WO2022193905A1 - 一种用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构、棱柱式高温气冷堆结构 - Google Patents
一种用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构、棱柱式高温气冷堆结构 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022193905A1 WO2022193905A1 PCT/CN2022/076982 CN2022076982W WO2022193905A1 WO 2022193905 A1 WO2022193905 A1 WO 2022193905A1 CN 2022076982 W CN2022076982 W CN 2022076982W WO 2022193905 A1 WO2022193905 A1 WO 2022193905A1
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature gas
- cooled reactor
- mixing chamber
- side wall
- high temperature
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
- G21C5/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of reactors, and in particular relates to a hybrid chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor and a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor structure.
- High-temperature gas-cooled reactors refer to nuclear reactors that use helium as a coolant and have a high outlet temperature.
- High-temperature gas-cooled reactors use highly inclusive fuels with graphite as moderator.
- the core outlet temperature is 850-1000°C, or even higher.
- Nuclear fuel generally uses high-enriched uranium dioxide, but also uses low-enriched uranium dioxide.
- high temperature gas-cooled reactors are divided into pebble bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
- the high temperature gas-cooled reactor has the advantages of high thermal efficiency (40%-41%), deep burnup (up to 20MWd/t uranium), and high conversion ratio (0.7-0.8). Due to the good chemical stability of helium gas, good heat transfer performance, and low induced radioactivity, the residual heat can be safely taken out after the shutdown, and the safety performance is good.
- the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor is a fourth-generation reactor technology and an experimentally proven reactor design with high inherent safety.
- the reactor core is a core structure formed by layering and splicing together a plurality of prismatic components.
- the prismatic components are divided into three categories, the first is the fuel assembly, the second is the control assembly, and the third is the reflective layer.
- the fuel assembly and a portion of the control assembly are located in the central portion of the core, and the reflector assembly and the remaining control assemblies surround the central portion.
- a fuel hole and a coolant channel are arranged on each fuel assembly, wherein the fuel hole is used for placing fuel; the coolant channel is used for circulating coolant gas, and the fuel is cooled and then merged into the core outlet channel.
- Practice has shown that the local temperature of the helium gas in the outlet channel of the core is too high, which has a great impact on the subsequent equipment, and the quality is not high, which is not conducive to thermal energy conversion.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mixing chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, which can ensure the collection, mixing and transportation of the coolant, and improve the uniformity of the coolant flowing out of the core fuel area. At the same time, it can play a certain neutron shielding function and improve the safety of reactor operation.
- the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a mixing chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor
- annular side wall It includes an annular side wall and a bottom plate, the annular side wall is supported on the bottom plate and is sealed with the bottom plate, and the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled stack is supported on the annular side wall and is sealed with the annular side wall,
- the annular side wall and the bottom plate are enclosed to form a mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is in communication with each coolant channel of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, and is used for mixing the coolant flowing out from each coolant channel,
- An outlet flow channel is also provided on the annular side wall for connecting the mixing chamber and the core outlet channel.
- annular side wall is made of graphite
- bottom plate is made of metal material
- both the annular sidewall and the bottom plate are made of neutron absorbing material.
- a plurality of support columns are arranged on the upper surface of the base plate, the support columns are perpendicular to the upper surface of the base plate, and the plurality of support columns are distributed in an array.
- the support column is made of neutron absorbing material.
- the neutron absorption material includes graphite or boron-containing carbon material.
- annular side wall is formed by splicing a plurality of bricks in sequence along the circumferential direction of the annular side wall.
- annular side wall corresponds to the reflective layer of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled stack.
- the outlet flow channel is constituted by an outlet pipe disposed through the side wall.
- outlet nozzle is cylindrical.
- the diameter of the outlet nozzle is smaller than the height of the side wall.
- the outlet pipe is made of metal material, and the inner wall of the outlet pipe is provided with a thermal insulation layer.
- the metal material includes 316H stainless steel or 800H stainless steel.
- the present invention also provides a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled stack structure, comprising a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled stack and the above-mentioned mixing chamber structure, wherein the prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled stack is supported on the annular sidewall of the mixing chamber structure and is connected with The annular side walls are hermetically connected.
- the coolant temperature in the coolant channels near the center of the core is higher, and the coolant temperature in the coolant channels near the edge of the core is lower, and the two can be different. hundreds of degrees Celsius. If it is not mixed, considering the temperature limit of the material, the gas with uneven temperature will have a great impact on the subsequent equipment after directly flowing out of the core, and the quality of the working fluid is not high, which is not conducive to the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.
- the invention can collect, mix and transport the coolant, improve the uniformity of the coolant flowing out of the core fuel area, and improve the safety of the reactor operation.
- the annular sidewall composed of neutron absorbing materials is used as both the support structure of the core and the radiation shielding of the reactor.
- the neutron absorbing materials are preferably high-temperature resistant materials such as graphite and boron-containing carbon, which can withstand the impact of high-temperature airflow at the reactor core outlet. It also plays the role of maintaining the airtightness of the mixing chamber, preventing neutron leakage and isolating core heat transfer to protect the gondola and pressure vessel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mixing chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor according to the specific embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mixing chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor according to the specific embodiment of the present invention
- the present invention provides a hybrid chamber structure for a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, which comprises an annular side wall composed of graphite and a bottom plate 3 made of metal, and the annular side wall is supported on the bottom plate 3 and hermetically connected to the bottom plate 3, the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled stack is supported on the annular side wall and is hermetically connected to the annular side wall,
- the annular side wall and the bottom plate 3 are enclosed to form a mixing chamber 5, and the mixing chamber 5 is in communication with each coolant channel of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, and is used for mixing the coolant flowing out from each coolant channel,
- An outlet flow channel 6 is also provided on the annular side wall for connecting the mixing chamber 5 and the core outlet channel.
- the coolant flowing from the bottom of each coolant channel of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor can be mixed in the mixing chamber 5 and then flow out through the outlet flow channel 6, thus forming a chamber where the coolant is collected, stirred and circulated, and finally mixed. A uniform coolant is led out of the core.
- a plurality of support columns 2 are arranged on the upper surface of the base plate 3 , the support columns 2 are perpendicular to the upper surface of the base plate 3 , and the plurality of support columns 2 are distributed in an array.
- the support column 2 is made of metal.
- the side wall is annular, and the side wall is composed of several graphite bricks 1.
- the structures of the graphite bricks 1 are different, but the heights are the same.
- the outlet flow channel 6 is formed by the outlet nozzle 4 which is provided through the side wall.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is cylindrical.
- the diameter of the outlet nozzle 4 is smaller than the height of the side walls.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is made of metal.
- the number, shape and size of the graphite bricks 1 are determined according to the requirements of the structural design of the graphite reactor internal components of the reactor.
- the graphite bricks 1 constituting the side wall of the mixing chamber 5 correspond to the reflective layer on the core side, which supports the mixing chamber 5, maintains the airtightness of the mixing chamber 5, prevents the leakage of neutrons and isolates the heat transfer of the core for protection
- the role of the gondola and pressure vessel graphite brick 1 provides support for the reflector and fuel area on the core side
- the design drawings of graphite brick 1 will focus on making a reasonable design according to the size and structural requirements of the core.
- the number, shape and size of the support columns 2 are determined according to the requirements of the structural design of the reactor graphite reactor internals.
- the support column 2 can be cylindrical, prismatic and other shapes.
- the support column 2 is supported between the graphite area of the reflective layer under the core and the bottom plate 3 to support the mixing chamber 5, mix the coolant, and prevent high temperature cooling from the core.
- the effect of the agent directly impacting the bottom plate 3 increases the bearing capacity of the core fuel area at the same time.
- the design drawings of the support column 2 will focus on making a reasonable design according to the size and structural requirements of the core.
- the size of the bottom plate 3 is determined according to the requirements of the structural design of the internal components of the graphite reactor of the reactor.
- the bottom plate 3 corresponds to the shape of the core, and is generally circular, which supports the entire core, maintains the airtightness of the mixing chamber 5, and protects the gondola and the pressure vessel from being damaged by the heat of the core.
- the design drawings of the bottom plate 3 will focus on making a reasonable design according to the size and structural requirements of the core.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is on the side of the mixing chamber 5 , and the diameter of the outlet nozzle 4 is slightly smaller than the height of the graphite brick 1 of the mixing chamber 5 .
- the outlet nozzle 4 guides the coolant homogeneously mixed in the mixing chamber 5 out of the core.
- the metal materials used for the support column 2, the bottom plate 3 and the outlet nozzle 4 can be suitable for the high temperature environment of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, including 316H stainless steel or 800H stainless steel.
- the present embodiment provides a mixing chamber structure for a prismatic high temperature gas-cooled stack, which includes an annular side wall and a bottom plate 3 .
- the annular side wall is supported on the bottom plate 3 and is connected to the bottom plate 3 .
- the core components of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor are supported by sealing and connected to the annular side wall and are sealed and connected to the annular side wall,
- the annular side wall and the bottom plate 3 are enclosed to form a mixing chamber 5, and the mixing chamber 5 is in communication with each coolant passage of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, and is used for mixing the coolant flowing out from each coolant passage,
- An outlet flow channel 6 is also provided on the annular side wall for connecting the mixing chamber 5 and the core outlet channel.
- the coolant flowing from the bottom of each coolant channel of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor can be mixed in the mixing chamber 5 and then flow out through the outlet channel 6, thus forming a chamber where the coolant is collected, stirred and circulated, and finally mixed A uniform coolant is led out of the core.
- a plurality of support columns 2 are arranged on the upper surface of the base plate 3 , the support columns 2 are perpendicular to the upper surface of the base plate 3 , and the plurality of support columns 2 are distributed in an array.
- the annular side wall, the bottom plate 3 and the support column 2 are all composed of neutron absorbing material.
- the neutron absorption material is preferably graphite, boron-containing carbon and other high temperature resistant materials, which can withstand the impact of high temperature airflow at the core outlet, and also maintain the air tightness of the mixing chamber, prevent neutron leakage and isolate the core heat transfer to protect the gondola and the core.
- the role of pressure vessels. Neutron absorbing materials are designed and selected according to the shielding requirements of different reactor types.
- the side wall is composed of several bricks 1, the structure of the bricks 1 is different, but the height is the same.
- the outlet flow channel 6 is formed by the outlet nozzle 4 which is provided through the side wall.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is cylindrical.
- the diameter of the outlet nozzle 4 is smaller than the height of the side walls.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is made of metal, and its inner wall is provided with a heat-resistant material heat-insulating layer.
- the number, shape and size of the bricks 1 are determined according to the needs of the structural design of the internal components of the reactor.
- the bricks 1 constituting the side wall of the mixing chamber 5 correspond to the reflective layer on the core side, and are not only used for constructing the mixing chamber 5, maintaining the airtightness of the mixing chamber 5, preventing neutron leakage, and isolating the heat transfer of the core to prevent heat transfer.
- the role of protecting the gondola and the pressure vessel (the brick 1 provides support for the reflector and fuel area on the core side), and can also provide support for part of the core structure; the design drawings of the brick 1 will focus on the size and structure of the core. Form requires a reasonable design.
- the number, shape and size of the support columns 2 are determined according to the requirements of the structural design of the internal components of the reactor.
- the support column 2 can be cylindrical, prismatic or polygonal, etc.
- the support column 2 is supported between the reflective layer assembly area under the core and the bottom plate 3 to collect and mix the coolant and prevent the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the core from directly
- the impact of the bottom plate 3 increases the bearing capacity of the core area at the same time.
- the design drawings of the support column 2 will focus on making a reasonable design according to the size and structural requirements of the core.
- the size of the bottom plate 3 is determined according to the needs of the structural design of the internal components of the reactor.
- the bottom plate 3 corresponds to the shape of the reactor pressure vessel, which is generally circular, and plays the role of supporting the entire core, maintaining the airtightness of the mixing chamber 5, and protecting the gondola and the pressure vessel from being damaged by the heat of the core.
- the design drawings of the bottom plate 3 will focus on making a reasonable design according to the size and structural requirements of the core.
- the outlet nozzle 4 is on the side of the mixing chamber 5 , and the diameter of the outlet nozzle 4 is slightly smaller than the height of the bricks 1 of the mixing chamber 5 .
- the outlet nozzle 4 guides the coolant homogeneously mixed in the mixing chamber 5 out of the core.
- the metal material used for the outlet nozzle 4 can be suitable for the high temperature environment of the prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor, preferably high temperature resistant stainless steel, including 316H stainless steel or 800H stainless steel.
- This embodiment provides a prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor structure, including the prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and the hybrid chamber structure of Embodiment 1.
- the core part of the prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is supported on the annular shape of the hybrid chamber structure. on the side wall and in sealing connection with the annular side wall.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 一种用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征在于,包括环形侧壁和底板(3),所述环形侧壁支撑于底板(3)上且与底板(3)密封相连、棱柱式高温气冷堆支撑于环形侧壁上且与环形侧壁密封相连,所述环形侧壁与底板(3)围合形成混合腔室(5),所述混合腔室(5)与棱柱式高温气冷堆的各冷却剂通道均连通,用于对从各冷却剂通道流出的冷却剂进行混合,在所述环形侧壁上还设有出口流道(6),用于连通混合腔室(5)与堆芯出口通道。
- 如权利要求1所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述环形侧壁由石墨构成,所述底板(3)由金属材质构成。
- 如权利要求1所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述环形侧壁和底板(3)均由中子吸收材料构成。
- 如权利要求1所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:在所述底板(3)的上表面设置有若干根支撑柱(2),所述支撑柱(2)垂直于所述底板(3)的上表面,若干根支撑柱(2)呈阵列分布。
- 如权利要求4所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述支撑柱(2)由中子吸收材料构成。
- 如权利要求3或5所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述中子吸收材料包括石墨或含硼碳材料。
- 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述环形侧壁由若干块砖块(1)沿环形侧壁的周向依次拼接而成。
- 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述环形侧壁与棱柱式高温气冷堆的反射层对应。
- 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述出口流道(6)由贯穿设置在所述侧壁上的出口接管(4)构成。
- 如权利要求9所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述出口接管(4)为圆筒形。
- 如权利要求10所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述出口接管(4)的直径小于所述侧壁的高度。
- 如权利要求9所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述出口接管(4)为金属材质,所述出口接管(4)的内壁设有隔热层。
- 如权利要求12所述的用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构,其特征是:所述金属材质包括316H不锈钢或800H不锈钢。
- 一种棱柱式高温气冷堆结构,其特征是:包括棱柱式高温气冷堆和如权利要求1-13任一项所述的混合腔室结构,所述棱柱式高温气冷堆支撑于混合腔室结构的环形侧壁上且与环形侧壁密封相连。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA3207375A CA3207375A1 (en) | 2021-03-15 | 2022-02-21 | Mixing chamber structure for prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, and prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor structure |
ZA2023/07645A ZA202307645B (en) | 2021-03-15 | 2023-08-02 | Mixing chamber structure for prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, and prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor structure |
SA523450447A SA523450447B1 (ar) | 2021-03-15 | 2023-08-30 | هيكل غرفة خلط لمفاعل حرارة عالية منشوري مُبرد بالغاز، وهيكل مفاعل حرارة عالية منشوري مُبرد بالغاز |
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CN202110274580.3A CN113178267B (zh) | 2021-03-15 | 2021-03-15 | 一种用于棱柱式高温气冷堆的混合腔室结构 |
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CN117079842B (zh) * | 2023-07-27 | 2024-06-04 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | 一种高温气冷堆侧隙阻流装置 |
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FR2134265A1 (en) * | 1971-04-29 | 1972-12-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Nuclear fuel element - prismatic in shape for high temp reactor |
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