WO2022190264A1 - 情報処理装置、分析方法およびプログラム - Google Patents
情報処理装置、分析方法およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an information processing device, an analysis method, and a program.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a quality-of-experience estimation model for estimating the quality of experience from information of distributed video has been proposed.
- ABR Adaptive Bitrate
- ABR is composed of a distribution server and a terminal.
- An image consists of audio and video (image without audio).
- the video is pre-divided into data called chunks every few seconds, each chunk is encoded at multiple bitrates considering the resolution and frame rate of the video, and stored on the distribution server.
- Audio is similarly split into chunks similar to video, encoded at multiple bitrates, and stored on distribution servers.
- a video encoded under each condition is hereinafter referred to as a representation.
- the terminal repeats the operation of selecting an appropriate representation for each chunk and requesting the selected video from the distribution server based on the network communication status, playback buffer length, and other conditions.
- the quality of experience estimation model estimates the value of the quality of experience in the range of 1 to 5 based on information such as the bit rate of the representation and the status of playback stop due to exhaustion of the playback buffer length. Based on this estimated quality of experience value, the video distributor monitors the distributed video and designs or redesigns the distribution system according to the situation. For example, if the user's QoE value is declining, the user's QoE value can be improved by changing the encoding bit rate value or candidate, or by changing the buffer length of the terminal. It can be designed or redesigned to go up.
- the disclosed technology aims to output information indicating the contribution of each index value included in the viewing history data to the quality of experience.
- the disclosed technique includes a QoE estimation unit that estimates a QoE value when any one of a plurality of index values included in video viewing history data is changed, and an information processing comprising: a contribution calculation unit that calculates the contribution of each index value included in the plurality of index values to the QoE value, and a contribution output unit that outputs information indicating the contribution based on It is a device.
- FIG. 2 is a functional configuration diagram of an information processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of contribution degree calculation processing according to Embodiment 1;
- 3 is a functional configuration diagram of an information processing apparatus according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of contribution degree calculation processing according to the second embodiment;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the hardware structural example of an information processing apparatus.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- the embodiments described below are merely examples, and embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to the following embodiments.
- the information processing apparatus calculates the contribution of each index value included in the viewing history data to the quality of experience.
- the index value is a value that serves as an index for estimating the perceived quality of the viewed video, and a combination of a plurality of values may be used as one index value.
- FIG. 1 is a functional configuration diagram of an information processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. Information processing apparatus 10 includes storage unit 11 , contribution calculation unit 12 , quality of experience estimation unit 13 , and contribution output unit 14 .
- the storage unit 11 stores various data, specifically, viewing history data.
- Viewing history data is data indicating a history of viewing videos by the user.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the contribution of each index value included in the viewing history data. Specifically, the contribution calculation unit 12 treats each index value as a player in cooperative game theory, and acquires the QoE value for each combination of game participation and non-participation of each index value from the QoE estimation unit 13 . Then, the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the Shapley value of each index value from the acquired QoE values for each combination as the contribution.
- the shapley value is determined according to the importance of each player's work as a whole when players participating in the game cooperate with each other and distribute the rewards they have earned. It is one of the fair reward calculation methods to calculate reasonable rewards [2].
- the quality of experience estimating unit 13 executes a process specified in the quality of experience estimation model to estimate the quality of experience value.
- the quality of experience estimation model is, for example, the model proposed in [1]. Let QoE est denote the estimated quality of experience value. Also, the estimated quality of experience value takes a value from 1 to 5.
- the contribution output unit 14 outputs the Shapley value of each index value calculated by the contribution calculation unit 12 as a contribution.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of contribution degree calculation processing according to the first embodiment.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 acquires viewing history data (step S101).
- viewing history data and videos to be viewed will be described.
- Video consists of audio and video (video without audio), and the bit rate used for encoding is
- B a and B v are the number of types of audio and video bit rates, respectively, b 1 a and b 1 v are the minimum bit rates,
- T time representing the length of video data.
- num stall is the number of times the playback stop occurred
- the notation is not limited to the above, and any format that can count the number of occurrences may be used.
- the viewing history data acquired in step S101 includes S a , S v , and stalling as index values.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 specifies 3, 2, 1 , 4, 5, . ].
- the contribution calculation unit 12 is all possible patterns (2T+1)! streets, ie ind 1 to ind (2T+1)! generate up to
- the quality of experience estimating unit 13 replaces the index value corresponding to the element x of ind l with a provisional value indicating non-participation in game theory, and estimates the quality of experience value (step S103).
- the initial values of both l and x are 1. where the 1st to Tth elements of the vector ind l correspond to the 1st to Tth elements of S a , and the T+1th to 2nd T elements of the vector ind l correspond to the 1st to T elements of S v It corresponds to the Tth element, and the 2T+1th element of the vector ind l corresponds to stalling.
- the QoE estimator 13 estimates in advance the QoE est in the actual viewing history data (S a , S v , stalling). Then, the QoE estimation unit 13 replaces s ta , s t v corresponding to the element i whose element of ind 1 is 1, or a temporary value when stalling does not participate, and estimates QoE. Estimate the quality of experience value QoEl ,1 in the model.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the Shapley value of each index value based on the difference between the quality of experience estimated this time and the quality of experience estimated last time (step S104). Specifically, the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the Shapley value by the following equation (1).
- step S105 determines whether or not the Shapley values have been calculated for 2T+1 index values.
- step S105: No the contribution calculation unit 12 determines that the Shapley values have not been calculated for 2T+1 index values.
- step S104 when x is 2 or more, the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the Shapley value by the following equation (2).
- step S105 determines whether or not the Shapley values of all ind l have been calculated. If the contribution calculation unit 12 determines that there is an ind l for which the Shapley value has not been calculated (step S107: No), it adds 1 to l (step S108), and returns to the process of step S103.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 determines that the Shapley values of all ind l have been calculated (step S107: Yes), it calculates the average value of all the calculated Shapley values for each index value as the contribution (step S109 ). Specifically, the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates the average Shapley value of each index value by dividing the Shapley value of each index value added by Equation (1) or Equation (2) by 2T+1. .
- the contribution output unit 14 outputs information indicating the calculated contribution (step S110).
- the viewing history data is as follows.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 generates the following vectors.
- the contribution calculation unit 12 calculates 11! Generate street ind l .
- ind1 [2, 1 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
- ind2 [3, 2 , 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 11], ...
- the contribution calculation unit 12 adds to the second element of shap by calculation according to formula (1).
- the contribution calculation unit 12 adds to the first element of shap by calculation according to formula (1).
- the contribution calculation unit 12 adds to the third element of shap by calculation according to formula (1).
- the contribution calculation unit 12 performs calculation for ind2 .
- cooperative game theory is applied to output information indicating the degree of contribution of each index value included in the viewing history data to the quality of experience.
- non-participation in a cooperative game theory replaces each element of S a and S v with a provisional value when the lowest bit rate is selected.
- the temporary value may be other. For example, it may be replaced with a temporary value when the highest bit rate is selected.
- non-participation in the game means replacing each element of S a and S v with a provisional value when the highest bit rate is selected.
- Embodiment 2 will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- the short-term quality of experience value at each time calculated based on S a and S v is used as the index value. It differs from form 1. Therefore, in the following description of the second embodiment, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. The same reference numerals as the reference numerals are given, and the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of an information processing device according to the second embodiment.
- Information processing apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment further includes short-time quality of experience estimation unit 15 in addition to information processing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the short-term quality of experience estimating unit 15 executes the process specified in the quality of experience estimation model, and calculates the short-term quality of experience value at each time based on the elements s ta and s tv of S a and S v . Estimate q t a , q t v [1].
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of contribution degree calculation processing according to the second embodiment.
- the process of step S201 of the contribution calculation process according to the present embodiment is the same as step S101 of the contribution calculation process according to the first embodiment.
- the short-time quality of experience estimation unit 15 estimates a short-time quality of experience value at each time (step S202).
- the estimation results include q ta , q tv , and stalling as index values. Note that q ta and q tv are values obtained by estimating the short-term quality of experience value at each time based on s ta and s tv , respectively.
- the quality of experience estimation unit 13 estimates the quality of experience QoE est based on q ta and q tv in advance [1].
- steps S203 to S211 of the contribution calculation process according to the present embodiment is performed in step S102 of the contribution calculation process according to the first embodiment, except that the index values are q t a , q t v , and stalling. - Same as S110.
- the information processing apparatus 10 it is possible to output information indicating the degree of contribution using the estimated value of the QoE for a short time as an index value. As a result, it is possible to understand the influence of short-term quality of experience values on the overall quality of experience values, and use this as a reference for designing or redesigning a video distribution system.
- non-participation in a cooperative game theory game is replaced with a temporary value when q ta and q tv are set to 1, which is the lowest short-term quality of experience value.
- the temporary value may be other.
- they may be replaced with temporary values when q ta and q tv are each set to 5, which is the highest short-term quality of experience value.
- non-participation in the game represents replacement with temporary values when q ta and q tv are set to 5, which is the highest short-time quality of experience value.
- the Shapley values that are output are all 0 or less, and the difference from the highest state (the highest short-term quality of experience value and no playback stop) is calculated. You will be able to see how much each index value is lowering the QoE compared to the best state.
- the information processing apparatus 10 can be realized, for example, by causing a computer to execute a program describing the processing details described in the present embodiment.
- this "computer” may be a physical machine or a virtual machine on the cloud.
- the "hardware” described here is virtual hardware.
- the above program can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium (portable memory, etc.), saved, or distributed. It is also possible to provide the above program through a network such as the Internet or e-mail.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of the computer.
- the computer of FIG. 5 has a drive device 1000, an auxiliary storage device 1002, a memory device 1003, a CPU 1004, an interface device 1005, a display device 1006, an input device 1007, an output device 1008, etc., which are connected to each other via a bus B, respectively.
- a program that implements the processing in the computer is provided by a recording medium 1001 such as a CD-ROM or memory card, for example.
- a recording medium 1001 such as a CD-ROM or memory card
- the program is installed from the recording medium 1001 to the auxiliary storage device 1002 via the drive device 1000 .
- the program does not necessarily need to be installed from the recording medium 1001, and may be downloaded from another computer via the network.
- the auxiliary storage device 1002 stores installed programs, as well as necessary files and data.
- the memory device 1003 reads and stores the program from the auxiliary storage device 1002 when a program activation instruction is received.
- the CPU 1004 implements functions related to the device according to programs stored in the memory device 1003 .
- the interface device 1005 is used as an interface for connecting to the network.
- a display device 1006 displays a GUI (Graphical User Interface) or the like by a program.
- An input device 1007 is composed of a keyboard, a mouse, buttons, a touch panel, or the like, and is used to input various operational instructions.
- the output device 1008 outputs the calculation result.
- Non-Patent Document 1 K. Yamagishi and T. Hayashi, "Parametric Quality-Estimation Model for Adaptive-Bitrate Streaming Services," IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1545-1557, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/ TMM.2017.2669859.
- Non-Patent Document 1 I. Mann, LS Shapley, Values for large games IV: Evaluating the electoral college by Monte Carlo techniques, Technical report, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, 1960.
- This specification describes at least the information processing device, the analysis method, and the program described in each of the following items.
- (Section 1) a quality of experience estimation unit that estimates a quality of experience value by replacing one of a plurality of index values included in video viewing history data with a temporary value; a contribution calculation unit that calculates the contribution of each index value included in the plurality of index values to the quality of experience value based on the estimated quality of experience value; A contribution output unit that outputs information indicating the contribution, Information processing equipment.
- the contribution calculation unit calculates a Shapley value in cooperative game theory when each index value is a player, as a contribution.
- the information processing device according to item 1.
- the plurality of index values include values obtained by encoding data obtained by dividing the video at one of a plurality of predetermined bit rates,
- the quality of experience estimating unit replaces any of the encoded values with a value when encoded at the lowest bit rate or the highest bit rate among a plurality of predetermined bit rates, and calculates the quality of experience. Estimate a value, The information processing device according to item 1 or item 2.
- the plurality of index values include values based on the time at which playback of the video is stopped or the number of times playback is stopped,
- the quality of experience estimating unit replaces the value based on the time when the reproduction of the video is stopped or the number of times the reproduction is stopped with the value when the reproduction of the video is not stopped, and calculates the QoE value.
- the information processing apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 3.
- a short-time quality-of-experience estimation unit that estimates a short-time quality-of-experience value at each time based on data obtained by encoding the data obtained by dividing the video at one of a plurality of predetermined bit rates, wherein the plurality of index values includes the estimated short-term quality of experience value;
- the information processing apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 4.
- the quality of experience estimation unit replaces any of the estimated short-term quality of experience values with the lowest possible value or the highest possible value to estimate the quality of experience value.
- the information processing device according to Item 5.
- (Section 7) A computer implemented method comprising: a step of estimating a quality of experience value by replacing one of a plurality of index values included in video viewing history data with a temporary value; calculating the degree of contribution of each index value included in the plurality of index values to the quality of experience value based on the estimated quality of experience value; and outputting information indicating the degree of contribution; Analysis method.
- (Section 8) A program for causing a computer to function as each unit in the information processing apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 6.
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Abstract
Description
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態1について説明する。以下で説明する実施の形態は一例に過ぎず、本発明が適用される実施の形態は、以下の実施の形態に限られるわけではない。
上述した各処理における計算の具体例について説明する。音声ビットレートとビデオビットレートとして以下が用意されているものとし、それを用いて符号化された映像があるものとする。
以下に図面を参照して、実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2は、指標値としてSaまたはSvの各要素に代えて、SaおよびSvを元に計算した各時刻の短時間の体感品質値を指標値とする点が、実施の形態1と相違する。よって、以下の実施の形態2の説明では、実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1と同様の機能構成を有するものには、実施の形態1の説明で用いた符号と同様の符号を付与し、その説明を省略する。
情報処理装置10は、例えば、コンピュータに、本実施の形態で説明する処理内容を記述したプログラムを実行させることにより実現可能である。なお、この「コンピュータ」は、物理マシンであってもよいし、クラウド上の仮想マシンであってもよい。仮想マシンを使用する場合、ここで説明する「ハードウェア」は仮想的なハードウェアである。
[1] K. Yamagishi and T. Hayashi, "Parametric Quality-Estimation Model for Adaptive-Bitrate Streaming Services," IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1545-1557, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2017.2669859.(非特許文献1)
[2] I. Mann, L.S. Shapley, Values for large games IV: Evaluating the electoral college by Monte Carlo techniques, Technical report, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, 1960.
本明細書には、少なくとも下記の各項に記載した情報処理装置、分析方法およびプログラムが記載されている。
(第1項)
映像の視聴履歴データに含まれる複数の指標値のいずれかの指標値を仮の値に置き換えて体感品質値を推定する体感品質推定部と、
推定された前記体感品質値に基づいて、前記複数の指標値に含まれる各指標値の体感品質値への貢献度を算出する貢献度算出部と、
前記貢献度を示す情報を出力する貢献度出力部と、を備える、
情報処理装置。
(第2項)
前記貢献度算出部は、各指標値をプレイヤーとした場合の協力ゲーム理論におけるshapley値を貢献度として算出する、
第1項に記載の情報処理装置。
(第3項)
前記複数の指標値は、前記映像を分割したデータを、所定の複数のビットレートのいずれかで符号化された値を含み、
前記体感品質推定部は、符号化された前記値のいずれかを、所定の複数のビットレートのうちの最低のビットレートまたは最高のビットレートで符号化された場合の値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
第1項または第2項に記載の情報処理装置。
(第4項)
前記複数の指標値は、前記映像の再生停止が発生した時間または再生停止が発生した回数に基づく値を含み、
前記体感品質推定部は、前記映像の再生停止が発生した時間または再生停止が発生した回数に基づく前記値を、前記映像の再生停止が発生しなかった場合の値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
第1項から第3項のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置。
(第5項)
前記映像を分割したデータを、所定の複数のビットレートのいずれかで符号化されたデータに基づいて、各時刻の短時間の体感品質値を推定する短時間体感品質推定部をさらに備え、
前記複数の指標値は、推定された前記短時間の体感品質値を含む、
第1項から第4項のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置。
(第6項)
前記体感品質推定部は、推定された前記短時間の体感品質値のいずれかを、取り得る最も低い値または取り得る最も高い値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
第5項に記載の情報処理装置。
(第7項)
コンピュータが実行する方法であって、
映像の視聴履歴データに含まれる複数の指標値のいずれかの指標値を仮の値に置き換えて体感品質値を推定するステップと、
推定された前記体感品質値に基づいて、前記複数の指標値に含まれる各指標値の体感品質値への貢献度を算出するステップと、
前記貢献度を示す情報を出力するステップと、を備える、
分析方法。
(第8項)
コンピュータを第1項から第6のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置における各部として機能させるためのプログラム。
11 記憶部
12 貢献度算出部
13 体感品質推定部
14 貢献度出力部
15 短時間体感品質推定部
Claims (8)
- 映像の視聴履歴データに含まれる複数の指標値のいずれかの指標値を仮の値に置き換えて体感品質値を推定する体感品質推定部と、
推定された前記体感品質値に基づいて、前記複数の指標値に含まれる各指標値の体感品質値への貢献度を算出する貢献度算出部と、
前記貢献度を示す情報を出力する貢献度出力部と、を備える、
情報処理装置。 - 前記貢献度算出部は、各指標値をプレイヤーとした場合の協力ゲーム理論におけるshapley値を貢献度として算出する、
請求項1に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記複数の指標値は、前記映像を分割したデータを、所定の複数のビットレートのいずれかで符号化された値を含み、
前記体感品質推定部は、符号化された前記値のいずれかを、所定の複数のビットレートのうちの最低のビットレートまたは最高のビットレートで符号化された場合の値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
請求項1または2に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記複数の指標値は、前記映像の再生停止が発生した時間または再生停止が発生した回数に基づく値を含み、
前記体感品質推定部は、前記映像の再生停止が発生した時間または再生停止が発生した回数に基づく前記値を、前記映像の再生停止が発生しなかった場合の値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記映像を分割したデータを、所定の複数のビットレートのいずれかで符号化されたデータに基づいて、各時刻の短時間の体感品質値を推定する短時間体感品質推定部をさらに備え、
前記複数の指標値は、推定された前記短時間の体感品質値を含む、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記体感品質推定部は、推定された前記短時間の体感品質値のいずれかを、取り得る最も低い値または取り得る最も高い値に置き換えて、体感品質値を推定する、
請求項5に記載の情報処理装置。 - コンピュータが実行する方法であって、
映像の視聴履歴データに含まれる複数の指標値のいずれかの指標値を仮の値に置き換えて体感品質値を推定するステップと、
推定された前記体感品質値に基づいて、前記複数の指標値に含まれる各指標値の体感品質値への貢献度を算出するステップと、
前記貢献度を示す情報を出力するステップと、を備える、
分析方法。 - コンピュータを請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の情報処理装置における各部として機能させるためのプログラム。
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Title |
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FUKUDOME, DAIKI; KITADA, HIROYUKI; MASAAKI, KUROZUMI; SAYAKA, NISHIDE; SATOSHI, NISHIMURA; TAKAFUMI, OKUYAMA; XIAOTIAN, ZHAO; MASA: "B-8-10 Study of ABR delivery method with cooperative control based on QoE estimation ", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2020 SOCIETY CONFERENCE OF IEICE; ONLINE; SEPTEMBER 15-18, 2020, vol. 2, 1 September 2020 (2020-09-01) - 18 September 2020 (2020-09-18), pages 57, XP009540769 * |
K. YAMAGISHIT. HAYASHI: "Parametric Quality-Estimation Model for Adaptive-Bitrate Streaming Services", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, vol. 19, no. 7, 2017, pages 1545 - 1557, XP011653824, DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2017.2669859 |
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