WO2022190236A1 - 回転電機の短絡検知装置 - Google Patents
回転電機の短絡検知装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190236A1 WO2022190236A1 PCT/JP2021/009461 JP2021009461W WO2022190236A1 WO 2022190236 A1 WO2022190236 A1 WO 2022190236A1 JP 2021009461 W JP2021009461 W JP 2021009461W WO 2022190236 A1 WO2022190236 A1 WO 2022190236A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
Definitions
- This application relates to a short-circuit detection device for rotating electric machines.
- a probe with a built-in pickup coil is used to detect changes in field magnetic flux due to a short circuit in the field winding of a rotor. detected by The probe has a mechanism that allows it to slide radially through cooling ventilation ducts provided axially of the stator core so as not to interfere with the rotor's withdrawal or reinsertion. During operation of the rotating electrical machine, the probes are extended and fixed within the air gap so as to be close to the rotor.
- Patent Document 1 requires a movable mechanism that allows the probe to slide, and a probe structure that has sufficient strength against vibrations caused by cooling airflow flowing in the gap between the stator and the rotor.
- a complicated and large-sized configuration is required.
- the present application discloses a technology for solving the above problems, and a short-circuit detection device for a rotating electric machine that can reliably detect a short-circuit in the field winding of a rotor with a small and simple configuration. intended to provide
- a short-circuit detection device for a rotating electric machine disclosed in the present application includes magnetic detectors arranged facing field windings provided in a plurality of slots of a rotor of the rotating electric machine, and signals from the magnetic detectors. and a signal processor for processing to detect a short circuit in the field winding.
- the magnetic detector is arranged inside a stator provided with an air gap with respect to the rotor.
- the signal processing device includes a signal acquisition unit that acquires a voltage signal, which is the signal from the magnetic detector, and decomposes the voltage signal acquired by the signal acquisition unit into a plurality of frequency components of different orders.
- a signal decomposition unit using an order lower than a fundamental order of slot harmonics, which are harmonics correlated with the pitches of the plurality of slots, as a threshold, odd-numbered frequency components among the plurality of frequency components, and the threshold; a specific frequency component reduction unit that reduces even-order frequency components higher than the specific frequency component reduction unit; a signal conversion unit that converts a plurality of frequency components output from the specific frequency component reduction unit into a voltage signal; The generated voltage signal is divided for each angle in the circumferential direction of the rotor corresponding to each of the plurality of magnetic poles of the rotor, and differential waveforms of voltage signals corresponding to adjacent magnetic poles among the plurality of magnetic poles are generated. and a short-circuit detection unit that detects a short-circuit in the field winding based on the shape of the differential waveform and estimates at which position in the circumferential direction of the rotor the short-circuit occurs.
- a short-circuit in the field winding of the rotor can be reliably detected with a small and simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a rotating electrical machine and a short-circuit detection device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the positions of search coils according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the range of positions of the search coil according to Embodiment 1 according to the magnetic flux density;
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a voltage signal acquired by a signal acquisition section according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency spectrum of the amplitude component of the voltage signal frequency-analyzed by the signal decomposing unit according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram showing a frequency spectrum of an amplitude component after reduction processing by a specific frequency component reduction section according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a voltage signal converted by a signal converter according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing differential waveforms obtained by the short-circuit detection unit according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing differential waveforms obtained by a short-circuit detection unit according to a comparative example;
- 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of hardware that implements each function of the signal processing device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing another example of hardware that implements each function of the signal processing device according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a rotating electric machine and a short-circuit detection device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a rotating electric machine and a short-circuit detection device according to Embodiment 1.
- a turbine generator 10 is employed as the rotating electric machine.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the turbogenerator 10 perpendicular to the axial direction of the turbogenerator 10 .
- the turbine generator 10 includes a stator 20 as an armature and a rotor 30 as a magnetic field.
- the stator 20 has a cylindrical stator core 21 and multiphase windings 22 .
- the stator 20 is provided outside the rotor 30 .
- the axial direction of the stator core 21 is the direction along the axis of the stator core 21 and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
- the radial direction of the stator core 21 is the radial direction of a circle centered on the axis of the stator core 21 .
- the circumferential direction of the stator core 21 is a direction along an arc around the axial center of the stator core 21 .
- a plurality of stator slots 23 are formed in the inner peripheral portion of the stator core 21 .
- Each stator slot 23 is formed along the radial direction of the stator core 21 .
- the plurality of stator slots 23 are arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction of the stator core 21 .
- the total number of stator slots 23 is 84.
- Multiphase windings 22 are wound around the plurality of stator slots 23 .
- the rotor 30 has a rotor core 31, a field winding 32, and a rotating shaft (not shown).
- the rotor core 31 and the rotating shaft are arranged coaxially with the stator core 21 .
- the rotor 30 is rotatable around the rotation axis.
- the axial direction of the rotor core 31 is the direction along the axis O of the rotor core 31 and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
- the radial direction of the rotor core 31 is the radial direction of a circle centered on the axis O of the rotor core 31 .
- the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31 is a direction along an arc centered on the axis O of the rotor core 31 .
- a plurality of rotor slots 33 are formed in the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 31 .
- Each rotor slot 33 is formed along the radial direction of the rotor core 31 .
- the multiple rotor slots 33 are divided into a first slot group 34 and a second slot group 35 .
- the first slot group 34 and the second slot group 35 each include 16 rotor slots 33 . That is, the total number of rotor slots 33 is 32.
- the plurality of rotor slots 33 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31 at equal pitches.
- the pitch of the rotor slots 33 is the distance between the centers in the width direction of two adjacent rotor slots 33 in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31 .
- the pitch of the rotor slots 33 in Embodiment 1 is 7.42° when represented by the circumferential angle of the rotor core 31 .
- the pitch of each rotor slot 33 will be referred to as rotor slot pitch Sp.
- a first magnetic pole 36 and a second magnetic pole 37 are formed between the first slot group 34 and the second slot group 35 .
- a dashed line passing through the axis O of the rotor core 31, the center of the first magnetic pole 36 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30, and the center of the second magnetic pole 37 is hereinafter referred to as the magnetic pole center line C1.
- the first slot group 34 and the second slot group 35 are arranged symmetrically about the magnetic pole center line C1.
- the dashed-dotted line passing through the axial center O of the rotor core 31, the center of the first slot group 34 in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31, and the center of the second slot group 35 is hereinafter referred to as the inter-polar center line C2. called.
- Each of the plurality of rotor slots 33 is called a first slot, a second slot, .
- each of the plurality of rotor slots 33 is called a first slot, a second slot, .
- a field winding 32 is wound around the plurality of rotor slots 33 so as to reciprocate between the first slot group 34 and the second slot group 35 with the magnetic pole center line C1 interposed therebetween. Portions of the field winding 32 located in adjacent rotor slots 33 are connected in series with each other.
- the field winding 32 is DC-excited by an external power supply (not shown). As a result, one of the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 becomes the N pole, and the other becomes the S pole. That is, the turbogenerator 10 is a two-pole generator.
- a gap 40 is formed between the stator core 21 and the rotor core 31 .
- the multiphase winding 22 is AC-excited by an external power source (not shown). A rotating magnetic field is thereby generated in the air gap 40 .
- the short-circuit detection device 100 detects a short-circuit in the field winding 32 of the turbine generator 10, and includes a search coil 50 as a magnetic detector, a signal processing device 60 that processes detection signals from the search coil 50, and a display device 70 .
- a search coil 50 is arranged inside the stator 20 , in this case fixed in one stator slot 23 of the stator core 21 . Also, the search coil 50 faces the field winding 32 with the air gap 40 therebetween.
- the search coil 50 is interlinked with the main magnetic flux and the leakage magnetic flux.
- the main magnetic flux is the magnetic flux generated in the air gap 40
- the leakage magnetic flux is the magnetic flux leaking from each rotor slot 33 .
- the magnetic flux that links the search coil 50 is called flux linkage.
- the search coil 50 has a first terminal 51 and a second terminal 52 .
- a voltage signal which is a detection signal, is induced between the first terminal 51 and the second terminal 52 .
- the distribution of the interlinkage magnetic flux within the search coil 50 varies as the rotor 30 rotates.
- the signal processing device 60 includes a signal acquisition unit 61, a signal decomposition unit 62, a specific frequency component reduction unit 63, a signal conversion unit 64, and a short circuit detection unit 65 as functional blocks.
- the signal acquisition unit 61 acquires the voltage signal induced in the search coil 50.
- the signal decomposing unit 62 decomposes the voltage signal acquired by the signal acquiring unit 61 into a plurality of frequency components of different orders. Further, the signal decomposing unit 62 separates each decomposed frequency component into amplitude and phase.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 sets the order of the frequency component lower than the fundamental order of the slot harmonic as the threshold.
- Slot harmonics are harmonics that are correlated to the rotor slot pitch Sp.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 reduces odd-order frequency components and even-order frequency components higher than the threshold, among the separated amplitudes.
- the signal conversion unit 64 integrates the phase and the amplitude obtained after the reduction processing by the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 for each order of the frequency component, thereby converting it into a voltage signal after reduction of the specific frequency component.
- the short-circuit detection unit 65 divides the converted voltage signal after the reduction of the specific frequency component for each angle in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 corresponding to the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 of the rotor 30 . Furthermore, the short-circuit detector 65 generates differential waveforms of voltage signals corresponding to the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 . Based on the shape of the difference waveform, the short-circuit detection unit 65 detects a short-circuit of the field winding 32, and detects at which position in the rotor 30 the short-circuit of the field winding 32 occurs in the circumferential direction. to estimate whether
- the short-circuit detection unit 65 outputs to the display device 70 information regarding whether or not a short-circuit has occurred in the field winding 32 and the position of the rotor slot 33 in which the short-circuit has occurred.
- the display device 70 is provided outside the signal processing device 60 .
- the display device 70 displays the presence or absence of a short circuit in the field winding 32 and the position of the rotor slot 33 where the short circuit occurs based on the information from the short circuit detector 65 . Note that the display device 70 may be provided outside the short circuit detection device 100 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the position of the search coil 50.
- search coil 50 is fixed to stator wedge 24 inside stator slot 23 sandwiched between two teeth 25 .
- the stator wedges 24 are made of a nonmagnetic material and are filled outside (open side) of the multiphase windings 22 inside the stator slots 23 .
- the search coils 50 are also arranged outside the multiphase windings 22 inside the stator slots 23 .
- the radial position of the opening surface of the stator slot 23, that is, the radial distance y from the radial position of the tooth tip 21A to the arrangement position of the search coil 50 is the multiphase winding from the radial position of the tooth tip 21A. is less than the radial distance d to the surface of 22, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ d.
- the stator core 21 gradually becomes magnetically saturated. Since the magnetic flux leaks from the magnetically saturated stator core 21 to the stator slot 23, the change in the magnetic flux amount of the main magnetic flux, which is unrelated to the short-circuiting of the field winding 32, is more important than the change in the magnetic flux amount caused by the short circuit. influence will be greater. Therefore, it becomes difficult to accurately detect the occurrence of a short circuit or the position of the rotor slot 33 where the short circuit occurs.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the range of positions of the search coil according to the magnetic flux density.
- the current of the field winding 32 is gradually increased, and under the condition that the stator core 21 is magnetically saturated, the magnetic flux density , the position range Sxy of the search coil 50 with respect to .
- the vertical axis represents the maximum magnetic flux density x[T] (T: Tesla) at the tooth tip 21A.
- the horizontal axis is the ratio (y/d) of the radial distance y to the arrangement position of the search coil 50 with respect to the radial distance d to the surface of the multiphase winding 22, with the tooth tip 21A as a reference for the radial position. is expressed as a percentage %.
- the search coil 50 is arranged in a range where the ratio (y/d) is between 0 and 100% and is further restricted by the function f(x) of the maximum magnetic flux density x.
- This positional range Sxy indicates the positional range of the search coil 50 inside the stator slot 23 in which no erroneous detection of a short circuit occurs. It is obtained by simulating the state. That is, the function f(x) is set so as not to erroneously detect the short circuit of the field winding 32 under the condition that the stator core 21 is magnetically saturated.
- erroneous detection means erroneously detecting the occurrence of a short circuit in the field winding 32 and the position of the short circuit, the details of which will be described later.
- the ratio (y/d) indicating the position of the search coil 50 may be anywhere from 0 to 100%.
- the short-circuited portion of the field winding 32 can be estimated without erroneous detection.
- the position of the search coil 50 must be adjusted to estimate the location of the short circuit normally without erroneous detection.
- the ratio (y/d) shown is less than 20%.
- the search coil 50 is located at the slot opening where there is little magnetic material around and the magnetic flux amount change due to the short circuit in the field winding 32 is large. placed nearby.
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the voltage signal acquired by the signal acquisition section 61.
- This waveform diagram was obtained by simulating the no-load operation state of the turbine generator 10 of FIG. 1 using an electromagnetic field analysis program. The simulation is performed under the condition that, for example, one turn of the field winding 32 is short-circuited in the second slot on the first magnetic pole 36 side. Therefore, in the example described below based on the waveform diagram of FIG. 4, the field winding 32 is short-circuited by one turn in the second slot on the first magnetic pole 36 side.
- a circumferential angle of 0° to 180° corresponds to the first magnetic pole 36
- a circumferential angle of 180° to 360° corresponds to the second magnetic pole 37. Therefore, the center of the first magnetic pole 36 is closest to the search coil 50 at a circumferential angle of 90°, and the center of the second magnetic pole 37 is closest to the search coil 50 at a circumferential angle of 270°.
- 32 fine voltage fluctuations occur at every rotor slot pitch Sp, that is, 7.42°.
- FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency spectrum of the amplitude component of the voltage signal frequency-analyzed by the signal decomposing unit 62.
- FIG. The horizontal axis is the order n of harmonics, and one peak of the bar graph in the figure is the first order.
- FIG. 5 shows harmonics up to the 110th order. n is an integer of 1 or more. It should be noted that harmonics of the 111st order and higher are not shown because their amplitudes are small.
- the vertical axis indicates the voltage intensity of harmonics of each order.
- the voltage intensity of odd-order harmonics is greater than the voltage intensity of even-order harmonics. Odd harmonics occur regardless of whether the field winding 32 is shorted or not. On the other hand, even harmonics are generated when the field winding 32 is short-circuited.
- the voltage intensity of the first-order harmonic is particularly large.
- the first harmonic also called the fundamental wave, is the frequency component of the main magnetic flux.
- the 47th harmonic has a higher voltage intensity than the surrounding harmonics.
- the 47th harmonic is a slot harmonic and has a correlation with the rotor slot pitch Sp.
- the 47th order is the fundamental order of slot harmonics. Slot harmonics are generated by the difference between the primary magnetomotive force in the rotor 30 and the permeance change of the rotor slot pitch Sp. Permeance is the conversion factor from magnetomotive force to magnetic flux density. In this case, the difference 47 between the magnetomotive force order and the permeance order is the slot harmonic order.
- the 48th and higher harmonics are harmonics corresponding to pitches narrower than the rotor slot pitch Sp, that is, angles smaller than the rotor slot pitch Sp in the circumferential direction. Frequency components corresponding to angles smaller than the rotor slot pitch Sp are not necessary components for estimating the short-circuit position of the field winding 32 . Therefore, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 selects an order smaller than the 47th order as the order of the threshold for removing even-order frequency components. Then, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 removes all even-order frequency components that are greater than the selected threshold.
- the voltage intensity of slot harmonics is higher than the voltage intensity of odd-order frequency components close to slot harmonics. Therefore, even-numbered frequency components closer to the order of the slot harmonics are more likely to be affected by the slot harmonics and become unstable. Therefore, it is more preferable to set the threshold so as to remove even-order frequency components that are susceptible to slot harmonics.
- odd-order frequency components are a factor that hinders detection of even-order frequency components.
- the odd-order frequency components contain the information necessary to specify the circumferential angle. Specifically, by including odd-numbered frequency components, it is possible to determine on which magnetic pole side the short circuit has occurred. Therefore, it is not desirable to completely remove odd-order frequency components in order to estimate the short-circuit position of the field winding 32 . Therefore, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 attenuates rather than completely removes the odd-order frequency components.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 sets the threshold to 12, and removes even-numbered frequency components equal to or higher than the 14th order.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 attenuates all odd-order frequency components, in this case, attenuates or removes odd-numbered 11th and lower frequencies to 1/50, and odd-ordered 13th and higher to almost zero.
- reducing frequency components includes removing frequency components and attenuating frequency components.
- FIG. 6 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency spectrum of the amplitude component after reduction processing by the specific frequency component reduction section 63.
- FIG. 6 the frequency spectrum of the amplitude component output from the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 includes even-order frequency components from the 2nd order to the 12th order and attenuated odd-order frequency components.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 reduces even-order frequency components higher than the threshold, which are orders lower than the fundamental order of the slot harmonics, and odd-order frequency components. Factors that interfere with detection of shorts on line 32 can be reduced. Thereby, the detection accuracy of a short circuit can be improved.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the voltage signal converted by the signal converter 64.
- the signal conversion unit 64 integrates the phase and the amplitude after reduction processing by the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 for each order of the frequency component, and converts them into a voltage signal. Since the converted voltage signal does not contain slot harmonic components, as shown in FIG. 7, the voltage fluctuation period is longer than that of the voltage signal shown in FIG. In other words, the detailed waveform of the rotor slot pitch Sp does not appear in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing differential waveforms obtained by the short-circuit detector 65.
- the voltage signal converted by the signal converter 64 is input to the short-circuit detector 65 .
- the short-circuit detection unit 65 divides the input voltage signal for each circumferential angle of the rotor 30 corresponding to the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 of the rotor 30 . Since the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 have different polarities, the waveform from 0° to 180° corresponding to the first magnetic pole 36 and the waveform from 180° to 360° corresponding to the second magnetic pole 37 to generate a differential waveform of each voltage signal corresponding to the first magnetic pole 36 and the second magnetic pole 37 . That is, the differential waveform shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by dividing the waveform shown in FIG. 7 into left and right parts and adding them together.
- a peak waveform P1 due to one wave of the peak voltage in the positive direction appears at the position of 50°
- a peak waveform P2 due to one wave of the peak voltage in the negative direction appears at the position of 130°.
- “one wave” is from the circumferential angle at which the voltage absolute value is the smallest on one side of the peak voltage to the circumferential angle at which the voltage absolute value is the smallest on the other side of the peak voltage. is one waveform in the range W ⁇ of .
- the vertical dashed line in FIG. 8 represents the circumferential angle from the first slot to the eighth slot.
- the dashed line closest to 90° corresponding to the center of the magnetic pole is the first slot, and the dashed line closest to 0° and 180° is the eighth slot.
- the interval between adjacent dashed lines corresponds to the rotor slot pitch Sp.
- the appearance of the peak waveforms P1 and P2 in the range W ⁇ wider than the rotor slot pitch Sp in the differential waveform indicates that the field winding 32 is short-circuited.
- Both the 50° peak voltage and the 130° peak voltage are closest to the dashed lines ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 representing the second slots. Based on this result, the short-circuit detector 65 estimates that the field winding 32 is short-circuited in the second slot.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing differential waveforms obtained by a short-circuit detection unit according to a comparative example.
- the comparative example shown in FIG. 9 shows the case where the stator core 21 is magnetically saturated, and peak waveforms PP1 and PP2 having peak voltages at circumferential angles other than the second slot where the short circuit originally occurs are generated.
- the peak voltages of the peak waveforms PP1 and PP2 are closer to the dashed line of the first slot than the dashed lines ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 representing the second slot, indicating that the field winding 32 is short-circuited in the first slot.
- an erroneous determination that a short circuit occurs in a slot that is not originally shorted that is, an erroneous detection of a short circuit position.
- the conditions under which erroneous detection does not occur are the angles of the peak voltages of the peak waveforms P1 and P2 wider than the rotor slot pitch Sp appearing in the differential waveform obtained by the short circuit detection unit 65, and the rotor slot where the short circuit actually occurs. 33 angle is less than 1/2 of the rotor slot pitch Sp. When this difference becomes 1/2 or more of the rotor slot pitch Sp, it is erroneously detected as if a short circuit has occurred in an adjacent slot that is not originally short-circuited or in an adjacent slot.
- the search coil 50 since the search coil 50 is arranged inside the stator slot 23, it does not become an obstacle when the rotor 30 is attached or detached. not be directly exposed to high-velocity circulating cooling air currents. Therefore, the search coil 50 does not require a movable and complicated probe, nor does it require a robust and large-sized probe that can withstand vibrations caused by the cooling airflow. For example, it is possible to construct a simple probe that is protected by a thin plate hardened with resin and fixed to the stator wedge 24 by adhesion or the like. Therefore, the short circuit detection device 100 can reliably detect the short circuit of the field winding 32 of the rotor 30 with a small and simple configuration.
- a fixing jig may be interposed between the stator wedge 24 and the search coil 50 .
- the search coil 50 has a range in which the distance to the radial position of the tooth tip 21A in the stator slot 23 decreases as the maximum magnetic flux density at the tooth tip 21A of the stator 20 accompanying the rotation of the rotor 30 increases. placed in Therefore, even under operating conditions of the turbine generator 10 where the magnetic flux density is high, it is possible to reliably detect at which position in the rotor 30 the short circuit of the field winding 32 occurs in the circumferential direction.
- the ratio (y/d) of the radial distance y to the position of the search coil 50 with respect to the radial distance d to the surface of the multiphase winding 22, with the tooth tip 21A as a reference for the radial position is 0 to 100. %, the search coil 50 is arranged in a range further restricted by the function f(x) of the maximum magnetic flux density x. That is, by arranging the search coil 50 in the position range Sxy shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to easily and reliably detect a short circuit in the field winding 32 with high reliability.
- the number of stator slots 23, the number of rotor slots 33, the number of magnetic poles 36 and 37, and the rotor slot pitch Sp are not limited to the above examples.
- the short circuit detection section 65 should generate a differential waveform as follows.
- the short-circuit detection unit 65 first divides the voltage signal converted by the signal conversion unit 64 for each angle in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 corresponding to each of the plurality of magnetic poles of the rotor 30 .
- the short-circuit detection unit 65 may generate differential waveforms of voltage signals corresponding to adjacent magnetic poles among the plurality of magnetic poles.
- Embodiment 1 there is one rotor slot pitch Sp, but there may be a plurality of rotor slot pitches Sp.
- the largest voltage component of the rotor slot pitch Sp that is, the order of the smallest slot harmonic among the plurality of slot harmonics is defined as the fundamental order of the slot harmonics.
- a threshold may be set on the basis of this assumption. Thereby, frequency components corresponding to all rotor slot pitches Sp can be removed.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 does not necessarily have to reduce all odd-order frequency components. That is, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 may leave some odd-order frequency components without reducing them within a range in which even-order frequency components can be detected.
- the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 does not necessarily have to remove all even-numbered frequency components higher than the threshold. That is, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 reduces even-order frequency components higher than the threshold value to the difference waveform in the short-circuit detection unit 65 within a range in which peak waveforms P1 and P2 wider than the rotor slot pitch Sp can be obtained. may be attenuated.
- the signal decomposing unit 62 decomposes the voltage signal into a plurality of frequency components of different orders, and further separates the plurality of frequency components into amplitude and phase. Then, the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 performs processing to reduce a specific frequency component of the amplitude.
- the method of decomposing the signal is not particularly limited to this.
- the signal decomposition unit 62 decomposes the voltage signal into a plurality of frequency components of different orders, and the specific frequency component reduction unit 63 performs processing to reduce specific frequency components of the decomposed plurality of frequency components. good too. According to this, the processing of signal decomposition can be simplified.
- the rotor 30 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the stator 20 in Embodiment 1, the rotor 30 may be arranged on the outer peripheral side of the stator 20 .
- the turbine generator 10 is used as the rotating electrical machine, but the rotating electrical machine may be a generator other than the turbine generator 10 or an electric motor.
- the search coil 50 is used as the magnetic detector, the magnetic detector is not limited to this.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing an example of hardware that implements each function of the signal processing device 60.
- the signal processing device 60 is configured with a processing circuit 60A that is dedicated hardware.
- the processing circuit 60A is, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof. Applicable.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing another example of hardware that implements each function of the signal processing device 60 according to the first embodiment.
- the processing circuit 60B comprises a processor 201 and a memory 202.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing another example of hardware that implements each function of the signal processing device 60 according to the first embodiment.
- the processing circuit 60B comprises a processor 201 and a memory 202.
- the functions of the signal processing device 60 are realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- Software and firmware are written as programs and stored in memory 202 .
- the processor 201 implements each function by reading and executing a program stored in the memory 202 .
- the program stored in the memory 202 causes the computer to execute the procedure or method of each unit described above.
- the memory 202 is, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and volatile or volatile semiconductor memory.
- the memory 202 also includes magnetic disks, flexible disks, optical disks, compact disks, mini disks, DVDs, and the like.
- the processing circuit can realize the functions of the signal processing device 60 described above by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- Embodiment 2 the search coil 50 is arranged inside the stator slot 23.
- a ventilation passage is installed in the stator core to supply cooling air.
- the search coil 50 can also be installed in the ventilation path.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing a rotating electric machine and a short-circuit detection device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 12 shows an axial cross-sectional view of the turbogenerator 10 .
- the stator core 21 is provided with a plurality of ventilation passages 80 radially penetrating the stator core 21 in the axial direction to pass the cooling air.
- the short-circuit detection device 100A includes a search coil 50, a signal processing device 60 that processes detection signals from the search coil 50, and a display device 70. A short circuit in the magnetic winding 32 is detected.
- the air passages 80 are axially sandwiched between the stator cores 21 , and the search coil 50 is fixed within one air passage 80 . Also, the search coil 50 faces the field winding 32 (not shown) through the air gap 40 .
- the radial position of the search coil 50 within the ventilation passage 80 can be determined in the same manner as the radial position within the stator slot 23 of the first embodiment. That is, the search coil 50 is arranged in the position range Sxy shown in FIG. 3 of the first embodiment.
- the ventilation passage 80 radially penetrates the stator core 21 , it becomes easy to pull out the search coil 50 and its lead wire to the outside of the turbine generator 10 . Moreover, unlike the case where the search coil 50 is arranged in the stator slot 23, there is an advantage that it does not interfere with inspection of the stator wedge 24. FIG. Furthermore, by inserting the search coil 50 from the outside of the turbine generator 10 as necessary, it becomes possible to temporarily install the search coil 50 later only when inspecting the short circuit of the field winding 32 .
- 10 turbine generator (rotating electric machine), 20 stator, 21 stator core, 21A tooth tip, 22 polyphase winding, 23 stator slot, 25 tooth, 30 rotor, 32 field winding, 33 rotor slot , 36 first magnetic pole, 37 second magnetic pole, 40 air gap, 50 search coil (magnetic detector), 60 signal processing device, 61 signal acquisition unit, 62 signal decomposition unit, 63 specific frequency component reduction unit, 64 signal conversion unit, 65 short-circuit detection unit, 80 ventilation path, 100, 100A short-circuit detection device, f function, d, y radial distance, S xy position range, Sp rotor slot pitch.
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Abstract
Description
以下、実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、実施の形態1による回転電機及び短絡検知装置を示す構成図である。実施の形態1では、回転電機としてタービン発電機10が採用されている。図1において、タービン発電機10については、タービン発電機10の軸方向に垂直な断面が示されている。
なお、表示装置70は、短絡検知装置100の外部に設けられても良い。
図2は、サーチコイル50の位置を説明する図である。図に示すように、サーチコイル50は、2つのティース25で挟まれた固定子スロット23の内部にある固定子ウェッジ24に固定されている。固定子ウェッジ24は非磁性材料から成り、固定子スロット23の内部で多相巻線22の外側(開口側)に充填される。そして、サーチコイル50も、固定子スロット23の内部で多相巻線22の外側に配置される。
ここでは、界磁巻線32の電流を次第に増加させていき、固定子コア21が磁気飽和するまでの条件において、固定子スロット23に隣接している固定子コア21のティース先端21Aの磁束密度に対する、サーチコイル50の位置範囲Sxyを示す。縦軸は、ティース先端21Aでの最大磁束密度x[T](T:テスラ)を示す。横軸は、ティース先端21Aを径方向位置の基準として、多相巻線22の表面までの径方向距離dに対する、サーチコイル50の配設位置までの径方向距離yの比率(y/d)を百分率%で示す。
なお、誤検知とは、界磁巻線32の短絡発生および短絡位置を誤って検知することであるが、その詳細については後述する。
f(x)=801×5.9((1.5-x)^(5.9))+3.6
このため、磁束密度が高くなっていくと、サーチコイル50の位置範囲Sxyは狭くなっていく。
図4は、信号取得部61によって取得される電圧信号の一例を示す波形図である。この波形図は、電磁界解析プログラムを用いて、図1のタービン発電機10の無負荷運転状態をシミュレーションすることにより得られたものである。
なお、シミュレーションは、例えば、第1磁極36側の第2スロットにおいて、界磁巻線32が1ターン分だけ短絡しているという条件で実行されている。このため、図4の波形図に基づいて以下に説明する例は、第1磁極36側の第2スロットにおいて、界磁巻線32が1ターン分だけ短絡している場合である。
また、奇数次の高調波のうち、47次の高調波は、その周辺の高調波に比べて電圧強度が大きい。47次の高調波は、スロット高調波であり、回転子スロットピッチSpに相関を有する高調波である。47次は、スロット高調波の基本次数である。スロット高調波は、回転子30における1次の起磁力と、回転子スロットピッチSpのパーミアンス変化との差分によって発生する。パーミアンスは、起磁力から磁束密度への変換係数である。この場合、起磁力次数と、パーミアンス次数との差分47がスロット高調波の次数となる。
そのため、界磁巻線32の短絡位置を推定するために、奇数次の周波数成分を完全に除去することは望ましくない。そこで、特定周波数成分低減部63は、奇数次の周波数成分を完全に除去するのではなく、減衰させる。
このように、この実施の形態において、周波数成分を低減させることには、周波数成分を除去すること、及び周波数成分を減衰させることが含まれる。
信号変換部64は、周波数成分の次数ごとに、位相と、特定周波数成分低減部63による低減処理後の振幅とを、すべて積算して電圧信号に変換する。変換された電圧信号には、スロット高調波の成分が含まれていないので、図7に示すように、図4で示した電圧信号に比べて、電圧の変動周期が長くなっている。言い換えると、図7には、回転子スロットピッチSpの細かな波形が現れない。
短絡検知部65には、信号変換部64にて変換された電圧信号が入力される。そして、短絡検知部65は、入力された電圧信号を、回転子30の第1磁極36及び第2磁極37にそれぞれ対応する回転子30の周方向角度ごとに分割する。第1磁極36と第2磁極37とは互いに極性が異なるため、第1磁極36に対応する0°から180°までの波形と、第2磁極37に対応する180°から360°までの波形とを足し合わせることで、第1磁極36及び第2磁極37に対応する各電圧信号の差分波形を生成する。
即ち、図8に示した差分波形は、図7に示した波形を左右に分割し、互いに足し合わせることにより得られる。
図9は、比較例による、短絡検知部にて得られる差分波形を示す図である。図9に示す比較例では、固定子コア21が磁気飽和した場合を示し、本来短絡が発生した第2スロットではない周方向角度にピーク電圧を有するピーク波形PP1、PP2が発生している。この場合、ピーク波形PP1、PP2の各ピーク電圧は、いずれも第2スロットを表す破線α1、α2よりも第1スロットの破線に最も近く、界磁巻線32の短絡が第1スロットで発生していると誤って推定される。
誤検知が発生しない条件は、短絡検知部65にて得られる差分波形に現れる、回転子スロットピッチSpより幅広のピーク波形P1、P2のピーク電圧の角度と、実際に短絡が発生した回転子スロット33の角度との差分が、回転子スロットピッチSpの1/2未満であることである。この差分が回転子スロットピッチSpの1/2以上になると、本来、短絡していない隣接、あるいはさらに隣のスロットで短絡が発生しているように、誤検知される。
従ってサーチコイル50は、可動式で複雑なプローブを要さず、また、冷却気流による振動に耐えうる強固で大型のプローブも必要ない。例えば、樹脂で固められた薄板で保護し、これを固定子ウェッジ24に接着等で固定する等の簡素なプローブで構成できる。このため、短絡検知装置100は、小型で簡略な構成にて回転子30の界磁巻線32の短絡を信頼性良く検知できる。
また、磁気検出器としてサーチコイル50を用いたが、これに限るものでは無い。
図10は、信号処理装置60の各機能を実現するハードウェアの例を示す構成図である。この場合、専用のハードウェアである処理回路60Aにて信号処理装置60が構成される。
上記実施の形態1では、サーチコイル50を固定子スロット23の内部に配置したが、タービン発電機10では、上記特許文献1のように、固定子コア内に通風路を設置して冷却風を通風する場合があり、通風路内にサーチコイル50を設置することもできる。
上記実施の形態1と同様に、短絡検知装置100Aは、サーチコイル50と、サーチコイル50からの検出信号を処理する信号処理装置60と、表示装置70とを備えて、タービン発電機10の界磁巻線32の短絡を検知する。
通風路80内のサーチコイル50の径方向位置は、上記実施の形態1の固定子スロット23内の径方向位置と同様に決定できる。即ち、上記実施の形態1の図3で示す位置範囲Sxyにサーチコイル50を配置する。
さらに、必要に応じてタービン発電機10の外側からサーチコイル50を挿入することで、界磁巻線32の短絡検査の時のみ、臨時で後からサーチコイル50を設置することが可能になる。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (8)
- 回転電機の回転子の複数スロットに設けられている界磁巻線に対向して配置された磁気検出器と、該磁気検出器からの信号を処理する信号処理装置とを備えて、前記界磁巻線の短絡を検知する回転電機の短絡検知装置において、
前記磁気検出器は、前記回転子に対し空隙を介して設けられた固定子の内部に配置され、
前記信号処理装置は、
前記磁気検出器からの前記信号である電圧信号を取得する信号取得部と、
前記信号取得部によって取得された前記電圧信号を、互いに次数の異なる複数の周波数成分に分解する信号分解部と、
前記複数のスロットのピッチに相関を有する高調波であるスロット高調波の基本次数よりも低い次数を閾値として、前記複数の周波数成分のうち、奇数次の周波数成分と、前記閾値よりも高い偶数次の周波数成分とを低減させる特定周波数成分低減部と、
前記特定周波数成分低減部から出力された複数の周波数成分を電圧信号に変換する信号変換部と、
前記信号変換部により変換された電圧信号を、前記回転子の複数の磁極にそれぞれ対応する前記回転子の周方向角度ごとに分割し、前記複数の磁極のうち、隣り合う磁極に対応する各電圧信号の差分波形を生成し、前記差分波形の形状に基づいて、前記界磁巻線の短絡を検知するとともに、該短絡が前記回転子の周方向のいずれの位置で発生しているかを推定する短絡検知部と、
を備える、
回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記磁気検出器は前記固定子のスロット内部に配置される、
請求項1に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記固定子には、冷却風の通風路が径方向に設けられ、前記磁気検出器は前記通風路の内部に配置される、
請求項1に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記磁気検出器は、前記固定子のティース先端の径方向位置と前記固定子内部の多相巻線表面の径方向位置との間の径方向位置で、前記回転子の回転に伴う前記固定子の前記ティース先端における最大磁束密度が大きいほど、前記ティース先端の径方向位置までの距離が小さくなる範囲に配置される、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記ティース先端を径方向位置の基準として、前記多相巻線表面までの径方向距離に対する、前記磁気検出器の位置までの径方向距離の比率が、0~100%の内で、さらに前記最大磁束密度の関数で制限される範囲に、前記磁気検出器が配置される、
請求項4に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記関数は、前記固定子のコアが磁気飽和するまでの条件で、前記界磁巻線の前記短絡を誤検知しないように設定される、
請求項5に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記関数は、前記最大磁束密度をxTとした場合
801×5.9((1.5-x)^(5.9))+3.6
で表される、
請求項5または請求項6に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。 - 前記磁気検出器は、サーチコイルである、
請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の回転電機の短絡検知装置。
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JPH02219435A (ja) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-09-03 | Toshiba Corp | 界磁巻線層間短絡位置検出装置 |
JPH1032962A (ja) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-02-03 | Meidensha Corp | 回転界磁形回転電機の界磁巻線の異常検出方法および異常検出装置 |
JP6656488B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 短絡検知装置及び短絡検知方法 |
JP6837619B1 (ja) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-03-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転電機の短絡検知装置及び短絡検知方法 |
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JP2825373B2 (ja) | 1991-09-13 | 1998-11-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 界磁巻線層間短絡検出装置 |
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JPH02219435A (ja) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-09-03 | Toshiba Corp | 界磁巻線層間短絡位置検出装置 |
JPH1032962A (ja) * | 1996-07-16 | 1998-02-03 | Meidensha Corp | 回転界磁形回転電機の界磁巻線の異常検出方法および異常検出装置 |
JP6656488B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-03-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 短絡検知装置及び短絡検知方法 |
JP6837619B1 (ja) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-03-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転電機の短絡検知装置及び短絡検知方法 |
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