WO2022183662A1 - 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022183662A1
WO2022183662A1 PCT/CN2021/107030 CN2021107030W WO2022183662A1 WO 2022183662 A1 WO2022183662 A1 WO 2022183662A1 CN 2021107030 W CN2021107030 W CN 2021107030W WO 2022183662 A1 WO2022183662 A1 WO 2022183662A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aggregate
artificial reef
oyster shell
cement
shell powder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/107030
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
全洪珠
Original Assignee
青岛农业大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 青岛农业大学 filed Critical 青岛农业大学
Publication of WO2022183662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183662A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of artificial reefs, and in particular relates to an ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes and a preparation method thereof.
  • Artificial reefs are artificial structures set up in the sea. Its purpose is to improve the marine ecosystem, create a good environment for marine life to inhabit, achieve the purpose of protecting, multiplying and increasing fish catches, meeting the needs of marine life for survival and growth, and repairing the ocean. ecosystem.
  • the traditional process of preparing artificial reef concrete is to prepare and mix cement, water, natural sand, admixtures and additives in a certain proportion. It has the advantages of high strength and good integrity, and can be prepared into shapes and specifications A variety of artificial reefs with beautiful appearance.
  • the use of ordinary cement as a cementitious material results in the overall strong alkaline environment of the artificial reef, which is contrary to the biologically suitable acidic environment, and the concrete leachate will also have an adverse effect on the acid-base balance of the seawater environment.
  • the present invention provides an ecological artificial reef concrete using various solid wastes and a preparation method thereof.
  • the leaching solution of the artificial reef concrete provided by the present invention is weak in alkalinity and will not have a great impact on the living environment of marine organisms.
  • the present invention provides a kind of ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing a variety of solid wastes, including the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
  • the aggregate includes natural aggregate and/or regenerated aggregate, and the regenerated aggregate accounts for 0-100% by mass of the aggregate; the regenerated aggregate is prepared from construction waste;
  • the fine material includes cement or a mixture of cement and oyster shell powder, and the oyster shell powder accounts for ⁇ 40% of the mass percentage of the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder;
  • the regenerated aggregate and oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time.
  • the regenerated aggregate accounts for 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by mass of the aggregate.
  • the particle size of the oyster shell powder is 1000 ⁇ m or less, the specific surface area is 0.219-0.313 m 2 /g, and the apparent density is 3000-3100 kg/m 3 .
  • the natural aggregate is natural granite crushed stone
  • the water-reducing agent includes an aliphatic water-reducing agent, and the pH of the water-reducing agent is 7.5-8.3;
  • the cement is ordinary Portland cement P ⁇ O 42.5.
  • the present invention also provides the preparation method of the artificial reef concrete described in the above technical scheme, comprising the following steps:
  • the aggregate, fine material, water reducing agent and water are mixed to obtain the ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes.
  • the mixing comprises the steps of:
  • the mixed slurry and aggregate are subjected to a third mixing.
  • the first mixing, the second mixing and the third mixing are carried out under stirring conditions;
  • the stirring speed of the first mixing is 40 ⁇ 50r/min, and the time is 55 ⁇ 65s;
  • the stirring speed of the second mixing is 40 ⁇ 50r/min, and the time is 55 ⁇ 65s;
  • the stirring speed of the third mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 85-95 s.
  • the preparation raw materials of the artificial reef concrete include recycled aggregates and oyster shell powder
  • the oyster shell powder is partially substituted for the cement, thereby reducing the cement content in the artificial reef concrete, thereby reducing the artificial fish reef.
  • the alkalinity of concrete can avoid the impact of artificial reefs prepared by artificial reef concrete on the living environment of marine organisms.
  • the addition of recycled aggregates improves the resource utilization rate of construction waste, which is of great significance for solving solid waste pollution, alleviating the shortage of natural aggregates and promoting resource recycling.
  • Fig. 1 is the flow chart of preparation of oyster shell powder
  • Fig. 2 is the XRD pattern of oyster shell powder
  • Fig. 3 is the SEM image of oyster shell powder
  • Fig. 4 is the physical map of the artificial reef concrete of the shape that is prepared by the artificial reef concrete that embodiment 1 prepares;
  • Fig. 5 is the sliced real picture after the artificial reef concrete that embodiment 1 prepares is shaped
  • FIG. 6 is a linear graph of the compressive strength and tensile strength of the artificial reef concrete obtained in the embodiment of the present invention after curing for 28 days;
  • Fig. 7 is the dot-line diagram of the pH value of the artificial reef concrete leaching solution prepared by Examples 1-14 and Comparative Example 1 and the number of test days;
  • Example 8 is the SEM image of the artificial reef concrete prepared in Example 1 after curing for 3 days and 28 days, wherein a is the SEM image of the 3-day curing, and b is the SEM image of the 28-day curing;
  • Fig. 9 is the SEM image of the artificial reef concrete prepared by Example 2, which is maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein c is the SEM image of the 3-day curing, and d is the SEM image of the 28-day curing;
  • Fig. 10 is the SEM image of the artificial reef concrete prepared by embodiment 8 and maintained for 3 days and 28 days respectively, wherein e is the SEM image of 3 days of conservation, and f is the SEM image of 28 days of conservation;
  • Fig. 11 The SEM images of the artificial reef concrete prepared in Example 14 after curing for 3 days and 28 days respectively, wherein g is the SEM image of curing for 3 days, and h is the SEM image of curing for 28 days;
  • the invention provides an ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes, comprising the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
  • the aggregate includes natural aggregate and/or regenerated aggregate, and the regenerated aggregate accounts for 0-100% by mass of the aggregate; the regenerated aggregate is prepared from construction waste;
  • the fine material includes cement or a mixture of cement and oyster shell powder, and the mass percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%;
  • the regenerated aggregate and oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time.
  • the raw materials for the preparation of the artificial reef concrete include 555-657 parts of fine materials, preferably 575-626 parts.
  • the fines include cement and/or oyster shell meal.
  • the cement is preferably ordinary Portland cement P ⁇ O 42.5.
  • the particle size of the oyster shell powder is preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less; the specific surface area is preferably 0.219-0.313 m 2 /g; and the apparent density is preferably 3000-3100 kg/m 3 .
  • the preparation method of the oyster shell powder preferably includes the following steps: crushing the oyster shell and then sieving to obtain the oyster shell powder.
  • the oyster shells before the crushing, it is also preferable to include: cleaning and drying the oyster shells to remove impurities.
  • the oyster shells come from aquaculture and processing plant in Panlong Village, Qingdao.
  • the cleaning is to remove the sludge on the surface of the oyster shell; the impurity removal is to remove the oyster meat remaining in the oyster shell.
  • the sieve for sieving is preferably a 16-mesh standard sieve, and the sieve is preferably taken from the sieve.
  • the sieving after the sieving, it is also preferable to include: washing and drying the sieved product to obtain the oyster shell powder.
  • the water washing can remove dust in the screened product.
  • the drying temperature is preferably 95-115° C.; and the time is preferably 22-26 h.
  • oyster shell powder is prepared according to the preparation flow chart shown in FIG. 1 , firstly collecting oyster shells, cleaning the collected oyster shells, crushing the cleaned oyster shells, and then sieving them. The product was washed with water and then dried.
  • the mass percentage content of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%, preferably 20-30%, specifically 20% or 40%.
  • the raw materials for the preparation of the artificial reef concrete include 1-5 parts of a water-reducing agent, preferably 2-3 parts; the water-reducing agent preferably includes an aliphatic water-reducing agent, and the aliphatic water-reducing agent It is preferably a non-air-entraining aliphatic superplasticizer.
  • the pH value of the water-reducing agent is preferably 7.5-8.3, and the water-reducing rate of the water-reducing agent is preferably 20-30%.
  • the raw materials for preparing the artificial reef concrete include 164-197 parts of water, preferably 173-177 parts.
  • the water-to-binder ratio of the artificial reef concrete is preferably 0.3:1.
  • the raw materials for the preparation of the artificial reef concrete include 1420-1598 parts of aggregate, preferably 1490-1510 parts.
  • the aggregate includes natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate; the recycled aggregate is obtained by pulverizing construction waste, and the particle size of the recycled aggregate is preferably 5-20 mm; the bulk density is preferably 1400 ⁇ 1450kg/m 3 ; the apparent density is preferably 2600 ⁇ 2650kg/m 3 ; the water absorption is preferably 1 ⁇ 5%; the void ratio is preferably 45 ⁇ 55%; the crush value is preferably 5 ⁇ 29%; The mass content of particles is preferably 10-18%.
  • the recycled aggregate is preferably purchased from Qingdao Lvfan Recycled Building Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the natural aggregate is preferably natural granite crushed stone, and the particle size of the natural aggregate is preferably 5-20 mm.
  • the particle size of the natural aggregate is preferably continuous gradation,
  • the mass ratio of the natural aggregate having a particle size of 5 mm or more and less than 10 mm and a particle size of 10 mm or more and 20 mm or less is preferably 1:2.8 to 3.2.
  • the bulk density of the natural aggregate is preferably 1570-1620 kg/m 3 ; the apparent density is preferably 2650-2700 kg/m 3 ; the water absorption is preferably 1-4%; the void ratio is preferably 35-35 45%; the crushing value is preferably 1-10%; the mass content of needle flake particles is preferably 5-10%.
  • the regenerated aggregate accounts for 0-100% by mass of the aggregate, preferably 25-75%, and may specifically be 25%, 50% or 75%.
  • the artificial reef concrete when recycled aggregate accounts for 25% by mass of aggregate, the artificial reef concrete preferably includes the following raw materials:
  • the artificial reef concrete preferably includes the following raw materials:
  • the artificial reef concrete preferably includes the following raw materials:
  • the artificial reef concrete preferably includes the following raw materials:
  • the porosity of the artificial reef concrete is preferably 10-15%.
  • the artificial reef concrete makes full use of construction waste and oyster shell waste, and improves the utilization rate of solid waste resources.
  • the present invention also provides the preparation method of the artificial reef concrete described in the above technical scheme, comprising the following steps:
  • the aggregate, fine material, water reducing agent and water are mixed to obtain the ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes.
  • the mixing preferably comprises the following steps:
  • the mixed slurry and aggregate are subjected to a third mixing.
  • the first mixing, the second mixing and the third mixing are preferably carried out independently under stirring conditions.
  • the rotational speed of the stirring of the first mixing and the second mixing is preferably 40-50 r/min; the time is preferably 55-65 s; the rotational speed of the stirring of the third mixing is preferably 40-50 r/min min; the time is preferably 85-95s.
  • the method for preparing artificial reef preferably comprises the following steps:
  • the artificial fish reef is obtained by successively forming and maintaining the ecological artificial reef concrete using various solid wastes.
  • the molding is preferably performed in a mold.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the shape and size of the mold, and can be determined according to the shape and size of the artificial reef.
  • the molding is preferably carried out by assembling the ecological artificial reef concrete using various solid wastes, and then removing the form after setting.
  • the method of inserting and tamping is preferably adopted in layers, and the number of layers of the layers is preferably 2 to 4 times; inserting and tamping is performed after the installation of each layer is completed, and the number of times of inserting and tamping is preferably 23 to 27 times.
  • the moulding After the moulding is completed, it also preferably includes: removing the artificial reef concrete protruding from the mould, and filling the depression.
  • the setting temperature is preferably normal temperature, more preferably 18-24°C; the time is preferably 20-36h; the curing temperature is preferably 18-22°C; the time is preferably 27-29 days;
  • the humidity of the curing environment is preferably 95% or more.
  • the cement slurry and 111kg of oyster shell powder were stirred for 60s at a rotating speed of 45r/min to obtain a mixed slurry;
  • the mass ratio of the mixed slurry and 1598 kg of natural granite crushed stone with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm is 1:3, the bulk density is 1598kg/m 3 , the apparent density is 2673kg/m 3 , the water absorption rate is 2.1%, the porosity is 40.2%, the crushing value is 5.6%; the mass content of needle-like particles is 8.7%) Stirring at 45r/min for 90s, an ecological artificial reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes was obtained.
  • the prepared oyster shell powder was subjected to XRD detection, and the XRD pattern was obtained as shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from Figure 2 that in the XRD pattern of oyster shell powder, typical diffraction peaks of CaCO3 appear at 23 °, 29°, 36°, 39°, 43°, 47.5°, and 48.5°. Yes, identify the oyster shell powder type number as PDF#70-0095.
  • the prepared oyster shell powder was tested by SEM, and the SEM image was obtained, as shown in FIG. 3 . It can be seen from Figure 3 that the oyster shell powder has a porous and loose flaky structure.
  • Examples 2-14 The artificial reef concrete was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the amount of the prepared raw materials was added according to Table 1.
  • the artificial reef concrete was prepared according to Example 1, except that the mass of ordinary Portland cement P ⁇ O 42.5 was 559kg, and the mass of oyster shell powder was 0.
  • the artificial reef concrete prepared in Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Example 1 was divided into 3 layers and put into a cube mold with a size of 100mm ⁇ 100mm ⁇ 100mm.
  • the mould of reef concrete was set at 23 °C for 24 hours and then demolded; the product after demolding was cured for 28 days at 20 °C with a relative humidity of 95% to obtain an artificial reef.
  • FIG. 4 The physical diagram of the shaped artificial reef concrete prepared from the artificial reef concrete prepared in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 4 , and the slice diagram of the shaped artificial reef concrete is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the shaped artificial reef concrete shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 has a certain porosity, which is suitable for the survival of marine organisms.
  • the strength of the artificial reef concrete mainly comes from the cohesive force of the cement slurry and the internal friction between the aggregates.
  • the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient are calculated according to formula (1):
  • K f is the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient %
  • f n is the measured value MPa of the compressive strength of a group of artificial reef concrete specimens after n times of sulfate dry-wet cycles
  • f 0 is the same proportion of artificial reef concrete
  • the measured value of the compressive strength of the specimen under the standard curing of the same age is MPa.
  • Table 5 The compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of artificial reef concrete prepared by Examples 1-14 and Comparative Example 1 after curing for 28 days after low temperature treatment
  • the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention not only reduces the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef concrete and has better ecological properties, but also improves the utilization rate of oyster shells, reduces the amount of cement, and greatly reduces the production cost.
  • the artificial reef concrete interface prepared in Comparative Example 1 is relatively dense, without a large number of pores and cracks; the oyster shell powder and There are boundaries between cements, and there are obvious cracks at the boundaries.
  • the structure is layered, and there are many pores and cracks, which increases the porosity of artificial reef concrete.
  • the invention uses recycled aggregate to replace part of natural aggregate and oyster shell powder to replace part of cement, effectively solves the problem of low utilization rate of solid waste, improves the environmental pollution caused by construction waste and oyster shell, and reduces the consumption of natural aggregate. Mining, saving resources.
  • the invention reduces the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef concrete and improves the compatibility with the ocean.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法。该混凝土包括以下质量份数的制备原料：骨料1420-1598份、细料555-657份、减水剂1-5份和水164-197份；其中，骨料包括天然骨料和/或再生骨料，再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为0～100%，再生骨料由建筑垃圾制备得到；细料包括水泥或水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物，牡蛎壳粉占水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物的质量百分含量≤40％；再生骨料和牡蛎壳粉不同时为0。该混凝用牡蛎壳粉部分取代水泥，降低了混凝土的碱度，避免人工鱼礁对海洋生物生存环境产生影响。

Description

一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法
本申请要求于2021年3月1日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202110225346.1、发明名称为“一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于人工鱼礁技术领域，具体涉及一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
人工鱼礁是人为在海中设置的构造物，其目的是改善海域生态系统，营造海洋生物栖息的良好环境，达到保护、增殖和提高渔获量的目的，可满足海洋生物生存生长需要，修复海洋生态系统。
传统制备人工鱼礁混凝土的工艺是通过将水泥、水、天然砂石、掺合料和外加剂按一定比例配制拌和而成，具有强度较高、整体性较好的优点，可以制备出形状规格多样、外形美观的人工鱼礁。但是使用普通水泥作为胶凝材料，导致人工鱼礁整体为强碱性环境，与生物适宜的偏酸环境相悖，且混凝土溶出液对海水环境的酸碱平衡也会造成不良影响。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法。本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土溶出液的碱性较弱，不会对海洋生物的生存环境产生较大影响。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土，包括以下质量份数的制备原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000002
所述骨料包括天然骨料和/或再生骨料，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为0～100％；所述再生骨料由建筑垃圾制备得到；
所述细料包括水泥或水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物，所述牡蛎壳粉占水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物的质量百分含量≤40％；
所述再生骨料和牡蛎壳粉不能同时为0。
优选的，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为25％、50％、75％、100％。
优选的，所述牡蛎壳粉的粒径为1000μm以下，比表面积为0.219～0.313m 2/g，表观密度为3000～3100kg/m 3。
优选的，所述天然骨料为天然花岗岩碎石；
所述减水剂包括脂肪族减水剂，所述减水剂的pH值为7.5～8.3；
所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥P·O 42.5。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将骨料、细料、减水剂和水混合，得到所述利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土。
优选的，当细料包括牡蛎壳粉时，所述混合包括以下步骤:
将水泥、水和减水剂进行第一混合，得到水泥浆料；
将所述水泥浆料和牡蛎壳粉进行第二混合，得到混合浆料；
将所述混合浆料和骨料进行第三混合。
优选的，所述第一混合、第二混合和第三混合在搅拌的条件下进行；
所述第一混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为55～65s；
所述第二混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为55～65s；
所述第三混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为85～95s。
在本发明中，当所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备原料包括再生骨料和牡蛎壳粉时，将牡蛎壳粉部分取代水泥，降低了人工鱼礁混凝土中水泥的含量，从而降低了人工鱼礁混凝土的碱度，避免由人工鱼礁混凝土制备的人工鱼礁对海洋生物的生存环境产生影响。再生骨料的添加提高了建筑垃圾的资源化利用率，对于解决固废污染、缓解天然骨料短缺和促进资源循环再利 用具有重大意义。
说明书附图
图1为牡蛎壳粉制备流程图；
图2为牡蛎壳粉的XRD图谱；
图3为牡蛎壳粉的SEM图；
图4为由实施例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土制备得到的定型人工鱼礁混凝土的实物图；
图5为实施例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土定型后的切片实物图；
图6为本发明实施例得到的人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天后的抗压强度和抗拉强度的线性曲线图；
图7为实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土溶出液pH值与试验天数的点线图；
图8为实施例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天的SEM图，其中a为养护3天的SEM图，b为养护28天的SEM图；
图9为实施例2制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天的SEM图，其中c为养护3天的SEM图，d为养护28天的SEM图；
图10为实施例8制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天的SEM图，其中e为养护3天的SEM图，f为养护28天的SEM图；
图11实施例14制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天的SEM图，其中g为养护3天的SEM图，h为养护28天的SEM图；
图12为对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天的SEM图，其中m为养护3天的SEM图，n为养护28天的SEM图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土，包括以下质量份数的制备原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000004
所述骨料包括天然骨料和/或再生骨料，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为0～100％；所述再生骨料由建筑垃圾制备得到；
所述细料包括水泥或水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物，所述牡蛎壳粉占水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物的质量百分含量为0～40％；
所述再生骨料和牡蛎壳粉不能同时为0。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备原料包括555～657份细料，优选为575～626份。在本发明中，所述细料包括水泥和/或牡蛎壳粉。在本发明中，所述水泥优选为普通硅酸盐水泥P·O 42.5。在本发明中，所述牡蛎壳粉的粒径优选为1000μm以下；比表面积优选为0.219～0.313m 2/g；表观密度优选为3000～3100kg/m 3。
在本发明中，所述牡蛎壳粉的制备方法优选包括以下步骤：将牡蛎壳破碎后筛分，得到牡蛎壳粉。
在本发明中，所述破碎前还优选包括：将牡蛎壳进行清洗晾晒后除杂。在本发明的实施例中，所述牡蛎壳来自青岛市盘龙村庄养殖加工厂。在本发明中，所述清洗是去除牡蛎壳表面的污泥；所述除杂为将牡蛎壳中残留的牡蛎肉除去。
在本发明中，所述筛分用网筛优选为16目标准网筛，所述筛分优选取筛下物。
在本发明中，所述筛分后还优选包括：将筛分后的产物进行水洗和干燥，得到所述牡蛎壳粉。在本发明中，所述水洗能够除去筛分后产物中的粉尘。在本发明中，所述干燥的温度优选为95～115℃；时间优选为22～26h。
在本发明的实施例中，按照图1所示制备流程图制备牡蛎壳粉，首先收集牡蛎壳，将收集到的牡蛎壳进行清洗，将清洗后的牡蛎壳破碎后筛分，将筛分后的产物进行水洗后烘干。
在本发明中，所述牡蛎壳粉占水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物的质量百分含量为0～40％，优选为20～30％，可具体为20％或40％。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备原料包括1～5份减水剂，优选为2～3份；所述减水剂优选包括脂肪族减水剂，所述脂肪族减水剂优选为非引气型脂肪族高效减水剂。在本发明中，所述减水剂的pH值优 选为7.5～8.3，所述减水剂的减水率优选为20～30％。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备原料包括164～197份水，优选为173～177份。在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的水胶比优选为0.3:1。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备原料包括1420～1598份骨料，优选为1490～1510份。在本发明中，所述骨料包括天然骨料和/或再生骨料；所述再生骨料由建筑垃圾经粉碎得到，所述再生骨料的粒径优选为5～20mm；堆积密度优选为1400～1450kg/m 3；表观密度优选为2600～2650kg/m 3；吸水率优选为1～5％；空隙率优选为45～55％；压碎值优选为5～29％；针片状颗粒质量含量优选为10～18％。在本发明的实施例中，所述再生骨料优选购自青岛绿帆再生建材有限公司。
在本发明中，所述天然骨料优选为天然花岗岩碎石，所述天然骨料的粒径优选为5～20mm，在本发明中，所述天然骨料的粒径优选为连续级配，粒径为大于等于5mm且小于10mm和粒径为大于等于10mm且小于等于20mm的天然骨料的质量比优选为1:2.8～3.2。在本发明中，所述天然骨料的堆积密度优选为1570～1620kg/m 3；表观密度优选为2650～2700kg/m 3，；吸水率优选为1～4％；空隙率优选为35～45％；压碎值优选为1～10％；针片状颗粒质量含量优选为5～10％。
在本发明中，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为0～100％，优选为25～75％，可具体为25％、50％或75％。
在本发明中，当再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为25％时，所述人工鱼礁混凝土优选包括以下原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000005
当再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为50％时，所述人工鱼礁混凝土优选包括以下原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000006
当再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为75％时，所述人工鱼礁混凝土优选包括以下原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000007
当再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为100％时，所述人工鱼礁混凝土优选包括以下原料：
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000008
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的孔隙率优选为10～15％。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土充分利用了建筑垃圾、牡蛎壳废物，提高了固废资源利用率。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将骨料、细料、减水剂和水混合，得到所述利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土。
在本发明中，当细料包括牡蛎壳粉时，所述混合优选包括以下步骤:
将水泥、水和减水剂进行第一混合，得到水泥浆料；
将所述水泥浆料和牡蛎壳粉进行第二混合，得到混合浆料；
将所述混合浆料和骨料进行第三混合。
在本发明中，所述第一混合、第二混合和第三混合优选独立的在搅拌的条件下进行。在本发明中，所述第一混合和第二混合的搅拌的转速独立的优选为40～50r/min；时间优选为55～65s；所述第三混合的搅拌的转速优选为40～50r/min；时间优选为85～95s。
在本发明中，制备人工鱼礁的方法优选包括以下步骤：
将利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土依次进行成型和养护得到人工鱼礁。
在本发明中，所述成型优选在模具中进行。本发明对所述模具的形状和尺寸无特殊要求，根据人工鱼礁的形状和尺寸确定即可。
在本发明中，所述成型优选为将利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土进行装模，定型后进行拆模。在本发明中，所述装模优选采用分层插捣的方式，所述分层的层数优选为2～4次；每层装铺完成后进行插捣，所述插捣的次数优选为23～27次。装模完成后还优选包括：将凸出模具的人工鱼礁混凝土除去，将凹陷处填平。本发明在进行定型前优选将装有人工鱼礁混凝土的模具表面覆盖保鲜膜。
在本发明中，所述定型的温度优选为常温，更优选为18～24℃；时间优选为20～36h；所述养护的温度优选为18～22℃；时间优选为27～29天；所述养护环境的湿度优选为95％以上。
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
收集青岛市盘龙村庄养殖加工厂丢弃的牡蛎壳，将收集到的牡蛎壳清洗后晾晒，除去晾晒后牡蛎壳中残留的牡蛎肉；将除杂后的牡蛎壳进行粉碎后过16目标准网筛，取筛下物，得到粒径为1000μm以下的牡蛎壳粉(比表面积为0.230～0.300m 2/g，表观密度为3050～3065kg/m 3)；
将建筑垃圾粉碎后，得到粒径为5～20mm的再生骨料(表观密度为2623kg/m 3；吸水率为3.2％；空隙率为50.9％；压碎值为25.4％；针片状颗粒质量含量为15.8％)；
将445kg普通硅酸盐水泥P·O 42.5、167kg水和1.67kg非引气型脂肪族高效减水剂，以45r/min的转速搅拌60s，得到水泥浆料；
将所述水泥浆料和111kg牡蛎壳粉，以45r/min的转速搅拌60s，得到混合浆料；
将所述混合浆料和1598kg粒径为5～20mm的天然花岗岩碎石(粒径大于等于5mm且小于10mm的再生骨料和粒径大于等于10mm且小于等于20mm的再生骨料的质量比为1:3，堆积密度为1598kg/m 3，表观密度为2673kg/m 3，吸水率为2.1％，空隙率为40.2％，压碎值为5.6％；针片状颗粒质量含量为8.7％)以45r/min的转速搅拌90s，得到利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土。
将制备得到的牡蛎壳粉进行XRD检测，得到XRD图谱如图2所示。由图2可知，牡蛎壳粉的XRD图谱中，在23°、29°、36°、39°、43°、47.5°、48.5°处出现典型的CaCO 3的衍射峰，通过与JCPDS卡相比对，确定牡蛎壳粉类型编号为PDF#70-0095。
将制备得到的牡蛎壳粉进行SEM检测，得到SEM图，如图3所示。由图3可知牡蛎壳粉呈多孔和松散片状结构。
实施例2～14按照实施例1的方法制备人工鱼礁混凝土，制备原料的用量按照表1进行添加。
表1 实施例1～14制备人工鱼礁混凝土的原料用量
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000010
对比例1
按照实施例1制备人工鱼礁混凝土，不同之处在于，普通硅酸盐水泥P·O 42.5的质量为559kg，牡蛎壳粉的质量为0。
实施例15
将实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土分3层装入尺寸为100mm×100mm×100mm的立方体模具中，每次铺装完成后插捣25下，将装有人工鱼礁混凝土的模具在23℃定型24h后拆模；将拆模后产物在20℃相对湿度为95％的环境中养护28天，得到人工鱼礁。
由实施例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土制备得到的定型人工鱼礁混凝土的实物图如图4所示，定型人工鱼礁混凝土的切片图如图5所示。由图4和图5所示定型人工鱼礁混凝土具有一定的孔隙率，适于海洋生物的生存。
抗压强度检测：
按照GB/T 50081-2016检测养护3天、7天和28天的定型后的人工鱼礁混凝土的抗压强度，其结果列于表2中。
表2 由实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土定型后的抗压强度
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000012
根据SC/T9416—2014《人工鱼礁建设技术规范》可知人工鱼礁混凝土养护3天后抗压强度大于10MPa、养护28天后抗压强度大于20MPa即可满足人工鱼礁混凝土的力学性能要求。
由表2可知，本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土均能满足人工鱼礁混凝土的力学性能要求。
抗拉强度检测：
按照GB/T 50081-2016检测养护28天的定型后的人工鱼礁混凝土的抗拉强度，其结果列于表3中。
表3 由实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天后的抗拉强度
实施例 抗拉强度(MPa)
实施例1 2.53
实施例2 2.27
实施例3 2.64
实施例4 2.31
实施例5 1.87
实施例6 2.41
实施例7 2.26
实施例8 1.75
实施例9 2.29
实施例10 2.02
实施例11 1.69
实施例12 1.9
实施例13 1.68
实施例14 1.27
对比例1 3.01
将人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天的抗压强度和抗拉强度的数据拟合为线性曲线，所述线性曲线为y＝1/13x；其中y为抗拉强度，x为抗压强度。线性曲线图如图6所示。
结合线性曲线和图6可知，本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土的抗拉强度和抗压强度之间存在良好的线性关系，抗拉强度为抗压强度的1/20～1/10，这与普通混凝土情况相似。
在本发明中，所述人工鱼礁混凝土的强度主要来自于水泥浆的粘结力 和骨料之间的内摩擦。
硫酸盐侵蚀性能检测：
按照B/T 50082—2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准》对养护28天后的人工鱼礁混凝土进行硫酸盐干湿循环试验，所用仪器为HYT-LS-18全自动混凝土硫酸盐干湿循环试验机。试验干湿循环次数分别达到30次、60次和90次时，将试件取出与同龄期下标准养护的试件一同进行混凝土抗压强度试验；混凝土的的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能通过抗压强度耐蚀系数表征，其结果列于表4中。
抗压强度耐蚀系数按式(1)进行计算:
K f＝f n/f 0×100％          式(1)
其中，K f为抗压强度耐蚀系数％；f n为n次硫酸盐干湿循环后一组人工鱼礁混凝土试件的抗压强度测定值MPa；f 0为相同配比人工鱼礁混凝土试件在同龄期标准养护下的抗压强度测定值MPa。
表4 实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天后经过硫酸盐浸泡后的抗压强度耐蚀系数
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000013
根据GB/T 50082—2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法 标准》的要求可知，人工鱼礁混凝土的抗压强度耐蚀系数≥0.75，由表4可知，本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土满足人工鱼礁混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。
低温性能检测：
将养护28天后的人工鱼礁混凝土置于EU-02KA型高低温试验箱中，设置温度为2℃，分别放置30天、60天和90天后将人工鱼礁混凝土取出和养护28天没有低温保存的人工鱼礁混凝土一同进行混凝土抗压强度实验。混凝土的低温性能通过抗压强度耐蚀系数表征，其结果列于表5中。
低温处理的抗压强度耐蚀系数按式(2)进行计算:
K f＝f n/f 0×100％        式(2)
其中，K f为抗压强度耐蚀系数，％；f n为n次硫酸盐干湿循环后一组人工鱼礁混凝土试件的抗压强度测定值，MPa；f 0为相同配合比人工鱼礁混凝土试件在同龄期标准养护下的抗压强度测定值，MPa。
表5 实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天后经过低温处理的抗压强度耐蚀系数
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000014
根据GB/T 50082—2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准》的要求可知，人工鱼礁混凝土经过低温处理的抗压强度耐蚀系数 ≥0.75，由表5可知，本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土满足人工鱼礁混凝土的低温性能。
人工鱼礁混凝土溶出液pH值检测：
将养护28天的人工鱼礁混凝土浸泡在配置好的人工海水(将速溶海水晶和水按照1：30的质量比进行配制)中，每24h更换一次海水，每天固定时间使用pH测试笔对人工鱼礁混凝土溶出液的pH进行测定。其结果列于表6中，根据表6中数据绘制点线图如图7所示。
表6 实施例1～14和对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土养护28天后溶出液的pH值
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-000016
水泥在水化过程中，会释放硅酸钙和氢氧化钙等各种碱性物质，使海水pH升高。结合表6和图7可知，本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土在浸泡7天后，人工鱼礁混凝土溶出液pH值明显降低，满足海洋生物生存条件。本发明提供的人工鱼礁混凝土在使人工鱼礁混凝土碱性降低、生态性更好的同时，提高了牡蛎壳的利用率，减少了水泥用量，大大降低了生产成本。
人工鱼礁混凝土微观结构检测：
将实施例1、2、8、14和对比例1制备的到的人工鱼礁混凝土分别养护3天和28天进行SEM检测，得到相应的SEM图，如图8～12所示；其中，各图的名称见说明书附图。
由图8～12可以看出，对比例1制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土界面较为密实，无大量孔隙和裂缝；实施例1、2、8、14制备得到的人工鱼礁混凝土中牡蛎壳粉与水泥之间存在界限，且界限处有明显的裂缝，结构呈层理状，有较多的孔隙和裂缝，增大了人工鱼礁混凝土的孔隙率。
本发明利用再生骨料替代部分天然骨料，利用牡蛎壳粉替代部分水泥，有效解决了固体废弃物利用率低的难题，改善建筑垃圾和牡蛎壳对环境的污染问题，并且减少天然骨料的开采，节约资源。本发明在保证人工鱼礁混凝土具有良好的力学性能和耐久性能前提下，降低了人工鱼礁混凝土碱性，提高了与海洋相容性。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述，但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例，这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土，包括以下质量份数的制备原料：
    Figure PCTCN2021107030-appb-100001
    所述骨料包括天然骨料和/或再生骨料，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为0～100％；所述再生骨料由建筑垃圾制备得到；
    所述细料包括水泥或水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物，所述牡蛎壳粉占水泥和牡蛎壳粉混合物的质量百分含量≤40％；
    所述再生骨料和牡蛎壳粉不同时为0。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述人工鱼礁混凝土，其特征在于，所述再生骨料占骨料的质量百分含量为25％、50％、75％、100％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述人工鱼礁混凝土，其特征在于，所述牡蛎壳粉的粒径为1000μm以下，比表面积为0.219～0.313m 2/g，表观密度为3000～3100kg/m3。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述人工鱼礁混凝土，其特征在于，所述天然骨料为天然花岗岩碎石；
    所述减水剂包括脂肪族减水剂，所述减水剂的pH值为7.5～8.3；
    所述水泥为普通硅酸盐水泥P·O 42.5。
  5. 权利要求1～4任一项所述人工鱼礁混凝土的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    将骨料、细料、减水剂和水混合，得到所述利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述制备方法，其特征在于，当细料包括牡蛎壳粉时，所述混合包括以下步骤:
    将水泥、水和减水剂进行第一混合，得到水泥浆料；
    将所述水泥浆料和牡蛎壳粉进行第二混合，得到混合浆料；
    将所述混合浆料和骨料进行第三混合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述制备方法，其特征在于，所述第一混合、第二混合和第三混合在搅拌的条件下进行；
    所述第一混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为55～65s；
    所述第二混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为55～65s；
    所述第三混合的搅拌速度为40～50r/min，时间为85～95s。
PCT/CN2021/107030 2021-03-01 2021-07-19 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法 WO2022183662A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110225346.1A CN112876170A (zh) 2021-03-01 2021-03-01 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法
CN202110225346.1 2021-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022183662A1 true WO2022183662A1 (zh) 2022-09-09

Family

ID=76055048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/107030 WO2022183662A1 (zh) 2021-03-01 2021-07-19 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112876170A (zh)
WO (1) WO2022183662A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA202107694B (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112876170A (zh) * 2021-03-01 2021-06-01 青岛农业大学 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法
CN115611587B (zh) * 2022-11-02 2023-08-29 广东工业大学 一种植生型多孔混凝土及其制备方法和应用

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102875107A (zh) * 2012-07-11 2013-01-16 北京科技大学 一种以废弃混凝土制备超低水泥人工鱼礁混凝土的方法
CN104396802A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2015-03-11 扬州大学 一种低碳环保材料构建新型人工鱼礁的制作方法
CN104529286A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-04-22 广东石油化工学院 一种新型混凝土人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN104938384A (zh) * 2015-06-18 2015-09-30 广东工业大学 一种仿生混凝土人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN106277960A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2017-01-04 扬州大学 基于再生骨料的c30混凝土及其制备方法
CN108424084A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-08-21 中国海洋大学 构建生态型人工鱼礁的复合材料和制作方法
CN110698154A (zh) * 2019-10-26 2020-01-17 浙江大学 钢渣粉人工鱼礁材料及其制备方法
CN111847963A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-30 青岛筑华环保科技有限公司 一种基于固废物的人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN112876170A (zh) * 2021-03-01 2021-06-01 青岛农业大学 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100502698B1 (ko) * 1999-12-21 2005-07-20 주식회사 해중 환경친화적인 해양 구조물 제조용 석화 콘크리트 조성물 및 그 제조방법
CN103833322A (zh) * 2014-02-28 2014-06-04 常州北科节能环保科技有限公司 一种利用钢渣泥和建筑垃圾生产混凝土人工鱼礁的方法
CN106135080A (zh) * 2016-06-26 2016-11-23 仇颖莹 一种贝壳粉末人工鱼礁材料的制备方法
CN106699059A (zh) * 2016-12-25 2017-05-24 吴迪 一种高耐久性鱼礁材料的制备方法
CN107667941A (zh) * 2017-09-27 2018-02-09 浙江海洋大学 一种新型贝壳基混凝土鱼礁
CN112939563A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-11 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 用于海洋鱼礁的生物凝胶材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102875107A (zh) * 2012-07-11 2013-01-16 北京科技大学 一种以废弃混凝土制备超低水泥人工鱼礁混凝土的方法
CN104396802A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2015-03-11 扬州大学 一种低碳环保材料构建新型人工鱼礁的制作方法
CN104529286A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-04-22 广东石油化工学院 一种新型混凝土人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN104938384A (zh) * 2015-06-18 2015-09-30 广东工业大学 一种仿生混凝土人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN106277960A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2017-01-04 扬州大学 基于再生骨料的c30混凝土及其制备方法
CN108424084A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-08-21 中国海洋大学 构建生态型人工鱼礁的复合材料和制作方法
CN111847963A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-30 青岛筑华环保科技有限公司 一种基于固废物的人工鱼礁及其制备方法
CN110698154A (zh) * 2019-10-26 2020-01-17 浙江大学 钢渣粉人工鱼礁材料及其制备方法
CN112876170A (zh) * 2021-03-01 2021-06-01 青岛农业大学 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
YANG, E.I. ; KIM, M.Y. ; PARK, H.G. ; YI, S.T.: "Effect of partial replacement of sand with dry oyster shell on the long-term performance of concrete", CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ELSEVIER, NETHERLANDS, vol. 24, no. 5, 1 May 2010 (2010-05-01), Netherlands , pages 758 - 765, XP026925823, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.032 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA202107694B (en) 2022-06-29
CN112876170A (zh) 2021-06-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2022183662A1 (zh) 一种利用多种固废物的生态型人工鱼礁混凝土及其制备方法
CN112341123B (zh) 一种抗海水腐蚀的瓷砖粘结剂及其生产方法
CN109650824A (zh) 一种再生混凝土及其制备方法
WO2022041374A1 (zh) 一种低品质骨料的改性材料及处理方法
CN113429141B (zh) 一种胶凝材料及其制备方法和应用
Rukzon et al. An experimental investigation of the carbonation of blended portland cement palm oil fuel ash mortar in an indoor environment
CN112028565A (zh) 一种再生粗骨料海水海砂混凝土及其制备方法和应用
CN111439964A (zh) 一种利用废弃加气混凝土制备的干粉保温砌筑砂浆
WO2018040558A1 (zh) 一种建筑垃圾作为骨料和工业固体废弃物作为掺合料制备气凝胶复合砂岩板的方法
CN115893912A (zh) 一种低碳型地聚物砂浆修复材料及其制备方法
CN113716920A (zh) 一种工业废料大比例取代水泥的泡沫混凝土墙体材料
WO2021012308A1 (zh) 一种有机纤维增韧无机复合人造石材面板及其制备方法
Yu et al. Natural lime treated as partial cement replacement to produce concrete
CN109608141B (zh) 一种抗盐侵蚀混凝土及其制备方法
CN110451876B (zh) 一种建筑垃圾废弃砖为载体的自修复混凝土及其制备方法
CN110510944A (zh) 一种玄武岩纤维珊瑚混凝土及其制备方法
CN115818995A (zh) 一种玄武岩砂的制备方法及水泥基材料
CN111377670B (zh) 再生混凝土及其制备方法
CN114735985A (zh) 一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法
CN114315270A (zh) 一种掺加钢纤维和漂珠的高强减缩水泥砂浆及其制备方法
CN102863175A (zh) 一种再生骨料型生态砼用外加剂
CN110526669A (zh) 一种基于磷酸镁水泥混凝土的耐久生态型人工鱼礁及其制造方法
CN112521094A (zh) 装配式建筑用c35免蒸汽养护混凝土及其制备方法
CN103641394A (zh) 一种用于人工海岸的大孔径生态混凝土及其制备方法
CN110963755A (zh) 一种关于混凝土的可调控内养护技术

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21928740

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21928740

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1