CN113193261B - Liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system and management and control method for lithium battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system and management and control method for lithium battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
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- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system and a management and control method for a lithium battery energy storage system, wherein the liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system comprises an integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug box module, a fusible fire-fighting pipe is arranged in the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug box module, and nitrogen or inert gas with certain pressure is sealed in the fire-fighting pipe and is arranged above a battery pressure release valve; adopt low pressure circulation heat transfer during normal operating, the fire control pipe breaks under the high temperature flue gas that the battery jetted and the intraductal high-pressure gas combined action of fire control when the thermal runaway takes place, and the intraductal gas of fire control discharges rapidly and makes the fire control pipe check valve open, and liquid working medium sprays the thermal runaway battery monomer through the fixed point of fire control pipe rapidly, realizes putting out a fire rapidly and cooling. The invention couples liquid-cooled thermal management and liquid fire control, can realize the control of the proper temperature and the temperature consistency of the lithium battery during normal operation, and can simultaneously ensure that the rapid cooling and the liquid working medium spraying for fire extinguishing are carried out when the thermal runaway of the single battery occurs so as to reduce or eliminate the thermal runaway development and the thermal runaway spread.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage power station management and control, in particular to a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system and method applied to a lithium battery energy storage system.
Background
An electrochemical energy storage system mainly based on a lithium ion battery is an important component of a modern power system and an intelligent power grid, and is also an important link for realizing effective grid connection and distributed power generation of renewable energy sources. However, the lithium ion battery adopts flammable organic electrolyte with low boiling point, and the material system has high heat value, so that after a battery body or electrical equipment or the like fails, thermal runaway of the battery is easily triggered, and further events such as combustion and explosion of an energy storage system are evolved. Because the intrinsic safety problem of the lithium battery is difficult to eliminate at the present stage, the real-time monitoring and control of the lithium battery energy storage system through the electric, thermal and safety management system is a main means for realizing the system safety.
The thermal problem runs through the whole process from normal operation to gradual thermal runaway and then to fire of the lithium battery energy storage system, the appropriate temperature and the temperature consistency management and control of the lithium battery are required to be carried out in the normal operation, and the rapid cooling is required to be carried out when the single battery is in the initial stage of the thermal runaway so as to reduce or eliminate the thermal runaway development and the thermal runaway spread. In the prior art, an energy storage power station generally adopts an industrial air conditioner combined with a speed regulation fan mode to carry out air-cooled heat management, has limited heat exchange capacity, and cannot carry out emergency refrigeration and realize thermal runaway blocking when thermal runaway occurs. The protection after the thermal runaway is ignited is mainly based on the container scale whole gas full-submerged fire extinguishing mode, and the temperature of a battery cannot be reduced and the afterburning cannot be prevented. In addition, the existing fire extinguishing device is mainly a suspension type or cabinet type fire extinguishing device, the response speed of the device is low, the radius of a protected area is limited, and a protection dead angle exists. For the energy storage system with the plug-in box structural design, the fire extinguishing agent cannot easily reach the battery box in time, and the fire is difficult to control at the first time at a fixed point. Some patents consider the mode of tapping at the liquid cooling plate and plugging with hot melt material, realize that the mode of hot melt material melting and injection cycle working medium realizes battery cooling and fire control when thermal runaway, but hot melt material itself receives liquid cooling plate radiating effect, hardly realizes in time melting and opens the jet orifice.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system and a management and control method for a lithium battery energy storage system, which are used for managing and controlling the temperature suitability and consistency of a battery under the normal operating condition, carrying out emergency refrigeration and fixed-point fire fighting in the thermal runaway occurrence process and improving the overall safety of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system of a lithium battery energy storage system comprises an integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug box module, a heat exchanger, a liquid return pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a liquid storage box, a high-pressure pump, a liquid inlet pipe and a circulating pump;
the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery subrack module comprises a liquid-cooling bottom plate, a module liquid inlet, a module shell, a battery monomer, a fire-fighting pipe, a module liquid outlet and a battery management unit;
the liquid cooling bottom plate is internally provided with a working medium flow passage, the battery monomers are arranged on the liquid cooling bottom plate side by side, the top surface of each battery monomer is provided with a battery pressure release valve, the fire fighting pipe is arranged above the battery pressure release valve of each battery monomer, one end of the fire fighting pipe is connected with the working medium flow passage of the liquid cooling bottom plate through the one-way valve of the fire fighting pipe, and the other end of the fire fighting pipe is closed;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) sealing nitrogen or inert gas with certain pressure in the fire fighting pipe, so that a check valve of the fire fighting pipe is in a closed state, preventing liquid working medium from flowing into the fire fighting pipe from a working medium flow passage during normal operation, and simultaneously preventing gas in the fire fighting pipe from flowing into the working medium flow passage to influence liquid cooling circulation;
the working medium flow passage outlet of the liquid cooling bottom plate is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage tank through the module liquid outlet, the liquid return pipe, the heat exchanger and the electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected with the liquid inlet pipe through the high-pressure pump and the circulating pump, and the liquid inlet pipe is connected with the working medium flow passage inlet through the module liquid inlet to form a circulating loop;
the fire control pipe adopts fusibility fire control pipe, and when battery monomer took place the thermal runaway, the fire control pipe broke under the high temperature flue gas that the battery jetted and intraductal high-pressure gas combined action, and the intraductal gas of fire control discharges rapidly and makes the fire control pipe check valve open, and liquid working medium in the working medium runner gets into the fire control pipe rapidly and carries out the fixed point and spout thermal runaway battery monomer.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the module shell is provided with a heat insulating material, so that the integrated liquid-cooling fire protection coupling plug-in box module is subjected to heat pipe control by the liquid-cooling bottom plate, and the influence of the external environment temperature is reduced.
Further, the liquid working medium is water, glycol solution or perfluorohexanone, and the fire fighting pipe is a polymer hose or a low-melting-point alloy metal pipe.
A management and control method based on the liquid cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system of the lithium battery energy storage system comprises the following steps:
liquid cooling mode: the liquid working medium stored in the liquid storage tank is distributed to a module liquid inlet of the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery inserting box module by a liquid inlet pipe under the action of a circulating pump and enters a working medium flow passage of a liquid cooling bottom plate, flows out of a module liquid outlet after exchanging heat with a battery monomer, enters a heat exchanger through a liquid return pipe, and enters the liquid storage tank for storage after being subjected to temperature adjustment of the liquid working medium by the heat exchanger;
and (4) a fire fighting mode: when battery monomer takes place thermal runaway, the battery relief valve will be opened and spray high temperature flue gas, the inside gas pressure combined action of flue gas high temperature impact and fire control pipe for the fire control pipe just breaks to battery relief valve position, and the intraductal gas of fire control discharges rapidly, and pressure reduces rapidly, and fire control pipe check valve is opened, and liquid working medium in the working medium runner gets into the fire control pipe through fire control pipe check valve rapidly and carries out the fixed point injection to thermal runaway battery monomer, realizes putting out a fire rapidly and cooling.
Further, in the liquid cooling mode, when the battery management unit monitors that the temperature of the battery rapidly rises, the high-pressure pump is started to improve the circulation flow and the working medium pressure of the system, and preparation is made for fixed-point fire fighting response while the heat exchange efficiency is actively improved.
Further, in the fire fighting mode, when the pressure and the flow of the liquid return pipe are reduced and the battery management unit monitors high temperature, the electromagnetic valve connected with the liquid return pipe is closed, and the liquid working medium is sprayed and consumed by the thermal runaway unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention couples liquid-cooled thermal management and liquid fire control, can realize the control of the proper temperature and the temperature consistency of the lithium battery during normal operation, and can simultaneously ensure that the rapid cooling and the liquid working medium spraying for fire extinguishing are carried out when the thermal runaway of the single battery occurs so as to reduce or eliminate the thermal runaway development and the thermal runaway spread.
2. Through at the intraductal encapsulated gas of fire control to arrange in lithium cell pressure relief valve position, can realize quick response and normal position injection to battery monomer thermal runaway, thereby realize the fixed point fire control of electric core level granularity, with thermal runaway harm control at module level or even monomer level.
3. By means of the fire-fighting pipe check valve, liquid working media can circulate in a wide pressure range, so that the range of available working media is expanded, the working media with lower boiling points can be subjected to low-pressure circulation during normal working condition operation, high-efficiency temperature control is realized by utilizing phase-change heat exchange of the working media, the circulating power consumption of the system is reduced, and when thermal runaway occurs, the injection pressure is increased by the booster pump, so that the working media are rapidly transported to a fault unit in a low-temperature liquid phase state.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structural schematic diagram of a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system of a lithium battery energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an integrated liquid-cooled fire protection coupled battery subrack module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the liquid-cooled bottom plate and the fire hose;
description of the reference numerals: 1. an integrated liquid-cooled fire-fighting coupling battery plug box module; 1-1, cooling the bottom plate by liquid; 1-1A, a working medium flow passage; 1-1B fire hose check valve; 1-2, a module liquid inlet; 1-3, module housing; 1-4, a battery monomer; 1-5, fire fighting pipe; 1-6, a battery pressure release valve; 1-7, a bus; 1-8, fire-fighting pipe plug; 1-9, module pressure relief valves; 1-10, a module liquid outlet; 1-11, a module total negative connector; 1-12, a battery management unit; 1-13, a module general positive joint; 2. a battery holder; 3. a heat exchanger; 4. a liquid return pipe; 5. an electromagnetic valve; 6. a liquid storage tank; 7. a high pressure pump; 8. a one-way valve; 9. a liquid inlet pipe; 10. a circulation pump; 11. a branch liquid return pipe; 12. a branch liquid inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system of a lithium battery energy storage system according to the present embodiment mainly includes an integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery box module 1, a battery rack 2, a heat exchanger 3, a liquid return pipe 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, a liquid storage tank 6, a high-pressure pump 7, a check valve 8, a liquid inlet pipe 9, a circulating pump 10, a branch liquid return pipe 11, and a branch liquid inlet pipe 12.
The integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug box module 1 is stacked on a battery rack 2 in a plug-in mounting mode, and comprises the components of a liquid-cooling bottom plate 1-1, a module liquid inlet 1-2, a module shell 1-3, a battery monomer 1-4, a fire-fighting pipe 1-5, a battery pressure relief valve 1-6, a bus bar 1-7, a fire-fighting pipe plug 1-8, a module pressure relief valve 1-9, a module liquid outlet 1-10, a module general negative connector 1-11, a battery management unit 1-12 and a module general positive connector 1-13.
The module shell 1-3 is fixed on the liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1 to form a drawer structure, battery monomers 1-4 are arranged and combined on the liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1 in the drawer, all the monomers are electrically connected through bus bars 1-7, a module total negative joint 1-11, a battery management unit 1-12 and a module total positive joint 1-13 which are connected with the battery are all arranged on the front side of the module shell 1-3, and a module pressure release valve 1-9 is arranged on the back side of the module shell 1-3.
A snakelike working medium flow passage 1-1A is laid in the liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1, the module liquid inlet 1-2 and the module liquid outlet 1-10 are L-shaped pipes, the working medium flow passage 1-1A is communicated with a branch liquid inlet pipe 12 outside the module through the module liquid inlet 1-2, the working medium flow passage 1-1A is communicated with a branch liquid return pipe 11 outside the module through the module liquid outlet 1-10, and the inserting box modules in different battery clusters are respectively connected with the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the liquid return pipe 4 through a plurality of groups of branch liquid inlet pipes 12 and branch liquid return pipes 11. The liquid inlet pipe 9 is connected with the liquid storage tank 6 through a high-pressure pump 7 and a circulating pump 10, and the two pipelines are provided with one-way valves 8. The liquid return pipe 4 is sequentially connected with the heat exchanger 3, the electromagnetic valve 5 and the liquid storage tank 6 to form a closed circulation loop. The inner wall of the module shell 1-3 is provided with a heat insulating material, so that the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling plug-in box module 1 is subjected to heat pipe control by the liquid-cooling bottom plate 1-1, and the influence of the external environment temperature is reduced.
The top surface of each battery monomer 1-4 is provided with a battery pressure release valve 1-6, the fire fighting pipe 1-5 is arranged above the battery pressure release valve 1-6 of the battery monomer 1-4 along the direction of the battery pressure release valve 1-6, one end of the fire fighting pipe is connected with a working medium flow passage 1-1A of the liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1 through a fire fighting pipe one-way valve 1-1B, and the other end of the fire fighting pipe is sealed through a fire fighting pipe plug 1-8.
The fire fighting pipe 1-5 is internally sealed with nitrogen or inert gas with a certain pressure, and the pressure of the nitrogen or inert gas is required to ensure that the one-way valve 1-1B of the fire fighting pipe is in a closed state, so that liquid working medium is prevented from flowing into the fire fighting pipe 1-5 from the working medium flow passage 1-1A in normal operation, and meanwhile, the influence of the gas in the fire fighting pipe 1-5 flowing into the liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1 on liquid cooling circulation is avoided.
The fire fighting pipes 1-5 are fusible fire fighting pipes, for example, a polymer hose, a low-melting-point alloy metal pipe and other fusible pipes can be selected, the fusible pipes can be broken under the combined action of high-temperature smoke ejected by the battery and high-pressure gas in the pipes, the gas in the fire fighting pipes 1-5 is rapidly discharged, so that the check valves 1-1B of the fire fighting pipes are opened, and the liquid working medium in the working medium flow passages 1-1A can rapidly enter the fire fighting pipes 1-5 to perform fixed-point ejection on the thermal runaway battery monomer. Wherein, the liquid cooling working medium can adopt water, glycol solution, perfluorohexanone and other common working media.
The specific control method of the liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined control system of the lithium battery energy storage system of the embodiment is explained below.
And (3) cooling and heat management in the normal operation process: the liquid working medium stored in the liquid storage tank 6 is conveyed to a branch liquid inlet pipe 12 through a liquid inlet pipe 9 under the action of a circulating pump 10, distributed to module liquid inlets 1-2 of the battery modules and enters a working medium flow passage 1-1A of a liquid cooling bottom plate 1-1, flows out of the module liquid outlets 1-10 after exchanging heat with the battery monomers 1-4, flows back to a liquid return pipe 4 through a branch liquid return pipe 11, and enters the liquid storage tank 6 for storage after being subjected to temperature regulation of the liquid working medium through a heat exchanger 3; when the temperature of the battery monitored by the battery management units 1-12 rises quickly, the high-pressure pump 7 can be started to increase the system circulation flow and the working medium pressure, and preparation is made for fixed-point fire fighting response while the heat exchange efficiency is actively increased.
Fire fighting response: when the battery monomer 1-4 is out of control thermally, the battery pressure release valve 1-6 is opened and sprays high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature impact of the flue gas and the gas pressure in the fire fighting pipe 1-5 act together, so that the fire fighting pipe 1-5 is broken at the position opposite to the battery pressure release valve 1-6, the gas in the fire fighting pipe 1-5 is rapidly discharged, the pressure is rapidly reduced, the one-way valve 1-1B of the fire fighting pipe is opened, at the moment, the liquid working medium in the working medium flow passage 1-1A rapidly passes through the one-way valve 1-1B of the fire fighting pipe, and the fire fighting pipe 1-5 carries out fixed-point spraying on the out-of-control battery monomer, thereby rapidly extinguishing fire and cooling; when the pressure and the flow of the liquid return pipe 4 are reduced and the battery management units 1 to 12 monitor high temperature, the electromagnetic valve 5 connected with the liquid return pipe 4 is closed, and all liquid working media are sprayed and consumed from the battery plug-in box in thermal runaway.
In summary, the liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control system of the lithium battery energy storage system couples liquid-cooling heat management and liquid fire fighting, can realize the management and control of the appropriate temperature and the temperature consistency of the lithium battery during normal operation, and can simultaneously ensure that the rapid cooling and the liquid working medium injection for fire extinguishing are carried out when the single battery is out of thermal runaway so as to reduce or eliminate the development of the thermal runaway and the spread of the thermal runaway.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention by this. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (2)
1. A control method of a liquid cooling fire-fighting combined control system of a lithium battery energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the system comprises an integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug-in box module (1), a heat exchanger (3), a liquid return pipe (4), an electromagnetic valve (5), a liquid storage box (6), a high-pressure pump (7), a liquid inlet pipe (9) and a circulating pump (10);
the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery subrack module (1) comprises a liquid-cooling bottom plate (1-1), a module liquid inlet (1-2), a module shell (1-3), a battery monomer (1-4), a fire-fighting pipe (1-5) and a module liquid outlet (1-10);
a working medium flow channel (1-1A) is arranged in the liquid cooling bottom plate (1-1), the battery monomers (1-4) are arranged on the liquid cooling bottom plate (1-1) side by side, a battery pressure release valve (1-6) is arranged on the top surface of each battery monomer (1-4), the fire fighting pipe (1-5) is arranged above the battery pressure release valve (1-6) of each battery monomer (1-4), one end of the fire fighting pipe is connected with the working medium flow channel (1-1A) of the liquid cooling bottom plate (1-1) through a fire fighting pipe one-way valve (1-1B), and the other end of the fire fighting pipe is closed;
nitrogen or inert gas with certain pressure is sealed in the fire fighting pipes (1-5), so that the one-way valves (1-1B) of the fire fighting pipes are in a closed state, liquid working media are prevented from flowing into the fire fighting pipes (1-5) from the working medium flow passages (1-1A) in normal operation, and meanwhile, the influence of the liquid cooling circulation caused by the fact that the gas in the fire fighting pipes (1-5) flows into the working medium flow passages (1-1A) is avoided;
the outlet of a working medium flow passage (1-1A) of the liquid cooling bottom plate (1-1) is connected with the inlet of a liquid storage tank (6) through a module liquid outlet (1-10), a liquid return pipe (4), a heat exchanger (3) and an electromagnetic valve (5), the outlet of the liquid storage tank (6) is respectively connected with a liquid inlet pipe (9) through a high-pressure pump (7) and a circulating pump (10), and the liquid inlet pipe (9) is connected with the inlet of the working medium flow passage (1-1A) through a module liquid inlet (1-2) to form a circulating loop;
the fire fighting pipe (1-5) adopts a meltable fire fighting pipe, when the battery monomer (1-4) is out of control, the fire fighting pipe (1-5) is broken under the combined action of high-temperature smoke sprayed by the battery and high-pressure gas in the pipe, the gas in the fire fighting pipe (1-5) is rapidly discharged, a check valve (1-1B) of the fire fighting pipe is opened, and liquid working medium in the working medium flow passage (1-1A) rapidly enters the fire fighting pipe (1-5) to carry out fixed-point spraying on the battery monomer out of control;
the method comprises the following steps:
liquid cooling mode: the liquid working medium stored in the liquid storage tank (6) is distributed to a module liquid inlet (1-2) of the integrated liquid-cooling fire-fighting coupling battery plug-in box module (1) through a liquid inlet pipe (9) under the action of a circulating pump (10) and enters a working medium flow channel (1-1A) of a liquid cooling bottom plate (1-1), flows out of the module liquid outlet (1-10) after exchanging heat with a battery monomer (1-4), enters the heat exchanger (3) through a liquid return pipe (4), and enters the liquid storage tank (6) for storage after being subjected to liquid working medium temperature regulation through the heat exchanger (3);
and (4) a fire fighting mode: when the battery monomer (1-4) is out of control thermally, the battery pressure release valve (1-6) is opened and sprays high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature impact of the flue gas and the internal gas pressure of the fire fighting pipe (1-5) act together, so that the fire fighting pipe (1-5) is just opposite to the position of the battery pressure release valve (1-6) to break, the gas in the fire fighting pipe (1-5) is rapidly discharged, the pressure is rapidly reduced, the one-way valve (1-1B) of the fire fighting pipe is opened, the liquid working medium in the working medium flow passage (1-1A) rapidly enters the fire fighting pipe (1-5) through the one-way valve (1-1B) of the fire fighting pipe to carry out fixed-point spraying on the battery monomer out of control thermally, and rapid fire extinguishing and temperature reduction are realized;
in the fire fighting mode, when the pressure and the flow of the liquid return pipe (4) are reduced and the battery management units (1-12) monitor high temperature, the electromagnetic valve (5) connected with the liquid return pipe (4) is closed, and liquid working media are sprayed and consumed by the thermal runaway unit.
2. The liquid-cooling fire-fighting combined management and control method of the lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the liquid cooling mode, when the battery management units (1-12) monitor that the temperature of the battery rapidly rises, the high-pressure pump (7) is started to improve the circulation flow and working medium pressure of the system, so that preparation is made for fixed-point fire fighting response while the heat exchange efficiency is actively improved.
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