WO2022188053A1 - 分布式供电系统和控制方法 - Google Patents

分布式供电系统和控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188053A1
WO2022188053A1 PCT/CN2021/079899 CN2021079899W WO2022188053A1 WO 2022188053 A1 WO2022188053 A1 WO 2022188053A1 CN 2021079899 W CN2021079899 W CN 2021079899W WO 2022188053 A1 WO2022188053 A1 WO 2022188053A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
unit
instruction
battery unit
battery management
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/079899
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张业正
刘宗哲
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP21929533.4A priority Critical patent/EP4293858A4/en
Priority to CN202311192162.5A priority patent/CN117375144A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/079899 priority patent/WO2022188053A1/zh
Priority to CN202180005412.2A priority patent/CN115836456A/zh
Publication of WO2022188053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188053A1/zh
Priority to US18/462,524 priority patent/US20230420955A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power supply, and in particular, to a distributed power supply system and a control method.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in products such as electric vehicles or energy storage base stations due to their excellent characteristics such as high energy density, no memory effect, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, wide operating temperature range, and low self-discharge rate.
  • Lithium-ion battery packs used as energy storage base stations and electric vehicle energy carriers are generally formed by connecting multiple single battery cells in series or in parallel, where lithium-ion battery packs may be referred to as battery packs for short. Due to the influence of the production process level and use of lithium-ion batteries, there will be inconsistencies in the power of each single battery unit, which may cause the short-board effect of the battery, resulting in a decrease in the capacity utilization rate of the battery pack.
  • the short-board effect of a battery can be expressed as: when a series battery pack composed of multiple single battery cells is discharged in series, the single battery cell with the lowest energy level will drop to the discharge cut-off voltage first, resulting in the discharge of the series battery pack. Termination; when a series battery pack is charged, the single cell with the highest energy level will rise to the charge cutoff voltage first, causing the series battery pack to be terminated. Therefore, it is necessary to use equalization technology to manage the energy of the battery pack, improve the consistency of each single battery cell in the battery pack, reduce the performance degradation of the battery pack caused by the short-board effect, so as to prolong the service life of the battery pack and improve the monitoring of the battery pack. State of health (SoH).
  • SoH State of health
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery series-parallel self-balancing device that currently uses the balancing technology to manage the energy of the battery pack.
  • the battery series-parallel self-balancing device includes a battery module 101 , a battery module 102 and a relay 103 .
  • the negative terminal of the battery module 101 is connected to the switch contact C of the relay 103
  • the positive terminal of the battery module 101 is connected to the relay 103 .
  • the positive terminal of the battery module 102 is connected to the switch contact D of the relay 103
  • the negative terminal of the battery module 102 is connected to the normally closed contact A of the relay 103 .
  • the battery module 101 and the battery module 102 are in a parallel circuit to achieve voltage balance between the battery module 101 and the battery module 102 .
  • the normally closed contact A and the normally closed contact B are in contact, the battery module 101 and the battery module 102 are connected in series, so that high-voltage charging and discharging can be achieved.
  • a special balancing circuit needs to be set up between the cells of the battery pack. If the number of battery packs changes, the balancing circuit needs to be redesigned, which is not conducive to expansion.
  • the battery series-parallel self-balancing device shown in Figure 1 realizes the balancing function, the series circuit must be disconnected, so that the entire battery pack cannot be charged and discharged; during the charging and discharging process, the parallel circuit must be disconnected, and the battery module cannot be realized. voltage balance between. That is, the voltage equalization and charging and discharging of the battery pack cannot be started at the same time, and continuous charging and discharging and battery voltage equalization cannot be realized, resulting in low equalization efficiency.
  • Each battery unit in the distributed power supply system may be provided with a battery management unit, and based on the battery management unit of each battery unit, the battery management system can Balance, in this way, the battery cells can be easily added or reduced in the distributed power supply system, and when the battery voltage is balanced, the distributed power supply system can realize continuous charge and discharge, and improve the balance efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a distributed power supply system, including: a battery management system and M battery units, each battery unit includes a battery cell and a battery management unit, the battery management system and M of the M battery units.
  • Each battery management unit communicates by wire or wireless, and M is an integer greater than 1.
  • any one battery management unit is used to obtain the state information of the battery cells in the battery unit where any one battery management unit is located; the battery management system is used to communicate with M number of battery management units to obtain M pieces of state information; and, according to M pieces of state information, determine the target battery unit to be balanced among the M battery units, and send an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit; the target battery management unit is used to control the location of the target battery management unit according to the instruction.
  • the voltage equalization of the cells in the battery cells is used to obtain the state information of the battery cells in the battery unit where any one battery management unit is located; the battery management system is used to communicate with M number of battery management units to obtain M pieces of state information; and, according to M pieces of state information, determine the target battery unit to be balanced among the M battery units, and send an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit; the target battery management unit is used to control the location of the target battery management unit according to the instruction.
  • the voltage equalization of the cells in the battery cells is used
  • the battery management unit can be used in each battery unit to realize the balance of the cells in the battery unit. Therefore, in the distributed power supply system, it is convenient to increase or decrease the number of battery cells, and no matter
  • the battery cells can be balanced in real time when they are in the charging, discharging or static state, which can improve the power supply continuity, safety and reliability of the distributed power supply system, and enhance the energy balance ability of the battery cells.
  • the state information includes voltage or state of charge; the battery management system is specifically configured to determine, among the M battery cells, the difference in voltage or state of charge between the cells of the M battery cells The charged battery cells, and/or the battery cells to be discharged, yield the target battery cells.
  • the battery management system can conveniently and quickly determine the battery cells to be charged or discharged according to the difference in voltage or state of charge between the cells of each battery cell, and then can perform voltage equalization on the battery cells to be charged or discharged.
  • the target battery unit includes a first battery unit and/or a second battery unit;
  • the battery management system is specifically configured to be used when the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is greater than a first threshold value , send a first instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, and/or, send a second instruction to the battery management unit of the second battery unit;
  • the instruction is used to instruct to charge the second battery unit;
  • the battery management unit of the first battery unit is specifically used to control the discharge of the first battery unit according to the first instruction;
  • the battery management unit of the second battery unit is specifically used to control the discharge of the first battery unit according to the first instruction; instruction to control the charging of the second battery unit.
  • the battery management system can accurately instruct each battery management unit to achieve convenient voltage equalization according to the voltage conditions of the cells in the battery unit.
  • the battery management system is further configured to continuously acquire the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, when the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is less than the second threshold value , send a third instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the second battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the second threshold is smaller than the first threshold; the first battery unit
  • the battery management unit of the second battery unit is specifically used to stop the discharge of the first battery unit according to the third instruction; the battery management unit of the second battery unit is specifically used to stop the charging of the second battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management system can instruct the first battery unit and the second battery unit to stop the voltage equalization in time after the first battery unit and the second battery unit achieve voltage balance.
  • the target battery unit includes a third battery unit and/or a fourth battery unit; the battery management system is specifically used when the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is greater than a third threshold value , sending a first instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and/or, sending a second instruction to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit; wherein the first instruction is used to instruct discharge of the third battery unit, and the second The instruction is used to instruct the fourth battery unit to be charged; the battery management unit of the third battery unit is specifically used to control the discharge of the third battery unit according to the first instruction; the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit is specifically used to control the discharge of the third battery unit according to the second instruction instruction to control the charging of the fourth battery unit.
  • the battery management system can accurately instruct each battery management unit to achieve convenient voltage equalization according to the electric charge of the cells in the battery unit.
  • the battery management system is further configured to continuously acquire the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, when the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is less than a fourth threshold , send a third instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the fourth threshold is less than the third threshold; the third battery unit
  • the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit is specifically configured to stop the discharge of the third battery unit according to the third instruction; the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit is specifically configured to stop the charging of the fourth battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management system can instruct the first battery unit and the second battery unit to stop the voltage equalization in time after the first battery unit and the second battery unit achieve voltage balance.
  • any one of the battery management units includes a balance control module, an energy dissipation resistor and a switch; the balance control module is used to: obtain the status information of the cells of the battery unit where any battery management unit is located;
  • the battery management system sends the status information of the battery cell of the battery unit where any battery management unit is located; receives the instruction from the battery management system; according to the instruction, controls the switch to connect the energy dissipation resistor with the battery cell, so as to discharge the battery cell through the energy dissipation resistor , or, according to the instruction, the control switch connects the supply power source and the battery cell, so as to charge the battery cell through the supply power source; wherein, the supply power source and the battery cell are wirelessly or wiredly connected.
  • the battery management unit can discharge the battery cells based on the energy dissipation resistance, and realize the charging of the battery cells based on the supply power. It should be noted that, in this implementation manner, because the supply power supply can wirelessly charge the cells, the battery management unit may not include the supply power supply. When the supply power supply is not included in the battery management unit, the structure of the battery management unit is relatively simple. Easy to implement.
  • a heat dissipation device is further included, the M battery management units are arranged in a heat dissipation path of the heat dissipation device, and the heat dissipation device is used for dissipating heat to the M battery management units.
  • heat dissipation can be achieved for the battery management unit, so as to support fast high current running in the battery management unit, and reduce damage to the battery management unit caused by overheating.
  • a liquid cooling pipe is further included, the M battery management units are arranged in a fit with the liquid cooling pipe, and the liquid cooling pipe is used to dissipate heat to the M battery management units. In this way, heat dissipation can be achieved for the battery management unit, so as to support fast high current running in the battery management unit, and reduce damage to the battery management unit caused by overheating.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control method, which is applied to a distributed power supply system.
  • the distributed power supply system includes: a battery management system and M battery units, each battery unit includes a battery cell and a battery management unit, and a battery
  • the management system communicates with the M battery management units of the M battery units through wired or wireless communication, where M is an integer greater than 1; the method includes:
  • the state information of the cells in the battery units where the M battery management units are located is obtained; according to the battery management system, the M battery management units communicate with the M battery management units to obtain M state information; according to the M state information, in the M A target battery unit to be balanced is determined from each battery unit; an instruction is sent to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit; according to the instruction, the voltage balance of the cells in the battery unit where the target battery management unit is located is controlled.
  • the state information includes a voltage or a state of charge; according to the M pieces of state information, determining a target battery cell to be balanced among the M battery cells includes: according to the relationship between the cells of the M battery cells The voltage difference or the charge state difference determines the battery cells to be charged and/or the battery cells to be discharged among the M battery cells to obtain the target battery cell.
  • the target battery unit includes a first battery unit and/or a second battery unit; sending an instruction to a target battery management unit set in the target battery unit includes: connecting the first battery unit and the second battery unit When the voltage difference of the cells is greater than the first threshold, send a first command to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, and/or send a second command to the battery management unit of the second battery unit; wherein the first command is used to indicate Discharging the first battery unit, and the second instruction is used to instruct the charging of the second battery unit; according to the instruction, controlling the voltage balance of the cells in the battery unit where the target battery management unit is located includes: controlling the first battery according to the first instruction The unit is discharged; according to the second instruction, the second battery unit is controlled to be charged.
  • controlling the voltage balance of the cells in the battery unit where the target battery management unit is located according to the instruction further includes: continuously acquiring the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and in the first battery When the voltage difference between the unit and the second battery unit is less than the second threshold, a third instruction is sent to the battery management unit of the first battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the second battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct the stop voltage Balance, the second threshold is smaller than the first threshold; according to the third instruction, stop the discharge of the first battery unit; according to the third instruction, stop the charging of the second battery unit.
  • the target battery unit includes a third battery unit and/or a fourth battery unit; sending an instruction to a target battery management unit set in the target battery unit includes: connecting the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit When the charge difference of the cells is greater than the third threshold, send a first command to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and/or send a second command to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit; wherein the first command is used to indicate Discharging the third battery unit, and the second command is used to instruct the charging of the fourth battery unit; according to the command, controlling the voltage balance of the battery cells in the battery unit where the target battery management unit is located includes: controlling the third battery according to the first command unit discharge;
  • the charging of the fourth battery unit is controlled.
  • controlling the voltage balance of the cells in the battery unit where the target battery management unit is located further comprising: continuously acquiring the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, and in the third battery When the charge difference between the unit and the fourth battery unit is less than the fourth threshold, send a third instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to indicate the stop voltage In balance, the fourth threshold is smaller than the third threshold; according to the third instruction, the discharge of the third battery unit is stopped; according to the third instruction, the charging of the fourth battery unit is stopped.
  • any battery management unit includes a balance control module, an energy dissipation resistor and a switch; and according to the M battery management units, the state information of the cells in the battery units where each of the M battery management units is located is obtained, including : Obtain the status information of the battery cells of the battery unit where any battery management unit is located; send the status information of the battery cells of the battery unit where any battery management unit is located to the battery management system; receive instructions from the battery management system; According to the instructions, The control switch connects the energy dissipation resistor and the battery cell to discharge the battery cell through the energy dissipation resistor, or, according to the instruction, controls the switch to connect the supply power supply and the battery cell to charge the battery cell through the supply power supply; wherein the supply power supply and the battery cell Wireless or wired connection.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery unit, the battery unit includes a battery management unit and a battery cell; wherein the battery management unit is used to: obtain status information of the battery cells in the battery unit; send the status information to a battery management system ; Receive commands from the battery management system; control the voltage balance of battery cells according to the commands.
  • the battery management unit includes a balance control module, an energy dissipation resistor and a switch; the balance control module is used to: obtain the status information of the battery cells; send the status information of the battery cells to the battery management system; Instructions of the battery management system; according to the instructions, the control switch connects the energy dissipation resistor and the battery cell to discharge the battery cell through the energy dissipation resistor, or, according to the instruction, the control switch connects the supply power supply and the battery cell to connect the power supply through the supply power supply.
  • the charging of the core among them, the supply power is wirelessly or wiredly connected to the battery.
  • the state information includes voltage or charge state.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, the battery management system is used to: communicate with a battery management unit of M battery cells to obtain M pieces of status information; The target battery unit to be equalized is determined in the target battery unit; an instruction is sent to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit, and the instruction is used to instruct the target battery management unit to perform voltage equalization.
  • the state information includes voltage or state of charge; the battery management system is specifically configured to determine the battery to be charged among the M battery cells according to the difference in voltage or state of charge between the M battery cells The cells, and/or the battery cells to be discharged, yield the target battery cells.
  • the target battery unit includes a first battery unit and/or a second battery unit; the battery management system is specifically configured to be used when the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is greater than a first threshold value , send a first instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, and/or, send a second instruction to the battery management unit of the second battery unit; The instructions are used to instruct the second battery unit to be charged.
  • the battery management system is further configured to continuously acquire the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, when the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is less than the second threshold value , sending a third instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the second battery unit; wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop voltage equalization, and the second threshold is smaller than the first threshold.
  • the target battery unit includes a third battery unit and/or a fourth battery unit; the battery management system is specifically used when the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is greater than a third threshold value , sending a first instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and/or, sending a second instruction to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit; wherein the first instruction is used to instruct discharge of the third battery unit, and the second The instruction is used to instruct the fourth battery unit to be charged.
  • the battery management system is further configured to continuously acquire the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, when the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is less than a fourth threshold , sending a third instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, where the third instruction is used to instruct to stop voltage equalization, and the fourth threshold is smaller than the third threshold.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control method, including: obtaining state information of cells in a battery unit; sending the state information to a battery management system; receiving an instruction from the battery management system; and controlling the voltage of the battery unit according to the instruction balanced.
  • controlling the voltage balance of the battery unit includes: according to the first instruction, controlling the battery unit to discharge; or, according to the second instruction, controlling the battery unit to charge; or, according to the third instruction, Stop the discharging or charging of the battery unit; wherein, the first instruction is used to instruct to discharge the battery unit, the second instruction is used to instruct the battery unit to be charged, and the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization.
  • the state information includes voltage or charge state.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control method, comprising: communicating with a battery management unit of M battery cells to obtain M pieces of status information; and determining a target to be balanced among the M battery cells according to the M pieces of status information A battery unit; sending an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit, where the instruction is used to instruct the target battery management unit to perform voltage equalization.
  • the state information includes a voltage or a state of charge
  • determining a target battery cell to be balanced among the M battery cells according to the M pieces of state information includes: according to a voltage difference between the M battery cells or Based on the difference in the state of charge, the battery cells to be charged and/or the battery cells to be discharged are determined among the M battery cells to obtain the target battery cell.
  • the target battery unit includes a first battery unit and/or a second battery unit; sending an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit includes:
  • sending an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit further includes: continuously acquiring the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and the first battery unit and the second battery When the voltage difference of the cells is less than the second threshold, a third instruction is sent to the battery management unit of the first battery unit and the battery management unit of the second battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the second threshold is less than the second threshold. a threshold.
  • the target battery unit includes a third battery unit and/or a fourth battery unit; sending an instruction to a target battery management unit set in the target battery unit includes: connecting the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit When the charge difference of the cells is greater than the third threshold, send a first command to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and/or send a second command to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit; wherein the first command is used to indicate The third battery unit is discharged, and the second instruction is used to instruct the fourth battery unit to be charged.
  • sending an instruction to the target battery management unit set in the target battery unit further includes: continuously acquiring the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, and the third battery unit and the fourth battery When the charge difference of the cells is less than the fourth threshold, a third instruction is sent to the battery management unit of the third battery unit and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the fourth threshold is smaller than the third threshold .
  • the present application provides a chip or a chip system, the chip or chip system includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through a line, and the at least one processor is used for running a computer program or instruction, to perform the control method described in any one of the implementation manners of the fourth aspect or the fifth aspect.
  • the communication interface in the chip may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like.
  • the chip or chip system described above in this application further includes at least one memory, where instructions are stored in the at least one memory.
  • the memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program or instruction is stored, and when the computer program or instruction is run on a computer, the computer is made to execute the method as described in the fifth aspect or the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the control method of any one of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect when the computer program is executed by a processor.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing voltage equalization structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a power supply system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed power supply system according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another distributed power supply system according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management unit according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a control method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same function and effect.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are only used to distinguish the battery units used in different scenarios, and the sequence of the battery units is not limited.
  • the words “first”, “second” and the like do not limit the quantity, and the words “first”, “second” and the like do not limit certain differences.
  • “at least one” means one or more, and “plurality” means two or more.
  • “And/or”, which describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicates that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can indicate: the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • a power supply system in a base station a power supply system in an electric vehicle, a power supply system in a data center, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) power supply system, a power supply system in a power grid, or other power supply systems.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • the power supply system it usually includes multiple cells, and the cells are powered in series or parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells may be distributed in different spaces, or may be assembled together, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cell may also be referred to as a single cell, a battery, a lithium battery cell, a battery cell or a single cell, and the like.
  • the cells can be lithium-ion cells, or other types of cells, for example, the cells can be soft packs, cylinders, square or special-shaped lithium batteries, etc.
  • the base station may be an evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNB, or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, or a home base station (for example, a home evolved NodeB, or a home Node B, HNB), a baseband unit ( base band unit, BBU), it can also be a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the energy storage base station can be a relay station, an access point, and an access point in a 5G network It can be an access point (AP) in a WLAN or a new wireless system ( The gNB in the new radio, NR) system is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • eNodeB evolved NodeB
  • LTE long term evolution
  • HNB home evolved NodeB
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the energy storage base station can be a relay station, an access point, and an access point in a 5G network
  • It can be an access point (AP) in
  • Electric vehicles can be cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, boats, airplanes, helicopters, lawn mowers, recreational vehicles, playground vehicles, construction equipment, trams, golf carts, trains or trolleys, etc. Examples are not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system 200 .
  • the power supply system 200 may include cells 2011 to 201n, where the value of n may be determined according to an actual application scenario.
  • the cells 2011 to 201n can supply power to the load in series or in parallel.
  • the capacity utilization rate of the power supply system 200 to supply power to the load is low.
  • the battery series-parallel self-balancing device is set in the power supply system 200 as shown in FIG. 1, because the battery series-parallel self-balancing device realizes the balancing function, the series circuit must be disconnected, causing the distributed power supply system 200 to charge and discharge; During the process, the parallel circuit must be disconnected, and the voltage balance between the cells of the distributed power supply system 200 cannot be achieved, so the continuous charge-discharge and battery voltage balance cannot be achieved, resulting in low balance efficiency.
  • the equalization circuit needs to be redesigned in combination with the connection relationship of the cells, which is not conducive to the expansion of the power supply system 200 .
  • embodiments of the present application provide a distributed power supply system, where the distributed power supply system includes a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) and M battery units.
  • BMS battery management system
  • each battery unit includes a battery cell and a battery management unit (BMU), and the battery management unit can monitor the status information of the battery cell in the battery unit and control the charging and discharging of the battery unit.
  • the state information of the battery unit may include voltage or state of charge (state of charge, SoC) and the like.
  • the battery management unit of each battery unit can communicate with the battery management system, and then the battery management system can obtain the status information of each battery unit, and control the battery management unit of the battery unit according to the status information of each battery unit. Charge and/or discharge high voltage battery cells to achieve voltage equalization among the battery cells. In this way, the battery management system can achieve battery voltage balance while achieving continuous charge and discharge, thereby improving the balance efficiency. Moreover, because each battery unit can achieve voltage equalization based on the control of the battery management unit, or it is understood that each battery unit can perform voltage equalization based on its own structure, therefore, adding or reducing battery cells in a distributed power supply system will not be effective. It will not affect the original battery unit, and there is no need to redesign the voltage equalization circuit, so the distributed power supply system can realize convenient expansion.
  • 3G cellular communication may be used, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), EVD0, global system for mobile communications (GSM)/ General packet radio service (GPRS), or 4G cellular communications such as LTE. Or 5G cellular communications.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS General packet radio service
  • 4G cellular communications such as LTE.
  • 5G cellular communications can also be used to communicate with a wireless local area network (WLAN). It is also possible to utilize an infrared link, Bluetooth or ZigBee communication.
  • the battery management unit of the battery unit and the battery management system are based on wireless communication
  • the battery management unit and the battery management system can be distributed in space and are not limited by line connections.
  • the replaced battery unit or the new battery unit can easily establish communication with the battery management system, which is beneficial to the expansion of the distributed power supply system or the device. replace.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a distributed power supply system 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the distributed power supply system 300 includes a battery management system 302 and M battery units, such as battery unit 3011 to battery unit 301m, and the battery management system 302 and the M battery units communicate by wire or wirelessly.
  • the battery unit includes a battery cell and a battery management unit.
  • the battery unit includes a battery cell 30111 to a battery cell 3011m, and a battery management unit 30121 to a battery management unit 3012m.
  • the value of M may be determined according to the actual application scenario.
  • the M battery cells may also be referred to as battery packs.
  • the battery unit 3011 is provided with a battery management unit 30121 and a battery cell 30111 .
  • the battery management unit 30121 may be a chip, a processor running a computer program, or a module for implementing battery management functions.
  • the external device is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management unit 30121 may be disposed at a position between the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell 30111 .
  • the battery management unit 30121 may be disposed at the bottom of the battery cell 30111 (a side away from the positive and negative terminals).
  • the battery management unit 30121 may be disposed at any position such as the side of the battery cell 30111 , and the specific position of the battery management unit 30121 in the battery cell 30111 is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • a heat dissipation device can be provided for the battery management unit 30121 to support fast high current running in the battery management unit 30121, and reduce damage to the battery management unit 30121 caused by overheating.
  • the battery management unit 30121 may be disposed in a heat dissipation path of a heat dissipation device to implement heat dissipation for the battery management unit 30121.
  • the scattering device can also be attached to the battery management unit 30121.
  • the cooling device can be the liquid cooling pipe 304, and the battery management unit 30121 and the liquid cooling pipe 304 can be attached to 304 can dissipate heat for the battery management unit 3031 .
  • the M battery units may be part of the battery units of the distributed power supply system 300, or it should be understood that the distributed power supply system 300 may also include other forms of battery cells in addition to the M battery units provided with the battery management unit.
  • the battery unit for example, other forms of battery units may include cells without a battery management unit, etc., that is, the distributed power supply system 300 may be a comprehensive power supply system.
  • the M battery units may also be all battery units of the distributed power supply system 300 . This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the M battery units can be combined together in space, and can also be distributed in different positions. If it is suitable, the heat dissipation device can also be adapted according to the different positions of the battery units.
  • M battery units can be connected in series to form a battery pack to supply power to the load.
  • the battery management unit of the battery unit can monitor the state of the battery cells in the battery unit in real time, and obtain the state information of the battery unit.
  • the state information of the battery cells may include one or more of the following: voltage, state of charge, state of health, current or temperature, and the like.
  • the battery management system can communicate with the M battery management units to obtain status information of the M battery units. Further, the battery management system sends an instruction to a target battery management unit among the M battery management units according to the M pieces of state information, where the instruction is used for voltage equalization of the target battery management unit.
  • the target battery management unit may be a battery management unit of a battery cell that needs to be voltage equalized among the M battery cells. Specifically, the battery cell that needs to be voltage balanced may refer to a battery cell with a high or low voltage.
  • the target battery management unit After the target battery management unit receives the instruction, it can control the voltage balance of the battery cell where the target battery unit is located according to the instruction, for example, to discharge the battery cell with a higher voltage and/or charge the battery cell with a lower voltage.
  • the battery management system controlling the target battery management unit to achieve voltage balance on the battery cells may include the following implementations:
  • Mode 1 The battery management system performs voltage balance on the battery cells according to the voltages of the battery cells.
  • the voltage of the cells in the battery unit is a relatively easy parameter to obtain, so the battery management system conveniently performs voltage balance on the battery units according to the voltage of each battery unit.
  • the status information of the battery unit includes the voltage of the cell in the battery unit
  • the target battery management unit includes the battery management unit of the first battery unit of the M battery units, and the battery of the second battery unit of the M battery units snap-in. It can be understood that the definition of the first battery unit and the second battery unit is for the convenience of description, and does not limit the battery unit corresponding to the target battery management unit.
  • the battery management system When the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is greater than the first threshold, the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit; or, the battery management system sends the battery management unit of the second battery unit Send the second instruction; or, the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, and sends the second instruction to the battery management unit of the second battery unit;
  • the battery unit is discharged, and the second command is used to instruct the second battery unit to be charged.
  • the battery management system can calculate the voltage difference between the two battery cells respectively. If the voltage difference between any two battery cells is greater than the first threshold, Then the voltage equalization of the two battery cells is started.
  • the first threshold may be set according to actual applications, for example, set to be about 30mv, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the first threshold.
  • the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is greater than the first threshold, and the voltage of the first battery unit is greater than that of the second battery unit.
  • the battery management system sends a first command to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, where the first command is used to instruct to discharge the first battery unit, then the battery management unit of the first battery unit can The command controls the discharge of the first battery unit.
  • the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be reduced, and the voltage between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be realized. balanced.
  • the second battery unit may not perform the voltage equalization step, or, in other words, the second battery unit may be unaware of the voltage equalization.
  • the battery management system sends a second instruction to the battery management unit of the second battery unit, and the second instruction is used to instruct the second battery unit to be charged, and the battery management unit of the second battery unit can command to control the charging of the second battery unit, through the charging of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be reduced, and the voltage between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be realized balanced.
  • the first battery unit may not perform the voltage equalization step, or, in other words, the first battery unit may be unaware of the voltage equalization.
  • the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the first battery unit, and sends the second instruction to the battery management unit of the second battery unit. Then, the battery management unit of the first battery unit can control the discharge of the first battery unit according to the first instruction, and the battery management unit of the second battery unit can control the charging of the second battery unit according to the second instruction. Through the discharge of the first battery unit and the charge of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be rapidly reduced, and the rapid voltage between the first battery unit and the second battery unit can be realized balanced.
  • the battery management system may continuously obtain the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit may be continuously obtained.
  • a third instruction is sent to the battery management unit of the first battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the second battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the second threshold less than the first threshold.
  • the battery management system may stop the voltage equalization between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
  • the second threshold may be set according to practical applications, for example, set to be about 10 mv, and the second threshold is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management unit of the first battery unit stops the discharge of the first battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management unit of the second battery unit stops the charging of the second battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management unit of the first battery unit stops the discharge of the first battery unit according to the third instruction, and the battery management unit of the second battery unit stops the discharge of the second battery unit according to the third instruction. Charge.
  • first instruction the second instruction and the third instruction may be set according to actual application scenarios, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • Mode 2 The battery management system performs voltage equalization on the battery cells according to the state of charge of each battery cell.
  • the state of charge of the cells in the battery unit is a relatively easy parameter to obtain, so the battery management system conveniently performs voltage equalization on the battery cells according to the state of charge of each battery unit.
  • the state information of the battery unit includes the state of charge of the battery unit
  • the target battery management unit includes the battery management unit of the third battery unit among the M battery units
  • the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit among the M battery units unit is for the convenience of description, and does not limit the battery unit corresponding to the target battery management unit.
  • the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned first battery unit and second battery unit.
  • the battery management system When the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is greater than the third threshold, the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit; or, the battery management system sends the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit. Send the second instruction; or, the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and sends the second instruction to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit; The battery unit is discharged, and the second command is used to instruct the fourth battery unit to be charged.
  • the battery management system can calculate the voltage difference between the voltages of the two battery cells respectively, and if the voltage difference between any two battery cells is greater than the third threshold, start the The voltages of the two battery cells are equalized.
  • the third threshold may be set according to practical applications, and the third threshold is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is greater than the third threshold, and the voltage of the third battery unit is greater than that of the fourth battery unit.
  • the battery management system sends a first command to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and the first command is used to instruct to discharge the third battery unit, then the battery management unit of the third battery unit can The command controls the discharge of the third battery unit.
  • the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be reduced, and the voltage between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be realized. balanced.
  • the fourth battery unit may not perform the voltage equalization step, or, in other words, the fourth battery unit may be unaware of the voltage equalization.
  • the battery management system sends a second instruction to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, where the second instruction is used to instruct the fourth battery unit to be charged, and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit can command to control the charging of the fourth battery unit, through the charging of the fourth battery unit, the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be reduced, and the voltage between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be realized balanced.
  • the third battery unit may not perform the voltage equalization step, or, in other words, the third battery unit may be unaware of the voltage equalization.
  • the battery management system sends the first instruction to the battery management unit of the third battery unit, and sends the second instruction to the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit. Then, the battery management unit of the third battery unit may control the discharge of the third battery unit according to the first instruction, and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit may control the charging of the fourth battery unit according to the second instruction. Through the discharge of the third battery unit and the charging of the fourth battery unit, the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be rapidly reduced, and the rapid voltage between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit can be realized balanced.
  • the battery management system may continuously obtain the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, and the voltage difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit may be continuously obtained.
  • a third instruction is sent to the battery management unit of the third battery unit and/or the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the fourth threshold less than the third threshold.
  • the battery management system may stop the voltage equalization between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit.
  • the fourth threshold may be set according to practical applications, and the fourth threshold is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management unit of the third battery unit stops the discharge of the third battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit stops the charging of the fourth battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the battery management unit of the third battery unit stops the discharge of the third battery unit according to the third instruction, and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit stops the discharge of the fourth battery unit according to the third instruction. Charge.
  • the battery management unit may also adjust the working time of the battery unit according to the state of health of the battery unit, for example, When the health state of the battery unit is lower than the health threshold, the battery management unit controls the working time of the battery unit not to exceed a certain value.
  • the battery management unit may also control the output power of the battery unit according to the current of the battery unit. For example, when the current of the battery unit is greater than the current threshold, the battery management unit controls the output power of the battery unit to decrease.
  • the battery management system can control the power of the heat dissipation device according to the temperature of the battery cell. For example, when the temperature of the battery cell is higher than the temperature threshold, the battery management system can increase the power of the heat dissipation device and increase the heat dissipation. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a specific battery management unit. It can be understood that the battery management unit can be applied to any of the above battery units.
  • the battery management unit 500 includes a balance control module 501 , a power dissipation resistor 502 and a switch 503 .
  • the energy dissipation resistor 502 can form a series circuit with the switch 503 to connect to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell 510 to discharge the battery cell 510 .
  • the balance control module 501 can control the opening and closing of the switch 503 .
  • the switch 503 may be a switch array, or may be an independent switch.
  • the balance control module 501 can obtain the status information of the battery cell 510, send the status information of the battery cell 510 to the battery management system, and receive the first command from the battery management system, and according to the first command, control the switch 503 to connect the power consumption
  • the resistor 502 and the cell 510 discharge the cell 510 through the energy dissipation resistor 502 .
  • a sub-module with voltage detection capability may be set in the balance control module 501 , and the voltage of the cell 510 is detected by the sub-module with voltage detection capability, and the voltage is used as the state information of 510 .
  • the balance control module 501 can read the electric charge of the battery cell 510 , and the electric charge is used as the state information of the 510 .
  • the battery management unit 500 may further include an independent voltage detection module 505 , and through the voltage detection module 505 , the voltage of the battery cell 510 can be detected, and the voltage is used as the status information of the 510 .
  • the battery management unit 500 may further include a supply power source 504 , and the supply power source 504 may form a series circuit with the switch 503 to connect to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell 510 to charge the battery cell 510 .
  • the balancing control module 501 receives the second instruction from the battery management system, it can control the switch 503 to connect the supply power 504 with the cells 510 , so as to charge the cells 510 through the supply power 504 .
  • the supplementary power supply may not be included in the battery management unit 500, but as an external device.
  • the balance control module 501 receives the second instruction from the battery management system, it can control the supplementary power supply to use wireless charging to charge the battery. Core 510 is charged.
  • the battery management unit 500 may not include a supply power source, the structure of the battery management unit 500 is relatively simple and easy to implement.
  • the battery management unit 500 receives the first instruction or receives the second instruction
  • the battery management unit can be used in each battery unit to achieve voltage balancing, it is not necessary to set up an additional balancing device, which reduces the complexity of the balancing circuit, and when the battery cells are balancing There is no need to switch circuits frequently.
  • the battery cells meet the balancing conditions, they can be balanced in real time regardless of whether the battery cells are in the charging, discharging or static state, which can improve the safety and reliability of the distributed power supply system and enhance the energy balancing ability of the battery cells. And can effectively solve the short board effect of the series battery pack.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a control method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control method of the embodiment of the present application may include the following steps:
  • the M battery management units obtain the state information of the cells in the M battery units.
  • S602 The M battery management units send M pieces of status information to the battery management system.
  • the battery management system receives the status information of the M battery cells from the M battery management units.
  • the battery management system sends an instruction to a target battery management unit in the M battery management units according to the state information of the M battery units.
  • the battery management unit receives instructions from the battery management system.
  • the instruction is used to instruct the target battery management unit to perform voltage equalization.
  • the status information includes voltage
  • the target battery management unit includes the battery management unit of the first battery unit and the battery management unit of the second battery unit
  • S603 includes:
  • it also includes: continuously acquiring the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and when the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is less than the second threshold, sending a message to the battery management unit of the first battery unit. and the battery management unit of the second battery unit to send a third instruction, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the second threshold is smaller than the first threshold.
  • the state information includes the state of charge
  • the target battery management unit includes the battery management unit of the third battery unit and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit
  • S603 includes:
  • the method further includes: continuously acquiring the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, and when the charge difference between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit is less than a fourth threshold, sending the information to the battery management unit of the third battery unit. and the battery management unit of the fourth battery unit to send a third instruction, where the third instruction is used to instruct to stop the voltage equalization, and the fourth threshold is smaller than the third threshold.
  • the target battery management unit performs voltage equalization of the battery cells according to the instruction.
  • the target battery management unit controls the discharge of the battery unit according to the first instruction.
  • the target battery management unit controls the charging of the battery unit according to the second instruction.
  • the target battery management unit stops discharging or charging of the battery unit according to the third instruction.
  • the distributed power supply system can achieve voltage balance on the basis of continuous power supply, and the balance efficiency is high.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a control device, where the control device can execute the steps of the above control method.
  • the control device may be a processor, a chip or a chip system, or a virtual module running in the processor, chip or chip system.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 70 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 70 includes one or more (including two) processors 710 and a communication interface 730 .
  • the chip 70 shown in FIG. 7 further includes a memory 740 , which may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provides the processor 710 with operation instructions and data.
  • a portion of memory 740 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • memory 740 stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof:
  • the corresponding operation is performed by calling the operation instruction stored in the memory 740 (the operation instruction may be stored in the operating system).
  • the processor 710 controls the operation of the terminal device, and the processor 710 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU).
  • Memory 740 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 710 .
  • a portion of memory 740 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • the memory 740, the communication interface 730, and the memory 740 are coupled together through a bus system 720, wherein the bus system 720 may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to a data bus.
  • the various buses are labeled as bus system 720 in FIG. 7 .
  • the above communication unit may be an interface circuit or a communication interface of the device for receiving signals from other devices.
  • the communication unit is an interface circuit or a communication interface used by the chip to receive or transmit signals from other chips or devices.
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 710 or implemented by the processor 710 .
  • the processor 710 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above-mentioned method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 710 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 710 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (digital signal processing, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA) or Other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 740, and the processor 710 reads the information in the memory 740, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the instructions stored by the memory for execution by the processor may be implemented in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product can be pre-written in the memory, or downloaded and installed in the memory in the form of software.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the procedures or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • Computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, computer, server, or data center over a wire (e.g. coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another website site, computer, server, or data center.
  • a wire e.g. coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)
  • wireless e.g, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be stored by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes one or more available media integrated.
  • Useful media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, DVDs), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state disks, SSDs), and the like.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the methods described in the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media can include both computer storage media and communication media and also include any medium that can transfer a computer program from one place to another.
  • the storage medium can be any target medium that can be accessed by a computer.
  • the computer readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium intended to carry or in an instruction or data structure
  • the required program code is stored in the form and can be accessed by the computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • coaxial cable, fiber optic cable , twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave
  • Disk and disc as used herein includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • CD compact disc
  • DVD digital versatile disc
  • floppy disk floppy disk
  • blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种分布式供电系统和控制方法，涉及供电领域。系统包括：电池管理系统和M个电池单元，电池单元包括电池管理单元和电芯。电池管理系统，用于与M个电池管理单元通信，得到M个状态信息；以及，根据M个状态信息，向M个电池管理单元中的目标电池管理单元发送指令；目标电池管理单元，用于根据指令，控制目标电池单元所在的电池单元的电压均衡。本申请实施例每个电池单元中均可以采用电池管理单元实现电压均衡，便于电池单元的增加或减少，也可以在电压均衡时实现连续供电。

Description

分布式供电系统和控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及供电技术领域，尤其涉及一种分布式供电系统和控制方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池因高能量密度、无记忆效应、长循环寿命、环境友好、宽工作温度范围和低自放电率等优异特性而被广泛地应用于电动汽车或储能基站等产品中。作为储能基站及电动汽车能量载体的锂离子电池组一般由多节单体电池单元串联或并联连接而成，其中锂离子电池组可以简称为电池组。由于受到锂离子电池生产工艺水平及使用的影响，各单体电池单元之间会产生电量不一致的现象，进而可能产生电池的短板效应，导致电池组的容量利用率下降。例如，电池的短板效应可以表现为：在多节单体电池单元串联组成的串联电池组放电时，具有最低能量水平的单体电池单元会最先下降到放电截止电压，导致串联电池组放电终止；在串联电池组充电时，具有最高能量水平的单体电池单元会最先上升到充电截止电压，导致串联电池组充电终止。因此需要采用均衡技术对电池组进行能量管理，提高电池组内各个单体电池单元的一致性，减少由于短板效应导致的电池组性能衰减，以延长电池组的使用寿命及提高电池组的监控状态(state of health，SoH)。
示例性的，图1示出了目前采用均衡技术对电池组进行能量管理的一种电池串并联自均衡装置。如图1所示，电池串并联自均衡装置，包括电池模块101、电池模块102和继电器103，电池模块101的负极端与继电器103的开关触点C连接，电池模块101的正极端与继电器103的常闭触点B连接；电池模块102的正极端与继电器103的开关触点D连接，电池模块102的负极端与继电器103的常闭触点A连接。当常闭触点A与开关出点C连接，且常闭触点B与开关出点D连接，电池模块101和电池模块102为并联电路，实现电池模块101和电池模块102的电压均衡。当常闭触点A和常闭触点B抵接，电池模块101和电池模块102串联，可实现高压充放电。
但是，如图1所示的电池串并联自均衡装置中，需要在电池组的各电池之间设置专门的均衡电路，电池组的数量如果发生变化，则需要重新设计均衡电路，不利于扩展。且如图1所示的电池串并联自均衡装置在实现均衡功能时，串联电路必须断开，导致整个电池组无法进行充放电；在充放电过程时，并联电路必须断开，无法实现电池模块间的电压均衡。即电池组的电压均衡和充放电无法同时启动，不能实现连续的充放电和电池电压均衡，导致均衡效率不高。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种分布式供电系统和控制方法，分布式供电系统中各电池单元均可以设置电池管理单元，基于各电池单元的电池管理单元，电池管理系统可以实现对各电池单元的电压均衡，这样，在分布式供电系统中可以便捷的增加或减少电池单元，且在进行电池的电压均衡时，分布式供电系统可以实现连续的充放电，提升均 衡效率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种分布式供电系统，包括：电池管理系统和M个电池单元，每个电池单元均包括电芯和电池管理单元，电池管理系统和M个电池单元的M个电池管理单元通过有线或无线通信，M为大于1的整数。
其中，任一个电池管理单元，用于获得任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息；电池管理系统，用于与M个电池管理单元通信，得到M个状态信息；以及，根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元，以及向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令；目标电池管理单元，用于根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡。
这样，在分布式供电系统中，每个电池单元中均可以采用电池管理单元实现对该电池单元中电芯的均衡，因此，分布式供电系统中可以方便的需要增加或减少电池单元，且无论电池单元处于充电、放电或静置状态均可以实时均衡，可以提高分布式供电系统的供电连续性、安全性和可靠性，增强电池单元能量均衡的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态；电池管理系统，具体用于根据M个电池单元的电芯之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到目标电池单元。
这样，电池管理系统可以根据各电池单元的电芯之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，便捷快速确定待充电或放电的电池单元，进而可以对待充电或放电的电池单元进行电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；电池管理系统，具体用于在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电；第一电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第一指令，控制第一电池单元放电；第二电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第二指令，控制第二电池单元充电。
这样，电池管理系统可以根据电池单元中电芯的电压情况，准确的指示各电池管理单元实现便捷的电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值；第一电池单元的电池管理单元，具体还用于根据第三指令，停止第一电池单元的放电；第二电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第三指令，停止第二电池单元的充电。
这样，电池管理系统在第一电池单元和第二电池单元实现电压均衡后，可以及时指示第一电池电压和第二电池单元停止电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；电池管理系统，具体用于在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第四电池单元的电池管理单 元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电；第三电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第一指令，控制第三电池单元放电；第四电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第二指令，控制第四电池单元充电。
这样，电池管理系统可以根据电池单元中电芯的电荷情况，准确的指示各电池管理单元实现便捷的电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值；第三电池单元的电池管理单元，具体还用于根据第三指令，停止第三电池单元的放电；第四电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据第三指令，停止第四电池单元的充电。这样，电池管理系统在第一电池单元和第二电池单元实现电压均衡后，可以及时指示第一电池电压和第二电池单元停止电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，任一个电池管理单元包括均衡控制模块、耗能电阻和开关；均衡控制模块，用于：获得任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；向电池管理系统发送任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；接收来自电池管理系统的指令；根据指令，控制开关联通耗能电阻与电芯，以通过耗能电阻对电芯放电，或者，根据指令，控制开关联通补给电源与电芯，以通过补给电源对电芯充电；其中，补给电源与电芯无线或有线连接。
这样，电池管理单元可以基于耗能电阻实现对电芯放电，基于补给电源实现对电芯的充电。需要说明的是，该实现方式中，因为补给电源可以对电芯无线充电，电池管理单元中可以不包括补给电源，在电池管理单元中不包括补给电源时，电池管理单元中的结构较为简单，易于实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括散热设备，M个电池管理单元设置在散热设备的散热通路中，散热设备用于对M个电池管理单元散热。这样，可以为电池管理单元实现散热，从而支持在电池管理单元运行快速的大电流等，降低电池管理单元因过热造成的损坏。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括液冷管道，M个电池管理单元与液冷管道贴合设置，液冷管道用于对M个电池管理单元散热。这样，可以为电池管理单元实现散热，从而支持在电池管理单元运行快速的大电流等，降低电池管理单元因过热造成的损坏。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种控制方法，应用于分布式供电系统，分布式供电系统包括：电池管理系统和M个电池单元，每个电池单元均包括电芯和电池管理单元，电池管理系统和M个电池单元的M个电池管理单元通过有线或无线通信，M为大于1的整数；方法包括：
根据M个电池管理单元获得M个电池管理单元各自所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息；根据电池管理系统与M个电池管理单元通信，得到M个状态信息；根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令；根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中 电芯的电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态；根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元，包括：根据M个电池单元的电芯之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到目标电池单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电；根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，包括：根据第一指令，控制第一电池单元放电；根据第二指令，控制第二电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，还包括：持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值；根据第三指令，停止第一电池单元的放电；根据第三指令，停止第二电池单元的充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电；根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，包括：根据第一指令，控制第三电池单元放电；
根据第二指令，控制第四电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据指令，控制目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，还包括：持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值；根据第三指令，停止第三电池单元的放电；根据第三指令，停止第四电池单元的充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，任一个电池管理单元包括均衡控制模块、耗能电阻和开关；根据M个电池管理单元获得M个电池管理单元各自所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息，包括：获得任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；向电池管理系统发送任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；接收来自电池管理系统的指令；根据指令，控制开关联通耗能电阻与电芯，以通过耗能电阻对电芯放电，或者，根据指令，控制开关联通补给电源与电芯，以通过补给电源对电芯充电；其中，补给电源与电芯无线或有线连接。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单元，电池单元包括电池管理单元和电芯；其中，电池管理单元，用于：获得电池单元中电芯的状态信息；向电池管理系统发送状态信息；接收来自电池管理系统的指令；根据指令，控制电池单元的电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池管理单元包括均衡控制模块、耗能电阻和开关；均衡控制模块，用于：获得电芯的状态信息；向电池管理系统发送电芯的状态信息；接收来自电池管理系统的指令；根据指令，控制开关联通耗能电阻与电芯，以通过耗能电阻对电芯的放电，或者，根据指令，控制开关联通补给电源与电芯，以通过补给电源对电芯的充电；其中，补给电源与电芯无线或有线连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池管理系统，电池管理系统，用于：与M个电池单元的电池管理单元通信，得到M个状态信息；根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，指令用于指示目标电池管理单元进行电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态；电池管理系统，具体用于根据M个电池单元之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到目标电池单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；电池管理系统，具体用于在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令；其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；电池管理系统，具体用于在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种控制方法，包括：获得电池单元中电芯的状态信息；向电池管理系统发送状态信息；接收来自电池管理系统的指令；根据指令，控制电池单元的电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据指令，控制电池单元的电压均衡，包括：根据第一指令，控制电池单元放电；或者，根据第二指令，控制电池单元充电；或者，根据 第三指令，停止电池单元的放电或充电；其中，第一指令用于指示对电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对电池单元充电，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种控制方法，包括：与M个电池单元的电池管理单元通信，得到M个状态信息；根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，指令用于指示目标电池管理单元进行电压均衡。
在一种可能的实现方式中，状态信息包括电压或电荷状态，根据M个状态信息，在M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元，包括：根据M个电池单元之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到目标电池单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：
在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，还包括：持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，向目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，还包括：持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值。
第七方面，本申请提供一种芯片或者芯片系统，该芯片或者芯片系统包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器通过线路互联，至少一个处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以进行第四方面或第五方面任意的实现方式中任一项所描述的控制方法。
其中，芯片中的通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。
在一种可能的实现中，本申请中上述描述的芯片或者芯片系统还包括至少一个存储器，该至少一个存储器中存储有指令。该存储器可以为芯片内部的存储单元，例如，寄存器、缓存等，也可以是该芯片的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器 等)。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第五方面或第六方面的任意一种实现方式中描述的控制方法。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现第五方面或第六方面中任一项的控制方法。
应当理解的是，本申请实施例的第二方面至第九方面与本申请实施例的第一方面的技术方案相对应，各方面及对应的可行实施方式所取得的有益效果相似，不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为现有的一种电压均衡结构示意图；
图2为一种供电系统的架构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例的一种分布式供电系统的架构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例的另一种分布式供电系统的架构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例的一种电池管理单元的架构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例的一种控制方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种芯片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。例如，第一电池单元和第二电池单元仅仅是为了区分不同场景中用到的电池单元，并不对其先后顺序进行限定。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
需要说明的是，本申请中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。
本申请实施例可以应用于各种供电系统。例如，基站中的供电系统，电动车辆中的供电系统，数据中心的供电系统、不间断电源(uninterruptible power supply，UPS)的供电系统、电网中的供电系统或者其他的供电系统。
在供电系统中，通常包括多个电芯，电芯采用串联或并联等方式进行供电。多个电芯可以分布式设置在不同的空间，也可以组装在一起，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。其中，电芯也可以称为单体电芯、电池、锂电池单体、电池单体或单体等。电芯可以是锂离子电芯，或其他类型的电芯，例如，电芯可以是软包，圆柱，方形或者 异形锂电池等。
基站可以是长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统中的演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器，或者该储能基站可以为中继站、接入点、以及5G网络中的接入网设备或者未来演进的陆上公用移动通信网(public land mobile network，PLMN)网络中的接入网设备等，可以是WLAN中的接入点(access point，AP)，可以是新型无线系统(new radio，NR)系统中的gNB，本申请实施例并不限定。
电动车辆可以是轿车、卡车、摩托车、公共汽车、船、飞机、直升飞机、割草机、娱乐车、游乐场车辆、施工设备、电车、高尔夫球车、火车或手推车等，本申请实施例不做特别的限定。
示例性的，图2示出了一种供电系统200的架构示意图。如图2所示，供电系统200中可以包括电芯2011至电芯201n，其中，n的取值可以根据实际应用场景确定。电芯2011至电芯201n可以通过串联或并联的方式为负载供电。
因为电池的短板效应，导致供电系统200向负载供电时的容量利用率较低。即使如图1中在供电系统200中设置电池串并联自均衡装置，因为电池串并联自均衡装置在实现均衡功能时，串联电路必须断开，导致分布式供电系统200进行充放电；在充放电过程时，并联电路必须断开，无法实现分布式供电系统200电芯间的电压均衡，所以不能实现连续的充放电和电池电压均衡，导致均衡效率不高。且如果供电系统200中电芯的数量如果发生变化，例如增加电芯或减少电芯，则需要结合各电芯的连接关系重新设计均衡电路，不利于供电系统200的扩展。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种分布式供电系统，分布式供电系统中包括电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)和M个电池单元。
其中，各电池单元包括电芯和电池管理单元(battery management unit，BMU)，电池管理单元可以监控电池单元中电芯的状态信息、以及控制电池单元的充放电。其中，电池单元的状态信息可以包括电压或电荷状态(state of charge，SoC)等。
各电池单元的电池管理单元均可以与电池管理系统通信，进而电池管理系统可以得到各电池单元的状态信息，并根据各电池单元的状态信息控制电池单元的电池管理单元对低电压的电池单元进行充电，和/或，对高电压的电池单元进行放电，从而实现各电池单元之间的电压均衡。这样，电池管理系统在可以在实现连续的充放电的同时，实现电池电压均衡，从而可以提升均衡效率。且，因为各电池单元均可以基于电池管理单元的控制实现电压均衡，或理解为各电池单元可以基于自身结构各自进行电压均衡，因此，在分布式供电系统中增加电池单元或减少电池单元，均不会对原有的电池单元造成影响，也不需要重新设计电压均衡电路，则分布式供电系统可以实现便捷的扩展。
作为示例而非限定，BMS和BMU基于无线通信时，可使用3G蜂窝通信，例如码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)、EVD0、全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)/通用分组无线服务(general packet radio  service,GPRS)，或者4G蜂窝通信，例如LTE。或者5G蜂窝通信。也可以利用无线保真(wireless-fidelity，WiFi)与无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)通信。还可以利用红外链路、蓝牙或紫蜂协议(ZigBee)通信。
可以理解的是，在电池单元的电池管理单元与电池管理系统基于无线通信时，电池管理单元和电池管理系统在空间上可以分布设置，不受线路连接的限制。且在分布式供电系统中有电池单元更换或有新的电池单元接入时，更换的电池单元或新的电池单元可以便捷的建立与电池管理系统的通信，利于分布式供电系统的扩展或器件更换。
示例性的，图3示出了本申请实施例提供的一种分布式供电系统300的架构示意图。
如图3所示，分布式供电系统300包括电池管理系统302和M个电池单元，例如电池单元3011至电池单元301m，电池管理系统302和M个电池单元通过有线或无线通信。具体地，电池单元包括电芯和电池管理单元，例如图3所示，包括电芯30111至电芯3011m，电池管理单元30121至电池管理单元3012m。其中，M的取值可以根据实际应用场景确定。M个电池单元也可以称为电池包。
以电池单元3011为例进行说明，电池单元3011设置电池管理单元30121和电芯30111。其中，电池管理单元30121可以是芯片，可以是运行计算机程序的处理器，也可以是用于实现电池管理功能的模块等，电池管理单元30121可以集成在电芯30111中，也可以作为电芯30111的外部设备，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
示例性的，一种具体的实现中，如图3所示，电池管理单元30121可以设置在电芯30111的正负极接线柱之间的位置。
另一种具体的实现中，如图4所示，电池管理单元30121可以设置在电芯30111的底部(背离于正负极接线柱一侧)的位置。
另外的实现方式中，电池管理单元30121可以设置在电芯30111的侧边等任意位置，本申请实施例对电池管理单元30121设置在电芯30111的具体位置不作限定。
可选地，为了电池管理单元30121具有良好的散热，可以为电池管理单元30121设置散热设备，从而支持在电池管理单元30121运行快速的大电流等，降低电池管理单元30121因过热造成的损坏。
示例性的，可以将电池管理单元30121设置在散热设备的散热通路中，实现对电池管理单元30121的散热。或者，也可以将散射设备与电池管理单元30121贴合设置，例如，如图4所示，散热装置可以为液冷管道304，电池管理单元30121与液冷管道304贴合设置，则液冷管道304可以为电池管理单元3031散热。
需要说明的是，M个电池单元可以是分布式供电系统300的部分电池单元，或者理解为，分布式供电系统300中除了包括M个设置有电池管理单元的电池单元，还可以包括其他形式的电池单元，其他形式的电池单元中例如可以包括未设置电池管理单元的电芯等，即分布式供电系统300可以是综合性的供电系统。或者，M个电池单元也可以是分布式供电系统300的全部电池单元。本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可以理解的是，M个电池单元在空间上可以组合在一起，也可以分布在不同的位置，适应的，散热设备也随着电池单元位置不同等适应设置。
下面对如图3或图4所述的分布式供电系统的工作原理进行介绍。
以图3的分布式供电系统为例。分布式供电系统工作时，M个电池单元可以串联组成电池组，实现对负载的供电。
在供电过程中，对于任一个电池单元，该电池单元的电池管理单元可以实时监控该电池单元中电芯的状态，获得该电池单元的状态信息。其中，电池单元的状态信息可以包括下述的一种或多种：电压、电荷状态、健康状态、电流或温度等。
电池管理系统可以与M个电池管理单元通信，得到M个电池单元的状态信息。进一步地，电池管理系统根据M个状态信息，向M个电池管理单元中的目标电池管理单元发送指令，该指令用于目标电池管理单元的电压均衡。其中，目标电池管理单元可以为M个电池单元中需要进行电压均衡的电池单元的电池管理单元，具体地，需要进行电压均衡的电池单元可以指电压偏高或偏低的电池单元。
目标电池管理单元接收指令后，可以根据指令控制目标电池单元所在的电池单元的电压均衡，例如，对电压较高的电池单元放电，和/或，对电压较低的电池单元充电。
这样，本申请实施例的分布式供电系统中，可以在连续供电的基础上，实现电压均衡，均衡效率高，且结构简单。
示例性的，电池管理系统控制目标电池管理单元对电池单元实现电压平衡可以包括下述实现方式：
方式一：电池管理系统根据各电池单元的电压对电池单元进行电压均衡。
可以理解的是，电池单元中电芯的电压是较为容易获取的参数，因此电池管理系统便捷的根据各电池单元的电压对电池单元进行电压均衡。
具体的，电池单元的状态信息包括电池单元中电芯的电压，目标电池管理单元包括M个电池单元中的第一电池单元的电池管理单元，以及M个电池单元中的第二电池单元的电池管理单元。可以理解的是，定义第一电池单元和第二电池单元是为了便于描述，并不对目标电池管理单元对应的电池单元造成特别限定。
在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，电池管理系统向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令；或者，电池管理系统向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；或者，电池管理系统向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，且向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电。
具体的，电池管理系统在得到M个电池单元中电芯的电压后，可以分别对两个电池单元之间的电压求电压差，若任意两个电池单元之间的电压差大于第一阈值，则启动该两个电池单元的电压均衡。可以理解的是，第一阈值可以根据实际应用设定，例如设置为30mv左右等，本申请实施例对第一阈值不作具体限定。
以第一电池单元与第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值，且第一电池单元的电压大于第二电池单元为例。
第一种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，则第一电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第一指令，控制第一电池单元放电，通过第一电池单元的放电，可以使得第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的电压差变小，实现第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解，该方式中，第二电池单元可以不执行电压均衡步骤，或者说，第二电 池单元可以对电压均衡无感知。
第二种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电，则第二电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第二指令，控制第二电池单元充电，通过第二电池单元的充电，可以使得第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的电压差变小，实现第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解，该方式中，第一电池单元可以不执行电压均衡步骤，或者说，第一电池单元可以对电压均衡无感知。
第三种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，且向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令。则第一电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第一指令，控制第一电池单元放电，第二电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第二指令，控制第二电池单元充电。通过第一电池单元的放电和第二电池单元的充电，可以使得第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的电压差快速变小，实现第一电池单元与第二电池单元之间的快速电压均衡。
在对第一电池单元进行放电和/或对第二电池单元进行充电的过程中，电池管理系统可以持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值。
具体的，电池管理系统在确定第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，可以停止第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解的是，第二阈值可以根据实际应用设定，例如设置为10mv左右等，本申请实施例对第二阈值不作具体限定。
对应于上述第一种实现方式，第一电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第一电池单元的放电。对应于上述第二种实现方式，第二电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第二电池单元的充电。对应于上述第三种实现方式，第一电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第一电池单元的放电，且第二电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第二电池单元的充电。
可以理解的是，第一指令、第二指令和第三指令的具体形式可以根据实际应用场景设定，本申请实施例不作具体限定。
方式二：电池管理系统根据各电池单元的电荷状态对电池单元进行电压均衡。
可以理解的是，电池单元中电芯的电荷状态是较为容易获取的参数，因此电池管理系统便捷的根据各电池单元的电荷状态对电池单元进行电压均衡。具体的，电池单元的状态信息包括电池单元的包括电荷状态，目标电池管理单元包括M个电池单元中的第三电池单元的电池管理单元，以及M个电池单元中的第四电池单元的电池管理单元。可以理解的是，定义第三电池单元和第四电池单元是为了便于描述，并不对目标电池管理单元对应的电池单元造成特别限定。该第三电池单元和第四电池单元与上述的第一电池单元和第二电池单元可以相同，也可以不同。
在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，电池管理系统向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令；或者，电池管理系统向第四电池单元的电池 管理单元发送第二指令；或者，电池管理系统向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，且向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电。
具体的，电池管理系统在得到M个电池单元的电压后，可以分别对两个电池单元之间的电压求电压差，若任意两个电池单元之间的电压差大于第三阈值，则启动该两个电池单元的电压均衡。可以理解的是，第三阈值可以根据实际应用设定本申请实施例对第三阈值不作具体限定。
以第三电池单元与第四电池单元的电压差大于第三阈值，且第三电池单元的电压大于第四电池单元为例。
第A种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，则第三电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第一指令，控制第三电池单元放电，通过第三电池单元的放电，可以使得第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的电压差变小，实现第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解，该方式中，第四电池单元可以不执行电压均衡步骤，或者说，第四电池单元可以对电压均衡无感知。
第B种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电，则第四电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第二指令，控制第四电池单元充电，通过第四电池单元的充电，可以使得第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的电压差变小，实现第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解，该方式中，第三电池单元可以不执行电压均衡步骤，或者说，第三电池单元可以对电压均衡无感知。
第C种实现方式中，电池管理系统向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，且向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令。则第三电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第一指令，控制第三电池单元放电，第四电池单元的电池管理单元可以根据第二指令，控制第四电池单元充电。通过第三电池单元的放电和第四电池单元的充电，可以使得第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的电压差快速变小，实现第三电池单元与第四电池单元之间的快速电压均衡。
在对第三电池单元进行放电和/或对第四电池单元进行充电的过程中，电池管理系统可以持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电压差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电压差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值。
具体的，电池管理系统在确定第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电压差小于第四阈值时，可以停止第三电池单元和第四电池单元之间的电压均衡。可以理解的是，第四阈值可以根据实际应用设定，本申请实施例对第四阈值不作具体限定。
对应于上述第A种实现方式，第三电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第三电池单元的放电。对应于上述第B种实现方式，第四电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第四电池单元的充电。对应于上述第C种实现方式，第三电池单元的电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止第三电池单元的放电，且第四电池单元的电池管 理单元根据第三指令，停止第四电池单元的充电。
可能的实现方式中，电池单元的状态信息中包括电池单元的健康状态、电池单元的电流或电池单元的温度时，电池管理单元还可以根据电池单元的健康状态调节电池单元的工作时长，例如，电池单元的健康状态低于健康阈值时，电池管理单元控制电池单元的工作时长不超过一定值。或者，电池管理单元还可以根据电池单元的电流控制电池单元的输出功率，例如，电池单元的电流大于电流阈值时，电池管理单元控制电池单元的输出功率降低。或者电池管理系统可以根据电池单元的温度控制散热设备的功率，例如，电池单元的温度高于温度阈值时，电池管理系统可以提高散热设备的功率，加大散热力度。本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选地，本申请实施例提供一种具体的电池管理单元。可以理解，该电池管理单元可以应用于上述任一电池单元中。如图5所示，电池管理单元500包括均衡控制模块501、耗能电阻502和开关503。耗能电阻502可以与开关503组成串联电路接入电芯510的正负极，实现对电芯510的放电。均衡控制模块501可以控制开关503的开合。开关503可以是开关阵列，也可以是独立的开关。
工作时，均衡控制模块501可以获得电芯510的状态信息，向电池管理系统发送电510的状态信息，并接收来自电池管理系统的第一指令，以及根据第一指令，控制开关503联通耗能电阻502与电芯510，以通过耗能电阻502对电芯510放电。
示例性的，均衡控制模块501中可以设置具备电压检测能力的子模块，并利用该具备电压检测能力的子模块检测电芯510的电压，该电压作为510的状态信息。或者，均衡控制模块501可以读取电芯510的电荷，该电荷作为510的状态信息。
可选地，电池管理单元500还可以包括独立的电压检测模块505，通过该电压检测模块505，可以检测电芯510的电压，该电压作为510的状态信息。
可选的，电池管理单元500还可以包括补给电源504，补给电源504可以与开关503组成串联电路接入电芯510的正负极，实现对电芯510的充电。均衡控制模块501接收来自电池管理系统的第二指令时，可以控制开关503联通补给电源504与电芯510，以通过补给电源504对电芯510充电。
可以理解的是，补给电源也可以不包括在电池管理单元500中，而是作为外部设备，均衡控制模块501接收来自电池管理系统的第二指令时，可以控制补给电源采用无线充电的方式对电芯510充电。该实现方式中，因为电池管理单元500中可以不包括补给电源，因此电池管理单元500中的结构较为简单，易于实现。
具体地，电池管理单元500接收第一指令或接收第二指令的场景可以参照上述分布式供电系统中的介绍，在此不再赘述。
综上，本申请实施例的分布式供电系统中，因为每个电池单元中均可以采用电池管理单元实现电压均衡，不需要额外设置均衡装置，降低了均衡电路复杂性，且电池单元进行均衡时不需要频繁切换电路，只要电池单元满足均衡条件，无论电池单元处于充电、放电或静置状态均可以实时均衡，可以提高分布式供电系统的安全性和可靠性，增强电池单元能量均衡的能力，且能有效地解决串联电池组的短板效应。
结合上述图3-图5对应的实施例，本申请实施例还提供控制方法。示例性的，图6示出了本申请实施例的一种控制方法的流程示意图。本申请实施例的控制方法可以 包括下述步骤：
S601：M个电池管理单元获得M个电池单元中电芯的的状态信息。
S602：M个电池管理单元向电池管理系统发送M个状态信息。
相应的，电池管理系统接收到来自M个电池管理单元的M个电池单元的状态信息。
S603：电池管理系统根据M个电池单元的状态信息，向M个电池管理单元中的目标电池管理单元发送指令。
相应的，电池管理单元接收来自电池管理系统的指令。
其中，该指令用于指示目标电池管理单元进行电压均衡。
一种可能的实现中，状态信息包括电压，目标电池管理单元包括第一电池单元的电池管理单元，以及第二电池单元的电池管理单元；S603包括：
在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第一电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第二电池单元充电。
可选地，还包括：持续获取第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差，在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向第一电池单元的电池管理单元和第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第二阈值小于第一阈值。
另一种可能的实现中，状态信息包括电荷状态，目标电池管理单元包括第三电池单元的电池管理单元，以及第四电池单元的电池管理单元；S603包括：
在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，第一指令用于指示对第三电池单元放电，第二指令用于指示对第四电池单元充电。
可选地，还包括：持续获取第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差，在第三电池单元和第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向第三电池单元的电池管理单元和第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，第四阈值小于第三阈值。
S604：目标电池管理单元根据指令进行电池单元的电压均衡。
具体的，目标电池管理单元根据第一指令，控制电池单元放电。
或者，目标电池管理单元根据第二指令，控制电池单元充电。
或者，目标电池管理单元根据第三指令，停止电池单元的放电或充电。
本申请实施例的各步骤的具体实现可以参照图3-图5对应的实施例的记载，在此不作赘述。本申请实施例的控制方法中，可以使得分布式供电系统在连续供电的基础上，实现电压均衡，均衡效率高。
本申请实施例还提供的一种控制装置，控制装置可以执行上述控制方法的步骤。以该控制装置可以为处理器、芯片或芯片系统，或运行在处理器、芯片或芯片系统中的虚拟模块。
示例性的，以控制装置为芯片为例，图7为本申请实施例提供的芯片70的结构示意图。芯片70包括一个或两个以上(包括两个)处理器710和通信接口730。
在一种可能的实施例中，如图7所示的芯片70还包括存储器740，存储器740可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器710提供操作指令和数据。存储器740的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器(non-volatile random access memory，NVRAM)。
在一些实施方式中，存储器740存储了如下的元素，可执行模块或者数据结构，或者他们的子集，或者他们的扩展集：
在本发明实施例中，通过调用存储器740存储的操作指令(该操作指令可存储在操作系统中)，执行相应的操作。
处理器710控制终端设备的操作，处理器710还可以称为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。存储器740可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器710提供指令和数据。存储器740的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器(non-volatile random access memory，NVRAM)。例如应用中存储器740、通信接口730以及存储器740通过总线系统720耦合在一起，其中总线系统720除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图7中将各种总线都标为总线系统720。
以上通信单元可以是一种该装置的接口电路或通信接口，用于从其它装置接收信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该通信单元是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号或发送信号的接口电路或通信接口。
上述本发明实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器710中，或者由处理器710实现。处理器710可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器710中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器710可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器740，处理器710读取存储器740中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
在上述实施例中，存储器存储的供处理器执行的指令可以以计算机程序产品的形式实现。计算机程序产品可以是事先写入在存储器中，也可以是以软件形式下载并安装在存储器中。
计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如 同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存储的任何可用介质或者是包括一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘solid state disk，SSD)等。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。上述实施例中描述的方法可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。如果在软件中实现，则功能可以作为一个或多个指令或代码存储在计算机可读介质上或者在计算机可读介质上传输。计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质和通信介质，还可以包括任何可以将计算机程序从一个地方传送到另一个地方的介质。存储介质可以是可由计算机访问的任何目标介质。
作为一种可能的设计，计算机可读介质可以包括RAM，ROM，EEPROM，CD-ROM或其它光盘存储器，磁盘存储器或其它磁存储设备，或目标于承载的任何其它介质或以指令或数据结构的形式存储所需的程序代码，并且可由计算机访问。而且，任何连接被适当地称为计算机可读介质。例如，如果使用同轴电缆，光纤电缆，双绞线，数字用户线(DSL)或无线技术(如红外，无线电和微波)从网站，服务器或其它远程源传输软件，则同轴电缆，光纤电缆，双绞线，DSL或诸如红外，无线电和微波之类的无线技术包括在介质的定义中。如本文所使用的磁盘和光盘包括光盘(CD)，激光盘，光盘，数字通用光盘(DVD)，软盘和蓝光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据，而光盘利用激光光学地再现数据。上述的组合也应包括在计算机可读介质的范围内。以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种分布式供电系统，其特征在于，包括：电池管理系统和M个电池单元，每个所述电池单元均包括电芯和电池管理单元，所述电池管理系统和M个所述电池单元的M个电池管理单元通过有线或无线通信，M为大于1的整数；
    其中，任一个所述电池管理单元，用于获得所述任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息；
    所述电池管理系统，用于与M个所述电池管理单元通信，得到M个所述状态信息；以及，根据M个所述状态信息，在所述M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元，以及向所述目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令；
    所述目标电池管理单元，用于根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，所述状态信息包括电压或电荷状态；
    所述电池管理系统，具体用于根据M个所述电池单元的电芯之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在所述M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到所述目标电池单元。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，所述目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；
    所述电池管理系统，具体用于在所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，所述第一指令用于指示对所述第一电池单元放电，所述第二指令用于指示对所述第二电池单元充电；
    所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第一指令，控制所述第一电池单元放电；
    所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第二指令，控制所述第二电池单元充电。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于：
    所述电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差，在所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，所述第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，所述第二阈值小于所述第一阈值；
    所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元，具体还用于根据所述第三指令，停止所述第一电池单元的放电；
    所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第三指令，停止所述第二电池单元的充电。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；
    所述电池管理系统，具体用于在所述第三电池单元和所述第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向所述 第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，所述第一指令用于指示对所述第三电池单元放电，所述第二指令用于指示对所述第四电池单元充电；
    所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第一指令，控制所述第三电池单元放电；
    所述第四电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第二指令，控制所述第四电池单元充电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于：
    所述电池管理系统，具体还用于持续获取所述第三电池单元和所述第四电池单元的电荷差，在所述第三电池单元和所述第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或所述第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，所述第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，所述第四阈值小于所述第三阈值；
    所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元，具体还用于根据所述第三指令，停止所述第三电池单元的放电；
    所述第四电池单元的电池管理单元，具体用于根据所述第三指令，停止所述第四电池单元的充电。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，任一个所述电池管理单元包括均衡控制模块、耗能电阻和开关；
    所述均衡控制模块，用于：获得所述任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；向所述电池管理系统发送所述任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；接收来自所述电池管理系统的所述指令；根据所述指令，控制所述开关联通所述耗能电阻与所述电芯，以通过所述耗能电阻对所述电芯放电，或者，根据所述指令，控制所述开关联通补给电源与所述电芯，以通过所述补给电源对所述电芯充电；
    其中，所述补给电源与所述电芯无线或有线连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，还包括散热设备，M个所述电池管理单元设置在所述散热设备的散热通路中，所述散热设备用于对M个所述电池管理单元散热。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的分布式供电系统，其特征在于，还包括液冷管道，M个所述电池管理单元与所述液冷管道贴合设置，所述液冷管道用于对M个所述电池管理单元散热。
  10. 一种控制方法，其特征在于，应用于分布式供电系统，所述分布式供电系统包括：电池管理系统和M个电池单元，每个所述电池单元均包括电芯和电池管理单元，所述电池管理系统和M个所述电池单元的M个电池管理单元通过有线或无线通信，M为大于1的整数；所述方法包括：
    根据M个所述电池管理单元获得所述M个电池管理单元各自所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息；
    根据所述电池管理系统与M个所述电池管理单元通信，得到M个所述状态信息；
    根据M个所述状态信息，在所述M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元；
    向所述目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令；
    根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述状态信息包括电压或电荷状态；所述根据M个所述状态信息，在所述M个电池单元中确定待均衡的目标电池单元，包括：
    根据M个所述电池单元的电芯之间的电压差异或电荷状态差异，在所述M个电池单元中确定待充电的电池单元，和/或，待放电的电池单元，得到所述目标电池单元。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标电池单元包括第一电池单元和/或第二电池单元；所述向所述目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：
    在所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差大于第一阈值时，向所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，所述第一指令用于指示对所述第一电池单元放电，所述第二指令用于指示对所述第二电池单元充电；
    所述根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，包括：
    根据所述第一指令，控制所述第一电池单元放电；
    根据所述第二指令，控制所述第二电池单元充电。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，还包括：
    持续获取所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差，在所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电压差小于第二阈值时，向所述第一电池单元的电池管理单元和/或所述第二电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，所述第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，所述第二阈值小于所述第一阈值；
    根据所述第三指令，停止所述第一电池单元的放电；
    根据所述第三指令，停止所述第二电池单元的充电。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，目标电池单元包括第三电池单元和/或第四电池单元；所述向所述目标电池单元中设置的目标电池管理单元发送指令，包括：
    在所述第三电池单元和所述第四电池单元的电荷差大于第三阈值时，向所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元发送第一指令，和/或，向所述第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第二指令；其中，所述第一指令用于指示对所述第三电池单元放电，所述第二指令用于指示对所述第四电池单元充电；
    所述根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，包括：
    根据所述第一指令，控制所述第三电池单元放电；
    根据所述第二指令，控制所述第四电池单元充电。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述指令，控制所述目标电池管理单元所在的电池单元中电芯的电压均衡，还包括：
    持续获取所述第三电池单元和所述第四电池单元的电荷差，在所述第三电池单元 和所述第四电池单元的电荷差小于第四阈值时，向所述第三电池单元的电池管理单元和/或所述第四电池单元的电池管理单元发送第三指令，其中，所述第三指令用于指示停止电压均衡，所述第四阈值小于所述第三阈值；
    根据所述第三指令，停止所述第三电池单元的放电；
    根据所述第三指令，停止所述第四电池单元的充电。
  16. 根据权利要求10-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，任一个所述电池管理单元包括均衡控制模块、耗能电阻和开关；所述根据M个所述电池管理单元获得所述M个电池管理单元各自所在的电池单元中电芯的状态信息，包括：
    获得所述任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；
    向所述电池管理系统发送所述任一个电池管理单元所在的电池单元的电芯的状态信息；
    接收来自所述电池管理系统的所述指令；
    根据所述指令，控制所述开关联通所述耗能电阻与所述电芯，以通过所述耗能电阻对所述电芯放电，或者，根据所述指令，控制所述开关联通补给电源与所述电芯，以通过所述补给电源对所述电芯充电；
    其中，所述补给电源与所述电芯无线或有线连接。
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