WO2022193803A1 - 废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法及装置 - Google Patents
废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022193803A1 WO2022193803A1 PCT/CN2022/070868 CN2022070868W WO2022193803A1 WO 2022193803 A1 WO2022193803 A1 WO 2022193803A1 CN 2022070868 W CN2022070868 W CN 2022070868W WO 2022193803 A1 WO2022193803 A1 WO 2022193803A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- conveyor belt
- waste lithium
- lithium batteries
- discharge
- Prior art date
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 abstract description 98
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001240 inorganic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling, and particularly relates to a method and device for continuous safe discharge of waste lithium batteries.
- lithium batteries face a large number of decommissioned recycling problems.
- decommissioned waste lithium batteries still have a certain amount of residual power. If they are not properly discharged, they are prone to explosion and combustion accidents during battery stacking and disposal.
- brine solution to safely discharge waste lithium batteries has become one of the widely used methods in the prior art.
- salt water discharge also has serious environmental pollution problems, such as generating a large amount of gas, which will cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment; after the salt water is discharged for many times, the salt solution will affect the steel shell, aluminum shell, positive aluminum foil, negative electrode in the waste lithium battery. Copper foil, electrode active material, electrode ears, etc. will cause serious electrochemical corrosion, and will also introduce a large amount of impurities. These impurities are hazardous wastes and cause secondary pollution.
- the brine solution after multiple discharges often contains brown.
- a large amount of flocculent precipitates will be introduced into the positive and negative electrode mixtures, namely black powder, after the waste lithium batteries are crushed and sorted, which will have a great impact on the subsequent removal of impurities, separation and purification of valuable metals, and the process is complex and used more. other chemicals, the wastewater treatment volume increases, and the cost of impurity removal is greatly increased.
- the Chinese patent document discloses a lithium battery cleaning and discharging device and method, which adopts a two-discharge method, requires multiple intermediate conversion mechanisms, has a complex structure, and occupies a large area, and the second discharge needs to be applied with an external conductive agent.
- there is a large amount of conductive agent used which cannot be recycled.
- waste lithium batteries the introduction of new impurity chemical components will increase the difficulty of separation and sorting of the valuable chemical components of the subsequent waste lithium batteries.
- the charging and discharging of waste lithium batteries are stacked together, which can easily cause collision or contact between the positive and negative electrodes, which can easily lead to combustion and explosion accidents.
- Another Chinese patent document discloses a waste cylindrical lithium-ion battery discharge device and a discharge method thereof, wherein the composite plate made of special metal materials has high cost, and the number of batteries is limited at each discharge, and the feeding and discharging of waste batteries are very Inconvenient and low work efficiency.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a continuous safe discharge method for waste lithium batteries, the discharge is sufficient and complete, the discharge process of waste lithium batteries can be completed at one time, batch, continuous and automatic, and the process is simple and cost-effective low, and industrialized production can be realized.
- the method for continuous and safe discharge of waste lithium batteries is to use a feeding mechanism to feed a plurality of waste lithium batteries into a conductive conveying mechanism one by one, so that the waste lithium batteries are clamped at equal intervals on the conductive conveying mechanism to be closed respectively.
- the inner rings of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are respectively provided with a plurality of conductive graphite pressing rollers and conductive graphite idlers arranged at intervals,
- the upper driving mechanism and the lower driving mechanism are respectively driven to move synchronously, and are connected to the series-connected adjustable resistance, ammeter and switch through the conductive graphite pressure roller and the conductive graphite idler to form a discharge loop, so that the waste lithium battery is discharged from the battery.
- the continuous discharge process is completed during the driving and moving of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- a visual recognition system can be set at the entrance of the waste lithium battery sent by the feeding mechanism into the conductive conveying mechanism, so that the feeding mechanism can pass the instructions of the visual recognition system to the waste lithium battery.
- the lithium battery is placed between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt according to the pole position.
- the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt have a conductive layer
- the conductive layer includes rubber and conductive powder
- the conductive powder is one of conductive carbon powder and graphite negative electrode powder.
- a mixture of the two, the rubber is one or two of fluorine rubber, nitrile rubber or vulcanized rubber, the conductive powder accounts for 20%-60% of the total mass of the conductive layer, and the rubber It accounts for 30%-70% of the total mass of the conductive layer;
- the resistivity of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are both (5.0-18.0) ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m.
- a plurality of concave positions or blocks that can be matched with the positive and negative electrodes of the waste lithium battery can be arranged at intervals on the opposite positions of the upper conductive shoe conveyor and the outer ring of the lower conductive conveyor belt, so that the clamping
- Each waste lithium battery between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt is positioned in the concave position or block of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- an air cooling system may also be provided, so that the cold air is directed toward each of the waste lithium batteries during the discharge process, so as to reduce the heat generated during the discharge process of the waste lithium batteries.
- the present invention also provides a device designed according to the above-mentioned method for continuous safe discharge of waste lithium batteries, including a feeding mechanism and a conductive conveying mechanism; the conductive conveying mechanism has an upper conductive conveying belt and a lower conductive conveying belt that are respectively closed as annular belts, and are to be discharged. Waste lithium batteries are fed into the conductive conveying mechanism through the feeding mechanism, and are clamped between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt at equal intervals one by one.
- the conductive conveyor belt is arranged at intervals up and down, and is driven by the upper driving mechanism and the lower driving mechanism to move synchronously.
- the inner ring of the upper conductive conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of conductive graphite pressing rollers arranged at intervals and matched with the upper conductive conveyor belt.
- the inner ring of the lower conductive conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of conductive graphite rollers arranged at intervals and matched with the lower conductive conveyor belt; the conductive graphite pressing roller and the conductive graphite roller are connected with the series-connected adjustable resistor, ammeter and switch, A discharge circuit is formed together with each used lithium battery clamped between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- a plurality of concave positions or stoppers that can be adapted to the positive and negative electrodes of the waste lithium battery may be provided at intervals on the opposite positions of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the outer ring of the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- the conductive conveying mechanism is provided with an introduction angle at the entrance where the waste lithium batteries enter, which is convenient for placing the waste lithium batteries, and at the exit of the waste lithium batteries, there is a convenient outlet after the discharge is completed.
- an air cooling system is also included, and the air cooling system has a plurality of air supply ports that can make the cold air flow toward the moving waste lithium battery in the conductive conveying mechanism, so that the waste lithium battery in the discharge can be quickly discharged. Cool down.
- the present invention has the following technical effects: (1) The present invention makes the waste lithium batteries clamped at equal intervals between the closed upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, so that the waste lithium batteries are transported between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- the discharge process is completed one by one in the process of moving the conductive conveyor belt, which not only realizes the batch and continuous discharge treatment of waste lithium batteries, automates the discharge of waste lithium batteries, greatly improves the discharge efficiency of waste lithium batteries, but also ensures the discharge of waste lithium batteries.
- the waste lithium battery of the present invention is arranged at intervals between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, which effectively ensures the discharge process of the waste lithium battery. security.
- the length and moving speed of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt can be set according to the needs, and the discharge time and speed of the waste battery can be adjusted, and the discharge time and discharge speed can also be adjusted through the adjustable resistance, which improves the production efficiency and safety;
- the upper conductive conveyor belt, the lower conductive conveyor belt, the conductive graphite pressing roller and the conductive graphite idler used in the conductive conveying mechanism of the present invention can be used not only as a moving member for conveying the discharge of waste lithium batteries, but also as a conductive element in the discharge circuit , and each component is made of cheap and easily available graphite conductive materials, and no new impurities will be introduced during the discharge process, which not only ensures the completeness of discharge, but also reduces the cost of recycling waste lithium batteries;
- the entire discharge process of the present invention using physical methods, making full use of the structure and electrical conductivity of the discharge equipment design, without any chemical raw materials, avoiding the phenomenon of environmental pollution such as a large number of waste gas and
- the method of the invention meets the needs of the current industry and has a very wide application prospect.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device structure of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention first provides a continuous safe discharge method for waste lithium batteries, which is to use a feeding mechanism to feed a plurality of waste lithium batteries to be discharged into a conductive conveying mechanism one by one.
- the conductive conveying mechanism includes an upper conductive conveyor belt and a lower conductive conveyor belt.
- Conductive conveyor belt, the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are closed endless belts, which can be arranged at intervals up and down, and the spacing can enable a plurality of waste lithium batteries to be discharged to be clamped on the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are driven to move synchronously by the upper driving mechanism and the lower driving mechanism respectively, and a plurality of conductive graphite pressing rollers arranged at intervals are arranged on the inner ring of the upper conductive conveyor belt.
- a plurality of conductive graphite rollers arranged at intervals. The conductive graphite roller and the conductive graphite roller are arranged opposite each other, and the centers of the two are on the same straight line.
- the periphery of the conductive graphite roller and the conductive graphite roller The periphery of the graphite idler is tangent to the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt respectively, and rotates in coordination with the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt.
- the conductive graphite idler roller and the conductive graphite pressing roller are respectively connected to the series-connected adjustable resistance, ammeter and switch to form a discharge circuit together with the lower conductive conveyor belt, each waste lithium battery and the upper conductive conveyor belt.
- the waste lithium battery to be discharged when the waste lithium battery to be discharged is sent between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, its axial center can be on the same line as the center of the conductive graphite roller and the conductive graphite pressing roller, and the conductive graphite roller.
- the distance between the roller and the conductive graphite pressing roller is the same, so that when each waste lithium battery is between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, the bottom end is supported by the conductive graphite roller, and the top is pressed by the conductive graphite pressing roller.
- the conductive graphite pressing roller and conductive graphite idler set in the same straight line can press the waste lithium battery tightly with the minimum pressing force. Press down to avoid dumping of used lithium batteries while moving.
- the waste lithium battery to be discharged is fed into the conductive conveying mechanism through the feeding mechanism, it is clamped between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt by the conductive graphite idler roller and the conductive graphite pressing roller one by one at intervals, and the upper conductive Driven by the conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, the discharge process is gradually completed in the continuous movement.
- the above method of the present invention realizes the automatic, batch and continuous discharge treatment of waste lithium batteries, and the discharge can be completed at one time while moving.
- the components used to drive the waste lithium battery to move - the upper conductive conveyor belt, the lower conductive conveyor belt, the conductive graphite roller and the conductive graphite idler are all conductive elements, that is, the upper conductive conveyor belt, the lower conductive conveyor belt, the conductive graphite pressure
- the roller and the conductive graphite roller can be used not only as a moving part to drive the waste lithium battery during the discharge process, but also as a conductive part, so that the entire discharge equipment has electrical conductivity, which provides a reliable guarantee for the discharge of the waste lithium battery.
- the waste lithium batteries can be tightly clamped on the upper conductive conveyor belt. It can not only avoid the waste lithium battery from dumping during the movement, but also make the discharge circuit smooth during the discharge process, which highly guarantees the reliable and sufficient discharge of each waste lithium battery, and has a good discharge effect.
- waste lithium batteries between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt makes each single lithium battery form an effective interval, which can not only avoid the potential safety hazards caused by the collision of lithium batteries with each other, but also ensure The continuous discharge time generally only takes 2-4 hours, and the residual voltage of the battery will be lower than the safe voltage of 1.0 volts, which has the characteristics of high safety and high discharge efficiency.
- the length and moving speed of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt can be set according to the discharge needs, the discharge time and speed of the waste lithium battery can be adjusted, and the discharge time and discharge speed can also be adjusted by adjustable resistance.
- the method of the invention is simple in process and low in cost
- the continuous discharge equipment composed of the above components does not require any chemical raw materials, avoids the phenomenon of environmental pollution such as a large amount of waste gas and waste liquid generated by salt water discharge, does not produce secondary pollution, and is green and environmentally friendly , which improves the efficiency and safety of the discharge process of waste lithium batteries, meets the needs of the current waste lithium battery recycling industry, and is conducive to industrialized large-scale production.
- a visual recognition system can be set at the entrance of the waste lithium battery where the waste lithium battery is fed into the conductive conveying mechanism by the feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism can be caught by the image capturing device CCD in the visual recognition system.
- the waste lithium battery is converted into an image signal and sent to the image processing system.
- the image processing system quickly identifies the appearance and size characteristics of the lithium battery according to the image signal, distinguishes the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery by the size, and then issues control instructions to the feeding mechanism to make the feeding mechanism
- the waste lithium battery is placed between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt according to the pole position through the reclaimer.
- the visual recognition system is adopted, and the material is automatically fed through the feeding mechanism without manual work. It can quickly and efficiently identify the positive and negative poles of waste lithium batteries, and avoid potential safety hazards caused by manual placement errors. It has high accuracy, high safety, and can be operated. It has the characteristics of strong performance, which can greatly improve the production efficiency and the degree of automation of the discharge of waste lithium batteries, which is conducive to improving the safety and stability of the battery discharge movement process.
- the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt can be composed of a belt core and a conductive layer, wherein the belt core is composed of a single layer of longitudinally arranged steel cords, and the conductive layer includes rubber and conductive powder.
- the conductive powder is a mixture of one or both of conductive carbon powder and graphite negative electrode powder
- the rubber is fluorine rubber or nitrile rubber or One or two kinds of vulcanized rubber are mixed
- the conductive powder accounts for 20%-60% of the total mass of the conductive layer
- the rubber accounts for 30%-70% of the total mass of the conductive layer
- the remaining additives The amount of dibutyl phthalate, 3-5 mm short carbon fiber, etc.
- the resistivity of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are both (5.0 ⁇ 18.0) ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ .m, It has good electrical conductivity, similar to that of conductive graphite.
- the conductive graphite pressing roller and the conductive graphite supporting roller are formed by pressing graphite material and subjected to high temperature treatment, and can use negative graphite powder recovered from waste lithium batteries, which can reduce manufacturing costs and save resources.
- Conductive graphite pressing roller and conductive graphite idler have high conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, high strength and light weight.
- the upper conductive conveyor belt and the outer ring of the lower conductive conveyor belt may be opposite to each other, that is, on the outer side of the contact between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt and the waste lithium batteries. , and set up a plurality of regularly arranged recesses or blocks at intervals.
- the outer dimensions of the recesses or blocks can match the model of the used lithium battery, such as cylindrical 18650, cylindrical 26650, square lithium battery, etc., and they are aligned with each other.
- the waste lithium batteries sandwiched between the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt are embedded and positioned in the concave positions or blocks of the upper conductive conveyor belt and the lower conductive conveyor belt, so that the The waste lithium batteries are always clamped stably between the upper conductive shoe conveyor and the lower conductive conveyor belt during transportation, and keep the vertical state without dumping.
- the contact of the conductive conveyor belt ensures the smooth progress of the discharge process and also ensures the safety during the conveying process.
- an air cooling system can also be provided, and the air cooling system can effectively control the discharge thermal management of the waste lithium battery.
- a plurality of air supply ports can be set on the air cooling system, aiming at each waste lithium battery in transportation, so that the cold air is directed towards the waste lithium battery during the discharge process, so as to reduce the heat generated during the discharge process of the waste lithium battery, and further Ensure safety during discharge.
- the present invention designs a waste lithium battery continuous safe discharge device according to the above method, including a feeding mechanism 2 and a conductive conveying mechanism 4.
- the feeding mechanism 2 the The reclaimer 21, the base 23 is used to support the entire feeding mechanism 2, one end of the rotating arm 22 is hinged on the base 23, can rotate around the base 23, and the other end is hinged with one end of the reclaimer 21, and can drive the reclaimer 21 turns.
- the reclaimer 21 can rotate around the rotating arm 22, so that the reclaimer 21 has multiple degrees of freedom, which can meet the feeding requirements of the waste lithium battery 3; the other end of the reclaimer 21 has a mechanical arm, which can automatically remove the waste lithium batteries 3 one by one.
- the conductive conveying mechanism 4 is sent into the placement positions arranged at equal intervals.
- the conductive conveying mechanism 4 includes an upper conductive conveying belt 421 and a lower conductive conveying belt 411 arranged at intervals up and down. The distance between the surfaces enables the spent lithium battery to be clamped between the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 .
- the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 can be specifically composed of the belt core and the conductive layer described in the aforementioned method, wherein the belt core is composed of a single layer of longitudinally arranged steel wire ropes, and the conductive layer can be covered on the belt core or Mixed with the belt core, the conductive layer is made of rubber, conductive powder and additives according to the above-mentioned mixing ratio.
- the resistivity of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 is (5.0 ⁇ 18.0) ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ .m.
- the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 are respectively driven to move synchronously by the upper driving mechanism and the lower driving mechanism, wherein the upper driving mechanism includes an upper driving wheel 426 and an upper driven wheel 425, which are respectively arranged on the upper conductive conveyor belt.
- the upper driving mechanism includes an upper driving wheel 426 and an upper driven wheel 425, which are respectively arranged on the upper conductive conveyor belt.
- the lower driving mechanism includes a lower driving wheel 416 and a lower driven wheel 418, which are also arranged at the front and rear of the lower conductive conveyor belt 411, respectively.
- the upper driving wheel 426 and the lower driving wheel 416 are driven to rotate synchronously by a power mechanism.
- the power mechanism includes a speed-adjustable stepper motor 415.
- the speed-adjustable stepper motor 415 is driven by the upper drive wheel 426 and the lower drive wheel through a transmission mechanism (not shown).
- the wheel 416 is connected to transmit power to the upper driving wheel 426 and the lower driving wheel 416 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive
- the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the conductive graphite idler 412 in the lower conductive conveying belt 411 cooperate to rotate.
- the annular length of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411, the distance between the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411, and the distance between the conductive graphite pressing roller 421 and the conductive graphite idler 412 The number and arrangement can be determined according to the actual production needs and discharge requirements, and can accommodate 10-35 single-unit waste lithium batteries.
- the power mechanism adopts a speed regulating motor, so that the moving speed of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 can also be adjusted according to the discharge needs, so that the waste lithium battery 3 can be fully discharged in one move, which not only satisfies the discharge requirements requirements, but also very convenient.
- each of the conductive graphite pressing rollers 422 and each of the conductive graphite supporting rollers 412 can be arranged opposite to each other, and the centers are on the same straight line.
- the waste lithium battery 3 is sandwiched between the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and each conductive graphite supporting roller
- the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the conductive graphite idler 412 arranged in the same straight line can press the waste lithium battery 3 tightly with the smallest pressing force. Avoid dumping of used lithium batteries 3 while moving.
- each conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and conductive graphite idler 412 On the outward side ends of each conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and conductive graphite idler 412, a pressing roller insulating protective sleeve 423 and an idler insulating protective sleeve 413 are respectively covered to protect the safety of the operator; on the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the axial center of the conductive graphite idler 412 are respectively provided with a conductive upper terminal 424 and a lower terminal 414.
- the upper terminal 424 and the lower terminal 414 are connected to the switch S1, the ammeter A and the adjustable resistance through a wire. R is connected in series.
- the switch S1, the ammeter A, and the adjustable resistance R pass through the upper terminal 424 and the lower terminal.
- 414 is connected in series with the conductive graphite pressing roller 422, the conductive graphite idler 412, the upper conductive conveyor belt 421, the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 and the waste lithium batteries to form a discharge circuit.
- the above-mentioned discharge circuit adopts adjustable resistance, which can adjust the discharge time and discharge speed, and try to ensure that the waste lithium battery 3 is fully and completely discharged.
- a material box 9 is arranged between the feeding mechanism 2 and the conductive conveying mechanism 4, and a plurality of lithium batteries to be discharged are evenly placed in the material box 9, which is convenient for the feeding mechanism 2 to grasp ;
- the conductive conveying mechanism 4 is arranged on the conductive graphite fixed bed 8 to support the conductive conveying mechanism 4, the power mechanism, the driving mechanism and other components. It can be used as an auxiliary conductive element to enhance the discharge performance, and is also beneficial to the heat dissipation of the waste lithium battery 3 .
- the conductive graphite fixed bed 8 is used as a machine base, and the bottom of the supporting feet in contact with the ground is provided with an insulating protection pad 7 to ensure the safety of the discharge process and avoid causing damage to the operator.
- a visual recognition system 1 can be provided at the entrance of the waste lithium battery 3 into the conductive conveying mechanism 4 .
- the reclaimer 21 of the mechanism 2 grabs the waste lithium battery 3 from the material box 9, it can identify the positive and negative electrodes of the battery in the reclaimer 21, and then issue a control command to the feeding mechanism 2 through the central controller (not shown). , so that the reclaimer 21 places the captured waste lithium batteries 3 between the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 one by one according to the pole position, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by placement errors.
- waste materials are sandwiched between the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 at the opposite positions of the outer rings of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 .
- On the outside of the lithium battery 3 there are a plurality of regularly arranged recessed positions or blocks (the recessed positions are shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1 ) at intervals, and the recessed positions extend from the outer sides of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 to the outer side.
- the inner recess wherein the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 is provided with an upper recessed position 420 or an upper stop that can be adapted to the positive electrode of the waste lithium battery 3, and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 is provided with a lower recessed position that can be adapted to the negative electrode of the waste lithium battery 3. 417 or the lower stop, the upper recessed position 420 or the upper stop and the lower recessed position 417 or the upper stop match the model of the waste lithium battery 3 and are aligned with each other, the waste lithium battery 3 is inlaid and positioned in the upper recess when moving bit 420 or lower stop and lower recessed bit 417 or upper stop.
- the upper concave position 420 or the upper block and the lower concave position 417 or the lower block are respectively positioned opposite to the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the conductive graphite idler 412, that is, the upper concave position 420 or the upper block and the
- the center of the lower concave position 417 or the lower stopper is on the same line as the center of the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the conductive graphite idler 412, so that the conductive graphite pressing roller 422 and the conductive graphite idler 412 pass through the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive
- the conveyor belt 411 can be pressed tightly on the moving waste lithium battery 3, and the clamping effect is good, which can realize the effective spacing of the waste lithium battery 3 during the movement, and avoid the collision or contact between the positive and negative electrodes when the waste lithium batteries are stacked together.
- the resulting burning and explosion accidents can also prevent the waste lithium battery 3 from being dumped during the mobile discharge process, so as to ensure the reliability and stability of the waste lithium battery 3 discharge process.
- the clamping force between them keeps the waste lithium batteries 3 in contact with the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 all the time during the movement process, forming a discharge closed loop with smooth current, ensuring that the waste lithium batteries 3 are fully discharged and discharged. reliable.
- the upper concave position 420 and the lower concave position 417 may be grooves opened inward on the outer sides of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 as shown in FIG.
- the stoppers are at least two stoppers protruding outward from the outer sides of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411.
- the stoppers can be fixed or adjustable, and the height is 1/10-1 of the height of the waste lithium battery 3. /5, fixed on the outer side of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 through the connecting piece, the fixed position can be adjusted according to the model of the waste lithium battery 3, so as to adapt to various waste lithium batteries of different specifications, and improve the use of the device of the present invention. Universality.
- a lead-in angle ⁇ is provided at the entrance of the waste lithium battery 3 into the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 and the lower conductive conveyor belt 411, so as to facilitate each waste lithium battery 3. Placement; at the exit of the waste lithium battery 3, there is a lead-out angle ⁇ , which is convenient for each waste lithium battery 3 to fall after discharge, and the lead-in angle ⁇ and the lead-out angle ⁇ are both less than 75°.
- a front tensioning wheel 427 can be provided at the entrance of the waste lithium battery 3 and at the front end of the inner ring of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421, and the front tensioning wheel 427 is close to the first conductive graphite at the entrance.
- the pressing roller 422 is arranged between the upper driving wheel 426 and the first conductive graphite pressing roller 422. At the same time, the height of the upper driving wheel 426 is set higher than that of the front tensioning wheel 427, so that the front end of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 forms a lead-in angle a.
- the cooperative arrangement of the front tensioning wheel 427 and the upper driving wheel 426 can change the moving direction of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 at the front end (oblique movement becomes horizontal movement), and at the same time, a tensioning mechanism can be formed to make the entire upper conductive conveyor belt 421 move.
- the front end is straightened and tightened without sagging, and the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 is redirected at different angles at the front end, forming an introduction angle ⁇ with the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 at the entrance of the waste lithium battery 3, which is beneficial to the feeding mechanism 2.
- the reclaimer 21 feeds the waste lithium battery 3 into the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 to avoid collision with the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 .
- a rear tensioner 428 can be provided at the exit of the waste lithium battery 3 and at the rear end of the inner ring of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 endless belt. Between the upper driven wheel 425 and the last conductive graphite pressing roller 422 , at the same time, the height of the upper driven wheel 425 is set higher than that of the rear tension wheel 428 .
- the cooperating arrangement of the rear tensioning wheel 428 and the upper driven wheel 425 can change the moving direction of the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 at the rear end, and at the same time, it is tensioned together with the front tensioning wheel 427 to form a front and rear tensioning mechanism, so that the entire annular
- the conductive conveyor belt 421 is straightened and tightened without sagging, to ensure that a closed loop of current flow is formed with the clamped waste lithium batteries 3, and the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 can be redirected at different angles at the rear end, and the lower conductive conveyor belt 421 can be reversed at different angles.
- the belt 411 forms a lead-out angle ⁇ at the outlet of the spent lithium battery 3 .
- the upper conductive conveyor belt 421 releases the clamping pressure on the waste lithium battery 3 at the outlet, so that the pressure on the top of the waste lithium battery 3 is suddenly released, and the waste lithium battery 3 is under the action of its own gravity. Automatically fall off from the lower conductive conveyor belt 411 into the discharge bin 6 .
- an air cooling system 5 is further included.
- the air cooling system 5 is connected to the air compressor, and includes an air supply pipe 51 , and the air supply pipe 51 faces each waste lithium in transit.
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法及装置，采用送料机构将多个废旧锂电池逐一送入导电输送机构，使各废旧锂电池呈等距间隔被夹紧在导电输送机构上分别闭合设置的上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，上导电输送带和下导电输送带分别由相对设置的导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊带动移动，且与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，形成放电回路，使废旧锂电池在由上导电输送带和下导电输送带带动移动的过程中完成放电过程。本发明实现了废旧锂电池批量、连续、自动化放电处理，大幅提高了废旧锂电池放电的效率，可保证各废旧锂电池放电完全、充分，放电效果好。本发明工艺简单，成本低，避免了主流市场盐水放电引入新杂质的缺陷，绿色环保。
Description
本发明属于废旧锂电池回收技术领域，特别涉及一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法及装置。
目前，锂电池面临大量退役回收问题。然而，退役的废旧锂电池仍然具有一定电量残余，如不妥善放电处理，在电池堆放过程以及处理过程极易产生爆炸燃烧事故。
采用盐水溶液对废旧锂电池实现安全放电在现有技术中已成为广泛采用的方法之一。但是盐水放电也存在比较严重的环境污染问题，如产生大量的气体会对周边环境产生二次污染；盐水多次放电后，盐水溶液对废旧锂电池中的钢壳、铝壳、正极铝箔、负极铜箔、极片活性物质、极耳等会产生严重的电化学腐蚀，而且也会引入大量的杂质，这些杂质属于危险废物，产生二次污染，同时经多次放电后的盐水溶液往往含有褐色的大量絮状沉淀物，这些物质会随同废旧锂电池破碎分选后引入正、负极混合料即黑粉，对后续有价金属的除杂分离提纯造成很大影响，工艺流程复杂，使用较多的其它化学药剂，废水处理量增大，除杂成本大幅提高。
中国专利文献公开了一种锂电池清洁放电设备及方法，其采用两次放电方式，需多个中间转换机构，结构复杂，占地面积大，且第二次放电需要通过外加导电剂的涂抹来实现，但导电剂很难顺利进入废旧电池正负极上的短路凹槽内，不能充分保证每一个单体电池的导通效果，放电效率低，长时间使用过后的废旧电池正、负极表面会吸附有大量的不明有机、无机污染物，对导电剂的导通存在较大影响，很难保证有效放电。而且还存在导电剂使用量大，不可循环，同时引入新的杂质化学成分，会增大后续废旧锂电池有价化学组分的分离与分选难度。另外，废旧锂电池上料及放电均是相互堆放在一起，极易产生正负极碰撞或接触，容易导致燃烧与爆炸事故。
另有中国专利文献公开了一种废旧圆柱锂离子电池放电装置及其放电方法，其中特种金属材料制造的复合板成本高，同时每次放电电池数量有限，且废旧电池的进料和出料非常不方便，工作效率低。
还有一种废旧锂电池快速放电装置，采用导电云母粉作为放电介质实现电池的快速放电。但导电云母粉粉末细小，比表面大，吸附性极强，容易吸附在单体电池表面，放电后需要使用大量的水清洗，同时，导电云母粉中的导电成分作为杂质在单体电池正负极上的短路凹槽内牢固囤积，增大后端电池分选提纯难度，大幅增加了分离提纯工艺流程与运行成本。
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供了一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，放电充分、完全，可一次完成废旧锂电池放电过程，批量、连续、自动化，且工艺简单，成本低，能够实现工业化生产。
本发明提供的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，是采用送料机构将多个废旧锂电池逐一送入导电输送机构，使各废旧锂电池呈等距间隔被夹紧在所述导电输送机构上分别闭合呈环形带的上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的内环分别设有多个间隔排列的导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊，且分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，并通过导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，形成放电回路，使所述废旧锂电池在由所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带带动移动的过程中完成连续放电过程。
上述方法中，可在所述废旧锂电池在被所述送料机构送入所述导电输送机构的入口处，设置视觉识别系统，使所述送料机构通过所述视觉识别系统的指令将所述废旧锂电池按极位放置在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间。
上述方法中，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带具有导电层，所述导电层包括橡胶和导电粉，其中，所述导电粉为导电碳粉与石墨负极粉中的一种或两种的混合，所述橡胶为氟橡胶或丁腈橡胶或硫化橡胶中的一种或两种混制而成，所述导电粉占所述导电层总质量的20%－60%，所述橡胶占所述导电层总质量的30%－70%；所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的电阻率均为（5.0～18.0）×10
-6 Ω.m。
上述方法中，可在所述上导电履输送和所述下导电输送带外环相对的位置上，分别间隔设置多个可与废旧锂电池正负极匹配的凹陷位或挡块，使夹设于所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间的各废旧锂电池定位在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的凹陷位或挡块内。
上述方法中，还可设置风冷系统，使冷风朝向放电过程中的各所述废旧锂电池，用于降低废旧锂电池放电过程中产生的热量。
本发明还提供了根据上述废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法设计的装置，包括送料机构和导电输送机构；所述导电输送机构具有分别闭合呈环形带的上导电输送带和下导电输送带，待放电废旧锂电池通过所述送料机构送入所述导电输送机构，逐一呈等距间隔夹紧在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带上下间隔设置，分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，所述上导电输送带内环设有多个间隔排列且与该上导电输送带配合的导电石墨压辊，所述下导电输送带内环设有多个间隔排列且与该下导电输送带配合的导电石墨托辊；所述导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，与夹紧在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间的各废旧锂电池一起形成放电回路。
上述装置中，可在所述废旧锂电池被送入所述导电输送机构的入口处，设有可使所述送料机构将所述废旧锂电池按极位放置在所述上导电输送带与所述下导电输送带之间的视觉识别系统。
上述装置中，可在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带外环相对的位置上，分别间隔设有多个可与废旧锂电池正负极适配的凹陷位或挡块。
上述装置中，所述导电输送机构在所述废旧锂电池进入的入口处设有方便各所述废旧锂电池放置的导入角，在所述废旧锂电池的出口处，设有方便放电完毕后的各所述废旧锂电池掉落的导出角。
上述装置中，还包括风冷系统，所述风冷系统具有多个可使冷风朝向所述导电输送机构中移动中的所述废旧锂电池的送风口，用于放电中的所述废旧锂电池快速降温。
本发明具有下述技术效果：（1）本发明使废旧锂电池等距间隔夹紧在闭合设置的上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，使废旧锂电池在由上导电输送带和下导电输送带带动移动的过程中逐一完成放电过程，不仅实现了废旧锂电池批量、连续放电处理，使废旧锂电池放电自动化，大幅提高了废旧锂电池放电的效率，而且可以保证各废旧锂电池放电一次完成，且放电完全、充分，具有很好的放电效果；（2）本发明废旧锂电池在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间的移动中间隔设置，有效保证了废旧锂电池放电过程的安全性。上导电输送带和下导电输送带长度和移动速度可以根据需要设定，可调节废旧电池放电时间与速度，也可通过可调电阻调控放电时间与放电速度，提高了生产效率与安全性；（3）本发明导电输送机构采用的上导电输送带、下导电输送带、导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊，既可以作为输送废旧锂电池放电的移动构件，又可以作为放电回路中的导电元件，且各构件均采用价廉易得的石墨导电材料，放电过程不会引入新的杂质，不仅可保证放电的完全性，而且减少了废旧锂电池回收成本；（4）本发明整个放电过程中，采用物理方法，充分利用放电设备设计的结构及所具有的导电性实现，不需要任何化工原料，避免了市场主流技术盐水放电产生大量的废气废液等污染环境现象，不会产生二次污染，使放电过程具有环保性；（5）本发明工艺简单，成本低，提高了废旧锂电池的放电过程的效率和安全性，有利于工业化大规模生产。
本发明方法符合目前产业的需求，具有非常广泛的应用前景。
图1是本发明装置结构实施例示意图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例首先提供了一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其是采用送料机构将多个待放电的废旧锂电池逐一送入导电输送机构，所述导电输送机构包括上导电输送带和下导电输送带，所述上导电输送带和下导电输送带均为闭合的环形带，可上下间隔设置，其间距可使多个待放电废旧锂电池被夹紧在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间；所述上导电输送带和下导电输送带分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，在上导电输送带的内环，设有多个间隔排列的导电石墨压辊，同时，在下导电输送带的内环，分别设有多个间隔排列的导电石墨托辊，导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊相对设置，两者中心在同一直线上，导电石墨压辊的周边和导电石墨托辊的周边分别与上导电输送带和下导电输送带相切，与上导电输送带和下导电输送带配合转动。同时，通过导电石墨托辊和导电石墨压辊分别与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，与下导电输送带、各废旧锂电池、上导电输送带一起形成放电回路。作为优选方式，待放电废旧锂电池被送于上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间时，其轴向中心可与导电石墨托辊和导电石墨压辊中心在同一直线上，与导电石墨托辊和导电石墨压辊的间隔排列间距一致，使各废旧锂电池在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间时，其底端由导电石墨托辊支承，顶端由导电石墨压辊夹压，在移动的过程中始终被夹紧在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，而且，同一直线设置的导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊，可以最小的压紧力将废旧锂电池抵紧压住，避免废旧锂电池在移动中倾倒。这样，待放电的废旧锂电池通过送料机构送入导电输送机构时，逐个呈间隔被导电石墨托辊和导电石墨压辊夹紧在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，并在上导电输送带和下导电输送带的带动下，在不断的移动中逐渐完成放电过程。本发明上述方法，实现了废旧锂电池自动、批量、连续放电处理，可在移动中一次完成放电。同时用于带动废旧锂电池移动的构件--上导电输送带、下导电输送带、导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊均为导电元件，即上导电输送带、下导电输送带、导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊既可作为带动废旧锂电池放电过程中移动的部件，又可以作为导电部件，使整个放电设备均具有导电性能，为废旧锂电池的放电充分提供了可靠的保障。而且，由于锂电池正负极与上导电输送带和下导电输送带接触面积大，且导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊的相对设置能够将各废旧锂电池紧紧夹紧在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，不仅可避免废旧锂电池在移动中倾倒，而且使放电过程中放电回路顺畅，高度保障了各废旧锂电池的放电可靠、充分，具有很好的放电效果。另外，各废旧锂电池在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间的置放，使各单体锂电池形成有效间隔，既可避免各锂电池相互碰撞可能带来的安全隐患，还可以保证持续放电时间，一般只需要2－4小时，电池的残余电压就会低于1.0伏安全电压，具有安全性高，放电效率高等特点。而且，上导电输送带和下导电输送带长度和移动速度可以根据放电需要设定，可调节废旧锂电池放电时间与速度，也可通过可调电阻调控放电时间与放电速度。同时，本发明方法工艺简单，成本低，上述各构件组成的连续放电设备，不需要任何化工原料，避免了盐水放电产生大量的废气废液等污染环境现象，不会产生二次污染，绿色环保，提高了废旧锂电池的放电过程的效率和安全性，符合目前废旧锂电池回收产业的需求，有利于工业化大规模生产。
本发明方法具体的实施方式中，可在废旧锂电池被送料机构送入导电输送机构的废旧锂电池入口处，设置视觉识别系统，通过视觉识别系统中的图像摄取装置CCD，将送料机构抓取的废旧锂电池转换成图像信号，传送给图像处理系统，图像处理系统根据图像信号快速识别锂电池外观尺寸特征，通过尺寸大小辨别锂电池正、负极，然后对送料机构下达控制指令，使送料机构通过取料夹将废旧锂电池按极位放置在上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间。采用视觉识别系统，通过送料机构自动上料，不需要通过人工，能快速高效识别废旧锂电池的正负极，避免人工摆放失误造成的安全隐患，具有准确性高、安全性高，可操作性强的特点，可以大大提高生产效率和废旧锂电池放电自动化程度，有利于提高电池放电移动过程的安全性与稳定性。
本发明方法具体的实施方式中，所述上导电输送带和下导电输送带可由带芯与导电层组成，其中带芯是由单层纵向排列的钢丝绳组成，所述导电层包括橡胶和导电粉，可由橡胶、导电粉和添加剂压制或混炼而成，其中，所述导电粉为导电碳粉与石墨负极粉中的一种或两种的混合，所述橡胶为氟橡胶或丁腈橡胶或硫化橡胶中的一种或两种混制而成，所述导电粉占所述导电层总质量的20%－60%，所述橡胶占所述导电层总质量的30%－70%，添加剂余量，可采用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，3－5毫米短炭纤维等；所述上导电输送带和下导电输送带的电阻率均为（5.0～18.0）×10
-6 Ω.m，具有较好的导电性，与导电石墨导电性能相似。所述导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊由石墨材料压制经高温处理而成，可采用废旧锂电池回收的负极石墨粉，可降低制造成本，节约资源。导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊具有高导电性,还具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、强度高、质量轻等特点。
本发明方法具体的实施方式中，可在所述上导电履输送和所述下导电输送带外环相对的位置上，即在上导电输送带和下导电输送带与各废旧锂电池接触的外侧，分别间隔设置多个排列规则的凹陷位或挡块，凹陷位或挡块的外围尺寸可与废旧锂电池型号匹配，如圆柱型18650、圆柱型26650、方形锂电池等，且相互对正，使夹设于所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间的各废旧锂电池被镶嵌、定位在所述上导电输送带和下导电输送带的凹陷位或挡块内，以使各废旧锂电池在输送中始终稳定地卡夹在上导电履输送和下导电输送带之间，保持垂直状态，不会产生倾倒现象，这样能够保证废旧锂电池始终保持与上导电输送带和下导电输送带的接触，确保放电过程的顺利进行，同时也保证了输送过程中的安全。
本发明方法具体的实施方式中，还可设置一风冷系统，通过风冷系统，可有效控制废旧锂电池放电热管理。具体可在所述风冷系统上设置多个送风口，对准输送中的各废旧锂电池，使冷风朝向放电过程中的废旧锂电池，用于降低废旧锂电池放电过程中产生的热量，进一步保证放电过程中的安全性。
参见图1，本发明根据上述方法设计了一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置，包括送料机构2、导电输送机构4，所述送料机构2具体实施例中，包括基座23、转动臂22和取料夹21，基座23用于支承整个送料机构2，转动臂22一端铰接在基座23上，可绕基座23转动，另一端与取料夹21一端铰接，且可带动取料夹21转动。取料夹21可绕转动臂22转动，使取料夹21具有多个自由度，可满足废旧锂电池3的送料要求；取料夹21另一端具有机械手臂，可自动将废旧锂电池3逐一送入导电输送机构4呈等距间隔设置的置放位。所述导电输送机构4包括上下间隔设置的上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411，所述上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411分别为闭合设置的环形带，两环形带之间相对面的间距能够使废旧锂电池被夹紧在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411之间。所述上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411具体可由前述方法中所述的带芯与导电层组成，其中带芯是由单层纵向排列的钢丝绳组成，导电层可覆盖在带芯上或与带芯混合，导电层由橡胶、导电粉和添加剂按上述所述的配比混炼而成，上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411的电阻率为（5.0～18.0）×10
-6Ω.m。所述上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，其中所述上驱动机构包括上驱动轮426和上从动轮425，分别设于上导电输送带421的前、后端（废旧锂电池入口处和出口处），下驱动机构包括下驱动轮416和下从动轮418，亦分别设于下导电输送带411的前、后端。上驱动轮426和下驱动轮416通过动力机构带动同步转动，其动力机构包括调速步进电机415，调速步进电机415通过传动机构（未图示）分别与上驱动轮426和下驱动轮416联接，可将动力传递给上驱动轮426和下驱动轮416，使其同步转动，进而带动上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411同步移动，同时使上导电输送带421内的各导电石墨压辊422和下导电输送带411内的导电石墨托辊412配合转动。本发明上述结构设置中，上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411的环形长度、上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411之间的间距以及导电石墨压辊421、导电石墨托辊412的数量和排列可以根据实际生产中的需要和放电要求确定，可以容纳10－35个单体废旧锂电池。而且，动力机构采用调速电机，使上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411的移动速度也可以根据放电需要调整，使废旧锂电池3在移动中一次就能够充分放电完毕，不仅满足了放电要求，而且也非常方便。
作为本发明装置的优选方案，各所述导电石墨压辊422和各导电石墨托辊412可相对设置，中心在同一直线上，当废旧锂电池3夹在导电石墨压辊422和各导电石墨托辊412之间的上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411时，同一直线设置的导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412，可以最小的压紧力将废旧锂电池3抵紧压住，避免废旧锂电池3在移动中倾倒。在各导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412向外的两侧端，分别套有压辊绝缘保护套423和托辊绝缘保护套413，以保护操作者的安全；在导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412的轴向中心，分别设有可导电的上接线柱424和下接线柱414，所述上接线柱424和下接线柱414通过导线与开关S1、电流表A和可调电阻R串接，当各废旧锂电池3逐一呈间隔夹设在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411之间时，开关S1、电流表A、可调电阻R通过上接线柱424和下接线柱414与导电石墨压辊422、导电石墨托辊412、上导电输送带421、下导电输送带411以及各废旧锂电池串接在一起，形成放电回路。上述放电回路采用可调电阻，可调整放电时间与放电速度，尽量保证废旧锂电池3放电充分、完全。
参见图1，本发明装置具体的实施方式中，在送料机构2和导电输送机构4之间，设有料箱9，多个待放电锂电池均匀放置于料箱9内，方便送料机构2抓取；在导电输送机构4后端，设有出料仓6，放电完毕的废旧锂电池3可自动落于该出料仓6内。所述导电输送机构4设置在导电石墨固定床8上，用于支承导电输送机构4、动力机构、驱动机构及其他构件等，导电石墨固定床8亦是由导电导热的石墨压制而成，既可以作为辅助导电元件，增强放电性，又有利于废旧锂电池3的散热。导电石墨固定床8作为机座，与地面接触的支承脚底部设有绝缘保护垫7，保证放电过程的安全性，避免引起对操作者的伤害。
进一步参见图1，本发明装置具体的实施方式中，可在废旧锂电池3进入导电输送机构4的入口处，设有视觉识别系统1，通过视觉识别系统1中的图像摄取装置CCD，在送料机构2之取料夹21从料箱9中抓取废旧锂电池3时，可识别取料夹21中的电池正、负极，然后通过中央控制器（未图示）对送料机构2下达控制指令，使取料夹21将抓取的废旧锂电池3逐一按极位放置在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411之间，避免摆放误差造成的安全隐患。
参见图1，本发明装置具体的实施方式中，在所述上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411外环相对的位置上，即在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411夹设废旧锂电池3的外侧，分别间隔有设置多个排列规则的凹陷位或挡块（图1实施例所示为凹陷位），其凹陷位由上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411的外侧向内凹陷，其中上导电输送带421设置有可与废旧锂电池3正极适配的上凹陷位420或上挡块，下导电输送带411设置有可与废旧锂电池3负极适配的下凹陷位417或下挡块，上凹陷位420或上挡块和下凹陷位417或上挡块与废旧锂电池3的型号匹配，且相互对正，废旧锂电池3移动时被镶嵌、定位在上凹陷位420或下挡块和下凹陷位417或上挡块内。作为优选方案，上凹陷位420或上挡块和下凹陷位417或下挡块的设置位置分别与导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412正对，即上凹陷位420或上挡块和下凹陷位417或下挡块的设置中心与导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412中心在同一直线上，使导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412通过上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411能够紧压在移动的废旧锂电池3上，夹紧效果好，既可实现废旧锂电池3在移动中有效间隔，避免废旧锂电池堆放在一起时极易产生正负极碰撞或接触导致的燃烧与爆炸事故，又可防止废旧锂电池3在移动放电过程中倾倒，以保证废旧锂电池3放电过程的可靠性和稳定性，还可通过导电石墨压辊422和导电石墨托辊412之间的夹紧力使各废旧锂电池3在移动过程中始终保持与上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411接触，形成电流畅通的放电闭合回路，保证各废旧锂电池3放电的完全、可靠。所述上凹陷位420和下凹陷位417可以是图1所示在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411外侧向内开设的凹槽，或者是弧形槽，也是其他凹陷结构；所述的挡块为在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411外侧向外凸伸的至少两挡块，挡块可固定设置或可调节设置，高度为废旧锂电池3高度的1/10-1/5，通过连接件固定在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411外侧，可根据废旧锂电池3的型号调整固定位置，以适应各种不同规格的废旧锂电池，提高本发明装置使用的通用性。可以理解地，只要能够保证废旧锂电池3稳定的卡夹在上导电输送带421和下导电输送带411之间，与凹陷位或挡块的其他结构的类似设计，均是本发明的保护范围。
参见图1，本发明装置具体的实施方式中，在废旧锂电池3进入上导电输送带421与下导电输送带411之间的入口处，设有导入角
α，以方便各废旧锂电池3的放置；在废旧锂电池3的出口处，设有导出角β，方便放电完毕后的各废旧锂电池3掉落，所述导入角α和导出角β均小于75°。具体的结构实施例中，可在废旧锂电池3的入口处、上导电输送带421环形带内环的前端，设置前张紧轮427，前张紧轮427靠近入口处的第一个导电石墨压辊422设置，且位于上驱动轮426和第一个导电石墨压辊422之间，同时，使上驱动轮426设置高度高于前张紧轮427，使上导电输送带421前端形成导入角α。前张紧轮427与上驱动轮426的配合设置，可改变上导电输送带421在前端的移动方向（斜向移动变为水平移动），同时可构成拉紧机构，使整个上导电输送带421前端拉直紧绷不松塌，并使上导电输送带421在前端产生不同角度的改向，与下导电输送带411在废旧锂电池3的入口处形成导入角α，有利于送料机构2之取料夹21将废旧锂电池3送入下导电输送带411，避免对上导电输送带421的碰撞。同样地，可在废旧锂电池3的出口处、上导电输送带421环形带内环的后端，设置后张紧轮428，后张紧轮428设于上导电输送带421环形带的后端的上从动轮425和最后一个导电石墨压辊422之间，同时，使上从动轮425设置高度高于后张紧轮428。这样，后张紧轮428与上从动轮425的配合设置，可改变上导电输送带421在后端的移动方向，同时与前张紧轮427一同拉紧，形成前后拉紧机构，使整个环形上导电输送带421拉直紧绷不松塌，保证与夹紧的各废旧锂电池3形成电流畅通的闭合回路，并使上导电输送带421在后端产生不同角度的改向，与下导电输送带411在废旧锂电池3的出口处形成导出角β。放电完毕后，由于导出角β，上导电输送带421解除对出口处的废旧锂电池3的夹压，使压在废旧锂电池3顶部的压力突然释放，废旧锂电池3在自身重力作用下，自动从下导电输送带411脱落掉至出料仓6内。
参见图1，本发明装置具体的实施方式中，还包括风冷系统5，所述风冷系统5与空压机连接，包括一送风管51，送风管51朝向运送中的各废旧锂电池3的方向开设有多个送风口52，可向放电过程中的各废旧锂电池3吹冷风，使放电中的废旧锂电池3快速降温，用于降低废旧锂电池3放电过程中产生的热量，保证放电过程中的安全。
本发明的上述实施例所示仅为本发明较佳实施例之部分，并不能以此局限本发明，在不脱离本发明精髓的条件下，本领域技术人员所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，都属本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其特征在于，采用送料机构将多个废旧锂电池逐一送入导电输送机构，使各废旧锂电池呈等距间隔被夹紧在所述导电输送机构上分别闭合呈环形带的上导电输送带和下导电输送带之间，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的内环分别设有多个间隔排列的导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊，且分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，并通过导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，形成放电回路，使所述废旧锂电池在由所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带带动移动的过程中完成连续放电过程。
- 如权利要求1所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其特征在于，在所述废旧锂电池在被所述送料机构送入所述导电输送机构的入口处，设置视觉识别系统，使所述送料机构通过所述视觉识别系统的指令将所述废旧锂电池按极位放置在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间。
- 如权利要求1所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其特征在于，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带具有导电层，所述导电层包括橡胶和导电粉，其中，所述导电粉为导电碳粉与石墨负极粉中的一种或两种的混合，所述橡胶为氟橡胶或丁腈橡胶或硫化橡胶中的一种或两种混制而成，所述导电粉占所述导电层总质量的20%－60%，所述橡胶占所述导电层总质量的30%－70%；所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的电阻率均为（5.0～18.0）×10 -6 Ω.m。
- 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其特征在于，在所述上导电履输送和所述下导电输送带外环相对的位置上，分别间隔设置多个可与废旧锂电池正负极匹配的凹陷位或挡块，使夹设于所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间的各废旧锂电池定位在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带的凹陷位或挡块内。
- 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法，其特征在于，设置风冷系统，使冷风朝向放电过程中的各所述废旧锂电池，用于降低废旧锂电池放电过程中产生的热量。
- 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电方法设计的装置，其特征在于，包括送料机构和导电输送机构，所述导电输送机构具有分别闭合呈环形带的上导电输送带和下导电输送带，待放电废旧锂电池通过所述送料机构送入所述导电输送机构，逐一呈等距间隔夹紧在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间，所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带上下间隔设置，分别由上驱动机构和下驱动机构带动同步移动，所述上导电输送带内环设有多个间隔排列且与该上导电输送带配合的导电石墨压辊，所述下导电输送带内环设有多个间隔排列且与该下导电输送带配合的导电石墨托辊；所述导电石墨压辊和导电石墨托辊与串接的可调电阻、电流表和开关连接，与夹紧在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带之间的各废旧锂电池一起形成放电回路。
- 根据权利要求6所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置，其特征在于，在所述废旧锂电池被送入所述导电输送机构的入口处，设有可使所述送料机构将所述废旧锂电池按极位放置在所述上导电输送带与所述下导电输送带之间的视觉识别系统。
- 根据权利要求6所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置，其特征在于，在所述上导电输送带和所述下导电输送带外环相对的位置上，分别间隔设有多个可与废旧锂电池正负极适配的凹陷位或挡块。
- 根据权利要求6所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置，其特征在于，所述导电输送机构在所述废旧锂电池进入的入口处设有方便各所述废旧锂电池放置的导入角，在所述废旧锂电池的出口处，设有方便放电完毕后的各所述废旧锂电池掉落的导出角。
- 根据权利要求6所述的废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置，其特征在于，还包括风冷系统，所述风冷系统具有多个可使冷风朝向所述导电输送机构中移动中的所述废旧锂电池的送风口，用于放电中的所述废旧锂电池快速降温。
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| CN214988904U (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-12-03 | 深圳清研装备科技有限公司 | 连续放电用导电输送机构及废旧锂电池连续安全放电装置 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117427724A (zh) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-23 | 河南省新乡生态环境监测中心 | 一种废旧电池破碎分选装置及工艺 |
| CN117427724B (zh) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-03-08 | 河南省新乡生态环境监测中心 | 一种废旧电池破碎分选装置及工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112022000859T5 (de) | 2023-11-23 |
| CN113097584B (zh) | 2022-06-17 |
| JP2024509414A (ja) | 2024-03-01 |
| CN113097584A (zh) | 2021-07-09 |
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