged with the flammable gas through the pressure relief port.
- the interior of the power battery was severely damaged, and the sparks generated by the short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes ignited the continuous formation of combustible gas and structural substances inside the power battery, until the single power battery burned.
- the power battery of a new energy vehicle is composed of several single power batteries combined into a power battery pack, which are densely arranged and installed in a closed power battery box. The fire will inevitably ignite multiple adjacent single cells, causing the entire power battery pack to catch fire.
- the heat dissipation and heating of the new energy vehicle power battery pack mostly adopts the bottom or side liquid cooling (heating) method, that is, the bottom or side of the single power battery is in contact with the pipeline flowing through the cooling (heating) liquid for heat exchange. Since the contact area between the power battery and the cooling (heating) pipe is relatively limited in these ways, the efficiency of heat exchange is not high. And when thermal runaway occurs in a single power battery, the cooling (heating) liquid cannot prevent and stop the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway.
- the above cooling (heating) liquid is for the purpose of heating the power battery in a negative temperature environment and heat dissipation in a high temperature environment, so as to ensure the stable working state of the power battery, so the current cooling (heating) liquid is not used as a fire extinguishing medium. Participate in preventing and terminating the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway and fire for the single power battery and the entire power battery pack in the event of thermal runaway and fire.
- the invention provides a method for arranging a fusible plug on the power battery shell, which is characterized in that one or more holes (ports) are arranged on the shell of the single power battery, so that the inside of the single power battery is communicated with the outside, and then the These holes (orifices) are blocked by fusible plugs containing fusible alloys to isolate the inside and outside of the single power battery.
- the cooling (heating) liquid surrounds the power battery casing, and its liquid level is higher than the fusible plug set on the surface of the casing but does not submerge the monomer power
- the electrode pile head of the battery is used to ensure the insulation between the electrode pile head of the single power battery and the cooling (heating) liquid.
- the cooling (heating) liquid exchanges heat and cold for the single power battery and the entire power battery pack to ensure its normal working temperature.
- the heat energy (amount) generated by the single power battery during the charging and discharging process is transmitted to the fusible plug through the internal structural materials and internal air of the casing and the power battery.
- the temperature at this time is the temperature at which the fusible plug melts. After the fusible plug is melted, the inside and outside of the single power battery are in a connected state, and the cooling (heating) liquid enters the interior of the single power battery through the fusible plug under the action of gravity, submerging and cooling the power battery that is undergoing thermal runaway. Internal structure, components.
- the internal temperature of the battery is lowered, so that the various substances inside the power battery no longer generate heat energy (quantity) with each other, and the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway is terminated, thereby preventing the occurrence of fire. It ensures the safety of other single power batteries and the entire power battery pack.
- one or more fusible plugs are installed on the side of the single power battery housing. It is more suitable to install it on one of the two large-area surfaces of the square unit power battery.
- the shape of the fusible plug is a square or a circle, a rectangle and an elliptical circle, and it is more suitable that the shape of the fusible plug is erected in a rectangular shape.
- the fusible material of the fusible plug is a fusible alloy, and the melting temperature of the fusible alloy is close to the temperature at which the single power battery undergoes thermal runaway. It is more suitable that the melting temperature of the fusible alloy is 1-5 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the single power battery occurs.
- the height of the single power battery soaked by the coolant is three-fifth to four-fifths of the single-power electric casing, more suitable is more than four-fifths, and the liquid level completely submerges the fusible plug.
- a sealing material can be used for isolation between the liquid level and the electrode column head.
- the fusible plug uses a sheet metal material as the base body, and an open channel is arranged in the middle of the base body, and the open channel is blocked with a fusible alloy. It is more suitable that the fusible plug can be pasted on the shell of the single power battery through double-sided tape and paste adhesive. More preferably, riveting or welding is performed after the above-mentioned pasting.
- the opening channel of the fusible plug is coincident with the opening on the power battery casing, that is, the openings of the two form a complete channel opening, so that after the fusible alloy on the fusible plug is melted, the coolant acts as a
- the cooling and fire extinguishing medium can smoothly enter the interior of the single power battery.
- Example 1 Choose a ternary lithium power battery produced by CATL with a thickness of 27mm, a height of 97mm, a width of 148mm, 3.7 volts, and a full charge of 50 amps.
- the power battery case is 97mm high and 148mm wide.
- a vertical port with a width of 1mm and a height of 5mm is opened on the left and right sides of a large surface.
- the top dead point of the port is 10mm away from the top cover plate of the shell.
- the port is blocked with fusible alloy.
- the melting point of the fusible alloy is 80 degrees. .
- the power battery is immersed in the cooling liquid, and the liquid level of the cooling liquid is 15mm from the top cover of the power battery (that is, the liquid level is 15mm down from the top of the power battery). Then carry out the puncture test.
- the steel needle pierces the battery, the internal short circuit has been formed, and the temperature inside the power battery and the casing rises sharply.
- the cooling liquid surface is exposed by 5mm
- the fusible alloy at the place is first melted, and then the whole fusible alloy is melted, the gas inside the single battery is released, the cooling liquid is injected into the power battery under the action of gravity, and the internal structural components are submerged by the cooling liquid to be cooled.
- the power of the power battery was gradually exhausted, the thermal runaway was terminated, and there was no smoke or fire during the whole process.
- Example 2 Repeat the condition setting in Example 1, except that this example does not use the method of acupuncture. Instead, short-circuit wires are connected to the positive and negative pole heads of the power battery, so that thermal runaway occurs inside the power battery during the high-current discharge process. After 12 seconds after the short-circuit wire is connected, the temperature inside the single power battery and the temperature of its casing rise sharply, the fusible alloy on the opening of the closed casing reaches the melting point and is melted, and the cooling liquid enters under the action of gravity Inside the power battery, the temperature inside the power battery dropped sharply at this time, the thermal runaway was controlled, and then terminated, the power of the power battery was gradually exhausted, and there was no smoke or fire during the whole process.
- the coolants used in the above embodiments are all commercially available coolants for automobiles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A method for providing a fusible plug on the housing of a power battery. One or more holes (openings) are provided on the housing of a power battery, a relatively general characteristic of a fusible alloy that the melting point temperature of the fusible alloy can be adapted to different temperature application scenarios by means of different combinations of ingredients thereof is used, the fusible alloy is used as a plug to block the hole (opening), the housing of the power battery and substances (comprising the air inside the battery) inside the power battery transfer heat energy (quantity) generated by the power battery in charging and discharging processes and the process of thermal runaway to the fusible alloy, and when thermal runaway occurs inside the power battery or the inside of the power battery is about to reach a critical temperature point of thermal runaway, the temperature at this time is the melting temperature of the fusible alloy, and the fusible alloy melts at this temperature, that is, the plug at the hole (opening) on the housing of the power battery disappears, so that the inside of the power battery is communicated with the outside by means of the hole (opening) on the housing, the pressure generated by the rising of the internal temperature inside the power battery is leaked, and a cooling liquid in which the power battery is soaked (the liquid level is higher than the hole/opening on the housing of the power battery) enters the inside of the power battery through the opened hole (opening) on the housing of the power battery to cool same, so as to stop the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway inside the power battery, thereby preventing and controlling a fire caused by the thermal runaway in the power battery.
Description
本发明涉及到新能源动力电池的壳体结构和热失控领域，特别是涉及到新能源汽车动力电池的壳体结构和热失控领域。The invention relates to the casing structure and the field of thermal runaway of a new energy power battery, in particular to the casing structure and the field of thermal runaway of a power battery of a new energy vehicle.
新能源汽车的动力电池组由若干个单体动力电池组成，单体动力电池主要分圆柱形或方形，壳体基本采用钢片或铝合金片冲压而成，质地较为坚硬，而且散热性能较好。壳体为整体设计，顶端开口处由带有压力泄压口和电极桩头的盖板封堵。泄压口的封堵物是受动力电池的内部压力控制的，当单体动力电池内部发生热失控所产生的压力大于封堵物所能承受的最大限值时，封堵物才能被破坏，动力电池内部压力得以释放。此时单体动力电池内部的热失控仍然处于持续发生，最终导致其着火，继而火势蔓延至整个动力电池组和整车。所以泄压口只能在动力电池发生热失控后泄放动力电池内部的压力，对终止动力电池的热失控和预防火灾、消灭火灾没有作用。动力电池的热失控分为以下三个阶段：初期阶段，动力电池在70至85摄氏度是较为安全的(这里所说的″安全的″是指此温度范围还未能破坏动力电池的内部结构而引发火灾)，当温度升高至85至125摄氏度左右时，SEI膜开始分解，不断释放热量，使温度持续上升，当温度到达115至135摄氏度左右时，SEI膜被这个温度破坏，动力电池内部的各种粘结物和溶剂和电极之间发生化学反应，内部温度加快升高，当升到148摄氏度左右时，电解质开始分解，在这个分解过程中加速了温度的升高。中期阶段，当动力电池内部温度上升到190摄氏度左右时，电极材料加速分解，释放出大量的可燃气体和热能(量)，此时动力电池内部的压强持续加大，直至冲开泄压口的封堵物，电解质及其他物质随可燃气体经泄压口排出。最后阶段，动力电池内部遭受严重破坏，正负极短路所产生的火花点燃正在持续形成的可燃气体和动力电池内部的结构物质，直至单体动力电池烧烬。而新能源汽车的动力电池是由若干个单体动力电池组合成动力电池组，密集排列安装在密闭的动力电池箱中，在当某一个单体动力电池出现上述热失控引发火灾的情形时，火势必然引燃相邻的多个单体电池，使整个动力电池组发生火情。The power battery pack of a new energy vehicle is composed of several single power batteries. The single power batteries are mainly divided into cylindrical or square shapes. The shell is basically stamped from steel sheets or aluminum alloy sheets. . The shell is designed as a whole, and the top opening is blocked by a cover plate with a pressure relief port and an electrode pile head. The plug of the pressure relief port is controlled by the internal pressure of the power battery. When the pressure generated by the thermal runaway inside the single power battery is greater than the maximum limit that the plug can withstand, the plug can be destroyed. The internal pressure of the power battery is released. At this time, the thermal runaway inside the single power battery continued to occur, which eventually caused it to catch fire, and then the fire spread to the entire power battery pack and the entire vehicle. Therefore, the pressure relief port can only release the pressure inside the power battery after the thermal runaway of the power battery occurs, and has no effect on terminating the thermal runaway of the power battery and preventing and eliminating fires. The thermal runaway of the power battery is divided into the following three stages: In the initial stage, the power battery is relatively safe at 70 to 85 degrees Celsius (the "safe" here means that the internal structure of the power battery has not been damaged in this temperature range. fire), when the temperature rises to about 85 to 125 degrees Celsius, the SEI film begins to decompose, continuously releasing heat, so that the temperature continues to rise, when the temperature reaches about 115 to 135 degrees Celsius, the SEI film is destroyed by this temperature, and the interior of the power battery A chemical reaction occurs between the various binders and the solvent and the electrode, and the internal temperature increases rapidly. When it rises to about 148 degrees Celsius, the electrolyte begins to decompose, and the temperature increase is accelerated during the decomposition process. In the mid-term stage, when the internal temperature of the power battery rises to about 190 degrees Celsius, the electrode material accelerates the decomposition, releasing a large amount of combustible gas and heat energy (amount). Blocking materials, electrolytes and other substances are discharged with the flammable gas through the pressure relief port. In the final stage, the interior of the power battery was severely damaged, and the sparks generated by the short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes ignited the continuous formation of combustible gas and structural substances inside the power battery, until the single power battery burned. The power battery of a new energy vehicle is composed of several single power batteries combined into a power battery pack, which are densely arranged and installed in a closed power battery box. The fire will inevitably ignite multiple adjacent single cells, causing the entire power battery pack to catch fire.
目前新能源汽车动力电池组的散热和加热大都采用底部或侧面液冷(热)方式，即单体动力电池的底部或侧面与流经冷却(加热)液的管道接触进行热交换。由于这些方式动力电池与冷却(加热)管道接触的面积相对有限，热交换的效率并不高。且当某一个单体动力电池出现热失控的时候，冷却(加热)液无法阻止和终止热失控的持续发生。上述冷却(加热)液是为了动力电池在负温度环境下对其加热和高温环境下对其散热，以保障动力电池稳定的工作状态，所以现行的冷却(加热)液的作用并未作为灭火介质对单体动力电池和整个动力电池组在发生热失控及火灾时参与阻止和终止热失控和火灾的持续发生。At present, the heat dissipation and heating of the new energy vehicle power battery pack mostly adopts the bottom or side liquid cooling (heating) method, that is, the bottom or side of the single power battery is in contact with the pipeline flowing through the cooling (heating) liquid for heat exchange. Since the contact area between the power battery and the cooling (heating) pipe is relatively limited in these ways, the efficiency of heat exchange is not high. And when thermal runaway occurs in a single power battery, the cooling (heating) liquid cannot prevent and stop the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway. The above cooling (heating) liquid is for the purpose of heating the power battery in a negative temperature environment and heat dissipation in a high temperature environment, so as to ensure the stable working state of the power battery, so the current cooling (heating) liquid is not used as a fire extinguishing medium. Participate in preventing and terminating the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway and fire for the single power battery and the entire power battery pack in the event of thermal runaway and fire.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决上述泄压口功能的不足、冷却(加热)液功能的不足、单体动力电池壳体结构的不足以及为了更好的预防和终止单体动力电池的热失控及热失控引发的火灾，本发明提供一种在动力电池外壳上设置易熔塞的办法，其特点是在单体动力电池的外壳上设置一个或多个孔(口)，使单体动力电池的内部与外部相通，再将这些孔(口)由含易熔合金的易熔塞封堵，而使单体动力电池内部和外部隔绝。将设置有易熔塞的动力电池浸泡在冷却(加热)液中，冷却(加热)液包围动力电池壳体，其液面高度高于设置在壳体表面的易熔塞但不浸没单体动力电池的电极桩头，以保障单体动力电池电极桩头与冷却(加热)液之间的绝缘性。冷却(加热)液对单体动力电池及整个动力电池组进行冷热交换，保障其正常的工作温度。单体动力电池在充、放电过程中产生的热能(量)通过壳体和动力电池内部结构物质和内部空气传递给易熔塞，当某一个单体动力电池内部温度升高至异常时(即即将达到或已经达到影响 动力电池的安全的温度时，热失控即将发生或已经发生时)，此时的温度即是易熔塞熔化的温度。易熔塞熔化后，单体动力电池的内部与外部处于贯通状态，冷却(加热)液在重力作用下经易熔塞进入该单体动力电池内部，淹没、冷却正在发生热失控的动力电池的内部结构、组件。使其内部温度降低，致使动力电池内部的各种物质之间不再相互产生热能(量)，终止其热失控的持续发生，防止火灾的发生。保障了其他单体动力电池和整个动力电池组的安全。In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the function of the pressure relief port, the deficiencies in the cooling (heating) liquid function, the deficiencies in the structure of the single power battery shell, and in order to better prevent and terminate the thermal runaway of the single power battery and the fire caused by thermal runaway, The invention provides a method for arranging a fusible plug on the power battery shell, which is characterized in that one or more holes (ports) are arranged on the shell of the single power battery, so that the inside of the single power battery is communicated with the outside, and then the These holes (orifices) are blocked by fusible plugs containing fusible alloys to isolate the inside and outside of the single power battery. Immerse the power battery provided with the fusible plug in the cooling (heating) liquid, the cooling (heating) liquid surrounds the power battery casing, and its liquid level is higher than the fusible plug set on the surface of the casing but does not submerge the monomer power The electrode pile head of the battery is used to ensure the insulation between the electrode pile head of the single power battery and the cooling (heating) liquid. The cooling (heating) liquid exchanges heat and cold for the single power battery and the entire power battery pack to ensure its normal working temperature. The heat energy (amount) generated by the single power battery during the charging and discharging process is transmitted to the fusible plug through the internal structural materials and internal air of the casing and the power battery. When the internal temperature of a single power battery increases to an abnormal level (ie When it is about to reach or has reached a temperature that affects the safety of the power battery, when thermal runaway is about to occur or has occurred), the temperature at this time is the temperature at which the fusible plug melts. After the fusible plug is melted, the inside and outside of the single power battery are in a connected state, and the cooling (heating) liquid enters the interior of the single power battery through the fusible plug under the action of gravity, submerging and cooling the power battery that is undergoing thermal runaway. Internal structure, components. The internal temperature of the battery is lowered, so that the various substances inside the power battery no longer generate heat energy (quantity) with each other, and the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway is terminated, thereby preventing the occurrence of fire. It ensures the safety of other single power batteries and the entire power battery pack.
比较适宜的是，一个或多个易熔塞安装在单体动力电池壳体的侧面。更加适宜的是安装在方形单体动力电池的两个面积大的面的其中一面。Preferably, one or more fusible plugs are installed on the side of the single power battery housing. It is more suitable to install it on one of the two large-area surfaces of the square unit power battery.
比较适宜的是，易熔塞的形状是方形或圆形、长方形和楕圆形，更加适宜的是以长方形呈竖立安装。It is more suitable that the shape of the fusible plug is a square or a circle, a rectangle and an elliptical circle, and it is more suitable that the shape of the fusible plug is erected in a rectangular shape.
比较适宜的是，易熔塞的易熔物为易熔合金，易熔合金的熔化温度与单体动力电池发生热失控的温度相近。更加适宜的是易熔合金熔化的温度比单体动力电池发生热失控的温度低1-5摄氏度。Preferably, the fusible material of the fusible plug is a fusible alloy, and the melting temperature of the fusible alloy is close to the temperature at which the single power battery undergoes thermal runaway. It is more suitable that the melting temperature of the fusible alloy is 1-5 degrees Celsius lower than the temperature at which the thermal runaway of the single power battery occurs.
比较适宜的是，冷却液浸泡单体动力电池的高度是单体动力电动壳体的五分之三至五分之四，更加适宜的是五分之四以上，液面高度完全淹没易熔塞。液面与电极柱头之间可用密封材料进行隔离。It is more suitable that the height of the single power battery soaked by the coolant is three-fifth to four-fifths of the single-power electric casing, more suitable is more than four-fifths, and the liquid level completely submerges the fusible plug. . A sealing material can be used for isolation between the liquid level and the electrode column head.
比较适宜的是易熔塞用片状金属材料作为基体，基体中间设置开口通道，开口通道用易熔合金进行封堵。比较适宜的是，易熔塞可通过双面胶、糊状粘接剂粘贴在单体动力电池的外壳上。更加适宜的是进行了上述粘贴后再进行铆接或焊接。It is more suitable that the fusible plug uses a sheet metal material as the base body, and an open channel is arranged in the middle of the base body, and the open channel is blocked with a fusible alloy. It is more suitable that the fusible plug can be pasted on the shell of the single power battery through double-sided tape and paste adhesive. More preferably, riveting or welding is performed after the above-mentioned pasting.
特别说明的是，易熔塞的开口通道与动力电池壳体上的开口是重合的，即两者的开口形成一个完整的通道口，使易熔塞上的易熔合金熔化后，冷却液作为冷却、灭火介质能顺利的进入单体动力电池内部。In particular, the opening channel of the fusible plug is coincident with the opening on the power battery casing, that is, the openings of the two form a complete channel opening, so that after the fusible alloy on the fusible plug is melted, the coolant acts as a The cooling and fire extinguishing medium can smoothly enter the interior of the single power battery.
实施例1：选择一块厚度为27mm、高度为97mm、宽度为148mm、3.7伏、50安时满电的宁德时代公司生产的三元锂动力电池，在该动力电池壳体高97mm、宽148mm的其中一个大面上左右居中开一条垂直的宽1mm、高5mm的口，口的上止点距离壳体顶端盖板10mm，该口用易熔合金进行封堵，易熔合金的熔化点是80度。将该动力电池沉浸在冷却液中，冷却液的液面高度为距离动力电池顶部盖板15mm(即动力电池顶部往下15mm是液面)。然后进行穿刺测试，当钢针刺入电池后，其内部的短路已经形成，动力电池内部和壳体的温度急剧上升，在钢针插入该单体动力电池15秒钟后，露出冷却液面5mm处的易熔合金首先熔化，继而引发整条易熔合金熔化，单体电池内部的气体得以释放，冷却液在重力作用下注入动力电池内部，内部的结构组件被冷却液淹没而得以冷却，单体动力电池的电量被逐渐消耗殆尽热失控被终止，整个过程无发生冒浓烟及起火现象。Example 1: Choose a ternary lithium power battery produced by CATL with a thickness of 27mm, a height of 97mm, a width of 148mm, 3.7 volts, and a full charge of 50 amps. The power battery case is 97mm high and 148mm wide. A vertical port with a width of 1mm and a height of 5mm is opened on the left and right sides of a large surface. The top dead point of the port is 10mm away from the top cover plate of the shell. The port is blocked with fusible alloy. The melting point of the fusible alloy is 80 degrees. . The power battery is immersed in the cooling liquid, and the liquid level of the cooling liquid is 15mm from the top cover of the power battery (that is, the liquid level is 15mm down from the top of the power battery). Then carry out the puncture test. When the steel needle pierces the battery, the internal short circuit has been formed, and the temperature inside the power battery and the casing rises sharply. After the steel needle is inserted into the single power battery for 15 seconds, the cooling liquid surface is exposed by 5mm The fusible alloy at the place is first melted, and then the whole fusible alloy is melted, the gas inside the single battery is released, the cooling liquid is injected into the power battery under the action of gravity, and the internal structural components are submerged by the cooling liquid to be cooled. The power of the power battery was gradually exhausted, the thermal runaway was terminated, and there was no smoke or fire during the whole process.
实施例2：重复实施例1中的条件设置，不同的是，此实施例不用针刺的方法。而是将动力电池的正、负极桩头上连接短路导线，使动力电池内部在大电流放电过程中发生热失控。当短路导线连通后的12秒钟后，该单体动力电池内部的温度和其壳体的温度急剧上升，封堵壳体开口上的易熔合金达到熔点被熔化，冷却液在重力作用下进入动力电池内部，此时动力电池内部的温度急剧下降，热失控得到控制，随后被终止，动力电池的电量逐渐被耗尽，整个过程无发生冒浓烟和起火现象。Example 2: Repeat the condition setting in Example 1, except that this example does not use the method of acupuncture. Instead, short-circuit wires are connected to the positive and negative pole heads of the power battery, so that thermal runaway occurs inside the power battery during the high-current discharge process. After 12 seconds after the short-circuit wire is connected, the temperature inside the single power battery and the temperature of its casing rise sharply, the fusible alloy on the opening of the closed casing reaches the melting point and is melted, and the cooling liquid enters under the action of gravity Inside the power battery, the temperature inside the power battery dropped sharply at this time, the thermal runaway was controlled, and then terminated, the power of the power battery was gradually exhausted, and there was no smoke or fire during the whole process.
上述实施例采用的冷却液均为市面上销售的汽车用冷却液。The coolants used in the above embodiments are all commercially available coolants for automobiles.
以上所述的实施例只是本发明列举的其中一种实施例，并不是本发明的所有实施例，相关人员在没有创造性劳动的前提下对本发明的相关应用，均属于侵权。The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the embodiments enumerated in the present invention, not all embodiments of the present invention, and the relevant application of the present invention by relevant persons without creative work is an infringement.
Claims (5)
- 一种在动力电池的外壳上设置易熔塞的办法，其特征是易熔塞安装在动力电池的外壳上，接受来自于动力电池内部和外壳传导的热能(量)，易熔塞的开口通道与单体动力电池壳体的开口重合，易熔塞的开口通道用易熔合金封堵。A method for arranging a fusible plug on the casing of a power battery, characterized in that the fusible plug is installed on the casing of the power battery to receive heat energy (amount) from the interior of the power battery and the casing, and the opening channel of the fusible plug Coinciding with the opening of the single power battery casing, the opening channel of the fusible plug is blocked with a fusible alloy.
- 权利要求1中所述的易熔塞的易熔合金的熔点温度小于、等于动力电池热失控温度。The melting point temperature of the fusible alloy of the fusible plug described in claim 1 is less than or equal to the thermal runaway temperature of the power battery.
- 权利要求1中所述易熔塞的形状可以是圆形、方形、长方形、楕圆形不规则形。The shape of the fusible plug in claim 1 can be circular, square, rectangular, elliptical and irregular.
- 一种在动力电池的外壳上设置易熔塞的办法，其特征所用于冷却和终止动力电池热失控的介质是车用冷却液、车用防冻液。A method for arranging a fusible plug on the casing of a power battery is characterized in that the medium used for cooling and terminating the thermal runaway of the power battery is vehicle coolant and vehicle antifreeze.
- 一种在动力电池的外壳上设置易熔塞的办法，其特征是动力电池是浸泡在冷却介质中，冷却介质的液面高度高于易熔塞在动力电池壳体上的高度。A method for arranging a fusible plug on the casing of a power battery is characterized in that the power battery is immersed in a cooling medium, and the liquid level of the cooling medium is higher than the height of the fusible plug on the casing of the power battery.
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| CN202110317427.4 | 2021-03-25 | ||
| CN202110317427.4A CN113078385A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Method for arranging fusible plug on shell of power battery |
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| CN106816668A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-09 | 北京航盛新能科技有限公司 | A kind of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway cooling fire extinguishing liquid cooling apparatus, monitoring system and method |
| CN206834263U (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-01-02 | 惠州中科新能源研究院 | A kind of high magnification rectangular cell |
| CN207834423U (en) * | 2018-01-07 | 2018-09-07 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Explosion-proof shell of lithium battery |
| CN110994067A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery cooling system |
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| CN106816668A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-09 | 北京航盛新能科技有限公司 | A kind of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway cooling fire extinguishing liquid cooling apparatus, monitoring system and method |
| CN206834263U (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-01-02 | 惠州中科新能源研究院 | A kind of high magnification rectangular cell |
| CN207834423U (en) * | 2018-01-07 | 2018-09-07 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Explosion-proof shell of lithium battery |
| CN110994067A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery cooling system |
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