WO2022180682A1 - 制御装置、制御システム、制御方法およびプログラム記録媒体 - Google Patents
制御装置、制御システム、制御方法およびプログラム記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/60—Intended control result
- G05D1/69—Coordinated control of the position or course of two or more vehicles
- G05D1/698—Control allocation
- G05D1/6983—Control allocation by distributed or sequential control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/60—Intended control result
- G05D1/69—Coordinated control of the position or course of two or more vehicles
- G05D1/695—Coordinated control of the position or course of two or more vehicles for maintaining a fixed relative position of the vehicles, e.g. for convoy travelling or formation flight
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to control technology, and in particular to autonomous control of robots that operate in cooperation.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for controlling positions by communicating among a plurality of such robots.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of moving robots so as to restore communication when communication disruption between robots is detected.
- Patent Literature 2 discloses an autonomous robot having a receiver that communicates with a transmitter possessed by a person and a sensor that detects surrounding objects. The robot of Patent Document 2 operates so as to avoid contact with an object detected by a sensor.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a plurality of autonomous mobile robots that recognize each other's positions and move.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of maintaining communication by quantifying the strength of communication in the entire multi-agent system and limiting the distance between robots so that the value of the strength of communication is kept above a certain level. It is shown.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses an automatic control technique for maintaining safety.
- JP 2017-62768 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 2019-502501 JP 2017-59217 A
- Patent Document 1 the technology of Patent Document 1 is not sufficient in the following points.
- the position of the robot is moved so as to restore communication when communication is interrupted, but normal robot operation cannot be continued.
- Patent Document 2 Patent Document 3, and Non-Patent Document 1
- automatic control cannot be performed when communication is not possible.
- Non-Patent Document 2 also does not describe a technique for performing automatic control when communication is not possible. Therefore, the techniques described in each prior art document may not be able to continuously control the position of the robot when the communication environment is bad.
- the present invention aims to provide a control device etc. that can continue to control the position of a robot even in an environment where communication between robots is intermittent.
- the control device of the present invention includes a constraint condition calculation section and a control section.
- the constraint calculation unit calculates candidate constraints indicating conditions within which the first robot can move, based on the constraint-related information and the current position information of the first robot and the second robot. , among the calculated candidates for the constraint, the constraint with the newest time is specified.
- the constraint-related information is information that is generated using past position information of the first robot and the second robot, and is used to control the second robot.
- the constraint calculation unit identifies a constraint with a newer time among the calculated candidates for the constraint.
- the controller controls the position of the first robot so that it operates while satisfying the constraint specified by the constraint calculator.
- the constraint condition calculation unit indicates the condition of the range in which the first robot can move based on the constraint related information and the current position information of the first robot and the second robot. Constraint candidates are calculated, and a new constraint is specified among the calculated constraint candidates.
- the constraint-related information is information that is generated using past position information of the first robot and the second robot, and is used to control the second robot. .
- the control method of the present invention specifies a new constraint condition among the calculated constraint condition candidates. The control method of the present invention controls the position of the first robot so that it operates while satisfying the constraint specified by the constraint calculator.
- the program recording medium of the present invention records a control program.
- the constraint condition calculation unit calculates a constraint condition indicating a condition of a range in which the first robot can move based on the constraint-related information and the current position information of the first robot and the second robot. Candidates are calculated, and among the calculated candidates for the constraint, a constraint with a newer time is specified.
- the constraint-related information is information that is generated using past position information of the first robot and the second robot, and is used to control the second robot. Let the computer do the work.
- the control program causes the computer to execute a process of identifying a constraint with a newer time among the calculated candidates for the constraint.
- the control program causes the computer to execute a process of controlling the position of the first robot so as to operate while satisfying the constraint specified by the constraint calculator.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of the configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a structure of the 1st control apparatus of the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of operating states of a first robot and a second robot according to the first embodiment of the present invention; It is a figure which shows the example of a structure of the 2nd control apparatus of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the operation
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an overview of the configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the operation
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of the control system of this embodiment.
- the control system of this embodiment includes a first control device 10 and a second control device 20 .
- a first control device 10 is provided as a control device for the first robot and controls the position of the first robot.
- a second control device 20 is provided as a control device for the second robot and controls the position of the second robot.
- the control system of this embodiment is a control system of a multi-agent system composed of a first robot and a second robot that operate in cooperation with each other.
- the number of robots may be three or more. Even in the case of three or more robots, each robot has its own control device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first control device 10. As shown in FIG.
- the first control device 10 includes a communication section 11 , a constraint condition calculation section 12 , a control section 13 and a position information acquisition section 14 .
- the communication unit 11 performs wireless communication with the second control device 20.
- the communication unit 11 transmits and receives robot position information and constraint-related information to and from the second control device 20 . Constraint-related information will be explained later.
- Positional information of the first robot at time t is represented by (x A (t), t).
- x A (t) is information (eg, vector) indicating the position of the first robot at time t.
- the origin and coordinate system for indicating the position of the robot by a vector are set in advance at the place where the control system controls the robot. That is, the position information is information in which information indicating the position of the robot at time t and information at time t are associated with each other.
- the position information of the second robot at time t is represented by (x B (t), t).
- x B (t) is information (eg, vector) indicating the position of the second robot at time t.
- the information indicating the position is expressed using a "vector”.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of operating states of the first robot and the second robot.
- FIG. 3 shows that at time t, the first robot is at position x A (t) and the second robot is at position x B (t).
- the first robot and the second robot in FIG. 3 are communicating with each other, and when the communication environment is bad, they are stochastically communicating. That is, when the communication environment is poor, communication between the first controller 10 of the first robot and the second controller 20 of the second robot is intermittent. Probabilistic and intermittent communication does not always mean that data is sent and received alternately or at the same time. It refers to communication in which is performed two or more times in succession.
- the constraint-related information is used when the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates the constraint conditions used when the control unit 13 controls the position of the robot.
- the constraint-related information is information including, for example, a position vector indicating the center point of the constraint and the time when the constraint was set.
- the constraint-related information is, for example, information representing an area in which the robot can operate based on constraints set at a certain time, or a range that limits the position of the robot based on constraints set at a certain time. It is the information etc. which represent.
- the constraint does not necessarily have to be represented by a sphere, and may be represented using a polyhedron such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a curve, or the like.
- a polyhedron such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a curve, or the like.
- the constraint-related information is assumed to be represented by a sphere (or circle).
- the constraint-related information is transmitted and received as two pieces of information, for example, first constraint-related information and second constraint-related information.
- first constraint-related information is set at time t' with the center point of constraint c1
- second constraint-related information is represented by (c1, t'). be.
- second constraint-related information is set at time t'' with the center point of the constraint being c2
- the second constraint-related information is represented by (c2, t ''). be done. Time t' and time t'' may be the same.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates a constraint candidate using the position information and the constraint-related information transmitted and received via the communication unit 11, and calculates the constraint used to control the position of the first robot using the time information. to identify.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 sets the constraint condition so that the distance between the cooperatively operating robot (for example, the second robot) and the first robot is the distance R or less.
- the value of the distance R is set in advance, for example, based on the distance that can be communicated between a plurality of robots and the distance between robots suitable for the application of the robots.
- the first controller 10 of the first robot receives (c1, t') as first constraint-related information from the second robot and (c2 , t'') and position information of the second robot (x B (t''') , t''').
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the first constraint at time t using the first constraint-related information, as shown in Equation 1 below.
- c_1 is the coordinate of the center point of the constraint. This is because the range in which .times..times..times..times..times ..times . The constraint calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the first constraint and the second constraint at time t using the second constraint-related information as shown in Equation 3 below.
- Equation 4 Assuming that the control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot according to the candidates for the constraint condition of Equation 2, the range in which the first robot can move is as shown in Equation 4 , with c2 as the center point. be within a sphere or circle that
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the second constraint condition as shown in Equation 5 below.
- c 1 , c 2 , and c 3 used in the constraint-related information and constraint conditions are not centered if they are based on the positional information of the first robot and the second robot at a certain time.
- c 1 , c 2 , and c 3 may be set as the reference point and the center or center of gravity of the triangle formed by the first robot and the second robot. If c 1 , c 2 , and c 3 are set as the center points of the first robot and the second robot, then the value of R is It is set considering the maximum distance.
- the first robot and the second robot are in a range where the distance between them is R or less. free to move
- the constraint calculation unit 12 excludes the constraint conditions that the current position of the robot does not satisfy the constraint conditions.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 sets the constraint with the latest time among the remaining candidates for the constraint as a new constraint.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 excludes candidates whose time is older than the constraint condition currently used by the control unit 13 to control the first robot.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 determines, as a new first constraint, whichever has the newer time information among the candidates represented by Equations 1 and 2 and the candidates represented by Equations 3 and 4.
- the new time information means that the time is later than the other time.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 determines the candidate with the newer time information among the candidates expressed by Equations 3 and 4 and the candidates expressed by Equations 5 and 6 as a new second constraint. The constraint calculation unit 12 does not update the constraint when there is no candidate for the constraint.
- the control unit 13 controls the robot based on the constraints calculated by the constraint calculation unit 12.
- the control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot so as to satisfy the first constraint and the second constraint using, for example, a control barrier function.
- a method of controlling the position using a control barrier function is described in Non-Patent Document 2, for example.
- the position information acquisition unit 14 identifies the position of the first robot.
- the position information acquisition unit 14 identifies the position of the first robot using, for example, information obtained from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System).
- the position information acquisition unit 14 may specify the position of the first robot by a method other than GNSS.
- the position information acquiring unit 14 may specify the position of the first robot using distances from a plurality of reference points installed at the location where the first robot is operating. Further, the position information acquisition unit 14 may acquire information on the position of the first robot detected by the monitoring system of the place where the first robot is operating using a camera or a sensor from the monitoring system.
- the communication unit 11, the constraint condition calculation unit 12, the control unit 13, and the position information acquisition unit 14 of the first control device 10 are configured using one or more semiconductor devices.
- an FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Each process in the communication unit 11, the constraint calculation unit 12, the control unit 13, and the position information acquisition unit 14 may be performed by executing a computer program on a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the second control device 20.
- the second control device 20 includes a communication section 21 , a constraint condition calculation section 22 , a control section 23 and a position information acquisition section 24 .
- the configuration and functions of the communication unit 21, the constraint condition calculation unit 22, the control unit 23, and the position information acquisition unit 24 are the same as those of the same-named parts of the first control device 10, respectively. That is, the second control device 20 uses the first robot's position information and constraint-related information obtained from the first robot and the second robot's position information to find a constraint condition candidate for the second robot. calculate.
- the second control device uses the time information to determine constraints for controlling the position of the second robot, and controls the position of the second robot so as to satisfy the determined constraints.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation flow of the first control device 10. As shown in FIG. In the following description, an example is given in which two robots are controlled so that the distance between them is R or less. Further, in the following, the first controller 10 of the first robot receives the second robot's position information and constraint-related information from the second robot, and the constraint used when controlling the position of the first robot. A case of updating the conditions will be described as an example.
- the communication unit 11 of the first control device 10 acquires position information and constraint-related information of the second robot from the second robot that moves cooperatively (step S11).
- the communication unit 11 receives, for example, the first constraint-related information (c _1 , t′), the second constraint-related information (c 2 , t''), and the second robot position x B (t''') information is received.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the constraint (step S12). For example, the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the first constraint conditions represented by Equations 1 and 2 from the first constraint-related information, and calculates candidates for the first constraint conditions represented by Equations 3 and 4 from the second constraint-related information. A first constraint candidate is calculated. In addition, the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the second constraint indicated by Equations 3 and 4 from the second constraint-related information.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates the position x B (t''') of the second robot and the position x A (t''') of the first robot at time t''' by the following equation: 5 and the second constraint candidate shown in Equation 6 are calculated.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 acquires the position x A (t′′′) of the first robot at the time t′′′ from the position information acquisition unit 14 .
- the position information acquisition unit 14 holds the information on the position of the first robot in association with the time when the position of the first robot was specified.
- the position x A (t''') of the first robot is the position information of the first robot at the time when the information of the position x B (t''') of the second robot is obtained. good.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 determines whether the current state, that is, the current position of the first robot, satisfies each constraint condition candidate. When there is a constraint condition candidate satisfied by the current state (Yes in step S13), the constraint condition calculation unit 12 compares the time of the constraint condition candidate, and sets the constraint condition candidate with the new time as a new constraint condition. Determine (step S14). For example, when the current state satisfies both the candidates represented by Equations 1 and 2 and the candidates represented by Equations 3 and 4, the constraint condition calculation unit 12 compares the times of the two candidates and determines that the times are The newer one is determined as the first constraint.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 compares the times of the two candidates, The one with the newer time is determined as the second constraint.
- the control unit 13 updates the constraint used for control to the first constraint and the second constraint determined by the constraint calculation unit 12. do. After updating the constraint, the control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot so as to satisfy the updated constraint (step S15).
- step S13 when there is no constraint candidate that satisfies the current state (No in step S13), the control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot using the set constraint (step S15). That is, when there are no candidate constraints that satisfy the current state, the constraints are not updated.
- step S15 while the control unit 13 is controlling the position of the first robot, the control unit 13 confirms whether or not information that satisfies the operation end conditions of the first robot is input.
- the termination condition is set so that the condition is met when, for example, an instruction to stop the robot movement or information indicating that the robot movement has completed its purpose is input to the first control device 10 .
- the first control device 10 repeats the operations from step S11.
- the termination condition is satisfied in step S16 (Yes in step S16)
- the first control device 10 completes the operation of updating the constraints and controlling the position of the first robot.
- the control system of this embodiment will be described using a more specific example.
- the first control device 10 and the second control device 20 transmit and receive their respective position information to and from each other.
- the position of the first robot is x A (t 0 ) and the position of the second robot is x B (t 0 ) at time t 0 .
- the constraint calculation unit 12 of the first control device 10 calculates the constraint.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 of the first controller 10 of the first robot calculates a first constraint represented by the following equations 7 and 8 and a second constraint represented by the following equations 9 and 10. do.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 of the second control device 20 of the second robot calculates the first constraint condition expressed by the following equations 11 and 12 and the second constraint condition expressed by the equations 13 and 14 below. calculate.
- the first constraint and the second constraint of the second robot are also the same as shown in Equations 11 and 12 and Equations 13 and 14.
- control unit 13 of the first control device 10 starts controlling the position of the first robot so as to satisfy the calculated constraint conditions. Also, the control unit 23 of the second control device 20 similarly starts controlling the position of the second robot so as to satisfy the constraint conditions.
- the first controller 10 of the first robot notifies the second robot of the position information of the first robot at time t1, the first constraint-related information and the first 2 constraint-related information is transmitted.
- the first constraint-related information transmitted at this time corresponds to the information about the center points of the first robot and the second robot, which is used for the first constraint condition in the first control device 10.
- the second constraint-related information corresponds to information about the center points of the first robot and the second robot, which is used for the second constraint in the first control device 10 . That is, at this time, the first constraint-related information and the second constraint-related information transmitted by the first control device 10 are information at time t0 .
- the constraint calculation unit 22 of the second control device 20 Upon receiving the positional information of the first robot and the constraint-related information, the constraint calculation unit 22 of the second control device 20 calculates the constraint.
- the first constraint-related information received from the first robot is at time t 0 and includes the constraint center point information shown in Equation 8.
- a candidate for the first constraint calculated by the constraint calculation unit 22 using the first constraint-related information is represented by Equation 15 below.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 calculates the candidate for the first constraint condition and the second constraint condition in the following equation 16 based on the second constraint related information including the information on the center point of the constraint represented by the equation 10. Compute candidates.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 calculates the following equations 17 and 18 using the position information at time t1. Calculates candidates for the second constraint indicated by .
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 excludes constraint condition candidates whose position of the second robot at time t1 does not satisfy the equation from the candidates.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 calculates Equations 15 and 16 when determining the first constraint condition. Since the equations to be compared are calculated using information of the same time, for example, Equation 15 is determined as the first constraint condition. In addition, the constraint calculation unit 22 compares the times of Equations 16 and 17 when determining the second constraint. At this time, since time t1 is newer than time t0 , the constraint calculation unit 22 determines Equation 17 at time t1 as the second constraint.
- the constraints held by the second control device 20 at time t1 are the first constraints expressed by the following equations 19 and 20, and the following equations 21 and 21. Like the second constraint indicated at 22 .
- control unit 23 When the constraint conditions are determined, the control unit 23 performs the second constraint condition so as to satisfy the determined first constraint condition represented by Equations 19 and 20 and the second constraint condition represented by Equations 21 and 22. Control the position of the 2 robots.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 uses the information at the same time to Do not update the first constraint shown in Equations 19 and 20 that have been calculated.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 calculates candidates for the second constraint condition based on the second constraint-related information as shown in Equations 23 and 24 below.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 22 excludes Equations 23 and 24 from the candidates.
- the constraint calculation unit 22 calculates candidates for the second constraint using the position information at time t2 as shown in Equations 25 and 26 below.
- Equation 25 and Equation 26 Since there is one candidate for the second constraint expressed by Equations 25 and 26, the constraint calculator 22 determines Equation 25 and Equation 26 as the second constraint.
- the constraints held by the second control device 20 at time t1 are the first constraints expressed by the following equations 27 and 28, and the following equations 29 and 29. Like the second constraint indicated at 30 .
- the second controller 20 of the second robot transmits constraint-related information to the first robot at time t3 , which is later than time t2.
- first constraint-related information including information on the center of the constraint expressed by Equation 28 set using information at time t0
- first constraint-related information at time t2 This is the second constraint-related information including information about the center of the constraint indicated by the expression 309 set using the information of .
- the constraint calculation unit 12 of the first controller 10 of the first robot Upon receiving the constraint-related information, the constraint calculation unit 12 of the first controller 10 of the first robot calculates candidates for the first constraint.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates candidates for the first constraint expressed by the following Equations 31 and 32 calculated using the first constraint-related information at time t0 .
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates the following Expressions 33 and 34 as the first constraint candidate and the second constraint candidate using the second constraint related information at the time t 2 .
- the constraint calculation unit 12 calculates Equations 35 and 36 as candidates for the second constraint using the position information at time t3.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 uses Equations 33 and 34 with new time information as the first constraint condition. decide. In addition, the constraint calculation unit 12 compares the expressions 33 and 34 with the expressions 35 and 36, and since the time t3 is newer , the expression 35 and the expression 36 at the time t3 are regarded as the second constraint. Determined as
- Equations 37 and 38 the first constraint for the first robot is as shown in Equations 37 and 38 below.
- Equations 39 and 40 the second constraint of the first robot after updating the constraint at time t3 is as shown in Equations 39 and 40 below.
- the control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot so as to satisfy the first constraint indicated by Equations 37 and 38 and the second constraint indicated by Equations 39 and 40.
- the constraint condition calculator 22 of the second control device 20 of the second robot selects first constraint-related candidates from the first constraint-related information and the second constraint-related information. Calculate Since the first constraint-related information sent from the first robot to the second robot is information at time t 2 , the constraint condition calculation unit 22 uses the following equation 41 as a candidate for the new first constraint condition. and Equation 42 are calculated.
- the second constraint-related information sent from the first robot to the second robot is information at time t3 , and the constraint condition calculation unit 22 uses Equations 43 and 44 below are calculated.
- the constraint calculation unit 22 calculates the following equations 45 and 46 as candidates for the second constraint using the position information at time t4.
- the condition calculation unit 22 determines an expression with new time information as a constraint condition.
- the constraint calculation unit 22 calculates Equations 43 and 44 as the first constraint and Equations 45 and 46 as the second constraint using the time information. decide.
- the control unit 23 updates the constraint used for controlling the second robot with the constraint information determined by the constraint calculation unit 22, and satisfies the updated constraint. to control the position of the second robot.
- the constraint is updated, and the controller of each control device controls the robot based on the updated constraint.
- the controllers of the first robot and the second robot have common constraints after updating. In this way, based on the constraint update rule, the actual communication becomes probabilistic, and control is performed according to the common constraint regardless of the order.
- the first controller 10 of the first robot and the second controller 20 of the second robot hold common constraints as shown in Equations 47 and 48 below.
- Constraints of the first device [Formula 47]
- Constraints of the second device [Formula 48]
- the first and second robots lie in a common sphere (or circle) of radius R/2 with center point c, as shown in Equations 47 and 48. Therefore, the distance between the first robot and the second robot is always R or less.
- the distance between the first robot and the second robot is controlled to be R or less, but the minimum value of the distance between the first robot and the second robot may be further set.
- the minimum value for example, the constraint can be set by using the minimum value Rmin instead of R in the expression in which the direction of the inequality sign is reversed in the expression of the constraint.
- the minimum value of the distance between the first robot and the second robot may be set as a restriction condition.
- the movable range of the first robot and the second robot may be set.
- the movable ranges of the first robot and the second robot are, for example, the coordinates of the vertices of polygons indicating the movable ranges.
- Polygon information of n vertices indicating the movable range at time t is indicated as ([P 1 , P 2 , . . . , P n ], t), for example.
- the controllers of the first robot and the second robot may set the range in which the partner robot can move or the range in which the partner robot is prohibited to move at time t, and transmit it to the partner robot as constraint-related information. good. With such a configuration, for example, it is possible to prevent the operation ranges of the robot controlled by the control device from overlapping with that of the other robot.
- two robots each calculate the constraint conditions. may be determined.
- the other robot acquires the constraint from the robot that has determined the constraint and controls the position.
- the control system of this embodiment can also be used to control three or more robots.
- the control system may be configured with four robots, one leader robot followed by three follower robots.
- constraint conditions are set for each of the 2 ⁇ 3 sets of the leader robot and each follower robot. That is, the leader robot has a total of 6 constraints and the follower robot has 2 constraints.
- constraints are calculated using the position x(t) of the robot, but x(t) is not limited to positional information.
- constraints may be set by information including orientation and speed of the robot in addition to position information.
- 2 is used to calculate the constraint, but the constraint may be set using another function.
- the first control device 10 mounted on the first robot in the control system of the present embodiment stores information generated using the positions of the first robot and the second robot at the past time. , and obtains the constraint-related information used to control the second robot and the position information of the second robot.
- the first control device 10 uses the constraint-related information and the information on the current position of the second robot to calculate a plurality of candidates for the constraint condition indicating the range of movement of the first robot.
- the constraint condition with the new time information is specified as the constraint condition to be used for controlling the position of the first robot.
- the constraint condition calculator 12 in the first robot measures the motion range determined using the position of the first robot at the first time and the position of the second robot at the first time.
- History of reference positions for example, (c1, t'), (c2, t''), etc., that is, reference positions at the first time
- the position of the second robot at the second time after the first time is used to define an area in which the first robot can operate so that the positional relationship between the first robot and the second robot after the second time is within a predetermined range (eg, a sphere).
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates the reference information representing the reference position in the constraint information representing the motion ranges of the first robot and the second robot at the first time, and the first position at the second time after the first time.
- position information representing the position of the robot and position information representing the position of the second robot at the second time, the positional relationship between the first robot and the second robot after the second time is predetermined It can also be said that the reference position in the constraint information representing the motion range of the first robot is calculated so as to be within the range.
- control unit 13 controls the position of the first robot so that it operates while satisfying constraint information (for example, inside a sphere, inside a polyhedron, inside a polygon, outside a circle, etc.) determined by the calculated reference position. .
- constraint information for example, inside a sphere, inside a polyhedron, inside a polygon, outside a circle, etc.
- the constraint calculation unit 12 in the first robot may update the information representing the constraint by performing the same processing as described above.
- the second controller 20 in the second robot also performs the same processing as the first controller 10 in the first robot.
- the constraint condition calculation unit 12 calculates constraint information at the first time and It can also be said that the process of selecting the constraint information satisfying the constraint conditions for the position of the first robot at the third time after the second time is executed from the constraint information at the second time. . Then, the control unit 13 controls the motion of the first robot after the third time according to the selected constraint information.
- the time at which communication is performed and the time at which position information is acquired do not necessarily have to be the same.
- the first control device 10 and the second control device 20 do not necessarily need to exchange mutual position information at a certain time. For example, at a certain time, the second control device 20 acquires the position of the first robot at the first time, and at a time different from the certain time, the first control device 10 acquires the position of the second robot at the first time. may be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control device 100 of this embodiment.
- the control device 100 of this embodiment includes a constraint condition calculation unit 101 and a control unit 102 .
- Constraint condition calculation unit 101 calculates a constraint condition candidate indicating a condition within which the first robot can move, based on the constraint-related information and the current position information of the first robot and the second robot. Then, among the calculated candidates for the constraint, the constraint with the newest time is specified.
- the constraint-related information is information that is generated using past position information of the first robot and the second robot, and is used to control the second robot.
- the control unit 102 controls the position of the first robot so that it operates while satisfying the constraint specified by the constraint calculation unit 101 .
- the constraint calculation unit 12 and the position information acquisition unit 14 of the first embodiment are examples of the constraint calculation unit 101 .
- the constraint calculation unit 101 is one aspect of constraint calculation means.
- the controller 13 of the first embodiment is an example of the controller 102 .
- the control unit 102 is one aspect of control means.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the operation flow of the control device 100.
- Constraint condition calculation unit 101 calculates a constraint condition candidate indicating a condition within which the first robot can move, based on the constraint-related information and the current position information of the first robot and the second robot. (step S101).
- the constraint-related information is information that is generated using past position information of the first robot and the second robot, and is used to control the second robot.
- the constraint calculator 101 identifies a constraint with a newer time among the calculated constraint candidates (step S102).
- the control unit 102 controls the position of the first robot so that it operates while satisfying the constraint specified by the constraint calculation unit 101 (step S103).
- the control device 100 of this embodiment includes constraint-related information using information based on the positions of the first robot and the second robot at a past time, and current positions of the first robot and the second robot. , candidates for the constraint condition indicating the movement range of the first robot are calculated. Further, the control device 100 determines a constraint used for controlling the position of the first robot by specifying a constraint candidate with new time information among the calculated constraint candidates. In this way, while sharing information with the second robot via the constraint-related information, by using a condition with new time information, the control device 100 can share information with the other robot even when communication is intermittent. Constraint conditions can be appropriately updated based on the information that has been obtained, and control can be continued. As a result, the control device 100 of this embodiment can continue to control the positions of the robots even in an environment where inter-robot communication is intermittent.
- FIG. 8 is an example of the configuration of a computer 200 that executes a computer program for performing each process in the first control device 10 and the second control device 20 of the first embodiment, and the control device 100 of the second embodiment. is shown.
- the computer 200 includes a CPU 201 , a memory 202 , a storage device 203 , an input/output I/F (Interface) 204 and a communication I/F 205 .
- the CPU 201 reads a computer program for each process from the storage device 203 and executes it.
- the CPU 201 may be configured by a combination of a CPU and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the memory 202 is composed of a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) or the like, and temporarily stores computer programs executed by the CPU 201 and data being processed.
- the storage device 203 stores computer programs executed by the CPU 201 .
- the memory device 203 is configured by, for example, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device. Other storage devices such as a hard disk drive may be used as the storage device 203 .
- the input/output I/F 204 is an interface that receives input from the operator and outputs display data and the like.
- a communication I/F 205 is an interface for transmitting and receiving data to and from other control devices.
- the computer program used to execute each process can also be stored in a recording medium and distributed.
- a recording medium for example, a magnetic tape for data recording or a magnetic disk such as a hard disk can be used.
- an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) can be used.
- a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device may be used as a recording medium.
- control unit 10 first control device 11 communication unit 12 constraint calculation unit 13 control unit 14 position information acquisition unit 20 second control device 21 communication unit 22 constraint calculation unit 23 control unit 24 position information acquisition unit 100 control device 101 constraint Calculation unit 102 control unit 200 computer 201 CPU 202 memory 203 storage device 204 input/output I/F 205 Communication I/F
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の実施形態について図を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、本実施形態の制御システムの構成を示す図である。本実施形態の制御システムは、第1の制御装置10と、第2の制御装置20を備えている。第1の制御装置10は、第1のロボットの制御装置として備えられ、第1のロボットの位置を制御する。第2の制御装置20は、第2のロボットの制御装置として備えられ、第2のロボットの位置を制御する。本実施形態の制御システムは、互いに協調して動作する第1のロボットと第2のロボットによって構成されるマルチエージェントシステムの制御システムである。ロボットの数は、3台以上であってもよい。3台以上の場合にも、各ロボットは、制御装置をそれぞれ備える。
制約条件算出部12は、第1の制約関連情報を用いた時刻tにおける第1の制約条件の候補を以下の式1のように算出する。
制約条件算出部12は、第2の制約関連情報を用いた時刻tにおける第1の制約条件および第2の制約条件の候補を以下の式3のように算出する。
第1の制約条件および第2の制約条件の候補:
このとき、制約の中心点であるc_1は、例えば、以下の式4のように示される。
[式4]
制御部13が式2の制約条件の候補に従って第1のロボットの位置の制御を行ったとすると、第1のロボットが動くことができる範囲は、式4に示されるようにc2を中心点とする球または円の範囲内となる。
[式5]
制約の中心であるc3は、時刻t’’’における第1のロボットの位置がxA(t’’’)であったとすると、以下の式6のように示される。
[式6]
制約条件算出部12は、制約条件の候補のうち現在のロボットの位置が各式に示される条件を満たす候補の中からどの候補を採用するかを、時刻情報を用いて決定する。
第1の制約条件:
本発明の第2の実施形態について図を参照して詳細に説明する。図6は、本実施形態の制御装置100の構成の例を示す図である。
11 通信部
12 制約条件算出部
13 制御部
14 位置情報取得部
20 第2の制御装置
21 通信部
22 制約条件算出部
23 制御部
24 位置情報取得部
100 制御装置
101 制約条件算出部
102 制御部
200 コンピュータ
201 CPU
202 メモリ
203 記憶装置
204 入出力I/F
205 通信I/F
Claims (10)
- 第1のロボットおよび第2のロボットの過去の位置情報を用いて生成され、前記第2のロボットの制御に用いられている情報である制約関連情報と、前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの現在の位置情報とを基に、前記第1のロボットが移動可能な範囲の条件を示す制約条件の候補を算出し、算出した前記制約条件の候補のうち時刻が新しい制約条件を特定する制約条件算出手段と、
前記制約条件算出手段が特定した前記制約条件を満しているまま動作するように前記第1のロボットの位置を制御する制御手段と
を備える制御装置。 - 前記第2のロボットから、前記第2のロボットの現在位置、並びに過去の時刻における前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの位置に基づいた情報である制約関連情報を受信し、前記第2のロボットに、前記第1のロボットの現在位置、並びに過去の時刻における前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの位置に基づいた情報である制約関連情報を送信する通信手段をさらに備える請求項1に記載の制御装置。
- 前記制約条件算出手段は、過去の複数の時刻における前記第1のロボットと前記第2のロボットの位置座標を用いて生成された複数の前記制約関連情報を基に複数の制約条件を算出し、前記位置座標が取得された時刻を基に前記第1のロボットの位置の制御に用いる前記制約条件を決定する請求項1または2に記載の制御装置。
- 前記制約条件算出手段は、第1時刻における第1の制約関連情報と第2時刻における第2の制約関連情報を基に第1の制約条件の候補をそれぞれ算出し、前記第2の制約関連情報と、前記第2のロボットから受信した位置情報と前記第1のロボットの位置を基に第2の制約条件の候補をそれぞれ算出し、時刻を基に前記第1の制約条件と前記第2の制約条件を決定し、
前記制御手段は、前記第1の制約条件および前記第2の制約条件を満たすように前記第1のロボットの位置を制御する請求項1から3いずれかに記載の制御装置。 - 前記制約条件算出手段は、前記第1のロボットと前記第2のロボットの間の距離があらかじめ設定された距離以内となる条件を満たすように前記第1の制約条件と前記第2の制約条件を決定する請求項4に記載の制御装置。
- 請求項1から5いずれかに記載の制御装置からなり、第1のロボットの制御を行う第1の制御装置と、
第2のロボットの制御を行う第2の制御装置と
を備え、
前記第1の制御装置の前記制約条件算出手段は、前記第2のロボットの制御に用いられている情報である制約関連情報と、前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの現在の位置情報とを基に、前記第1のロボットが移動可能な範囲の条件を示す制約条件の候補を算出する制御システム。 - 第1のロボットと第2のロボットとが動作可能な領域を規定する制約条件を表す、第1時刻における制約情報と、前記第1時刻以降の第2時刻における前記制約情報との中から、第2時刻以降の第3時刻における前記第1のロボットの位置が制約条件を満たしている前記制約情報を選択する制約条件算出手段と、
選択した前記制約情報に従い、前記第3時刻以降の前記第1のロボットの動作を制御する制御手段と
を備える制御装置。 - 第1のロボットおよび第2のロボットの過去の位置情報を用いて生成され、前記第2のロボットの制御に用いられている情報である制約関連情報と、前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの現在の位置情報とを基に、前記第1のロボットが移動可能な範囲の条件を示す制約条件の候補を算出し、
算出した前記制約条件の候補のうち時刻が新しい制約条件を特定し、
特定した前記制約条件を満たしているまま動作するように前記第1のロボットの位置を制御する制御方法。 - 過去の複数の時刻における前記第1のロボットと前記第2のロボットの位置座標を用いて生成された複数の前記制約関連情報を基に複数の制約条件を算出し、前記位置座標が取得された時刻を基に前記第1のロボットの位置の制御に用いる前記制約条件を決定する請求項8に記載の制御方法。
- 第1のロボットおよび第2のロボットの過去の位置情報を用いて生成され、前記第2のロボットの制御に用いられている情報である制約関連情報と、前記第1のロボットおよび前記第2のロボットの現在の位置情報とを基に、前記第1のロボットが移動可能な範囲の条件を示す制約条件の候補を算出し、算出した前記制約条件の候補のうち時刻が新しい制約条件を特定す処理と、
特定した前記制約条件を満たしているまま動作するように前記第1のロボットの位置を制御する処理と
をコンピュータに実行させる制御プログラムを記録したプログラム記録媒体。
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