WO2022176052A1 - 蓄電システム及び制御装置 - Google Patents
蓄電システム及び制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022176052A1 WO2022176052A1 PCT/JP2021/005870 JP2021005870W WO2022176052A1 WO 2022176052 A1 WO2022176052 A1 WO 2022176052A1 JP 2021005870 W JP2021005870 W JP 2021005870W WO 2022176052 A1 WO2022176052 A1 WO 2022176052A1
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- power
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- power conversion
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 224
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to power storage systems and control devices.
- a power storage system including a plurality of power storage devices, a plurality of power conversion devices, and a control device.
- a plurality of power conversion devices are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of power storage devices.
- Each power converter is connected to each power storage device and also to a common load.
- Each power conversion device supplies power to a load based on the power accumulated in each power storage device, and charges each storage device based on the power on the load side.
- the control device controls power conversion operations of the plurality of power electronics devices.
- Such power storage systems are used, for example, to suppress fluctuations in the frequency of power grids.
- Each power conversion device is connected to the power system using the power system side as a voltage source, supplies power to the power system, and charges each power storage device with the power of the power system so as to suppress frequency fluctuations in the power system. I do.
- the power storage system is used in electric vehicles such as electric locomotives and electric vehicles.
- Each power conversion device is connected to the motor of the electric vehicle as a load, supplies electric power to the motor, and charges each power storage device with regenerated energy of the motor.
- the control device determines the output of each of the plurality of power conversion devices based on the power required by the load, and operates each of the plurality of power conversion devices based on the determined output.
- power loss accompanying the operation of the plurality of power converters increases. For this reason, it is desired that the power storage system and the control device used therein be capable of suppressing power loss.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a power storage system and a control device capable of suppressing power loss.
- a plurality of power storage devices capable of discharging and charging DC power are connected to the plurality of power storage devices and a load, and the DC power accumulated in the plurality of power storage devices is supplied to the load. Power is supplied to the load based on the DC power accumulated in the plurality of power storage devices, and the power of the load is converted into DC power corresponding to the plurality of power storage devices.
- the device includes an output value determination unit that determines the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power output from the plurality of power converters, and based on the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power, a number determination unit that determines the number of the power conversion devices that transmit the operation command among the plurality of power conversion devices; A conversion device determination unit that determines a power conversion device as the power conversion device that transmits the operation command, and transmits the operation command to the power conversion device determined by the conversion device determination unit, and a plurality of the power and a command transmission unit that transmits a standby command to the remaining power conversion devices that do not transmit the operation command among the conversion devices.
- a power storage system and a control device that can suppress power loss are provided.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of a priority list
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an electric storage system according to an embodiment.
- the power storage system 2 includes multiple power storage devices 4 , multiple power conversion devices 6 , and a control device 10 .
- the plurality of power storage devices 4 can accumulate DC power, supply (discharge) the accumulated DC power, and re-accumulate DC power in response to the inflow of DC power greater than the accumulated DC power ( charging).
- the plurality of power storage devices 4 are, for example, storage batteries.
- the plurality of power storage devices 4 may be, for example, capacitors.
- the plurality of power storage devices 4 may be any device capable of discharging and charging DC power.
- a plurality of power conversion devices 6 are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of power storage devices 4 .
- the number of power electronics devices 6 is, for example, the same as the number of power storage devices 4 .
- a plurality of power electronics devices 6 are connected to each of a plurality of power storage devices 4 .
- a plurality of power storage devices 4 may be connected to one power conversion device 6 .
- the number of power electronics devices 6 does not necessarily have to be the same as the number of power storage devices 4 .
- the power storage system 2 further includes, for example, multiple transformers 12 and 14 .
- a plurality of transformers 12 are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- a plurality of power converters 6 are connected to a plurality of transformers 12 .
- a plurality of transformers 12 are connected to transformer 14 .
- Transformer 14 is connected to power system PS.
- a plurality of power converters 6 are connected to a power system PS as loads via transformers 12, 14 and the like.
- a circuit breaker, more transformers, and the like may be provided between the power conversion device 6 and the power system PS.
- the configuration between the power conversion device 6 and the power system PS may be any configuration that allows the power conversion device 6 to be connected to the power system PS.
- the power of the power system PS (load) is AC power.
- the power of the power system PS is, for example, three-phase AC power.
- the power of the power system PS (load) is not limited to AC power, and may be DC power or the like.
- the plurality of power conversion devices 6 convert the DC power accumulated in the plurality of power storage devices 4 into power corresponding to the power system PS, and convert the power of the power system PS into DC power corresponding to the plurality of power storage devices 4. do.
- the plurality of power converters 6 has, for example, a plurality of switching elements, and performs power conversion by switching the plurality of switching elements.
- the plurality of power conversion devices 6 supply power to the power system PS based on the DC power accumulated in the plurality of power storage devices 4, and supply power to the power system PS based on the power on the side of the power system PS. charge the battery. Thereby, the power storage system 2 suppresses the frequency fluctuation of the electric power system PS, for example.
- the power storage system 2 further includes a measuring device 16, for example.
- the measuring device 16 detects, for example, the active power value, the reactive power value, and the voltage value at the interconnection point between the plurality of power conversion devices 6 and the power system PS, and detects the detected active power value, the reactive power value, and the voltage A value is entered into the controller 10 .
- the control device 10 controls power conversion operations of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 . For example, based on the active power value, the reactive power value, and the voltage value of the interconnection point input from the measuring device 16, the control device 10 controls the frequency fluctuation of the power system PS by controlling the plurality of power converters. It controls the operation of 6.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the control device according to the embodiment.
- the control device 10 has an output value determination section 20, a number determination section 22, a conversion device determination section 24, and a command transmission section 26.
- the output value determination unit 20 determines the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power output from the plurality of power electronics devices 6 . For example, based on the active power value, reactive power value, and voltage value of the interconnection point input from the measuring device 16, the output value determination unit 20 determines the active power required to suppress the frequency fluctuation of the power system PS. and reactive power, the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power output from the plurality of power conversion devices 6 are determined.
- the method for determining the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power is not limited to the above.
- the output value determination unit 20 may determine the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power based on command values input from a higher-level controller or the like.
- the method of determining the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power may be any method according to the system configuration of the power storage system 2 or the like.
- the number determination unit 22 determines the number of power electronics devices 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted among the plurality of power electronics devices 6 .
- the number determination unit 22 includes, for example, the rated capacity of active power per unit of the plurality of power converters 6, the rated capacity of reactive power per unit of the plurality of power converters 6, and the plurality of power converters 6 and reactive power output margins of the plurality of power converters 6 are set as parameters.
- the number determining unit 22 has in advance information on the rated capacity of active power, the rated capacity of reactive power, the output margin of active power, and the output margin of reactive power.
- the number determining unit 22 determines the number of power converters 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted based on the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power determined by the output value determining unit 20 and the above parameters. .
- the number determination unit 22 calculates the number D1 of the power converters 6 required for outputting active power by the following equation (1).
- Ap is the total value of active powers determined by the output value determination unit 20 .
- S1 is the rated capacity of active power per unit of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- B1 is the output margin of the active power of the plurality of power electronics devices 6 .
- An arbitrary value between 0 and 1 (p.u.) is set as the output margin B1.
- round is a function for rounding up.
- the number determination unit 22 calculates the number D1 of an integer by rounding up the decimal part.
- the number determination unit 22 calculates the number D2 of the power converters 6 required for outputting reactive power by the following equation (2).
- Aq is the total value of reactive powers determined by the output value determination unit 20.
- S2 is the rated capacity of reactive power per unit of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- B2 is the reactive power output margin of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 .
- An arbitrary value between 0 and 1 (p.u.) is set as the output margin B2.
- round is a round-up function, as in equation (1).
- the number determination unit 22 calculates the number D2 of an integer by rounding up the decimal part.
- the number determination unit 22 After calculating the number D1 of the power converters 6 required for outputting active power and the number D2 of the power converters 6 required for outputting reactive power, the number determination unit 22 determines the number of devices D1 and D2. The larger one is determined as the number of power converters 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted.
- the method of calculating the numbers D1 and D2 is not necessarily limited to the above.
- the output margins B1 and B2 are set to 1 (p.u.), and the output of the power conversion device 6 is to be suppressed below the rated capacity.
- the output margins B1, B2 are set to any value less than 1 (p.u.).
- the output margins B1 and B2 do not necessarily have to be set.
- the method of determining the number of units by the number determination unit 22 may be any determination method based on at least the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power determined by the output value determination unit 20 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 determines the predetermined number of power conversion devices 6 determined by the number determination unit 22 among the plurality of power conversion devices 6 as the power conversion device 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted.
- the converter determining unit 24 has, for example, a priority list 30 that indicates the priority of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 selects the number of power conversion devices 6 determined by the number determination unit 22 in descending order of priority in the priority list 30 among the plurality of power conversion devices 6. Device 6 is determined.
- the converter determining unit 24 selects two power converters 6 with high priority in the priority list 30 is determined as the power conversion device 6 that transmits the operation command.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 After determining the power electronics device 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted, the conversion device determination unit 24 inputs information on the determined power electronics device 6 to the command transmission unit 26 .
- the command transmission unit 26 transmits an operation command to the power conversion device 6 determined by the conversion device determination unit 24 based on the information input from the conversion device determination unit 24 .
- the command transmission unit 26 divides the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power determined by the output value determination unit 20 by the number of units determined by the number determination unit 22, thereby calculating the power conversion per unit
- the active power and reactive power of the device 6 are determined, and an operation command is transmitted to the determined power conversion device 6 so as to output the determined active power and reactive power.
- the command transmission unit 26 transmits a standby command to the remaining power converters 6 out of the plurality of power converters 6 that do not transmit the operation command.
- the standby command is a command to stop the operation of the power electronics device 6 .
- the standby command is, for example, a command to turn off the plurality of switching elements of the power conversion device 6 .
- the standby command may also be called a gate block command or the like.
- the command transmission unit 26 when transmitting a standby command, keeps the circuit breaker corresponding to the power conversion device 6 transmitting the standby command turned on. In other words, when transmitting the standby command, the command transmission unit 26 keeps the power conversion device 6 connected to the power storage device 4 and the power system PS, and by transmitting the standby command, the power conversion device 6 Stop only the movement.
- the standby command is, for example, a command to stop the operation of the power conversion device 6 while enabling the power conversion device 6 to operate immediately.
- the control device 10 operates, for example, every predetermined control period such as 100 ms. For example, for each control cycle, the control device 10 determines the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power output from the plurality of power conversion devices 6 by the output value determination unit 20, and the number determination unit 22 issues an operation command is determined, the power electronics device 6 to transmit the operation command is determined by the conversion device determination unit 24, and the operation command or standby command is sent to the plurality of power conversion devices 6 from the command transmission unit 26. Send. Thereby, the control device 10 controls the operation of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 at each predetermined control cycle.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of a priority list.
- the priority list 30 associates the device number, the state of charge (SOC), and the priority.
- the priority list 30 is, for example, table data that associates device numbers, charging amounts, and priorities.
- a device number is a unique number assigned to each of the plurality of power electronics devices 6 in order to identify the plurality of power electronics devices 6 .
- the amount of charge indicates the amount of charge in the power storage device 4 connected to the power conversion device 6 indicated by the device number.
- the priority indicates the order of priority for transmitting an operation command to the power conversion device 6 indicated by the device number.
- the priority list 30 is, for example, table data in which the device numbers and charging amounts corresponding to each of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 are arranged in descending order of priority.
- the converter determining unit 24 determines the priority of the plurality of power converters 6 in the priority list 30 according to, for example, the amount of charge in the plurality of power storage devices 4 . In this case, the converter determination unit 24 changes the priority of the power converters 6 according to the direction in which the active powers of the power converters 6 are output.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 selects the power converter 6 with a high charge amount of the power storage device 4. Give higher priority. Then, when the output direction of the active power of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 is the charging direction in which the power storage device 4 is charged based on the power of the power system PS, the conversion device determination unit 24 charges the power storage device 4. The priority of the power conversion device 6 with a low amount is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of charge in the plurality of power storage devices 4 and overcharge.
- the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 changes according to the operation of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 . For this reason, when the conversion device determination unit 24 determines the priority of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 according to the charge amounts of the plurality of power storage devices 4 as described above, the conversion device determination unit 24 periodically determines the priority of the plurality of power conversion devices 6. degree update.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 updates the priority of the plurality of power conversion devices 6, for example, for each control cycle of the control device 10. FIG. However, the period for updating the priority may not necessarily be the same as the control period.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 first acquires information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 in updating the priority. In other words, the conversion device determination unit 24 periodically acquires information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 . For example, the conversion device determination unit 24 acquires information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 in each control cycle. Information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 is acquired in association with the device number. As a result, the conversion device determination unit 24 can recognize the charge amounts of the plurality of power storage devices 4 corresponding to the plurality of power conversion devices 6 respectively.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 acquires information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 from, for example, the plurality of power storage devices 4 and the plurality of power conversion devices 6 .
- Information on the amount of charge in the plurality of power storage devices 4 may be obtained from, for example, a host controller or the like.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 After acquiring information on the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4, the conversion device determination unit 24 updates the amount of charge in the priority list 30 based on the acquired information on the amount of charge. As a result, the value of the amount of charge in the priority list 30 is updated to the value of the current amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 determines the active power of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 based on the total value of the active power output from the plurality of power conversion devices 6 determined by the output value determination unit 20. It is determined whether the output direction of is the direction of discharging from the plurality of power storage devices 4 or the direction of charging the plurality of power storage devices 4 . For example, when the discharging direction is positive and the charging direction is negative, the conversion device determination unit 24 determines whether the discharging direction or the charging direction based on the sign of the total value of the active power output from the plurality of power conversion devices 6. to decide.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 determines that the output direction of active power is the discharge direction, it gives a higher priority to the power conversion device 6 with a high charge amount of the power storage device 4 . Then, when the conversion device determining unit 24 determines that the output direction of the active power is the charging direction, the power conversion device 6 with the low charging amount of the power storage device 4 has a higher priority. Note that the determination of the output direction of the active power may be made before updating the charge amount.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 After updating the charge amount and determining the output direction of the active power, the conversion device determination unit 24 performs processing for rearranging the updated charge amount.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 determines that the active power output direction is the discharge direction, the device numbers and the charge amounts are sorted in descending order of the charge amount of the power storage device 4 .
- the priority of the power conversion device 6 with the higher amount of charge of the power storage device 4 is increased.
- the priority of a plurality of power converters 6 can be updated.
- the conversion device determining unit 24 determines that the output direction of the active power is the charging direction
- the device numbers and the charging amounts are rearranged in descending order of the charging amount of the power storage device 4 .
- the priority of the power conversion device 6 with the low amount of charge of the power storage device 4 is increased.
- the priority of a plurality of power converters 6 can be updated.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 performs sorting processing by, for example, comparing the charge amounts corresponding to two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 compares the charge amounts corresponding to the two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 in order from the side with the highest priority. Then, the order of the two power electronics devices 6 is changed as necessary so that the power electronics device 6 with a higher charge amount has a higher priority.
- the conversion device determining unit 24 provides a dead zone for comparison of the charge amounts corresponding to two adjacent power conversion devices 6.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 changes the order of the two power conversion devices 6 when the difference between the two charged amounts is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 compares the power conversion device 6 with the highest priority and the power conversion device 6 with the second highest priority, and the charge amount corresponding to the power conversion device 6 with the second highest priority is When the charge amount corresponding to the highest power electronics device 6 is higher than a predetermined value or more, the order of the two power electronics devices 6 is switched. That is, the power electronics device 6 that was second has the highest priority, and the highest power electronics device 6 has the second priority.
- the predetermined value is set, for example, to about 2% to 3% of the maximum charge amount.
- the predetermined value is set, for example, to about 2% to 3% of the maximum charge amount.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 performs the above processing in order from the side with the highest priority. For example, the conversion device determination unit 24 compares the power conversion device 6 with the highest priority and the power conversion device 6 with the second highest priority, and then selects the power conversion device 6 with the second highest priority and the power conversion device 6 with the third highest priority. are compared, and this is done sequentially. Thereby, when the output direction of the active power is the discharge direction, the conversion device determination unit 24 sorts the post-update charge amounts in descending order of the charge amount. In contrast to the above, when the active power output direction is the discharge direction, the charge amounts corresponding to the two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 are compared in order from the side with the lowest priority. may
- the conversion device determination unit 24 compares the charge amounts corresponding to the two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 in descending order of priority. Then, the order of the two power electronics devices 6 is changed as necessary so that the power electronics device 6 with a low charge amount has a higher priority. As a result, when the output direction of the active power is the charging direction, the conversion device determination unit 24 rearranges the post-update charge amounts in descending order of the charge amounts. In contrast to the above, when the active power output direction is the charging direction, the charging amounts corresponding to the two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 are compared in order from the side with the lowest priority. may
- the conversion device determination unit 24 performs the above charge amount comparison processing, for example, (N ⁇ (N ⁇ 1))/2 times. More specifically, N is the number of operable power converters 6 among the plurality of power converters 6 .
- the number of comparisons required to compare all charge amounts in the priority list 30 one by one is N-1 times. For example, when the number of power conversion devices 6 is five, the number of comparisons required to compare all the charge amounts in the priority list 30 once is the first priority, the second priority, 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, and 4th and 5th, a total of 4 times. Thereby, the comparison can be performed once from the charge amount of the power electronics device 6 with the highest priority to the charge amount of the power electronics device 6 with the lowest priority.
- the power electronics device 6 with the highest priority or the power electronics device 6 with the lowest priority can be determined. For example, if the charge amounts are compared in order from the side with the highest priority, and the order of the two power converters 6 is changed as necessary so that the power converter 6 with the higher charge amount has the higher priority. can determine the power electronics device 6 with the lowest priority by N ⁇ 1 comparisons. Conversely, if the power converters 6 are compared in order from the side with the lowest priority, and the order of the two power converters 6 is changed as necessary so that the power converter 6 with the higher charge level has the higher priority. , the power conversion device 6 with the highest priority can be determined by N ⁇ 1 comparisons.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 When the conversion device determination unit 24 subsequently performs comparison, the same processing is repeated for the remaining power conversion devices 6 other than the determined power conversion device 6 .
- the fourth power electronics device 6 is determined by comparing the first and second, second and third, and third and fourth priorities, and By comparing the first and second and second and third, the third power converter 6 is determined, and by comparing the first and second priorities, the first and second power converters 6 are determined. determine.
- the N power converters 6 By performing the rearrangement as described above, it is possible to appropriately rearrange the N power converters 6 in the order according to the amount of charge by the number of times obtained from the above formula. As a result, the number of comparison operations can be reduced compared to, for example, the case where (N ⁇ 1) operations are repeated N times. With a relatively small number of calculations, the N power converters 6 can be appropriately rearranged in order according to the amount of charge.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 periodically performs the process of comparing the charge amount (N ⁇ (N-1)) / 2 times, so that when the output direction of the active power is the discharge direction, the charge amount The updated charge amounts are sorted in descending order, and if the output direction of the active power is the charge direction, the updated charge amounts are sorted in descending order.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 when updating the priority for each control cycle of the control device 10, the conversion device determination unit 24 performs the process of rearranging the post-update charge amount as described above, and then selects a plurality of power Among the conversion devices 6, the number of power conversion devices 6 determined by the number determination unit 22 is determined in descending order of priority in the priority list 30 as the power conversion device 6 to transmit the operation command, and the determined power conversion device The information of the device 6 is input to the command transmission section 26 .
- the priority update cycle may be set longer than the control cycle.
- the priority may be updated once every two control cycles or once every three control cycles.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 determines all the device numbers and the charge amounts in order of the highest charge amount of the power storage device 4 or the lowest charge amount of the power storage device 4 for each priority update cycle. Sorting.
- the process of rearranging the charging amounts after updating is not limited to the above.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 performs charging corresponding to two adjacent power conversion devices 6 in the priority list 30 in order from the higher priority side or the lower priority side for each priority update period.
- the process of comparing the amounts and switching the order of the two power converters 6 as necessary may be performed once for all the amounts of charge in the priority list 30 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 compares the number of N-1 times in the above example for each priority update cycle, so that the power conversion device 6 with the highest priority or the lowest priority The power electronics device 6 may be determined. Also in this case, the conversion device determination unit 24 may provide a dead zone for comparison of the charge amounts corresponding to the two adjacent power conversion devices 6 .
- the power conversion device 6 that transmits the operation command and the power conversion device 6 that transmits the standby command may be largely replaced.
- the number of power converters 6 is 10, and out of the 10 power converters 6, the operation command is sent to 5 power converters 6, and the remaining 5 power converters 6 are on standby. If the output direction of the active power changes while the command is being sent, the power conversion device 6 in the operating state and the power conversion device 6 in the standby state may be switched at once. In this case, the operation of the plurality of power converters 6 may be delayed.
- the number of power converters 6 is 10, and out of the 10 power converters 6, the operation command is sent to 5 power converters 6, and the remaining 5 power converters 6 are on standby.
- the power conversion device 6 that transmits the operation command and the power conversion device 6 that transmits the standby command are switched for each period of updating the priority.
- the batteries can be replaced one by one in order of high charge amount or low charge amount. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of delays in the operations of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- the conversion device determination unit 24 may perform comparisons 2 ⁇ (N ⁇ 1) times for each priority update period. In this case, when the output direction of the active power changes, the power conversion device 6 that transmits the operation command and the power conversion device 6 that transmits the standby command are switched to each other for each priority update cycle. Two units can be replaced in order of highest or lowest charged amount.
- the number of comparisons performed by the conversion device determination unit 24 may be set to any number between N-1 times and (N ⁇ (N-1))/2 times.
- the priority of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 does not necessarily have to be determined by the amount of charge of the plurality of power storage devices 4 .
- the priority list 30 may represent device numbers and priorities in association with each other.
- the capacities of the plurality of power storage devices 4 and the capacities of the plurality of power conversion devices 6 may differ.
- the priority of the plurality of power converters 6 may be determined according to the capacities of the plurality of power storage devices 4 and the capacities of the plurality of power converters 6 .
- the priority of the plurality of power electronics devices 6 may be determined in descending order of the capacities of the plurality of power storage devices 4 and the capacities of the plurality of power electronics devices 6 .
- the method of determining the power conversion device 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted by the conversion device determination unit 24 is not limited to the method of determining the priority list 30 in descending order of priority.
- the conversion device determination unit 24 may determine the power conversion device 6 to which the operation command is to be transmitted, for example, based on a control signal input from an external device such as a host controller.
- the control device 10 outputs a plurality of power conversion devices based on the total value of active power and the total value of reactive power output from the plurality of power conversion devices 6.
- the number of power converters 6 to which the operation command is transmitted is determined, the operation command is transmitted to the determined predetermined number of power converters 6, and the remaining power converters 6 are instructed to wait. to send.
- the power storage system 2 is not limited to the electric power system PS, and may be applied to electric vehicles such as electric locomotives and electric vehicles, for example.
- electric vehicles such as electric locomotives and electric vehicles
- the above power storage system 2 may be applied.
- the load to which the power storage system 2 is applied is not limited to the electric power system PS or the electric vehicle, and may be any load that can supply power to the load and charge the plurality of power storage devices 4 with the power on the load side. .
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Abstract
Description
なお、図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の厚みと幅との関係、部分間の大きさの比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。また、同じ部分を表す場合であっても、図面により互いの寸法や比率が異なって表される場合もある。
なお、本願明細書と各図において、既出の図に関して前述したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
図1に表したように、蓄電システム2は、複数の蓄電装置4と、複数の電力変換装置6と、制御装置10と、を備える。複数の蓄電装置4は、直流電力を蓄積し、蓄積した直流電力の供給(放電)を行うことができるとともに、蓄積した直流電力よりも大きい直流電力の流入に応じて直流電力を再度蓄積する(充電)ことができる。複数の蓄電装置4は、例えば、蓄電池である。複数の蓄電装置4は、例えば、コンデンサなどでもよい。複数の蓄電装置4は、直流電力の放電及び充電が可能な任意の装置でよい。
図2に表したように、制御装置10は、出力値決定部20と、台数決定部22と、変換装置決定部24と、指令送信部26と、を有する。
図3に表したように、優先度リスト30は、装置番号と、充電量(SOC:State Of Charge)と、優先度と、を関連付けて表す。優先度リスト30は、例えば、装置番号と、充電量と、優先度と、を関連付けたテーブルデータである。
また、各具体例のいずれか2つ以上の要素を技術的に可能な範囲で組み合わせたものも、本発明の要旨を包含する限り本発明の範囲に含まれる。
Claims (11)
- 直流電力の放電及び充電が可能な複数の蓄電装置と、
前記複数の蓄電装置及び負荷に接続され、前記複数の蓄電装置に蓄積された直流電力を前記負荷に対応した電力に変換し、前記複数の蓄電装置に蓄積された直流電力を基に、前記負荷への電力の供給を行うとともに、前記負荷の電力を前記複数の蓄電装置に対応した直流電力に変換し、前記負荷側の電力を基に、前記複数の蓄電装置の充電を行う複数の電力変換装置と、
複数の前記電力変換装置の電力の変換動作を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、
複数の前記電力変換装置から出力する有効電力の合計値、及び無効電力の合計値を決定する出力値決定部と、
前記有効電力の合計値及び前記無効電力の合計値を基に、複数の前記電力変換装置のうち、運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置の台数を決定する台数決定部と、
複数の前記電力変換装置のうち、前記台数決定部で決定された台数の所定の前記電力変換装置を、前記運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置として決定する変換装置決定部と、
前記変換装置決定部によって決定された前記電力変換装置に前記運転指令を送信するとともに、複数の前記電力変換装置のうちの前記運転指令を送信しない残りの前記電力変換装置に対して待機指令を送信する指令送信部と、
を有する蓄電システム。 - 前記台数決定部は、複数の前記電力変換装置の1台当たりの有効電力の定格容量、及び複数の前記電力変換装置の1台当たりの無効電力の定格容量の情報を有し、前記出力値決定部によって決定された前記有効電力の合計値、前記無効電力の合計値、前記有効電力の定格容量、及び前記無効電力の定格容量を基に、前記運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置の台数を決定する請求項1記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記変換装置決定部は、複数の前記電力変換装置の優先度を表す優先度リストを有し、複数の前記電力変換装置のうち、前記優先度リストの優先度の高い順に、前記台数決定部で決定された台数の前記電力変換装置を、前記運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置として決定する請求項1記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記優先度リストは、複数の前記電力変換装置を識別するための装置番号と、前記装置番号の表す前記電力変換装置に接続された前記蓄電装置の充電量と、前記装置番号の表す前記電力変換装置に前記運転指令を送信する優先順位を表す優先度と、を関連付けて表し、
前記変換装置決定部は、前記複数の蓄電装置の充電量に応じて、前記優先度リストの複数の前記電力変換装置の優先度を決定する請求項3記載の蓄電システム。 - 前記変換装置決定部は、複数の前記電力変換装置の有効電力の出力方向が、前記負荷に電力を供給する放電方向である場合には、前記蓄電装置の充電量の高い前記電力変換装置の優先度を高くし、複数の前記電力変換装置の有効電力の出力方向が、前記負荷の電力を基に前記蓄電装置を充電する充電方向である場合には、前記蓄電装置の充電量の低い前記電力変換装置の優先度を高くする請求項4記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記変換装置決定部は、定期的に前記複数の蓄電装置の充電量の情報を取得し、取得した前記充電量の情報を基に、前記優先度リストの充電量を更新し、更新後の充電量の並べ替えの処理を行うことにより、定期的に前記優先度リストの複数の前記電力変換装置の優先度を更新する請求項4記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記変換装置決定部は、複数の前記電力変換装置の有効電力の出力方向が、前記負荷に電力を供給する放電方向である場合には、前記蓄電装置の充電量の高い順に、前記装置番号及び前記充電量を並べ替え、複数の前記電力変換装置の有効電力の出力方向が、前記負荷の電力を基に前記蓄電装置を充電する充電方向である場合には、前記蓄電装置の充電量の低い順に、前記装置番号及び前記充電量を並べ替える請求項6記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記変換装置決定部は、前記有効電力の出力方向が前記放電方向である場合には、優先度の高い側又は優先度の低い側から順番に、前記優先度リストにおいて隣接する2つの前記電力変換装置に対応する充電量を比較し、充電量の高い前記電力変換装置の優先度が高くなるように、必要に応じて2つの前記電力変換装置の順番を入れ替える処理を、優先度の最も高い前記電力変換装置の充電量から優先度の最も低い前記電力変換装置の充電量まで、1回ずつ行うことにより、優先度の最も高い前記電力変換装置又は優先度の最も低い前記電力変換装置を確定させ、確定した前記電力変換装置を除く残りの前記電力変換装置について、同様の処理を繰り返すことにより、複数の前記電力変換装置の台数をNとする時に、(N×(N-1))/2回の前記比較の回数で、充電量の高い順に更新後の充電量を並べ替え、
前記変換装置決定部は、前記有効電力の出力方向が前記充電方向である場合には、優先度の高い側又は優先度の低い側から順番に、前記優先度リストにおいて隣接する2つの前記電力変換装置に対応する充電量を比較し、充電量の低い前記電力変換装置の優先度が高くなるように、必要に応じて2つの前記電力変換装置の順番を入れ替える処理を、優先度の最も高い前記電力変換装置の充電量から優先度の最も低い前記電力変換装置の充電量まで、1回ずつ行うことにより、優先度の最も高い前記電力変換装置又は優先度の最も低い前記電力変換装置を確定させ、確定した前記電力変換装置を除く残りの前記電力変換装置について、同様の処理を繰り返すことにより、(N×(N-1))/2回の前記比較の回数で、充電量の低い順に更新後の充電量を並べ替える請求項7記載の蓄電システム。 - 前記変換装置決定部は、隣接する2つの前記電力変換装置に対応する充電量を比較した際に、2つの充電量の差が所定値以上である場合に、2つの前記電力変換装置の順番を入れ替える請求項8記載の蓄電システム。
- 前記変換装置決定部は、優先度の更新の周期毎に、優先度の高い側又は優先度の低い側から順番に、前記優先度リストにおいて隣接する2つの前記電力変換装置に対応する充電量を比較し、必要に応じて2つの前記電力変換装置の順番を入れ替える処理を、前記優先度リストの全ての充電量について1回ずつ行う請求項6記載の蓄電システム。
- 複数の蓄電装置及び負荷に接続され、前記複数の蓄電装置に蓄積された直流電力を前記負荷に対応した電力に変換し、前記複数の蓄電装置に蓄積された直流電力を基に、前記負荷への電力の供給を行うとともに、前記負荷の電力を前記複数の蓄電装置に対応した直流電力に変換し、前記負荷側の電力を基に、前記複数の蓄電装置の充電を行う複数の電力変換装置の電力の変換動作を制御する制御装置であって、
複数の前記電力変換装置から出力する有効電力の合計値、及び無効電力の合計値を決定する出力値決定部と、
前記有効電力の合計値及び前記無効電力の合計値を基に、複数の前記電力変換装置のうち、運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置の台数を決定する台数決定部と、
複数の前記電力変換装置のうち、前記台数決定部で決定された台数の所定の前記電力変換装置を、前記運転指令を送信する前記電力変換装置として決定する変換装置決定部と、
前記変換装置決定部によって決定された前記電力変換装置に前記運転指令を送信するとともに、複数の前記電力変換装置のうちの前記運転指令を送信しない残りの前記電力変換装置に対して待機指令を送信する指令送信部と、
を備えた制御装置。
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JP3890168B2 (ja) | 1999-08-03 | 2007-03-07 | 株式会社東京アールアンドデー | 電動装置及びその電池ユニットの充放電方法 |
JP2013172567A (ja) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-09-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 電力制御装置および電力制御方法 |
JP5924524B2 (ja) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-05-25 | オムロン株式会社 | 蓄電池制御装置、蓄電池制御方法、プログラム、蓄電システム、および電源システム |
WO2020084688A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-04-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 系統システム、制御装置及び系統システムの制御方法 |
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JP3890168B2 (ja) | 1999-08-03 | 2007-03-07 | 株式会社東京アールアンドデー | 電動装置及びその電池ユニットの充放電方法 |
JP2013172567A (ja) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-09-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 電力制御装置および電力制御方法 |
JP5924524B2 (ja) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-05-25 | オムロン株式会社 | 蓄電池制御装置、蓄電池制御方法、プログラム、蓄電システム、および電源システム |
WO2020084688A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-04-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 系統システム、制御装置及び系統システムの制御方法 |
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