CN210136955U - Fire extinguishing device of energy storage battery - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing device of energy storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN210136955U CN210136955U CN201920839429.8U CN201920839429U CN210136955U CN 210136955 U CN210136955 U CN 210136955U CN 201920839429 U CN201920839429 U CN 201920839429U CN 210136955 U CN210136955 U CN 210136955U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fire extinguishing device of an energy storage battery, which comprises a sealed box body, a circulation loop and a discharging unit; the discharging unit is arranged in the sealed box body and is of a through structure; the circulating loop is arranged outside the sealed box body, and the inside of the circulating loop is filled with flame retardant; the discharging unit is provided with a plurality of discharging holes blocked by fusible materials, the inlet and the outlet of the discharging holes are respectively communicated with two ends of the circulating loop to form a passage for realizing the circulation of the flame retardant, and the outlet of the discharging hole is also provided with a through hole communicated with the sealed box body. The utility model discloses an energy storage battery's extinguishing device, when the single cell took place unusually to heat up, the fusible material that is arranged in near one or more discharge openings of this battery was melted, and fire-retardant thing is directed to spout immediately and is cooled down, fire-retardant to this battery, can effectively prevent this single cell temperature to continue to rise, can avoid this single cell to all the other single cell's influence simultaneously, has important meaning to protection single cell and energy storage battery group safety.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the battery technology, concretely relates to extinguishing device of energy storage battery especially relates to the extinguishing device that starts when energy storage battery takes place unusual intensification.
Background
The energy storage technology is an important means for meeting the large-scale intervention of renewable energy sources, is an important component of a distributed energy system and the electric automobile industry, and plays a significant role in energy internet. The energy storage battery has the advantages of high efficiency, good dynamic characteristic, high energy use years, little influence from terrain and the like, the rated power and the rated capacity of the energy storage battery can be independently prepared, and the energy storage battery is widely concerned in the construction of electric automobiles and electric power energy storage power stations. However, in the energy storage battery, due to the active type of the electrode and the instability of the electrolyte, under abuse conditions, such as overheating, excessive charging and discharging, impact, extrusion, short circuit and the like of the battery, chemical reactions occur between internal battery materials, a large amount of heat and gas are generated, thermal runaway of the battery can be caused, and finally, fire or explosion accidents are induced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem, the utility model provides an energy storage battery's extinguishing device, when the battery cell took place to heat up unusually, the nearest cavity plugging material of distance battery melts, and fire-retardant thing is directional spout immediately to this battery cell, can effectively prevent battery temperature to continue to rise.
In order to realize the technical purpose, reach above-mentioned technological effect, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
a fire suppression apparatus for an energy storage battery, comprising: the device comprises a sealed box body, a discharging unit and a circulating loop;
the sealed box body is filled with flame-retardant substances and is in a normal pressure state;
the discharging unit is arranged in the sealed box body and is of a through structure;
the circulating loop is positioned outside the sealed box body, and the inside of the circulating loop is filled with flame retardant;
the discharging unit is provided with a plurality of discharging holes blocked by fusible materials, and the inlets and the outlets of the discharging holes are respectively communicated with two ends of the circulating loop to form a passage for realizing the circulation of the flame retardant; and the outlet is also provided with a through hole communicated with the sealed box body.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the fire extinguishing device of the energy storage battery further comprises at least one single battery, and each single battery is respectively positioned at one or more discharge holes on the discharge unit;
when a certain single battery is abnormally heated and the temperature around the single battery is raised to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge holes around the single battery is melted, and the flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the corresponding single battery from the discharge holes, so that the temperature reduction and flame retardant of the abnormally heated single battery are realized.
As the utility model discloses a further improvement, when a certain battery cell took place unusual intensification, and this battery cell ambient temperature risees when reaching fusible material's melting temperature, the fusible material in the discharge opening nearest from this battery cell was melted at first, and fire-retardant thing is oriented from the discharge opening and is spouted to this battery cell.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the discharge unit comprises a pipeline, a plurality of discharge holes blocked by fusible materials are arranged on the pipeline.
As a further improvement, the pipeline is wound around each single battery, and the pipeline is equal to the surface distance of each single battery.
As a further improvement, each single battery is regularly arranged in the sealing box body, and each discharge hole is uniformly and densely distributed on the pipeline.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the discharging unit comprises at least one cavity body;
when the number of the cavity bodies is larger than or equal to 2, the cavity bodies are communicated with each other.
As the utility model discloses a further improvement, the cavity body is flat, and each battery cell regular spread is in sealed box, evenly densely covered discharge opening on the cavity body.
As a further improvement, each cavity body is parallel to each other and sets up, locates a cavity body between two adjacent lines of battery cells, and each battery cell in these two lines with be the equidistance between the cavity body.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the circulation loop comprises a first solenoid valve, a buffer tank, a heat exchanger, a second solenoid valve and a compressor, which are arranged in sequence, wherein the first solenoid valve is further connected with an inlet of the discharging unit; the second electromagnetic valve is also connected with an outlet of the discharging unit.
As a further improvement of the present invention, a signal trigger is provided on the fusible material, and when the fusible material is melted, the signal trigger is triggered to immediately send a start signal to the circulation loop to start the circulation loop.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fusible material is a temperature sensitive material.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the meltable material is colloidal or film-shaped, and can realize the plugging of the discharge hole.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the inlet and the outlet of the discharging unit are respectively positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the sealed box body.
As a further improvement of the utility model, all the discharge holes on the discharge unit are positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the discharge unit.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the flame retardant is a cooling flame retardant fire extinguishing substance.
As a further improvement of the utility model, the flame retardant is gas.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
(1) the utility model provides an energy storage battery's extinguishing device, when the single cell took place unusually to heat up, the fusible material that is arranged in near one or more discharge openings of this battery was melted, and fire-retardant thing is directed to spout immediately and is cooled down, fire-retardant to this battery, can effectively prevent this single cell temperature to continue to rise, can avoid this single cell to all the other single cell's influence simultaneously, has important meaning to protection single cell and energy storage battery group safety.
(2) The utility model discloses a cooling extinguishing device is for self-starting the state, and the fixed point is cooled down, is fire-retardant to the too high battery of temperature, need not plus temperature or gas monitor, not only can accomplish accurately, high-efficiently and detect, and need not power consumptive, realizes energy-conservingly.
(3) The utility model discloses a what be full of in the airtight box is fire-retardant thing, and not the air in the traditional structure, can further avoid the battery to take place to burn or explode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein:
1-a sealed box body, 2-a single battery, 3-a discharge hole, 401-a first electromagnetic valve, 402-a second electromagnetic valve, 5-a buffer tank, 6-a heat exchanger, 7-a compressor and 8-a through hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following description is made in detail for the application of the principles of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Because the energy storage battery is because of the liveness of its electrode and the instability of electrolyte, under the abuse condition, for example the battery is overheated, excessively charges, discharges, receives striking, extrusion, short circuit etc. take place chemical reaction between the battery material of inside, produce a large amount of heat and gas, can cause the thermal runaway of battery, finally induce and catch fire or explosion accident, for this reason, the utility model provides an extinguishing device of energy storage battery, when the monomer battery takes place unusual intensification, the cavity shutoff material nearest to the battery melts, and the fire-retardant thing is directed to spout to this battery immediately, can effectively prevent the battery temperature to continue rising; in addition, the cooling fire extinguishing device of the utility model is in a self-starting state, cools and resists fire for the battery with overhigh temperature at a fixed point, does not need an external temperature or a gas monitor, can accurately and efficiently complete detection, does not need power consumption, and realizes energy conservation; thirdly, the utility model discloses a what be full of in the airtight box is fire-retardant thing, and the air in the traditional structure not can further avoid the battery to take place to burn or explode.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery, including a sealed box 1, a circulation loop and a discharging unit;
the structure of the sealing box body 1 can be rectangular or other shapes, and can be designed according to actual needs, the utility model is not limited specifically, and the material is not limited specially, as long as the sealing function of the box body can be ensured; the sealed box body is filled with flame-retardant substances and is in a normal pressure state;
the discharging unit is arranged in the sealed box body 1 and is of a through structure, namely, the inside of the discharging unit is of a communicated structure;
the circulation loop is positioned outside the sealed box body 1, and the inside of the circulation loop is filled with flame retardant; preferably, the flame retardant is a cooling flame-retardant fire extinguishing substance, so that the surface temperature of the single battery 2 can be effectively reduced, the function of sealing the box body 1 to prevent the single battery 2 from burning can be realized, and the selection of the specific flame retardant can be determined according to actual needs in the actual application process, therefore, the utility model discloses in do not specially limit, as long as the functions of cooling, flame-retardant and fire extinguishing can be realized;
the discharging unit is provided with a plurality of discharging holes 3 blocked by fusible materials, the inlets and outlets of the discharging holes 3 are respectively communicated with two ends of the circulation loop to form a passage for realizing the circulation of the flame retardant, the outlets are also provided with through holes 8 communicated with the sealed box body 1 for discharging redundant flame retardant in the sealed box body to the outside of the sealed box body 1 through the circulation loop and also for introducing the flame retardant into the sealed box body, and in the practical application process, a guide pipe can be designed at the through hole 8; in a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the fusible material is a temperature-sensitive material, which may be in a gel or film shape, and is used for plugging the discharge hole 3, and the specific fusible material may be selected and determined according to actual needs, so that the present invention is not specifically limited, and the fusible material is automatically melted to expose the discharge hole 3 as long as the monitored temperature exceeds the melting point; the inlet and the outlet of the discharging unit are respectively positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the sealed box body 1, preferably, the inlet and the outlet of the discharging unit are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the sealed box body 1; all the discharge holes 3 on the discharge unit are positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the discharge unit.
In summary, the following steps: the utility model discloses energy storage battery's extinguishing device's theory of operation specifically is:
(1) the circulating loop or other devices are utilized to introduce the flame retardant into the sealed box body 1, so that the whole sealed box body 1 is filled with the flame retardant under normal pressure, the flame retardant can be cooled to isolate air, the single battery can be effectively prevented from catching fire and exploding, and the discharge unit is filled with the flame retardant; when a flame retardant material is introduced into the sealed box body 1 by using a circulating loop, the through hole 8 is used as an air outlet;
(2) when a certain single battery 2 placed in the sealed box body 1 is abnormally heated and the ambient temperature of the single battery 2 is raised to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in one or more discharge holes 3 near the battery is melted, and the flame retardant is immediately and directionally sprayed to the battery from the discharge holes 3 to cool and retard the flame, so that the temperature of the single battery 2 can be effectively prevented from being continuously raised, wherein the fusible material in the discharge hole 3 closest to the single battery is firstly melted, and meanwhile, the influence of the single battery 2 on the rest of the single batteries 2 can be avoided, and the safety protection of the single battery 2 and the energy storage battery pack is of great significance.
Example 2
Based on the same utility model concept as embodiment 1, the embodiment of the present invention differs from embodiment 1 in that:
the fire extinguishing device for the energy storage battery further comprises at least one single battery 2, and each single battery 2 is respectively positioned at one or more discharging holes 3 on the discharging unit;
when the temperature of a certain single battery 2 is abnormally increased and the temperature around the single battery 2 is increased to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge holes 3 around the single battery 2 is melted, and the flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the corresponding single battery 2 from the discharge holes 3.
In a specific implementation of the embodiment of the utility model, when a certain battery cell 2 takes place unusual intensification, and this battery cell 2 ambient temperature rise when reaching the melting temperature of fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge opening 3 nearest from this battery cell 2 is melted, and fire-retardant thing is oriented to spout to this battery cell 2 from discharge opening 3. In another specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, when a certain single battery 2 is abnormally heated, and the temperature around the single battery 2 rises to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge hole 3 nearest to the single battery 2 is melted, the flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the single battery 2 from the discharge hole 3, and the discharge holes 3 around the single battery 2 are also melted and penetrated, and the flame retardant is sprayed to the corresponding single battery 2, so as to effectively avoid the influence of the abnormally heated battery on the single battery 2 which normally operates around;
each single battery 2 can be regularly arranged in the sealing box body 1, or irregularly arranged, and in the practical application process, the single batteries 2 can be arranged according to the actual needs as long as the requirement that each single battery 2 is located at one or more discharge holes 3 on the discharge unit is met.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the discharging unit includes a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a plurality of discharging holes 3 blocked by a fusible material; preferably, the pipeline is wound around each single battery 2, as shown in fig. 1, the pipeline is in a winding shape, distances from each single battery 2 to the surface of the pipeline are equal, and in the actual application process, distances from the pipeline to the surfaces of each single battery 2 may also be unequal, specifically according to design requirements; more preferably, the single batteries 2 are regularly arranged in the sealed box 1, as shown in fig. 1, the single batteries 2 may be arranged in a plurality of rows, and the rows are arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals, and adjacent single batteries may be arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals, and the discharge holes 3 are uniformly and densely distributed on the pipe, so as to ensure that each single battery 2 is at least opposite to one discharge hole, and in the actual application process, the discharge holes 3 may also be non-uniformly and densely distributed on the pipe, specifically according to design requirements.
In another specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the discharging unit includes at least one hollow cavity; when the number of the cavity bodies is more than or equal to 2, the cavity bodies are communicated with each other; preferably, the cavity body is flat, the single batteries 2 are regularly arranged in the sealed box body 1, and the discharge holes 3 are uniformly and densely distributed on the cavity body; more preferably, the cavity bodies are arranged in parallel, one cavity body is arranged between two adjacent rows of the single batteries 2, and the single batteries 2 in the two rows are equidistant from the cavity body; or a plurality of cavity bodies are arranged on the same horizontal plane, and adjacent cavity bodies are communicated through a guide pipe and are used for forming a passage together with the circulation loop and introducing or outputting the flame retardant.
Example 3
The embodiment of the present invention is different from the embodiment 1 or 2 in that:
the circulating loop comprises a first electromagnetic valve 401, a buffer tank 5, a heat exchanger 6, a second electromagnetic valve 402 and a compressor 7 which are sequentially arranged, and the first electromagnetic valve 401 is also connected with an inlet of the discharging unit; the second solenoid valve 402 is also connected to the outlet of the discharging unit.
The rest is the same as example 1 or example 2.
Example 4
The embodiment of the present invention is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the fusible material is provided with a signal trigger (not shown in the figure), when the fusible material is fused, the signal trigger is triggered, and a starting signal is immediately sent to the circulating loop to start the circulating loop.
The rest of the process was the same as in example 3.
In summary, the following steps: the utility model discloses energy storage battery's extinguishing device's theory of operation specifically is:
(1) introducing a flame-retardant material into the sealed box body 1 by using a circulation loop or other devices so that the whole sealed box body 1 is filled with the flame-retardant material, wherein the through hole 8 is used as an air outlet hole when the flame-retardant material is introduced into the sealed box body 1 by using the circulation loop;
(2) when a certain single battery 2 placed in the sealed box body 1 is abnormally heated, the surface temperature of the single battery 2 is raised, and the temperature around the single battery 2 is raised to reach the melting temperature of a fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge hole 3 around the single battery 2 is melted, a signal trigger is triggered, and a starting signal is immediately sent to a first electromagnetic valve 401 and a second electromagnetic valve 402 of a circulation loop, so that the first electromagnetic valve 401 and the second electromagnetic valve 402 are in an open state, the circulation loop is started, and a flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the corresponding single battery 2 from the discharge hole 3, so that the purposes of cooling, flame retarding and fire extinguishing of the single battery 2 are achieved; meanwhile, the excessive flame retardant in the sealed box body 1 enters an outlet of the discharging unit through the through hole 8, then enters the compressor 7 to be compressed, is cooled through the heat exchanger 6, enters the buffer tank 5, and is sprayed to the heated single battery 2 through the molten discharging hole 3, and the process is circulated until the surface temperature of the single battery 2 is reduced to the normal temperature, and the first electromagnetic valve 401 and the second electromagnetic valve 402 are closed.
The basic principles and the main features of the invention and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that the foregoing embodiments and descriptions are provided only to illustrate the principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (17)
1. A fire suppression apparatus for an energy storage battery, comprising: the device comprises a sealed box body, a discharging unit and a circulating loop;
the discharging unit is arranged in the sealed box body and is of a through structure;
the circulating loop is positioned outside the sealed box body, and the inside of the circulating loop is filled with flame retardant;
the discharging unit is provided with a plurality of discharging holes blocked by fusible materials, and the inlets and the outlets of the discharging holes are respectively communicated with two ends of the circulating loop to form a passage for realizing the circulation of the flame retardant; and the outlet is also provided with a through hole communicated with the sealing box body.
2. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 1, wherein: the fire extinguishing device for the energy storage battery further comprises at least one single battery, and each single battery is respectively positioned at one or more discharge holes on the discharge unit;
when a certain single battery is abnormally heated and the temperature around the single battery is raised to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge holes around the single battery is melted, and the flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the corresponding single battery from the discharge holes, so that the temperature reduction and flame retardant of the abnormally heated single battery are realized.
3. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 2, wherein: when the temperature of a certain single battery is abnormally increased and the ambient temperature of the single battery is increased to reach the melting temperature of the fusible material, the fusible material in the discharge hole closest to the single battery is firstly melted, and the flame retardant is directionally sprayed to the single battery from the discharge hole.
4. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 2, wherein: the discharging unit comprises a pipeline, and a plurality of discharging holes blocked by fusible materials are formed in the pipeline.
5. The fire extinguishing apparatus for the energy storage battery according to claim 4, wherein: the pipeline is arranged around each single battery in a winding mode, and distances from the pipeline to the surfaces of the single batteries are equal.
6. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 5, wherein: the single batteries are regularly arranged in the sealed box body, and the discharge holes are uniformly and densely distributed on the pipeline.
7. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 2, wherein: the discharging unit comprises at least one cavity body;
when the number of the cavity bodies is larger than or equal to 2, the cavity bodies are communicated with each other.
8. The fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery according to claim 7, wherein: the cavity body is flat, and each battery cell regular array is in sealed box, evenly gathers the discharge opening on the cavity body.
9. The fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery according to claim 8, wherein: each cavity body is parallel to each other and sets up, locates a cavity body between two adjacent lines of battery cells, and each battery cell in these two lines with be the equidistance between the cavity body.
10. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein: the circulating loop comprises a first electromagnetic valve, a buffer tank, a heat exchanger, a second electromagnetic valve and a compressor which are sequentially arranged, and the first electromagnetic valve is also connected with an inlet of the discharging unit; the second electromagnetic valve is also connected with an outlet of the discharging unit.
11. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 10, wherein: the fusible material is provided with a signal trigger, when the fusible material is fused, the signal trigger is triggered, and immediately sends a starting signal to the circulation loop to start the circulation loop.
12. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 1, wherein: the fusible material is a temperature sensitive material.
13. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 12, wherein: the meltable material is colloidal or film-shaped, and can realize the plugging of the discharge hole.
14. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 1, wherein: and the inlet and the outlet of the discharging unit are respectively positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the sealed box body.
15. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as defined in claim 1 or 14, wherein: all the discharge holes on the discharge unit are positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the discharge unit.
16. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 1, wherein: the flame retardant is a cooling flame-retardant fire extinguishing substance.
17. A fire extinguishing apparatus for an energy storage battery as recited in claim 1 or 16, wherein: the flame retardant is a gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920839429.8U CN210136955U (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Fire extinguishing device of energy storage battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920839429.8U CN210136955U (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Fire extinguishing device of energy storage battery |
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| CN210136955U true CN210136955U (en) | 2020-03-10 |
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| CN201920839429.8U Active CN210136955U (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Fire extinguishing device of energy storage battery |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110350139A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of extinguishing device of energy-storage battery |
| CN115091973A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏嗯哇科技有限公司 | Double-lithium battery switching system of electric vehicle |
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 CN CN201920839429.8U patent/CN210136955U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110350139A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of extinguishing device of energy-storage battery |
| CN115091973A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏嗯哇科技有限公司 | Double-lithium battery switching system of electric vehicle |
| CN115091973B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-07-14 | 江苏嗯哇科技有限公司 | Double-lithium battery switching system of electric vehicle |
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