CN114735985A - 一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑砂浆技术领域,公开了一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法,该砂浆是由以下重量份数配比的原料制备而成:珊瑚砂:1220~1280份;水泥:480~560份;工业废渣:95~140份;外加剂:3.1~5.1份;聚合物:4.8~7.5份;纤维:3.8~6.1份;海水:250~280份;所述珊瑚砂作为细集料,工业废渣包括矿渣粉、粉煤灰和硅灰,其中矿渣粉用量占工业废渣总质量的70~75%。本发明通过科学的配比与优化,解决了由于珊瑚砂脆性大对砂浆强度造成的不利影响,使所得珊瑚砂浆具有良好工作性的同时,抗压强度在70MPa以上,能够保证建筑结构的安全性和可靠性,并实现了阻裂的工程目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑砂浆技术领域,具体为一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于海洋产业的不断开发,远离海岸线岛屿上的土木工程建设数量逐渐增加。砂浆作为主要的建筑抹面和修补材料,需求显著增加。然而,在海洋环境中,用于砂浆生产的原材料短缺,特别是砂和水资源。从大陆运输带来了巨大的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放。
因此,选择非传统的和回收的海水和珊瑚砂生产珊瑚砂浆是有希望的方式,不仅解决了传统建筑材料的短缺问题,还缓解了运输、天气变化对环境和项目进度造成的不利影响,同时对岛上砂浆生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。经检索,目前有关海洋工程所用砂浆的专利文献报道均采用河砂、石英砂和淡水制备而成,原材料并未采用过珊瑚砂及使用海水拌和。
由于珊瑚砂具有疏松多孔结构、形状不规则、吸水率高且脆性大的特点,常规方法制备出的珊瑚砂浆面临和易性差、强度低、易开裂等瓶颈难题。因此,亟需研发出一种具有抗裂、高强特性的珊瑚砂浆,并推广使用,以满足海岛工程建设对砂浆材料日益增长的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法,通过同步改进配方及制备工艺,以解决上述背景所提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其由以下重量份数配比的原料制备而成:
珊瑚砂:1220~1280份;
水泥:480~560份;
工业废渣:95~140份;
外加剂:3.1~5.1份;
聚合物:4.8~7.5份;
纤维:3.8~6.1份;
海水:250~280份。
优选的,所述珊瑚砂采用的是经过自然风化、侵蚀或开挖基础、疏浚航道产生的珊瑚碎屑将其作为细集料。
优选的,所述水泥为P·Ⅱ42.5及以上等级的普通硅酸盐水泥。
优选的,所述工业废渣包括矿渣粉、粉煤灰和硅灰,其中矿渣粉用量占工业废渣总质量的70~75%,粉煤灰用量占工业废渣总质量的25~17%,硅粉用量占工业废渣总质量的5~8%。
优选的,所述外加剂为减水剂,所述减水剂选用聚羧酸基粉剂或液体。
优选的,所述聚合物由可分散乳胶粉和纤维素醚按质量比12:1混合而成,其中所述可再分散乳胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚乳胶粉,所述纤维素醚为羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选的,所述纤维为玄武岩纤维、碳纤维或者聚丙烯纤维中的一种,其直径为0.12-0.16μm,长度为10~12mm。
优选的,海水是用天然海水或人工配合海水,海水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.41-0.46,其中胶凝材料包括水泥和工业废渣。
一种前述抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a.将珊瑚砂预湿处理,以补偿内部孔隙吸水,用于预湿珊瑚砂的海水并未计算在水胶比中,预湿水量根据珊瑚砂在饱和面状态下的吸水率与珊瑚砂添加质量乘积确定;
b.称取水泥和工业废渣原料,并进行混合搅拌,制备均匀分散的胶凝混合干料;
c.向胶凝混合料中加入预湿珊瑚砂,搅拌60-70秒,混合均匀后,加入50%的海水和50%的外加剂,继续搅拌120-150秒;
d.加入剩余的海水和外加剂,同时将聚合物添加到砂浆混合物中,继续搅拌120-150秒;
e.将纤维少量、多次、逐步添加到砂浆混合物中,继续搅拌120-150秒;使纤维均匀分散在混合料中,并获得150-200mm的流动度,已完成珊瑚砂浆的搅拌;
f.将得到的新拌珊瑚砂浆合料均匀分两次倒入模具中,每次振动60秒,整个过程在5分钟内完成,并振捣密实;
g.将表面多余的混合料挂掉并抹平表面,覆盖塑料薄膜以防止水分蒸发,在常温下养护养护22-24小时后拆除模具,置于水箱中养护28天。
有益效果:
本发明提供的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法,具备以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的珊瑚砂浆,可有效利用海岛上的珊瑚碎屑和海水资源,60%以上的原材料实现了就地取材,这极大缓解了远洋海岛上建筑原材料短缺的问题;由于珊瑚砂属于废料,伴随着海水的使用,显著降低了生产成本,并避免了由于大量原材料运输而影响的建设工期,另一方面,珊瑚砂的利用,也释放了被珊瑚碎屑占据的有限海岛空间,保护了海岛的生态环境。
(2)本发明的珊瑚砂浆中使用工业废渣,这减少了部分水泥的使用,降低了水泥水化放热,减少了由于温度变化产生的收缩和开裂问题;同时,细度更小的矿渣粉、粉煤灰和硅粉可以实现对水泥颗粒间隙的填充,使基体更加密实,此外,多孔珊瑚的内养护效应,也有利于改善珊瑚砂浆的强度和干燥收缩行为,上述效应的综合作用,显著提高珊瑚砂浆的抗压强度发展。
(3)本发明的珊瑚砂浆中添加的聚合物和纤维,聚合物颗粒粘聚在一起形成连续连接的膜网结构,提高了珊瑚砂浆的抗裂性和拉伸粘结强度;纤维的使用阻止并延缓微裂缝的发展,大幅度提升珊瑚砂浆的韧性和抗裂性能,此外,珊瑚砂颗粒具有条状和棒状的形状,赋予了珊瑚砂具有矿物纤维的特性,提高了珊瑚砂浆的断裂性能,也起到了阻裂的作用。在上述的综合作用下,使所得珊瑚砂浆具备了优异抗裂性能。
(4)本发明通过科学的配比与优化,解决了由于珊瑚砂脆性大对砂浆强度造成的不利影响,使所得珊瑚砂浆具有良好工作性的同时,抗压强度在70MPa以上,能够保证建筑结构的安全性和可靠性,并实现了阻裂的工程目的。
(5)本发明提出的珊瑚砂浆的制备方法,操作简单,使用传统设备即可完成生产,无需购置新的机械设备,便于掌握,生产成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例制备方法的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例:
参见图1、表1,本发明各实施例提供的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆及其制备方法,其记载了本发明各实施例(及对比例)所采用的具体原料组分、配比和工艺。
本发明各实施例和对比例中,所用珊瑚砂来源于自然风化、侵蚀或开挖基础、疏浚航道产生的珊瑚碎屑,珊瑚砂经筛分获得了粒径级配范围在0.015-4.75mm之间的中砂;
本发明各实施例和对比例中水泥均为P·Ⅱ42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥;
本发明个实施例中胶凝材料包括水泥和工业废渣,其中工业废渣有矿渣粉、粉煤灰和硅粉组成,矿渣粉用量占工业废渣总质量的70~75%,粉煤灰用量占工业废渣总质量的25~17%,硅粉用量占工业废渣总质量的5-8%;
本发明各实施例中,矿渣粉为S105级矿渣粉,比表面积为850m2/Kg;粉煤灰为I级粉煤灰,比表面积为760m2/Kg;所述的硅灰,SiO2含量94%,比表面积22200m2/Kg;
本发明各实施例中外加剂为聚羧酸基减水剂,其减水率为30%;
本发明各实施例中聚合物可再分散乳胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚乳胶粉和羟丙基甲基纤维素醚按质量比为12:1混合而成,其中醋酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚乳胶粉的堆积面密度572Kg/m3,固含量99%,最低成膜温度为4℃。
本发明各实施例中纤维为玄武岩纤维,其直径为0.16μm,长度为10-12mm;
本发明各实施例和对比例中的海水为人工海水,根据ASTM D11141规范配制而成。实施例和对比例中水胶比为海水与胶凝材料的质量比,范围在0.41-0.46之间;
本发明根据抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆原料的配比范围,结合水胶比适宜范围,实施例1-3、5-9和对比例2中的水胶比为0.44;对比例1和实施例4中的水胶较比为0.41;实施例10的水胶比为0.45;
各实施例和对比例中原材料配比如表1所示:
表1实施例和对比例珊瑚砂浆各物质配比(按重量计)
实施例和对比例的珊瑚砂浆制备方法如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
a.将珊瑚砂预湿处理,以补偿内部孔隙吸水;
b.称取水泥和工业废渣,并进行混合搅拌,制备均匀分散的胶凝混合干料;
c.向胶凝混合料中加入预湿珊瑚砂,搅拌60-70秒,混合均匀后,加入50%的海水和50%的外加剂,继续搅拌120-150秒;
d.加入剩余的海水和外加剂,同时将聚合物添加到砂浆混合物中,继续搅拌120-150秒;
e.将纤维加入砂浆混合料中,继续搅拌120-150秒,使纤维均匀分散在混合料中,并获得150-200mm的流动度,已完成珊瑚砂浆的搅拌;
f.将得到的新拌珊瑚砂浆装入模具中,并振捣密实;
g.将表面多余的混合料挂掉并抹平表面,覆盖塑料薄膜以防止水分蒸发,在常温下养护养护22-24小时后拆除模具置于水箱中养护28天;
对上述实施例和对比例中的珊瑚砂浆进行了流动度、28天抗压强度、28天拉伸粘结强度和开裂指数测试;
按照GB/T 2419-2005《水泥胶砂流动度测定方法》对新拌珊瑚砂浆进行流动度测试;
按照GB/T 17671-1999《水泥胶砂强度检验方法(ISO法)》标准方法对珊瑚砂浆进行抗压强度测试;
按照JGJ/T 70-2009《建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法》标准方法对珊瑚砂浆进行拉伸粘结强度测试;
按照JC/T 951-2005《水泥砂浆抗裂性能试验方法》对珊瑚砂浆进行抗裂性检测,评价指标为开裂指数,开裂指数值越小,代表砂浆的抗裂性越好;
测试结果如表2所示:
表2实施例和对比例的珊瑚砂浆性能测试结果
编号 | 流动度/mm | 28天抗压强度/MPa | 28天拉伸粘结强度/MPa | 开裂指数/mm |
对比例1 | 150 | 43.7 | 0.56 | 151.4 |
对比例2 | 155 | 44.3 | 0.78 | 176.1 |
实施例1 | 180 | 59.7 | 1.20 | 108.3 |
实施例2 | 175 | 62.6 | 1.45 | 83.2 |
实施例3 | 185 | 63.1 | 1.38 | 79.4 |
实施例4 | 160 | 64.4 | 1.41 | 80.4 |
实施例5 | 178 | 66.2 | 1.65 | 35.4 |
实施例6 | 175 | 68.4 | 1.87 | 28.4 |
实施例7 | 180 | 71.5 | 1.66 | 13.7 |
实施例8 | 175 | 73.7 | 1.45 | 12.4 |
实施例9 | 177 | 74.9 | 1.63 | 11.9 |
实施例10 | 180 | 70.3 | 1.51 | 15.6 |
从表2中实施例1-2可以看出,随着工业废渣用量的增加,珊瑚砂浆的抗压强度和拉伸粘结强度增加。结果表明珊瑚砂浆可根据实际需要调整水泥和工业废渣用量以改善力学强度;
实施例2-3可以发现,随着外加剂用量的增加,砂浆强度变化不大,但是流动度增加。结果指明珊瑚砂浆的工作性可根据外加剂用量调节;
实施例1和实施例4可以看出,水胶比的降低提高了珊瑚砂浆的强度,但是显著降低了流动度;
实施例5-8可以看出,聚合物的添加改善了砂浆的拉伸粘结强度,显著提高了珊瑚砂浆的抗裂性能;随着纤维的掺入开裂指数显著降低;开裂指数随着聚合物和纤维的掺入的增加而降低;
由表2可以看出,实施例7-10的28天抗压强度全部超高70MPa,与对比例1-2相比提高了60%以上,同时流动度基本控制在170-200mm之间;实施例7-10的开裂指数与对比例1-2相比大幅度下降;与对比例相比,实施例7-10的珊瑚砂浆具有抗压强度高,拉伸粘结强度好,开裂指数较小的特点,适宜在海洋工程建设应用。
本发明上述实施例通过科学的配比与优化,解决了由于珊瑚砂脆性大对砂浆强度造成的不利影响,使所得珊瑚砂浆具有良好工作性的同时,抗压强度在70MPa以上,能够保证建筑结构的安全性和可靠性,并实现了阻裂的工程目的。
上述实施例为本发明优选的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于,其由以下重量份数配比的原料制备而成:
珊瑚砂:1220~1280份;
水泥:480~560份;
工业废渣:95~140份;
外加剂:3.1~5.1份;
聚合物:4.8~7.5份;
纤维:3.8~6.1份;
海水:250~280份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述珊瑚砂,采用的是经过自然风化、侵蚀或开挖基础、疏浚航道产生的珊瑚碎屑将其作为细集料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述水泥为P·Ⅱ42.5及以上等级的普通硅酸盐水泥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述工业废渣包括矿渣粉、粉煤灰和硅灰,其中矿渣粉用量占工业废渣总质量的70~75%,粉煤灰用量占工业废渣总质量的25~17%,硅粉用量占工业废渣总质量的5~8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述外加剂为减水剂,所述减水剂选用聚羧酸基粉剂或液体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述聚合物由可分散乳胶粉和纤维素醚按质量比12:1混合而成,其中所述可再分散乳胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚乳胶粉,所述纤维素醚为羟丙基甲基纤维素。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述纤维为玄武岩纤维、碳纤维或者聚丙烯纤维中的一种,其直径为0.12-0.16μm,长度为10~12mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆,其特征在于:所述海水是用天然海水或人工配合海水,海水与胶凝材料的质量比为0.41-0.46,其中胶凝材料包括水泥和工业废渣。
9.一种根据权利要求1至8任一项所述抗裂高强型珊瑚砂浆的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
a.将珊瑚砂预湿处理,以补偿内部孔隙吸水,用于预湿珊瑚砂的海水并未计算在水胶比中,预湿水量根据珊瑚砂在饱和面状态下的吸水率与珊瑚砂添加质量乘积确定;
b.称取水泥和工业废渣原料,并进行混合搅拌,制备均匀分散的胶凝混合干料;
c.向胶凝混合料中加入预湿珊瑚砂,搅拌60-70秒,混合均匀后,加入50%的海水和50%的外加剂,继续搅拌120-150秒;
d.加入剩余的海水和外加剂,同时将聚合物添加到砂浆混合物中,继续搅拌120-150秒;
e.将纤维少量、多次、逐步添加到砂浆混合物中,继续搅拌120-150秒;使纤维均匀分散在混合料中,并获得150-200mm的流动度,已完成珊瑚砂浆的搅拌;
f.将得到的新拌珊瑚砂浆合料均匀分两次倒入模具中,每次振动60秒,整个过程在5分钟内完成,并振捣密实;
g.将表面多余的混合料挂掉并抹平表面,覆盖塑料薄膜以防止水分蒸发,在常温下养护养护22-24小时后拆除模具,置于水箱中养护28天。
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Application publication date: 20220712 |