WO2022197165A1 - 관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법 - Google Patents
관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022197165A1 WO2022197165A1 PCT/KR2022/003894 KR2022003894W WO2022197165A1 WO 2022197165 A1 WO2022197165 A1 WO 2022197165A1 KR 2022003894 W KR2022003894 W KR 2022003894W WO 2022197165 A1 WO2022197165 A1 WO 2022197165A1
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- 201000000057 Coronary Stenosis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- 238000002583 angiography Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for providing information necessary for evaluating the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
- the coronary arteries are located on the outside of the heart and divide into the left and right coronary arteries, which supply oxygen to the heart. If blood flow is disturbed due to stenosis or the like within the coronary arteries, it can lead to diseases such as angina.
- Angiography is a technique in which a catheter is inserted into the body to reach the blood vessels of a target site, and then a contrast agent is administered.
- a blood vessel region to which a contrast agent is administered is radiographically photographed, the blood vessel region in which the contrast agent is located appears dark, so that the anatomical shape of the blood vessel can be confirmed.
- Stenosis of 70% or more is recognized as requiring intervention, but for stenosis of 50% to 70% of severity, it is decided whether or not to undergo intervention after evaluation.
- a method for evaluating the physiological severity of coronary artery stenosis is fractional flow reserve (FFR) or instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR).
- FFR is a technique for measuring the pressure in the area suspected of stenosis. First, a congestive drug is administered, and then a conduit with a pressure sensor is inserted into the coronary artery into the region of interest to measure the pressure in the proximal and distal regions. do.
- a pressure ratio is derived by dividing the measured distal pressure by the proximal pressure. If the pressure ratio is 0.8 or less, it is judged as physiologically severe stenosis.
- FFR can cause additional cost, damage to blood vessels by catheterization, chest pain from congestive drugs, and discomfort due to lowered heart rate.
- iFR is similar to FFR in that it sets the proximal and distal parts of the region of interest and measures the pressure, but sets the cycle to measure the pressure over a certain time, and calculates the pressure ratio using the pressure data when the coronary artery is relaxed.
- iFR does not require congestive drugs, but can still damage blood vessels by catheters.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide information necessary for safely and conveniently evaluating the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
- the method for providing information necessary for evaluating the severity of coronary artery stenosis includes the steps of administering a contrast agent to a coronary artery, taking an angiography image, and a photographed image for observing whether the coronary artery is stenotic.
- the position of the coronary artery to which the contrast agent is injected sets a threshold value to dualize the grayscale angiography image to make the border of the coronary artery clear, set the cycle of the coronary artery, and within the cycle of the coronary artery It can be identified by tracking the boundary of the coronary artery to which the position is moved, and correcting the captured image as a still image.
- the period of the moving coronary artery includes taking an angiography image and measuring an electrocardiogram at the same time, and substituting the peak point in the electrocardiogram image to determine one period of the coronary artery movement.
- the blood flow velocity ratio is derived by dividing the blood flow in the suspected stenosis region by the blood flow in the proximal portion.
- the blood flow in the region suspected of stenosis is derived by measuring the brightness of the region suspected of stenosis over time, calculating an integral value of the brightness, and dividing the initial contrast agent dose by the integral value.
- the blood flow in the proximal part is derived by measuring the brightness of the proximal part over time, calculating an integral value of the brightness, and dividing the initial contrast agent dose by the integral value.
- the method for providing information necessary for detecting the stenosis of the coronary artery includes the steps of dilating blood vessels in the region of interest by administering a congestive drug, administering a contrast agent to the coronary arteries, angiography images photographing, setting the region of interest and a proximal portion that is a region through which blood passes before the region of interest based on the captured angiography image within the region of the captured image, and the coronary artery into which a contrast agent is injected through image processing
- a contrast agent according to the ratio of the time and the time at which the brightness change appeared in the proximal part of the coronary artery to which the contrast agent was administered without the hyperemia drug based on the time at which the brightness changed in the proximal part in the captured image deriving a flow rate ratio.
- the apparatus for providing information necessary for detecting the stenosis of the coronary artery includes a contrast medium input unit for administering a contrast medium to the coronary artery, a photographing unit for capturing a contrast image, and an area of the photographed image.
- An image setting unit that sets the suspected stenosis site based on the angiography image and the QCA result taken in the An image processing unit for fixing the position of the coronary artery into which the contrast agent is injected, and the relative ratio of blood flow in the proximal part and the blood flow in the suspected stenosis part based on the time when the brightness taken at the proximal part and the suspected stenosis part in the captured image changes and a stenosis detector for deriving a phosphorus blood flow velocity ratio.
- 1 is a radiographic picture of a coronary artery administered with a contrast agent. (QCA: quantitative coronary angiography)
- Figure 2 (a) is a captured image of the angiography image, (b) is a photograph after the binarization process of (a).
- Figure 3 (a) is an electrocardiogram graph, (b) is a graph showing the position change of the proximal part with time, (c) is a graph showing the position change of the suspected stenosis site with time.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a corrected angiography image.
- (a) is a graph showing the change in brightness over time in the proximal part
- (b) is an enlarged graph of (a)
- (c) is a graph showing the integral region of (b).
- (a) is a graph showing the change in brightness over time in a region suspected of stenosis
- (b) is an enlarged graph of (a)
- (c) is a graph showing the integral region of (b).
- FIGS. 1 to 7 a method for providing information necessary for detecting coronary artery stenosis according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 .
- FIG. 1 is a radiographic picture of a coronary artery to which a contrast agent is administered
- FIG. 2 (a) is a captured picture of an angiography image
- (b) is a picture after binarization of (a)
- FIG. 3 (a) is an electrocardiogram graph
- (b) is a graph showing the change in the position of the proximal part with time
- (c) is a graph showing the change in the position of the suspected stenosis site with time
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an angiography image according to time
- FIG. 5 is A flowchart of the corrected angiography image
- FIG. 6 (a) is a graph showing the change in brightness over time in the proximal part
- (b) is an enlarged graph of (a)
- (c) is the integral of (b) It is a graph showing the region
- FIG. 7 (a) is a graph showing the change in brightness over time in the suspected stenosis region
- (b) is an enlarged graph of (a)
- (c) is a graph of (b) It is a graph showing the integral area.
- Contrax agents Blood vessels can only be photographed by administering a contrast agent, a material through which radiation cannot pass, because the boundaries of blood vessels are vague and difficult to trace when photographed with an image. Therefore, a contrast agent is administered to the coronary artery and radiographic images are taken.
- Substances that can be used as contrast agents include iodine, barium, and gadolinium. Iodine and gadolinium are used as contrast agents in images taken by radiographic imaging, and gadolinium can be used as contrast agents in images taken by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- a catheter thinner than the blood vessel is inserted into the body.
- a conduit capable of administering the contrast agent is positioned through the artery to the heart to administer the contrast agent.
- the catheter is usually inserted into the femoral artery, but can also be inserted from other parts of the body.
- a contrast image is taken.
- the imaging technique may be performed by radiation, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- CT computed tomography
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- FIG. 1 the region of the blood vessel through which the contrast agent passes appears dark, and the region that does not appear bright.
- the captured image may be stored and then used to provide information necessary for the evaluation of the severity of the stenosis.
- shape of the coronary artery can be roughly grasped through the captured image, and a portion where stenosis may occur can be estimated.
- the region of interest 110 refers to a region to be observed in the coronary artery.
- a portion through which blood passes before the position where the stenosis is estimated is set as the proximal portion 111 , and the position where the stenosis is estimated is set as the region suspected of stenosis 112 .
- quantitative coronary angiography QCA
- QCA quantitative coronary angiography
- QCA is a technique used to evaluate coronary artery stenosis in coronary angiography, which is commonly used in the medical field in stenting or vascular treatment. That is, the region of interest, the estimated stenosis region, the proximal region, etc. can be distinguished based on the QCA execution result.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a grayscale angiography image, and (b) is a black or white binarized image to clarify the boundaries of blood vessels.
- a specific brightness is set as a threshold, and if it is brighter than the threshold, the color is changed to white, and if it is dark, the color is changed to black.
- the region of the blood vessel through which the contrast agent passes is expressed in black and the boundary of the vessel is expressed in white, so it may be easy to track the region of interest.
- the threshold value in the binarization process may be set by an adaptive thresholding method of the calibration software.
- the method of setting the threshold value is not limited to automatic threshold value setting.
- Otsu's method is used, and the Otsu method is a technique in which a threshold value for minimizing variance is set for each area of an image.
- ECG data of an electrocardiogram represents a heartbeat cycle
- one cycle of coronary artery movement can be confirmed by substituting a time at which the peak of ECG data appears to an image taken of a coronary artery.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the change of the electrocardiogram with time
- (b) is a graph showing the position change of the proximal part with time
- (c) is a graph showing the position change of the suspected stenosis site with time It is one graph.
- the sampling rate is 400 frames per second
- the sampling rate is 30 frames per second. Accordingly, in FIG. 3 (a), one frame is 0.0025 seconds, and in (b) and (c), one frame is 0.033 seconds.
- R represents the number of frames in which the ECG peak appears.
- the interval between the ECG peak and the peak is one cycle of the heartbeat, and one cycle of the coronary artery is also the same. Therefore, the number of frames of the R value in FIG. 3 (a) is converted into time and then converted to 30 frames per second, so that the start and end of one coronary artery cycle can be found in (b) and (c).
- the ECG signal has irregular data within one cycle of the coronary artery, the ECG data is corrected using the linear interpolation method and the location of the coronary artery can be easily identified.
- the region of the coronary artery to be observed in the angiography image is a blue rectangle, and the position of this part is continuously moved. Therefore, the observer must continuously move his gaze to track the coronary artery, which makes it difficult to determine the shape of the coronary artery.
- an angiography image in which the coronary artery is continuously moved may be corrected as a still image.
- a still image of the coronary artery may be produced.
- the blue rectangle is the area of the coronary artery to be observed, and after image processing, this area is fixed at one point. The observer can grasp the shape of the coronary artery by looking at one place without continuously moving the viewpoint. It is also easy to observe changes in brightness occurring in the coronary arteries.
- the contrast medium passes because the low point of the graph is the darkest part, and the high point after the low point indicates that blood flows in after the contrast agent exits. Therefore, based on the time when the brightness changes, the time for the contrast agent to pass through the coronary artery can also be checked.
- the change in brightness means a change in the concentration of the contrast agent, and the blood flow can be calculated by calculating the Stewart-Hamilton Equation based on the change in concentration.
- the blood flow velocity ratio between the proximal part and the suspected stenosis site can be calculated through Equations 1 and 2 below. Since it can be determined that the possibility of stenosis increases as the blood flow velocity ratio increases, it is possible to provide information necessary for detecting stenosis of the coronary artery.
- the above equation is the Stewart-Hamilton equation, and is used to calculate the blood flow passing through the proximal portion of the region of interest in the coronary artery and the suspected stenosis site.
- the time range of the change in the concentration of the contrast agent over time is a portion highlighted in orange in the graphs of FIGS. 6 (a) and 7 (a), and by integrating this portion, an integral value of the change in the concentration of the contrast agent over time may be derived.
- Fig. 6 (b) is an enlarged view and extrapolated graph of the highlighted portion of Fig. 6 (a)
- Fig. 7 (b) is an enlarged view and extrapolated graph of the highlighted portion of Fig. 7 (a).
- the extrapolated graph facilitates integration, and by calculating the area of the blue region shown in FIGS. 6 ( c ) and 7 ( c ), an integral value of the change in the contrast medium concentration over time can be derived.
- the blood flow volume in the proximal portion of the region of interest and the suspected stenosis region can be calculated.
- the above equation is an equation used to determine the blood flow velocity ratio between the proximal portion and the distal portion of the stenosis in the coronary artery. Based on the blood flow in the proximal part and the suspected stenosis region obtained through Equation 1, the blood flow velocity ratio may be calculated by dividing the blood flow in the suspected stenosis region by the proximal blood flow. The blood flow velocity ratio calculated based on the data of FIGS. 6 and 7 is 1.2385.
- the coronary flow reserve may also be estimated.
- the flow rate of the contrast agent at the suspected stenosis site when the decongestant is administered and the flow rate at the suspected stenosis site when not administered, it can provide information necessary for detecting coronary artery stenosis.
- the decongestant acts on the blood vessel wall to move the blood vessel muscle and dilate the blood vessel.
- Adenosine may be used as the decongestant, but the decongestant is not limited to adenosine.
- the above equation is an equation used to determine the coronary blood flow reserve.
- the blood flow of the congested blood vessel and the blood flow of the pre-congested blood vessel can be derived through Equation 1, and when the blood flow of the congested blood vessel is divided by the blood flow of the pre-congested blood vessel, the coronary blood flow reserve can be determined.
- the method for providing the information necessary for detecting the stenosis of the coronary artery includes a contrast medium injection unit for administering a contrast medium to the coronary artery, a photographing unit for capturing a contrast image, and an image taken within the area of the photographed image.
- the image setting unit sets the suspected stenosis site where the stenosis is estimated and the proximal portion that is the area through which blood passes before the location of the suspected stenosis site, and the contrast agent is injected through image processing of the captured image
- An image processing unit for fixing the position of the coronary artery that becomes It may be implemented by an apparatus (system) for providing information on severity evaluation of coronary artery stenosis including a stenosis detection unit for deriving a ratio.
- terms such as “device”, “system”, “unit”, and “module” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is one or more hardware (processor) or software (program) Alternatively, it is composed of a combination of hardware and software, which means that the method of providing information necessary for evaluating the severity of coronary artery stenosis targeted by the present invention can be implemented.
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Description
Claims (7)
- 관상동맥에 조영제를 투여하는 단계,조영술 영상을 촬영하는 단계,상기 관상동맥의 협착여부를 관찰하기 위한 촬영 영상의 영역 내에서 상기 촬영된 조영술 영상에 기반하여 협착이 추정되는 협착 의심 부위 및 상기 협착 의심 부위의 위치 이전에 혈액이 지나는 영역인 근위부를 설정하는 단계,영상처리를 통해 조영제가 투입되는 상기 관상동맥의 위치를 고정시키는 단계,상기 촬영 영상에서 상기 근위부와 협착 의심 부위에서의 촬영된 밝기가 변하는 시간을 바탕으로 상기 근위부의 혈류량 및 상기 협착 의심 부위의 혈류량의 상대적인 비율인 혈류속도비를 도출하는 단계를 포함하는 관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 제1항에서,상기 조영제가 투입되는 상기 관상동맥의 위치는임계값을 설정하여 그레이스케일의 상기 조영술 영상을 이원화시켜 상기 관상동맥의 경계를 뚜렷하게 하고,상기 관상동맥의 주기를 설정하며,상기 관상동맥의 주기 내에서 위치가 이동되는 상기 관상동맥의 경계를 추적하고,상기 촬영 영상을 정지영상으로 보정하여 파악될 수 있는관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 제2항에서,상기 관상동맥의 주기는조영술 촬영과 심전도를 동시에 측정해, 상기 심전도에 나타난 피크의 시점을 상기 조영술 촬영 영상에 대입시켜 상기 관상동맥의 한 주기를 파악하는 것을 포함하는 관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 제1항에서,상기 혈류속도비는상기 협착 의심 부위의 혈류량을 상기 근위부의 혈류량으로 나누어 도출되는관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 제4항에서,상기 협착 의심 부위의 혈류량은시간에 따른 상기 협착 의심 부위의 명도를 측정하고,상기 명도의 적분값을 계산하고, 초기 조영제 투여량을 상기 적분값으로 나누어 도출되는관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 제4항에서,상기 근위부의 혈류량은시간에 따른 상기 근위부의 명도를 측정하고,상기 명도의 적분값을 계산하고,초기 조영제 투여량을 상기 적분값으로 나누어 도출되는관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
- 충혈 약물을 투여해 관심 영역의 혈관을 확장시키는 단계,관상동맥에 조영제를 투여하는 단계,조영술 영상을 촬영하는 단계,상기 촬영 영상의 영역 내에서 상기 촬영된 조영술 영상에 기반하여 상기 관심 영역 및 상기 관심 영역 이전에 혈액이 지나는 영역인 근위부를 설정하는 단계,영상처리를 통해 조영제가 투입된 상기 관상동맥의 위치를 고정시키는 단계,상기 촬영 영상에서 상기 근위부에서의 촬영된 밝기가 변하는 시간을 바탕으로 상기 시간과 상기 충혈 약물 없이 조영제가 투여된 관상동맥 상기 근위부에서 밝기 변화가 나타난 시간의 비율에 따른 조영제 유량비를 도출하는 단계를 포함하는 관상동맥 협착의 중증도 평가에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법.
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