WO2022190856A1 - Dispositif d'alimentation à découpage, dispositif de commande de commutateur, dispositif embarqué et véhicule - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation à découpage, dispositif de commande de commutateur, dispositif embarqué et véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022190856A1
WO2022190856A1 PCT/JP2022/007207 JP2022007207W WO2022190856A1 WO 2022190856 A1 WO2022190856 A1 WO 2022190856A1 JP 2022007207 W JP2022007207 W JP 2022007207W WO 2022190856 A1 WO2022190856 A1 WO 2022190856A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
period
turned
power supply
switching power
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PCT/JP2022/007207
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
慎吾 橋口
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ローム株式会社
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Priority to JP2023505270A priority Critical patent/JPWO2022190856A1/ja
Publication of WO2022190856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022190856A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Definitions

  • the invention disclosed in this specification relates to a switching power supply device that steps down an input voltage to an output voltage, a switch control device, an in-vehicle device, and a vehicle.
  • the DC-DC converter proposed in Patent Document 1 has a switched capacitor circuit, and improves efficiency by turning on a high-side switch included in the switched capacitor circuit with zero-volt switching.
  • the output voltage is 1/4 of the input voltage, and if the input voltage fluctuates, the output voltage also fluctuates and the output voltage cannot be stabilized.
  • a switching power supply device disclosed in this specification includes first to fourth switches, a capacitor, and a controller configured to control on/off of each of the first to fourth switches.
  • the first switch is configured such that a first terminal of the first switch can be connected to an application terminal of an input voltage, and a second terminal of the first switch is connected to a first terminal of the second switch and a first terminal of the capacitor. configured to be connectable to
  • the second switch is configured such that the second end of the second switch is connectable to the first end of the third switch and the first end of the first inductor.
  • the third switch is configured such that a second terminal of the third switch can be connected to a low voltage application terminal lower than the input voltage.
  • the fourth switch is configured such that a first end of the fourth switch can be connected to a second end of the capacitor and a first end of a second inductor, and a second end of the fourth switch is adapted to apply the low voltage. Configured to be connectable to the ends.
  • the control unit turns on the first switch, turns off the second switch, and turns off the fourth switch for a first period, turns on the second switch, and turns off the first switch, and a second period during which the third switch is turned off and the fourth switch is turned on.
  • the switch control device disclosed in this specification is part of a switching power supply device that includes first to fourth switches and a capacitor.
  • the first switch is configured such that a first terminal of the first switch can be connected to an application terminal of an input voltage, and a second terminal of the first switch is connected to a first terminal of the second switch and a first terminal of the capacitor. configured to be connectable to
  • the second switch is configured such that the second end of the second switch is connectable to the first end of the third switch and the first end of the first inductor.
  • the third switch is configured such that a second terminal of the third switch can be connected to a low voltage application terminal lower than the input voltage.
  • the fourth switch is configured such that a first end of the fourth switch can be connected to a second end of the capacitor and a first end of a second inductor, and a second end of the fourth switch is adapted to apply the low voltage. Configured to be connectable to the ends.
  • the switch control device is configured to control on/off of each of the first to fourth switches, turning on the first switch, turning off the second switch, and turning off the fourth switch. It is configured to provide a first period and a second period during which the second switch is turned on, the first switch is turned off, the third switch is turned off, and the fourth switch is turned on.
  • the in-vehicle equipment disclosed in this specification includes the switching power supply device configured as described above or the switch control device configured as described above.
  • the vehicle disclosed in this specification includes the vehicle-mounted device configured as described above and a battery that supplies power to the vehicle-mounted device.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the current flowing through the switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is an external view showing one configuration example of the vehicle.
  • a MOS transistor is defined as a gate structure that includes a layer made of a conductor or a semiconductor such as polysilicon with a low resistance value, an insulating layer, and a P-type, N-type, or intrinsic semiconductor.
  • layer refers to a transistor consisting of at least three layers. In other words, the structure of the gate of a MOS transistor is not limited to a three-layer structure of metal, oxide, and semiconductor.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a switching power supply device according to one embodiment.
  • a switching power supply device 1 (hereinafter referred to as “switching power supply device 1") according to one embodiment is a switching power supply device that steps down an input voltage VIN to an output voltage VOUT.
  • the switching power supply device 1 includes a control unit CNT1, first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4, a capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, an output capacitor COUT, and an output feedback unit FB1.
  • a control unit CNT1 first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4
  • capacitor C1 a capacitor C1
  • first inductor L1 a first inductor L1
  • second inductor L2 an output capacitor COUT
  • an output feedback unit FB1 an output feedback unit
  • the control unit CNT1 controls ON/OFF of the first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4 based on the output of the output feedback unit FB1.
  • the control unit CNT1 is a switch control device that controls ON/OFF of the first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4.
  • the first switch SW1 is configured such that a first end can be connected to the application end of the input voltage VIN, and a second end is configured to be connectable to the first end of the capacitor C1 and the first end of the second switch SW2.
  • the first switch SW1 conducts/disconnects a current path between the application terminal of the input voltage VIN and the first connection node N1.
  • the first connection node N1 is a node to which the second end of the first switch SW1, the first end of the second switch SW2, and the first end of the capacitor C1 are connected.
  • a P-channel MOS transistor, an N-channel MOS transistor, or the like can be used as the first switch SW1.
  • the switching power supply device 1 may be provided with a bootstrap circuit or the like to generate a voltage higher than the input voltage VIN.
  • the second switch SW2 is configured such that the second end can be connected to the first end of the third switch SW3 and the first end of the first inductor L1.
  • the second switch SW2 conducts/disconnects the current path between the first connection node N1 and the third connection node N3.
  • the third connection node N3 is a node to which the second end of the second switch SW2, the first end of the third switch SW3, and the first end of the first inductor L1 are connected.
  • a P-channel MOS transistor, an N-channel MOS transistor, or the like can be used as the second switch SW2.
  • the switching power supply 1 may be provided with a bootstrap circuit or the like to generate a voltage higher than the input voltage VIN.
  • the third switch SW3 is configured so that the second end can be connected to the ground potential application end.
  • the third switch SW3 conducts/disconnects the current path between the third connection node N3 and the ground potential.
  • an N-channel MOS transistor or the like can be used as the third switch SW3.
  • the fourth switch SW4 has a first end connectable to the second end of the capacitor C1 and the first end of the second inductor L2, and a second end connectable to the ground potential application end.
  • the fourth switch SW4 conducts/disconnects the current path between the second connection node N2 and the ground potential.
  • the second connection node N2 is a node to which the second end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the fourth switch SW4, and the first end of the second inductor L2 are connected.
  • an N-channel MOS transistor or the like can be used as the fourth switch SW4.
  • the output capacitor COUT has a first end connectable to the second end of the first inductor L1, the second end of the second inductor L2, and the output terminal OUT, and the second end connectable to the ground potential application end. configured to An output voltage VOUT applied to the output terminal OUT is supplied to a load LD1 connected to the output terminal OUT.
  • the output feedback unit FB1 generates and outputs a feedback signal according to the output voltage VOUT.
  • the output feedback unit FB1 for example, a resistance voltage dividing circuit or the like that divides the output voltage VOUT by resistance to generate a feedback signal can be used. Further, for example, the output feedback unit FB1 may be configured to acquire the output voltage VOUT and output the output voltage VOUT itself as a feedback signal. In addition to the feedback signal corresponding to the output voltage VOUT, the output feedback unit FB1 also generates and outputs a feedback signal corresponding to the current flowing through the first inductor L1 and the current flowing through the second inductor L2. good too. Current mode control is enabled by the output feedback unit FB1 also generating a feedback signal according to the current flowing through the first inductor L1 and the current flowing through the second inductor L2.
  • the control unit CNT1 controls ON/OFF of the first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4. More specifically, the control unit CNT1 controls on/off of the first to fourth switches SW1 to SW4 based on the feedback signal output from the output feedback unit FB1.
  • FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of the switching power supply 1.
  • FIG. 1 the direction from one end (third connection node N3 side) of the first inductor L1 to the other end (output terminal OUT side) is defined as the positive direction of the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1.
  • the direction from one end (the second node N2 side) of the two-inductor L2 to the other end (the output terminal OUT side) is the positive direction of the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2.
  • the control unit CNT1 determines the length of the first period P1 (period from timing t1 to timing t3) and the length of the second period P2 (period from timing t3 to timing t4) according to the feedback signal output from the output feedback unit FB1. set the length of Thereby, the relationship between the input voltage VIN and the output voltage VOUT in the switching power supply device 1 can be changed.
  • the control unit CNT1 turns on the first switch SW1, turns off the second switch SW2, and turns off the fourth switch SW4.
  • a current flows from the input terminal to the output capacitor COUT and the output terminal OUT via the first switch SW1, the capacitor C1, and the second inductor L2 (see FIG. 3).
  • the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the input terminal and not electrically connected to the ground potential, so the voltage V1 at the first connection node N1 rises to 48 V, The voltage V2 of N2 rises to 24V.
  • the control unit CNT1 turns on the third switch SW3.
  • the control unit CNT1 turns off the third switch SW3.
  • the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 is zero.
  • the third switch SW3 is turned on, so the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes a negative current (see FIG. 4).
  • the voltage V3 at the third connection node N3 rises because the third switch SW3 is turned off.
  • the potential difference between both ends of the second switch SW2 when the second switch SW2 is turned ON is reduced (ideally can be set to zero, the efficiency of the switching power supply device 1 can be improved.
  • the control unit CNT1 turns on the second switch SW2, turns off the first switch SW1, turns off the third switch SW3, and turns on the fourth switch SW4.
  • a current flows from the ground potential to the output capacitor COUT and the output terminal OUT via the fourth switch SW4, the capacitor C1, the second switch SW2, and the first inductor L1 (see FIG. 5).
  • the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the ground potential and the capacitor C1 is not electrically connected to the input terminal.
  • the voltage V2 of N2 drops to 0V.
  • the control unit CNT1 continues to turn on the third switch SW3 until the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 decreases to zero, that is, until timing t6 is reached.
  • a current flows from the ground potential to the output capacitor COUT and the output terminal OUT via the third switch SW3 and the first inductor L1 (see FIG. 6). Therefore, the switching power supply device 1 includes a first current detection section (not shown) that detects the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1.
  • the first current detection unit for example, a current detection unit that indirectly detects the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 by detecting the current flowing through the third switch SW3 based on the potential difference across the third switch SW3 can be used. . This is because when the second switch SW2 is off and the third switch SW3 is on, the current flowing through the third switch SW3 can be regarded as the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1.
  • the control unit CNT1 keeps turning on the fourth switch SW4 until the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2 decreases to zero, that is, until timing t5 is reached.
  • a current flows from the ground potential to the output capacitor COUT and the output terminal OUT via the fourth switch SW4 and the second inductor L2 (see FIG. 7). Therefore, the switching power supply device 1 includes a second current detector (not shown) that detects the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2.
  • the second current detection unit for example, a current detection unit that detects the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2 by detecting the current flowing through the fourth switch SW4 based on the potential difference between both ends of the fourth switch SW4 can be used. . This is because when the first switch SW1 is off and the fourth switch SW4 is on, the current flowing through the fourth switch SW4 can be regarded as the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2.
  • the control unit CNT1 turns on the fourth switch SW4 from the end of the second period P2 until the start of the first period P1 in the next cycle, that is, before the first switch SW1 is turned on.
  • a second ON period O2 (period from timing t6 to timing t7) is provided. At the start of the second ON period O2 (timing t6), the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2 is zero. In the second ON period O2, the fourth switch SW4 is turned on, so the current IL2 flowing through the second inductor L2 becomes a negative current (see FIG. 8).
  • the fourth switch SW4 is turned off, so that the voltage V2 of the second connection node N2 rises.
  • the potential difference across the first switch SW1 when the first switch SW1 is turned on can be reduced (ideally to zero), so that the efficiency of the switching power supply 1 can be improved.
  • the controller CNT1 always turns on the fourth switch SW4 when turning on the second switch SW2 so that both ends of the capacitor Cr are in a low impedance state when turning on the second switch SW2.
  • control unit CNT1 makes the length of the first period P1 and the length of the second period P2 equal in each cycle PD in order to keep the potential difference across the capacitor Cr substantially constant.
  • FIG. 9 is an external view showing a configuration example of a vehicle in which the in-vehicle device is mounted.
  • the vehicle X of this configuration example is equipped with onboard devices X11 to X17 and a battery (not shown) that supplies power to these onboard devices X11 to X17.
  • the control unit CNT1 When the switching power supply device 1 described above is installed in the vehicle X, it is required to suppress radiation noise in the AM band so as not to adversely affect the reception of AM radio broadcasts. Therefore, it is desirable that the control unit CNT1 generates a voltage of 1.8 MHz or more and 2.1 MHz or less at the first connection node N1. That is, it is desirable to set the reciprocal (switching frequency) of the fixed value of each cycle to 1.8 MHz or more and 2.1 MHz or less. This is because if the switching frequency is less than 1.8 MHz, radiation noise in the AM band increases, and if the switching frequency is greater than 2.1 MHz, the switching loss exceeds the allowable range.
  • the in-vehicle device X11 is an engine control unit that performs engine-related controls (injection control, electronic throttle control, idling control, oxygen sensor heater control, auto-cruise control, etc.).
  • the in-vehicle device X12 is a lamp control unit that controls lighting and extinguishing of HID [high intensity discharged lamp] and DRL [daytime running lamp].
  • the in-vehicle device X13 is a transmission control unit that performs controls related to the transmission.
  • the in-vehicle device X14 is a body control unit that performs controls related to the movement of the vehicle X (ABS [anti-lock brake system] control, EPS [electric power steering] control, electronic suspension control, etc.).
  • ABS anti-lock brake system
  • EPS electric power steering
  • electronic suspension control etc.
  • the in-vehicle device X15 is a security control unit that controls driving such as door locks and security alarms.
  • In-vehicle equipment X16 is electronic equipment that is built into vehicle X at the factory shipment stage as standard equipment or manufacturer options, such as wipers, electric door mirrors, power windows, electric sunroofs, electric seats, and air conditioners.
  • the in-vehicle device X17 is an electronic device that the user arbitrarily attaches to the vehicle X, such as an in-vehicle A/V [audio/visual] device, a car navigation system, and an ETC [Electronic Toll Collection System].
  • switching power supply device 1 can be incorporated in any of the in-vehicle devices X11 to X17.
  • the potential difference across the capacitor C1 is kept constant by aligning the length of the first period P1 and the length of the second period P2 in each cycle.
  • the length of the first period P1 and the length of the second period P2 are not made the same.
  • the configuration may be such that the ratio with the length of the two periods P2 is adjusted.
  • the timing when the second switch SW2 is turned on and the timing when the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero are the same timing (timing t3), but the second switch SW2 is turned on.
  • the timing may be before the timing at which the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero, or after the timing at which the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero.
  • the second switch SW2 turns on before the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero, the second switch SW2 will not be zero volt switching. Therefore, it is desirable to turn on the second switch SW2 at the same time as the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero or after the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor L1 becomes zero.
  • the switching power supply device (1) described above is configured to control ON/OFF of each of the first to fourth switches (SW1 to SW4), the capacitor (C1), and the first to fourth switches.
  • a control unit (CNT1) wherein the first switch is configured such that a first end of the first switch can be connected to an input voltage application end, and a second end of the first switch is connected to a second switch;
  • the second switch is configured to be connectable to a first end and a first end of the capacitor, wherein the second switch connects a second end of the second switch to a first end of the third switch and a first end of the first inductor.
  • the third switch is configured such that a second end of the third switch can be connected to a low voltage application end lower than the input voltage; one end of the switch is configured to be connectable to the second end of the capacitor and the first end of the second inductor, the second end of the fourth switch is configured to be connectable to the low voltage application end, and the control unit comprises , a first period of turning on the first switch, turning off the second switch, and turning off the fourth switch; turning on the second switch, turning off the first switch, and turning off the third switch; is turned off, and a second period during which the fourth switch is turned on (first configuration).
  • the switching power supply device having the first configuration can change the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage.
  • control unit is configured to provide a first ON period for turning on the third switch before turning on the second switch (second configuration ).
  • the potential difference between both ends of the second switch can be reduced (ideally zero) when the second switch is turned on, so efficiency can be improved.
  • control section is configured to provide a second ON period for turning on the fourth switch before turning on the first switch (the 3).
  • the potential difference between both ends of the first switch can be reduced (ideally zero) when the first switch is turned on, so efficiency can be improved.
  • control section is configured to provide both the first ON period and the second ON period, and the current flowing through the first inductor at the start of the first ON period.
  • a configuration (fourth configuration) in which the current is zero and the current flowing through the second inductor at the start of the second ON period is also possible.
  • the switching power supply device having the fourth configuration can achieve even higher efficiency.
  • control unit is configured to always turn on the fourth switch when turning on the second switch (fifth configuration).
  • the switching power supply device having the fifth configuration can bring both ends of the capacitor into a low impedance state when turning on the second switch.
  • control unit is configured to match the length of the first period and the length of the second period in each period (sixth configuration).
  • the switching power supply device having the sixth configuration can keep the potential difference across the capacitor constant.
  • control section may be configured to include the first ON period within the first period (seventh configuration).
  • the first half of the first period is set as the first ON period, and the second half of the first period is set as the non-first ON period.
  • the voltage of the connection node with the third switch can be increased.
  • the switch control device (CNT1) described above includes first to fourth switches (SW1 to SW4) and a capacitor (C1).
  • the second end of the first switch is connectable to the first end of the second switch and the first end of the capacitor, and the second switch is configured to be connectable to the application end of the second switch is connectable to the first end of the third switch and the first end of the first inductor, the third switch being configured such that the second end of the third switch is lower than the input voltage;
  • a first end of the fourth switch is connectable to a second end of the capacitor and a first end of the second inductor;
  • a part of a switching power supply device wherein a second end of a switch is configured to be connectable to the low voltage application end, and is configured to control on/off of each of the first to fourth switches, a first period in which the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and the fourth switch is turned off; and the second switch is turned on, the first switch is turned off, and the third switch is turned off. and
  • the switch control device having the eighth configuration can change the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage in the switching power supply device.
  • the vehicle-mounted device described above has a configuration (ninth configuration) including the switching power supply device having any one of the first to seventh configurations or the switch control device having the eighth configuration.
  • the vehicle-mounted devices (X11 to X17) having the ninth configuration can change the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage in the switching power supply.
  • the vehicle (X) described above has a configuration (tenth configuration) including the vehicle-mounted device of the ninth configuration and a battery that supplies power to the vehicle-mounted device.
  • the vehicle having the tenth configuration can change the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage in the switching power supply.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif d'alimentation à découpage comprend des premier à quatrième commutateurs, un condensateur et une unité de commande conçue de façon à commander l'activation/la désactivation de chacun des premier à quatrième commutateurs. L'unité de commande est conçue de façon à fournir une première période pendant laquelle le premier commutateur est activé, le deuxième commutateur est désactivé et le quatrième commutateur est désactivé et une seconde période pendant laquelle le deuxième commutateur est activé, le premier commutateur est désactivé, le troisième commutateur est désactivé et le quatrième commutateur est activé.
PCT/JP2022/007207 2021-03-09 2022-02-22 Dispositif d'alimentation à découpage, dispositif de commande de commutateur, dispositif embarqué et véhicule WO2022190856A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000308337A (ja) * 1999-04-19 2000-11-02 Amada Eng Center Co Ltd 還流ダイオードの逆回復電流を防止した二相ｄｃ／ｄｃコンバータ
JP2002262551A (ja) * 2000-02-07 2002-09-13 Fiderikkusu:Kk ボルテージステップダウンｄｃ−ｄｃコンバータ
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JP2006223088A (ja) * 2005-01-14 2006-08-24 Oita Univ 多相式のスイッチングコンバータとその制御方法
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CN111682753A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-18 杭州艾诺半导体有限公司 混合功率变换器及其控制方法

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