WO2022172968A1 - バイオマス資源からのテレフタル酸の製造方法及びバイオマス資源からのポリエステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス資源からのテレフタル酸の製造方法及びバイオマス資源からのポリエステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022172968A1 WO2022172968A1 PCT/JP2022/005192 JP2022005192W WO2022172968A1 WO 2022172968 A1 WO2022172968 A1 WO 2022172968A1 JP 2022005192 W JP2022005192 W JP 2022005192W WO 2022172968 A1 WO2022172968 A1 WO 2022172968A1
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- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/52—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C67/54—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12N9/0073—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14) with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen 1.14.13
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- C12Y101/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1)
- C12Y101/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-OH group of donors (1.1) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.1.1)
- C12Y101/01257—4-(Hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.257)
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- C12Y102/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (1.2) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.2.1)
- C12Y102/01007—Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (1.2.1.7)
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- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/13—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14) with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen (1.14.13)
- C12Y114/13002—4-Hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (1.14.13.2)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing terephthalic acid from biomass resources and a method for producing polyester from biomass resources.
- Terephthalic acid which is a raw material for polyester, is conventionally produced by chemically oxidizing p-xylene after obtaining p-xylene through a pyrolysis process of naphtha derived from crude oil, which is a fossil resource, followed by a distillation process. ing.
- crude oil which is a fossil resource
- biomass resources are renewable resources and can fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. A reduction in carbon footprint is expected compared to acids and polyesters. Therefore, methods for producing terephthalic acid and polyester from biomass resources have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Polyester is one of the most widely used synthetic resins in the world for various fibers, films, sheets, containers, etc., due to its excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability, transparency, and low cost.
- Polyester is a polymer compound obtained by polycondensation of polyhydric carboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol.
- Polyesters using terephthalic acid as polycarboxylic acid include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene terephthalate succinate (PETS ), etc.
- PET is used for fibers, PET bottles, films, and the like.
- PTT is used for fibers and the like, and PBT is used for injection molded parts and the like.
- PBAT and PETS are utilized as biodegradable polymers.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 a thermal decomposition reaction at a high temperature of several hundred degrees is performed in the process for obtaining p-xylene from biomass resources.
- a large amount of energy is consumed due to the steps, dehydration reaction step, cyclization reaction step, aromatization step, and the like.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing p-tolualdehyde from biomass resources, the aromatization step reaction is performed at a high temperature of 400 ° C. as in the above, so energy consumption is large. There is a problem.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 above have a problem that the number of steps is large in the process of producing terephthalic acid from biomass resources.
- the chemical conversion process is as long as 3 steps, so the chemical conversion requires large-scale equipment and a large economic burden.
- the p-xylene production process disclosed in Patent Document 2 since the chemical conversion process is two steps, the equipment and economic burden for the chemical conversion are similarly large.
- Non-Patent Document 3 since there are five chemical conversion steps from furfural to terephthalic acid, large-scale equipment and a large economic burden are required as in the above case.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 which disclose a method for producing p-xylene from biomass resources, at least one additional chemical conversion step is required for the production of terephthalic acid.
- the present invention is a method for producing terephthalic acid, which includes a step of converting a biomass resource or a compound derived from a biomass resource into p-tolualdehyde by a microorganism in a short process with low energy consumption. , found a method of making polyester.
- a group of genes encoding four types of enzymes: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, toluate methyl monooxygenase, 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase.
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase toluate methyl monooxygenase
- 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase.
- terephthalic acid could be biotransformed from p-tolualdehyde produced in the transformant using the resulting transformant.
- the present invention has been completed
- a method for producing terephthalic acid which comprises a step of converting a biomass resource or a compound derived from a biomass resource into p-tolualdehyde using a microorganism.
- the biomass resource-derived compound is at least one of shikimic acid, 1-p-tolylethanol, p-methylacetophenone, and p-methylbenzyl alcohol.
- the biomass resource is a biomass resource treated by a pretreatment step, a saccharification step, or both.
- the above [ 1] The method for producing terephthalic acid according to any one of [3].
- the edible biomass comprises at least one kind of biomass selected from corn, sweet potato, rice, potato, wheat, barley, tapioca, sugarcane, beet, molasses, and high test molasses.
- the non-edible biomass contains at least one type of biomass selected from herbaceous biomass, woody biomass, paper, pulp, waste paper, bagasse, and corn stover. Production method.
- [7] The method for producing terephthalic acid according to any one of [1] to [6] above, which comprises adding at least one enzyme selected from amylase, cellulase, hemicellulase, and ligninolytic enzyme to the medium. .
- [8] The method for producing terephthalic acid according to any one of [1] to [7] above, wherein p-tolualdehyde is biologically oxidized using microorganisms to produce terephthalic acid.
- the microorganism is the same as the microorganism used for the production of p-tolualdehyde, and four types of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, toluate methyl monooxygenase, 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase;
- a method for producing polyester comprising a step of reacting terephthalic acid produced by the method for producing terephthalic acid according to any one of [1] to [10] above with a diol compound to produce polyester.
- the aforementioned microorganism (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the subject microorganism") capable of producing p-tolualdehyde from the compound derived from it.
- the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 and retains benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity; said toluate methyl monooxygenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20 and retains toluate methyl monooxygenase activity; said 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and retains 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity; said 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 and retains 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity;
- the microorganism according to [12] or [13] above, wherein the microorganism is Phlebia uda or Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza.
- the gene cluster comprising the step of introducing into a microorganism a gene cluster encoding four types of enzymes: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, toluate methyl monooxygenase, 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase;
- a method for producing a gene-introduced microorganism, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism capable of producing p-tolualdehyde from a biomass resource or a compound derived from a biomass resource hereinafter referred to as the "method for producing a microorganism" Sometimes).
- the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 and retains benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity; said toluate methyl monooxygenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20 and retains toluate methyl monooxygenase activity; said 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21 and retains 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity; said 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 and retains 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity; The method according to [15] above. [17] The method of [15] or [16] above, wherein the microorganism is Phlebia uda or Hydn
- biomass resources can be converted into p-tolualdehyde at room temperature by using a fermentation method using microorganisms, so energy consumption can be greatly reduced.
- p-tolualdehyde having the same carbon skeleton as terephthalic acid can be produced from biomass resources in one step by fermentation of microorganisms, so that the number of steps in producing terephthalic acid can be reduced. can.
- terephthalic acid can be biotransformed from p-tolualdehyde produced in the transformant, so that terephthalic acid can be produced from biomass resources in one step, greatly reducing energy consumption. can be reduced to Therefore, compared with other known methods, equipment costs can be suppressed, and the economic burden is small. Furthermore, it becomes possible to provide a method for producing the polyester produced by this method.
- FIG. 1(a) is a diagram for explaining the conventional method
- FIG. 1(b) is a diagram for explaining the method of the present invention.
- polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) will be described.
- Terephthalic acid is produced by oxidizing p-xylene by supplying air in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt, manganese or bromine.
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- the method of the present invention uses biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources instead of fossil resources as raw materials.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of culturing microorganisms in the presence of biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources.
- Such culturing includes, for example, solid culturing microorganisms on biomass; standing on culture media solidified by agar, gellan gum, agarose, etc.; shaking in the culture medium of .
- Cultivation can be performed under conditions such as an appropriate culture medium, an appropriate culture temperature, an appropriate culture period, and the like.
- the culture medium is not particularly limited as long as it allows the survival and growth of microorganisms. Examples include potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, malt extract agar (MA) medium, LB agar medium, LB liquid medium, YM liquid medium, TB liquid medium, and the like.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, and is, for example, within the range of 15 to 40°C, preferably 20 to 38°C, more preferably 22 to 30°C, and even more preferably 24 to 28°C.
- the culture period is not particularly limited, and is, for example, within the range of 4 to 40 days, preferably 5 to 35 days, more preferably 5 to 30 days, and even more preferably 10 to 20 days.
- the shaking speed when culturing microorganisms under shaking conditions is, for example, within the range of 60 to 300 rpm, preferably 80 to 120 rpm.
- Microorganisms use their own enzymes to decompose or change biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources, and produce p-tolualdehyde, which has the same carbon skeleton as terephthalic acid, as an intermediate product. Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing p-tolualdehyde, which comprises the step of culturing microorganisms in the presence of biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources. After carrying out such a production method, the p-tolualdehyde-containing culture medium is heated and then cooled by a condenser or the like, whereby the p-tolualdehyde-containing solution can be recovered.
- p-tolualdehyde can be recovered while the microorganism is being cultured by cooling the exhaust gas from the culture tank in which the microorganism is being cultured using a condenser or the like.
- p-tolualdehyde can be recovered from a culture medium containing p-tolualdehyde by extraction with an organic solvent. Any kind of organic solvent may be used as long as it is not completely miscible with water, such as petroleum ether, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and 4-methyltetrahydropyran.
- these organic solvents may be added at the time of culturing as long as they do not significantly inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
- Purification methods such as chromatography, distillation, etc. can be used to increase the p-tolualdehyde to the desired concentration. After that, the obtained p-tolualdehyde is oxidized to produce terephthalic acid. At this time, air may be supplied and chemically oxidized as described above, but from the viewpoint of producing terephthalic acid with low energy consumption and in a short process, microorganisms (preferably A method of biological oxidation using the same microorganisms used for production is preferred.
- p-tolualdehyde When p-tolualdehyde is biologically oxidized to terephthalic acid, p-tolualdehyde after purification may be oxidized to terephthalic acid by the above method, or a microorganism that produces p-tolualdehyde may be oxidized to terephthalic acid. , p-tolualdehyde may be oxidized to terephthalic acid by co-culturing with a microorganism that oxidizes p-tolualdehyde to terephthalic acid.
- p-tolualdehyde produced in microorganisms is oxidized by chemical reactions represented by the following formulas (I) to (IV). , methods of biotransforming terephthalic acid.
- the microorganisms include four enzymes (benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [BZDH] that catalyzes the chemical reaction shown in the following formula (I); ) toluate methylmonooxygenase [TsaMB; toluate methylmonooxygenase] that catalyzes the chemical reaction shown in ); Those that express 4-CBA dehydrogenase [TsaD], which catalyzes a chemical reaction, are preferred (reference “Nat Commun. 2017 May 31;8:15689.”).
- BZDH benzaldehyde dehydrogenase
- microorganism When the microorganism is not a microorganism that expresses the above four types of enzymes (BZDH, TsaMB, TsaC, and TsaD), a microorganism into which genes encoding the above four types of enzymes have been introduced, biomass resources or biomass resources A microorganism capable of producing p-tolualdehyde from the compound from which it is derived (ie, the subject microorganism) is preferred.
- the present microorganism is a method comprising the step of introducing a group of genes (polynucleotides) encoding the above four types of enzymes into a microorganism capable of producing p-tolualdehyde from biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources (i.e., the present microorganism method).
- Methods for such gene introduction include, for example, a method using calcium ions, a general competent cell transformation method, a protoplast transformation method, and an electroporation method.
- the gene group encoding the above-mentioned four enzymes to be introduced into the microorganism is in a vector (the same vector or separate vectors) linked so that the promoter is operable upstream thereof.
- vectors include those further containing the nucleotide sequences of enhancer regions and ribosome binding sites (RBS) in order to further increase gene expression efficiency, and those containing a carboxin-resistant gene, It may further contain drug resistance genes (selection marker genes) such as spectinomycin resistance gene, chloramphenicol resistance gene, tetracycline resistance gene, kanamycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene and the like.
- the enhancer region is usually placed upstream of the promoter, and the RBS is usually placed between the promoter and the gene group encoding the above four enzymes.
- promoter means a region where RNA polymerase (preferably RNA polymerase and basic transcription factors) binds and initiates transcription of mRNA encoded by a gene located downstream thereof.
- BZDH from Novosphingobium (Sphingomonas) aromaticivorans a gene encoding a polypeptide having the same identity and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity [specifically, the activity of catalyzing the chemical reaction represented by the above formula (I)] (Preferably, it has at least 90% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and retains benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity [specifically, the activity to catalyze the chemical reaction shown in formula (I) above] polypeptide), orthologues of these genes, and the like, and in the case of a gene encoding TsaMB, for example, TsaMB derived from Comamonas testosteroni (preferably, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 and at least 90% and a polypeptide having toluate methyl monooxygenase activity [specifically, the activity of cata
- Nucleotide sequences of genes encoding the above four types of enzymes can be obtained by those skilled in the art by referring to the amino acid sequences of the above four types of enzymes and known codon tables corresponding to various microorganisms. can be specifically and unambiguously identified as the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of
- a conventional method can be used to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from terephthalic acid.
- Ethylene glycol that can be used in the present invention may be ethylene glycol derived from fossil resources, but in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions that cause global warming, bioethanol-derived bioethylene glycol produced from biomass resources should be used.
- biomass resources are used as raw materials and terephthalic acid is produced by culturing microorganisms. amount can be significantly reduced. Moreover, since an expensive apparatus such as a furnace for thermal decomposition is not required, terephthalic acid and polyester can be produced at low cost.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of the production flow of terephthalic acid and polyester.
- edible biomass containing sugars is used as the biomass resource
- sugars are used as the biomass resource-derived compound.
- Edible biomass is a biomass resource that grows through photosynthesis and that can be eaten (edible).
- Saccharides are monosaccharides or disaccharides that are nutrients that serve as energy sources for organisms, and include, for example, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, and maltose.
- oligosaccharides may be included in the saccharides.
- the edible biomass containing a large amount of sugars is not particularly limited, and examples include sugarcane, grapes, beets, molasses, and high test molasses.
- examples include sugarcane, grapes, beets, molasses, and high test molasses.
- the edible biomass containing saccharides only one of the above types may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- step 101 edible biomass containing sugars is added to a culture device in which microorganisms are cultured.
- a culture apparatus includes a reaction vessel having a medium for culturing microorganisms. Thereafter, the culture device or medium components may be sterilized by autoclaving, steam, or the like.
- biomass resource-derived shikimic acid, 1-p-tolylethanol, p-methylacetophenone, and p-methylbenzyl alcohol may be added to the culture apparatus.
- saccharides derived from biomass resources can be produced by fermentation of microorganisms according to the present invention. can be prepared.
- step 102 microorganisms in the culture apparatus produce p-tolualdehyde from sugars contained in edible biomass.
- the microorganism to be cultured may be any microorganism as long as it can produce p-tolualdehyde from sugars. Also, shikimic acid, 1-p-tolylethanol, p-methylacetophenone, and p-methylbenzyl alcohol may be added to the culture apparatus.
- Microorganisms that can be used in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they use biomass resources or compounds derived from biomass resources as raw materials and have the ability to produce p-tolualdehyde.
- Examples of microorganisms belonging to the family Meruliaceae include the genus Abortiporus, the genus Amaurohydnum, the genus Amauromyces, the genus Aquascypha, the genus Aurantiopileus, the genus Aurantiporus, the genus Bjerkandera, the genus Bulbillomyces, the genus Ceriporiopsis, the genus Cerocorticium, the genus Chrysoderma.
- microorganisms can be obtained by isolating them from nature. It can also be obtained from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) or the like. Alternatively, these microorganisms may be subjected to physical or chemical mutation treatments to prepare p-tolualdehyde high-producing strains, and the prepared high-producing strains may be used.
- p-tolualdehyde obtained by culturing microorganisms can be purified to increase its purity before conversion to terephthalic acid. Any method for purifying p-tolualdehyde can be used as long as it is a method for increasing the purity of p-tolualdehyde.
- p-tolualdehyde can be purified by any one or a combination of methods for purifying chemical products such as solid-liquid separation, distillation, crystallization, decolorization, and desalting. Purification methods can also be carried out using separation techniques such as membrane separation and chromatography.
- the medium composition is charged into the reaction vessel 10 at the start of fermentation, the medium components are sterilized by autoclaving, steam, etc., and then the microorganisms are added to the medium 11. It is a method of inoculating and culturing microorganisms while adjusting pH, oxygen concentration, temperature and the like.
- the reaction tank 10 is provided with an agitator 12 for keeping the concentration of the culture medium 11 and the dissolved oxygen concentration uniform and for supplying oxygen to the culture medium. Also, it is desirable to supply sterilized air from the bottom of the reaction vessel 10 .
- the batch culture method does not add a carbon source or the like that serves as a nutrient for the microorganism, the depletion of the nutrient stops the proliferation and growth of the microorganism. For this reason, in the batch culture method, microorganisms go through a lag phase, a logarithmic growth phase, and finally enter a stationary phase in which the growth rate decreases or stops.
- the induction period is a stage in which microorganisms have not adapted to the environment, and there is little growth.
- the exponential growth phase is the period during which microbial growth occurs exponentially or logarithmically.
- Carbon sources include saccharides contained in edible biomass, shikimic acid added to the reactor, and the like.
- the cultured cells can be aseptically recovered and used for the next batch culture.
- the fed-batch culture method is a method in which the carbon source is gradually added as the fermentation process progresses. Therefore, in the fed-batch culture method, as shown in FIG.
- the fed-batch culture method is useful when the metabolism of microorganisms tends to be suppressed by catabolite suppression and it is preferable to limit the amount of carbon source in the medium.
- catabolite suppression is a phenomenon in which the carbon source added to the medium reduces the rate of synthesis of a specific enzyme.
- the continuous culture method is a method in which a predetermined amount of culture medium is continuously supplied to the reaction tank at a constant rate, while simultaneously withdrawing the same amount of culture solution. For this reason, in the continuous culture method, as shown in FIG.
- the continuous culture method can continuously replace part or all of the medium to replenish nutrients and prevent the accumulation of metabolic by-products and dead cells that can adversely affect the growth of microorganisms. can.
- the microorganisms used in the present invention can be used after being immobilized using known methods such as the carrier binding method, the cross-linking method, and the entrapment method.
- the culture apparatus used in the present invention an aeration stirring type culture tank, an air lift type culture tank, a packed tank type culture tank, a fluidized bed type culture tank, or the like can be used.
- the nutrients used for culturing microorganisms are not limited to carbon sources, but may include nitrogen sources, various salts, vitamins, minerals, etc.
- Nitrogen sources include, for example, yeast extract, peptone, various amino acids, soybean meal, corn steep liquor, urea, and nitrogen compounds such as various inorganic nitrogens.
- terephthalic acid is produced from p-tolualdehyde.
- Terephthalic acid is produced from p-tolualdehyde by a chemical oxidation method or a biological oxidation method.
- the chemical oxidation method include a method of oxidation with an oxygen-containing gas using a heavy metal salt or a bromine compound as a catalyst (see, for example, JP-A-51-86437).
- a method of biological oxidation for example, a method using genetically engineered Escherichia coli (for example, Luo, Z., Lee, S. Biotransformation of p-xylene into terephthalic acid by engineered Escherichia coli. Nat Common 8, 15689 (2017) (see http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15689)).
- terephthalic acid is purified in order to improve the purity of terephthalic acid.
- the purification method can be carried out by any one or a combination of methods for purifying chemical products such as solid-liquid separation, distillation, crystallization, decolorization, and desalting. Purification methods can also be carried out using separation techniques such as membrane separation and chromatography.
- polyester is produced by polymerizing the refined terephthalic acid and the diol compound, and the work ends in step 106.
- Polyesters produced include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene terephthalate succinate (PETS), and the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PBAT polybutylene adipate terephthalate
- PETS polybutylene terephthalate succinate
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a second example of the production flow of terephthalic acid and polyester.
- edible biomass containing polysaccharides is used as biomass resources, and polysaccharides are used as compounds derived from biomass resources.
- polysaccharides include cellulose, starch, hemicellulose, pectin, and the like.
- Edible biomass containing polysaccharides is, for example, edible biomass containing starch, which is one of polysaccharides (starch-based edible biomass).
- the starch-based edible biomass is not particularly limited, and examples include corn, sweet potato, rice, potato, wheat, barley, and tapioca. Only one type of the starch-based edible biomass may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the starch-based edible biomass is preferably gelatinized by adding water and heating.
- step 201 polysaccharides contained in edible biomass are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides.
- a microorganism can be used as a raw material even if the polysaccharide is intact, but the production rate of p-tolualdehyde produced by the microorganism in the present invention is better if the polysaccharide is hydrolyzed into a monosaccharide and then added to the medium. is faster, which is preferable.
- Oligosaccharides may also be contained after hydrolysis of the starch-based edible biomass.
- the hydrolysis from polysaccharides to monosaccharides may be hydrolysis with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid, or may be hydrolysis with an enzyme produced by microorganisms.
- Enzymes produced by microorganisms are amylase and the like.
- As the amylase used in preparing the glucose used in the present invention from starch-based edible biomass at least one of liquefying amylase ( ⁇ -amylase), saccharifying amylase ( ⁇ -amylase), pullulanase, glucoamylase, and the like. It is desirable to contain it, and depending on the type of enzyme, the pH and temperature suitable for the enzymatic reaction can be selected.
- amylase-producing microorganisms for example, microorganisms belonging to the genus Aspergills, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas can be used. Hydrolysis may be carried out in a tank separate from the reaction tank, or may be carried out in the reaction tank. When carried out in a reaction vessel, an enzyme such as amylase can be added to the medium in which the microorganism is cultured.
- Step 202 and subsequent steps are the same as the processing from step 101 and subsequent steps shown in FIG. 2, so description thereof will be omitted here.
- step 202 when adding edible biomass to the culture apparatus, microorganisms that produce enzymes such as amylase may be added. Microorganisms that produce enzymes such as amylase may also be cultured together with microorganisms that produce p-tolualdehyde from sugars.
- Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a third example of the production flow of terephthalic acid and polyester.
- non-edible biomass is used as the biomass resource.
- Non-edible biomass is biomass that cannot be eaten, unlike edible biomass.
- Non-edible biomass is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include woody biomass and herbaceous biomass.
- Woody biomass includes, for example, coniferous trees such as pine, cedar, fir, spruce, Douglas fir, and radiata pine, and broadleaf trees such as beech, birch, alder, maple, eucalyptus, poplar, acacia, lauan, aspen, and rubber. can be mentioned.
- herbaceous biomass examples include kenaf, Manila hemp, corn stover, corn cob, bamboo, bagasse, rice straw, rice husk, wheat straw, cotton linter, reed, flax, erianthus, mulberry, mitsumata, soybean residue, sweet potato stems and leaves, etc. can be mentioned.
- the non-edible biomass is not limited to using only one type, and multiple types may be used.
- non-edible biomass When using non-edible biomass as a raw material, it is desirable to use it in a physically crushed state instead of using wood as it is. This is to facilitate the permeation of chemicals when using chemicals to reduce the content of lignin bound to cellulose, which is one of the polysaccharides that constitute wood and the like.
- non-edible biomass is pretreated.
- Paper, waste paper, pulp, etc. can also be used as raw materials.
- Paper, waste paper, and pulp can be those produced by known methods such as chemical pulping, mechanical pulping, and semi-chemical pulping (for example, Sambrook, J et al., Molecular Cloning 2nd ed., 9.47-9.58, Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press (1989)).
- the pulp preferably contains a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose, and may contain lignin.
- the material can be made into small pieces, the specific surface area can be increased, and chemicals can easily permeate, but any other method can be adopted as long as the lignin content can be reduced.
- a known chemical pulp manufacturing method can be used (see, for example, Paper Pulp Manufacturing Technology Series, Vol. 1 Kraft Pulp, Vol. 2 Mechanical Pulp, edited by Pulp and Paper Technology Association).
- the chemical used in the pretreatment may be any chemical as long as it can reduce the lignin content, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, calcium sulfite, ozone, oxygen, chlorine, Hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, or a combination of at least two of these can be used.
- a method of treating non-edible biomass under high temperature and pressure in the presence or absence of chemicals may be adopted. This is for improving the separation and recovery of lignin.
- a chemical having a quinone structure such as anthraquinone or a surfactant may be added at the same time to increase the separation and recovery rate of lignin.
- Non-edible biomass can also be hydrolyzed using acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. It can also be hydrolyzed by enzymes produced by microorganisms. In the case of non-edible biomass, microorganisms that produce enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, and ligninolytic enzymes can be used as enzymes.
- the hydrolysis may be carried out in a tank separate from the reaction tank, or may be carried out in the reaction tank.
- enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, and lignolytic enzymes can be added to the medium in which the microorganism is cultured. Only one type of these enzymes may be added, or two or more types may be added.
- Step 303 and subsequent steps are the same as steps 101 shown in FIG. 2 and 202 and subsequent steps shown in FIG. 4, so the description is omitted here.
- step 303 when adding non-edible biomass, microorganisms that produce enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, and ligninolytic enzymes may be added.
- microorganisms that produce enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, and lignolytic enzymes may also be cultured together with microorganisms that produce p-tolualdehyde from sugars.
- cellulase-producing microorganisms include bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum, Cellulomonas fimi, and Clostridium thermocellum.
- bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum, Cellulomonas fimi, and Clostridium thermocellum.
- filamentous fungi for example, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus niger, Humicola grisea, Humicola insolens, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viridii (Trichoderma viridie) and the like.
- Cellulases produced by these microorganisms can also be used as enzymes.
- Enzymes that constitute cellulases include endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, ⁇ -glucosidase, and the like.
- the enzyme may be composed of only one of these types, or may be composed of two or more types.
- cellulase commercially available cellulases such as Cellic Ctec3 (manufactured by Novozemes) and Accellerase (DuPont Industrial Biosciences) can be used.
- Cellic Ctec3 manufactured by Novozemes
- Accellerase DuPont Industrial Biosciences
- the hemicellulase it is desirable to mainly include xylanase when the non-edible biomass is broad-leaved trees or non-edible herbaceous biomass. If the non-edible biomass is softwood, it preferably contains primarily mannanase.
- lignin-degrading enzymes basidiomycete-derived manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, versatile peroxidase, etc. can be used.
- manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, or versatile peroxidase it is desirable to add hydrogen peroxide for efficient enzymatic reaction.
- sequence identity means that the sequence identity to the entire subject sequence is 90% or more, preferably 91% or more, more preferably 92% or more, and further Preferably 93% or more, even more preferably 94% or more, particularly preferably 95% or more, especially more preferably 98% or more, most preferably 100% identity.
- sequence identity refers to the degree of amino acid sequence similarity (which is determined by matching the query sequence to other, preferably identical, sequences (protein sequences)).
- GCG BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- Example 1 Mycoacia uda (ATCC76971) was cultured in the presence of edible biomass containing a large amount of sugars to produce p-tolualdehyde, followed by chemical synthesis to produce terephthalic acid and polyester.
- Pre-culture If the isolated microorganisms are inoculated into a large volume medium from the beginning, the induction period will be long and the growth of the microorganisms will take time. Increase the medium volume. Pre-cultivation is the work of inoculating a small amount of medium before inoculating a large-capacity medium to grow the microorganisms.
- Mycoacia uda (ATCC76971) as a microorganism, it was precultured on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at a temperature of 26°C for 1 week (7 days). After that, 10 cells were punched out with a cork polarizer having a diameter of 7 mm, and sterilized in an autoclave (121 ° C., 20 minutes) YM liquid medium (yeast extract 0.3%, malt extract 0.3%, glucose 1 %, peptone 0.5%, pH 6.2) were inoculated into three 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL. After that, the medium was agitated for 7 days with a shaker culture machine (26° C., 100 rpm) for pre-culture.
- PDA potato dextrose agar
- the culture solution after the pre-culture was filtered through Miracloth (Merck), and the obtained cells were crushed with 100 mL of sterilized water in a Waring blender.
- the cell lysate was cultured at 26°C for 2 weeks in a 3L jar fermentation medium (manufactured by ABLE) using a medium containing 5% blackstrap molasses and a yeast nitrogen base (no amino acids) as a nitrogen source. did
- toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure (reduced pressure distillation) using a rotary evaporator (manufactured by Buchi). Further, p-tolualdehyde was purified by silica gel chromatography using a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate at a ratio of 9:1 as a developing solvent.
- Terephthalic acid is produced by oxidizing p-tolualdehyde. Therefore, purified p-tolualdehyde is oxidized, and the method described in JP-A-51-86437 was employed as the oxidation method.
- a titanium pressure-resistant reactor (capacity 2.5 L) equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirring device, and a heating device, and having a raw material inlet, a raw material gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a reactant outlet, and a reaction Continuous oxidation of p-tolualdehyde was carried out in a continuous oxidation reactor having two reactant receivers connected in series to a reactant outlet.
- Acetic acid containing a predetermined amount of catalyst metal and bromine compound (water content: 5 wt%) was charged into the reactor in advance, pressurized to about 1 MPa with nitrogen, and then heated to 210°C. After raising the temperature to 210° C., under conditions of about 1.8 MPa, p-tolualdehyde and acetic acid containing 0.0283 wt % cobalt, 0.0567 wt % manganese, and 0.121 wt % amount of 0.03 wt %) was continuously fed at a feed rate resulting in a ratio of 225 g/hr of p-tolualdehyde and 1120 g/hr of acetic acid. Acetic acid containing cobalt, manganese, and bromine was prepared using cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, manganese acetate, and tetrabromoethane.
- the reaction product was continuously extracted from the reactor in a slurry state, filtered, and the cake was washed twice each with acetic acid and water and dried to obtain terephthalic acid.
- the yield of terephthalic acid thus obtained was calculated to be 5.2% of the sugars contained in the blackstrap molasses.
- the yield is a value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the amount of terephthalic acid actually obtained (yield) to the maximum amount of terephthalic acid that can be theoretically obtained (theoretical yield) by 100 and expressed as a percentage of 100.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the temperature was raised to 220°C to distill off excess ethylene glycol. After 20 minutes from raising the temperature to 220° C., the temperature was raised to 280° C. and maintained at that temperature for 15 minutes. After that, a vacuum adapter was attached, and the pressure was gradually reduced to 0.4 hPa. After 3 hours, the reactor was cooled while introducing nitrogen gas. After cooling, vacuum drying was performed at 150° C. for 12 hours.
- the obtained biomass resource-derived PET had good polymer properties, spinning stability, and dye exhaustion rate.
- Example 2 Terephthalic acid and polyester were produced using starch-based edible biomass.
- saccharification was performed because it is desirable to hydrolyze polysaccharides into monosaccharides by saccharification.
- glucoamylase Allcoholase II L400, manufactured by Alltech
- Example 1 After saccharification, in the main culture in Example 1, instead of blackstrap molasses, starch after enzymatic saccharification was added so that the glucose concentration was 10 wt%. Except for this, the same method as in Example 1 was used to produce terephthalic acid and polyester. The yield of terephthalic acid thus obtained was 5.1% of the added starch. In addition, the obtained biomass resource-derived PET had good polymer properties, spinning stability, and dye exhaustion rate.
- Example 3 Terephthalic acid and polyester were produced using non-edible biomass. When non-edible biomass was used, pretreatment and saccharification treatment reduced lignin content and hydrolyzed polysaccharides to monosaccharides.
- Example 4 Terephthalic acid and polyester were produced from p-methylacetophenone, which is a raw material derived from biomass resources.
- the pre-culture was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and in the main culture, p-methylacetophenone derived from biomass resources was added so that the concentration in the medium was 1 wt%.
- Biomass resource-derived p-methylacetophenone was obtained by oxidizing citral obtained from biomass resource lemon. Oxidation of citral is performed by the method described in the literature (Ueno et al., Formation Mechanism of p-Methylacetophenone from Citral via a tert-Alkoxy Radical Intermediate. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5677-5684 (2004)). gone. As a result, the yield of terephthalic acid was 1.5% of the added citral.
- the obtained biomass resource-derived PET had good polymer properties, spinning stability, and dye exhaustion rate.
- the yield is 1.5 to 5.2%. It was found that terephthalic acid can be produced with a yield almost equal to that produced by terephthalic acid.
- Example 5 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, Toluate methylmonooxygenase gene, 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and 4-carboxy A 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene was prepared.
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19
- the base sequence of the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene derived from Pseudomonas putida was genetically primed based on the codon usage frequency in basidiomycetes.
- DNA was chemically synthesized and named MuBZDH.
- MuBZDH was cloned into pUC18 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) and named pMuBZDH.
- tsaMB toluate methyl monooxygenase gene
- tsaC 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene
- tsaD 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene
- Toluate methyl monooxygenase (polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20), 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase (polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21), and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde efficiently in basidiomycetes
- dehydrogenase a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22
- the toluate methyl monooxygenase gene (tsaMB) derived from Comamonas testosteroni (Comamonas testosteroni), 4, based on the codon usage frequency in basidiomycetes.
- DNA encoding toluate methyl monooxygenase optimized for basidiomycetes is MutsaMB
- DNA encoding 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase optimized for basidiomycetes is MutsaC
- 4-carboxybenzaldehyde optimized for basidiomycetes DNAs encoding dehydrogenases were named MutsaD, respectively.
- MutsaMB, MutsaC, and MutsaD were cloned into pUC18 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), respectively, and named pMutsaMB, pMutsaC, and pMutsaD, respectively.
- MuBZDH, MutsaMB, MutsaC, and MutsaD expression vectors were constructed using the promoter and 3′ end region of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) from the basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda].
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene (MuBZDH) prepared in (5-1) above in a basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda]
- Mycoacia uda a promoter of Mycoacia uda (M. uda) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter region was used.
- GPD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- the enzyme used for PCR was KOD plus sold by Toyobo, and the PCR reaction was carried out under the conditions of 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 minute, 60°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 2 minutes.
- a 1 kbp DNA fragment amplified by the PCR reaction was purified using a QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the enzyme used for PCR was KOD plus sold by Toyobo, and the PCR reaction was carried out under the conditions of 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 minute, 60°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 2 minutes.
- a DNA fragment amplified by the PCR reaction was purified using a QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the 3' terminal region (0.8 kbp) of the GPD gene of M. uda was used to stabilize the expression of MuBZDH.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 were used using the genomic DNA of M. uda as a template.
- a PCR reaction was performed. KOD plus sold by Toyobo Co., Ltd. is used for the enzyme used for PCR, and the PCR reaction is carried out under the conditions of 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 minute, 60°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 1 minute. rice field.
- the obtained 0.8 kbp DNA fragment was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the promoter region of the Mycoacia uda glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) amplified by the above PCR (2) the benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene optimized for basidiomycetes, and (3) a PCR reaction was performed using the 3' terminal region of the GPD gene of Mycoacia uda. KOD plus sold by Toyobo was used as the enzyme for PCR, and the PCR reaction was carried out under the conditions of 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 minute, 60°C for 10 minutes, and 72°C for 5 minutes.
- the DNA fragment after PCR was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- a PCR reaction was performed using a primer consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- KOD plus sold by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the PCR enzyme, and the PCR reaction was carried out under the conditions of 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 minute, 60°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 5 minutes.
- the DNA fragment after PCR was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- cloning was performed using TOPO TA Cloning Kit (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- the resulting vector was named pGPDMuBZDH.
- the obtained DNA fragment was subjected to a PCR reaction using a nucleotide sequence analysis reagent manufactured by Applied Biosystems, and the reaction product was subjected to a DNA sequencer ABI PRISM 310 automated nucleotide sequencer manufactured by Applied Biosystems. was analyzed using
- (6-2) a toluate methyl monooxygenase gene expression vector using the promoter and 3' end region of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) derived from a basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda], Construction of 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (MutsaC) for the basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda)] and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene (MutsaD) for the basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda].
- gpd glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene
- the promoter of the GPD gene derived from Mycoacia uda is ligated, and the 3' terminal region of the GPD gene derived from Basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda] is ligated to the 3' end of each of these genes, and toluate is added.
- a methylmonooxygenase gene expression vector pGPDMutsaMB
- pGPDMutsaC 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector
- pGPDMutsaD 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector
- a vector containing a toluate methyl monooxygenase gene (pMutsaMB) and a 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene are used instead of pMuBZDH in the above (6-1) method for producing pGPDMuBZDH.
- a vector (pMutsaC) containing 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene and a vector (pMutsaD) containing the 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene were used as templates for PCR reaction.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 were used to amplify the gpd promoter of Mycoacia uda.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 were used to generate Mycosia uda (M uda)
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 were used to amplify GPDMutsaMB.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 were used.
- the PCR reaction conditions other than the primers are the same as in (6-1) above.
- the DNA fragment after the PCR reaction was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN) and then cloned using TOPO TA Cloning Kit (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- the resulting vector was named pGPDMutsaMB.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 were used to amplify the gpd promoter of Mycoacia uda.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 were used to obtain Mycosia uda.
- Amplification of the 3′-terminal region (0.8 kbp) of the gpd gene of (M. uda) was performed using a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- GPDMutsaC For the amplification of , a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 were used.
- the PCR reaction conditions other than the primers are the same as in (6-1) above.
- the DNA fragment after PCR reaction was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN) and then cloned using TOPO TA Cloning Kit (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- the resulting vector was named pGPDMutsaC.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 were used for amplification of the gpd promoter of Mycoacia uda.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 were used to generate Mycosia uda (M uda)
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 were used to amplify GPDMutsaD.
- a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a primer consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 were used.
- the PCR reaction conditions other than the primers are the same as in (6-1) above.
- the DNA fragment after PCR reaction was purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- cloning was performed using TOPO TA Cloning Kit (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- the resulting vector was named pGPDMutsaD.
- Example 7 A transformed strain of Mycoacia uda was prepared for the biosynthesis of terephthalic acid from biomass resources.
- SMY medium 200 mL of SMY medium is dispensed into a 1-L Erlenmeyer flask, a rotor is added, and after sterilization, the pre-cultured mycelium is filtered through a nylon mesh (30 ⁇ m pore size), and the entire amount is inoculated and cultured at 26°C. did.
- the mycelium was finely divided by stirring with a stirrer for about 2 hours a day. This culture was carried out for 7 days.
- the precipitate was suspended in 500 ⁇ L of a solution of 20 mM MES buffer (pH 6.4) containing 1 M sorbitol and 40 mM calcium chloride to form a protoplast suspension. This suspension was stored at 4°C. Protoplast concentration was determined by direct microscopy using a hemocytometer. All centrifugation was performed in a swing rotor at 1,000 g for 5 minutes at room temperature.
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMuBZDH), toluate methyl monooxygenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaMB), 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaC), and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaD ) Transformation of Mycoacia uda using (6-1) and (6-2) for 100 ⁇ L of the protoplast suspension of about 100/100 ⁇ L purified in (7-3) above Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pMuBZDH), toluate methyl monooxygenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaMB), 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaC), and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaD
- Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMuBZDH), toluate methyl monooxygenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaMB), 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaC) using the basidiomycete [Mycoacia uda]-derived GPD promoter , and a 4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression vector (pGPDMutsaD) were cultured in the presence of sugar-rich edible biomass to produce terephthalic acid.
- the transformant prepared in (7-4) above was cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium at 26°C and then stored at 4°C. Preculture and main culture were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Terephthalic acid contained in the culture medium in the main culture was quantified by HPLC analysis according to a known method [Luo, Z., Lee, S. Biotransformation of p-xylene into terephthalic acid by engineered Escherichia coli. 8, 15689 (2017).)].
- the yield of terephthalic acid was 5.0% of the sugars contained in blackstrap molasses.
- the obtained biomass resource-derived PET had good polymer properties, spinning stability, and dyeability.
- a transformant produced as a comparative example into which only the carboxin-resistant gene derived from Mycoasia uda was introduced did not produce terephthalic acid.
- Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza was cultured in the presence of the used edible biomass containing a large amount of sugars, p-tolualdehyde was produced, and then terephthalic acid and polyester were produced by chemical synthesis.
- Example 1 Instead of the microorganism (Mycoacia uda ATCC76971) used in Example 1, Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza FD-282 was used, and terephthalic acid and polyester were produced using blackstrap molasses as the raw material in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the yield of terephthalic acid was 4.8% of the sugars contained in the blackstrap molasses.
- the obtained biomass resource-derived PET had good polymer properties, spinning stability, and dyeability.
- the method of the present invention can produce terephthalic acid with a relatively high yield, can be produced at a mild temperature, and reduces energy consumption compared to conventional methods. be able to.
- the method of the present invention can produce terephthalic acid or produce terephthalic acid in a small number of steps, such as a step of converting a biomass resource or a compound derived from a biomass resource into p-tolualdehyde by a microorganism, compared to a conventional method.
- Terephthalic acid can be produced in one step by biotransforming terephthalic acid from the p-tolualdehyde produced therein. Since expensive furnaces, fractionators, etc.
- p-tolualdehyde and terephthalic acid are produced by culturing microorganisms, it is also possible to provide cultured and proliferated microorganisms.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕バイオマス資源、あるいはバイオマス資源由来の化合物を、微生物によりp-トルアルデヒドに変換する工程を含む、テレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔2〕前記バイオマス資源由来の化合物が、シキミ酸、1-p-トリルエタノール、p-メチルアセトフェノン、p-メチルベンジルアルコールの少なくとも1つである、上記〔1〕に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔3〕前記バイオマス資源が前処理工程若しくは糖化工程又はその両方の工程により処理されたバイオマス資源である、上記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔4〕前記バイオマス資源が、可食性バイオマス、可食性バイオマス由来の単糖類若しくは多糖類、非可食性バイオマス、非可食性バイオマス由来の単糖類若しくは多糖類のいずれか1つ以上である、上記〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔5〕前記可食性バイオマスが、トウモロコシ、サツマイモ、米、ジャガイモ、コムギ、オオムギ、タピオカ、サトウキビ、ビート、糖蜜、ハイテスト・モラセスから選択される少なくとも1種類のバイオマスを含む、上記〔4〕に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔6〕前記非可食性バイオマスが、草本系バイオマス、木質系バイオマス、紙、パルプ、古紙、バガス、コーンストーバーから選択される少なくとも1種類のバイオマスを含む、上記〔4〕に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔7〕アミラーゼ、セルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、リグニン分解酵素から選択される少なくとも1種類の酵素を培地に添加する工程を含む、上記〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔8〕前記p-トルアルデヒドを、微生物を利用して生物学的に酸化し、テレフタル酸を製造する、上記〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔9〕前記微生物が、p-トルアルデヒドの生成に使用した微生物と同じであり、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物である、上記〔8〕に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔10〕前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、上記〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
〔11〕上記〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法により製造されたテレフタル酸とジオール化合物を反応させてポリエステルを製造する工程を含む、ポリエステルの製造方法。
〔12〕ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物であって、バイオマス資源又はバイオマス資源由来の化合物からp-トルアルデヒドを生産できる、前記微生物(以下、「本件微生物」ということがある)。
〔13〕前記ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号19に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼが、配列番号20に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号22に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持する、
上記〔12〕に記載の微生物。
〔14〕前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、上記〔12〕又は〔13〕に記載の微生物。
〔15〕ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群を、微生物に遺伝子導入する工程を含む、前記遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物を作製する方法であって、前記微生物が、バイオマス資源又はバイオマス資源由来の化合物からp-トルアルデヒドを生産できる微生物である、前記方法(以下、「本件微生物の作製方法」ということがある)。
〔16〕前記ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号19に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼが、配列番号20に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号22に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持する、
上記〔15〕に記載の方法。
〔17〕前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、上記〔15〕又は〔16〕に記載の方法。
Mycoacia uda(ATCC76971)を、糖類を多く含む可食性バイオマスの存在下で培養し、p-トルアルデヒドを生成後、化学合成により、テレフタル酸及びポリエステルを製造した。
単離した微生物を最初から大容量の培地へ植菌すると、誘導期が長くなり微生物の増殖に時間がかかるため、最初は少量の培地へ植菌し、微生物を増殖させた後、段階的に培地容量を増やしていく。大容量の培地への植菌前に少量の培地へ植菌し、微生物を増殖させる作業が前培養である。
前培養後の培養液をミラクロス(メルク社製)でろ過を行い、得られた菌体を100mLの滅菌水とともにワ―リングブレンダーで破砕を行った。菌体の破砕液は、廃糖蜜5%と窒素源としてイーストニトロゲンベース(アミノ酸不含)を含む培地を用いて、3L容ジャーファメンター(エイブル社製)により26℃の温度で2週間培養を行った。
本培養後の培養液は、精油定量装置(第十六改正日本薬局方に準拠、柴田化学社製)によりp-トルアルデヒドの抽出を行った。p-トルアルデヒドの抽出方法は、定量器の目盛り管にキシレンに代えてトルエン2mLを使用した以外、第十六改正日本薬局方に準拠した。抽出したp-トルアルデヒドにはトルエンが含まれている。このため、トルエンを分離するべく、ロータリーエバポレーター(Buchi社製)を用いてトルエンの減圧留去(減圧蒸留)を行った。さらに、展開溶媒としてヘキサンと酢酸エチルを9:1で混合した混合液を用い、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによりp-トルアルデヒドの精製を行った。
テレフタル酸は、p-トルアルデヒドを酸化することにより製造される。このため、精製されたp-トルアルデヒドを酸化するが、その酸化方法として、特開昭51-86437号公報に記載の方法を採用した。具体的には、還流冷却器、撹拌装置、加熱装置を付属し、原料送入口、原料ガス導入口、ガス排出口、反応物排出口を有するチタン製耐圧反応器(容量2.5L)及び反応物排出口に直列に連結した2個の反応物受器を有する連続酸化反応装置でp-トルアルデヒドの連続酸化を行った。
ポリエステルの1つであるポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)は、テレフタル酸からテレフタル酸ジメチルを経由して製造される。
バイオマス資源由来エチレングリコール(インディアグリコール社製)に1wt%の金属ナトリウムを加えて1時間還流し、蒸留して精製を行った。100mLの丸底フラスコに、上記で得られたバイオマス資源由来テレフタル酸ジメチル15.5g、精製後のエチレングリコール11.8g、酢酸カルシウム0.025g、三酸化アンチモン0.01gを量り取り、この丸底フラスコにクライゼン管と空気冷却器を取り付けた。反応系内に窒素ガスを導入し、空気を除去した後、180℃に加熱し、内容物を融解させ、毛細管を差し込み、窒素ガスを反応系内に導入した。その後1時間、メタノールを留出させた。
デンプン系の可食性バイオマスを用いてテレフタル酸及びポリエステルを製造した。デンプン系の可食性バイオマスを用いる場合、糖化処理により多糖類を単糖類に加水分解することが望ましいことから、糖化処理を行った。
デンプン系の可食性バイオマスとしてコンスターチ(王子コンスターチ社製)を用いた。コンスターチを30wt%の濃度でイオン交換水に添加し、オートクレーブ(121℃、20分間)により滅菌を行った。その後、90℃まで冷却し、0.2wt%の耐熱性α-アミラーゼ(Termamyl 120、Novozymes社製)を添加し、3時間撹拌しながら反応させた。その後、60℃まで冷却し、冷却後、撹拌しながら0.35wt%のグルコアミラーゼ(Allcoholase II L400、Alltech社製)を添加し、2時間反応させることによりデンプンの糖化を行った。
非可食性バイオマスを用いてテレフタル酸及びポリエステルを製造した。非可食性バイオマスを用いる場合、前処理及び糖化処理により、リグニン含有量を低下させ、多糖類を単糖類に加水分解した。
バイオマス資源由来原料であるp-メチルアセトフェノンからテレフタル酸及びポリエステルを製造した。
担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase)遺伝子、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ(Toluate methylmonooxygenase)遺伝子、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ(4-carboxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase)遺伝子、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(4-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase)遺伝子を調製した。
シュードモナス・プチダ(Pseudomonas putida)由来のベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子の塩基配列、及びアミノ酸配列は公知である(アクセッション番号:AAN67564)。担子菌に効率的にベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(配列番号19に示すアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド)を発現させるために、担子菌におけるコドン使用頻度を基に、Pseudomonas putida由来のベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子の塩基配列をgeneious prime(Biomatters社製)を用いて最適化後、DNAの化学合成を行い、これをMuBZDHと名付けた。MuBZDHを、pUC18(タカラバイオ社製)にクローニングし、pMuBZDHと名付けた。
担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子、担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子、及び担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子の調製を、上記(5-1)の項目に記載の調製法と同様の方法を用いて行った。コマモナス・テストステロニ(Comamonas testosteroni)由来のトルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaC)、並びに4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaD)のヌクレオチド配列及びアミノ酸配列は公知である[文献(Junker F, Kiewitz R, Cook AM. Characterization of the p-toluenesulfonate operon tsaMBCD and tsaR in Comamonas testosteroni T-2. J Bacteriol. 179(3). 919-927.1997)]。担子菌に効率的にトルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ(配列番号20に示すアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ(配列番号21に示すアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド)、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(配列番号22に示すアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド)を発現させるために、担子菌におけるコドン使用頻度を基に、コマモナス・テストステロニ(Comamonas testosteroni)由来のトルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaC)、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(tsaD)のヌクレオチド配列をgeneious prime(Biomatters社製)を用いて最適化後、DNAの化学合成を行った。担子菌用に最適化したトルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼをコードするDNAはMutsaMB、担子菌用に最適化した4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼをコードするDNAはMutsaC、担子菌用に最適化した4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼをコードするDNAはMutsaDとそれぞれ名付けた。MutsaMB、MutsaC、及びMutsaDを、それぞれpUC18(タカラバイオ社製)にクローニングし、それぞれpMutsaMB、pMutsaC、及びpMutsaDと名付けた。
担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]由来グリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(gpd)のプロモーター及び3’末端領域を用いて、MuBZDH、MutsaMB、MutsaC、及びMutsaD発現ベクターを構築した。
マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)におけるMuBZDH発現ベクターの構築は、公知の方法であるダブルジョイントPCR法を用いて行った。具体的には、文献(Yu, J. H., Hamari, Z., Han, K. H., Seo, J. A., Reyes-Dominguez,Y., Scazzocchio, “C.Double-joint PCR: a PCR-based molecular tool for gene manipulations in filamentous fungi.” Fungal Genetics and Biology. 41(11). 973-981. (2004).)に記載された方法に則って構築した。
担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子(MutsaMB)、担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(MutsaC)、及び担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]用4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(MutsaD)のそれぞれの5’末端に担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]由来GPD遺伝子のプロモーターを連結するとともに、これら遺伝子のそれぞれの3’末端に担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]由来GPD遺伝子の3’末端領域を連結し、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaC)、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaD)をそれぞれ構築した。これらの遺伝子発現ベクターを構築するにあたっては、上記(6-1)のpGPDMuBZDHの作製方法において、pMuBZDHの代わりに、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子を含むベクター(pMutsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を含むベクター(pMutsaC)、4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を含むベクター(pMutsaD)をそれぞれテンプレートに用いてPCR反応を行った。
バイオマス資源からテレフタル酸を生合成するためのマイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)の形質転換株を作製した。
直径6mm前後のガラスビーズを約30個入れた500mL容三角フラスコに、SMY培地(シュークロース1%、麦芽エキス1%、酵母エキス0.4%)100mLを分注して滅菌後、マイコアシア・ウダ(M. uda ATCC76971)の平板寒天培地から直径5mmの寒天片をコルクボーラーで打ち抜き、SMY培地に植菌し、26℃で7日間静置培養した(前培養)。ただし、菌糸を細分化するために、1日に1~2回振り混ぜた。次に、1L容の三角フラスコにSMY培地200mLを分注し、さらに回転子を入れ、滅菌後、前培養菌糸をナイロンメッシュ(孔径30μm)で濾集後、全量を植菌し26℃で培養した。なお、スターラーで1日2時間程度撹拌することにより菌糸を細分化した。この培養を7日間行った。
上記液体培養菌糸をナイロンメッシュ(孔径30μm)で濾集し、浸透圧調節溶液(0.5M MgSO4、50mLマレイン酸バッファー(pH5.6))で洗浄した。次に、湿菌体100mgあたり1mLの細胞壁分解酵素液[セルラーゼ・オノズカ(cellulase ONOZUKA RS;ヤクルト社製)5mg、及びヤタラーゼ(Yatalase;宝酒造社製)10mgを上記浸透圧調節溶液1mgに溶解したもの]に懸濁し、緩やかに振盪しながら26℃で3時間インキュベートしてプロトプラストを遊離させた。
上記プロトプラストを含む酵素反応液からナイロンメッシュ(孔径30μm)で菌糸断片を除いた後、プロトプラストの回収率を高めるため、ナイロンメッシュ上に残存する菌糸断片とプロトプラストを上記浸透圧調節溶液で1回洗浄した。得られたプロトプラスト懸濁液を遠心分離(1,000g、5分間)し、上静を除去し、4mLの1Mシュークロースを含む20mM MOPS緩衝液(pH6.3)で再懸濁後、遠心操作を繰り返し、上記1Mシュークロース溶液で2回洗浄した。沈殿物に1Mソルビトールを含む20mM MES緩衝液(pH6.4)に40mM塩化カルシウムを加えた溶液500μLに懸濁し、プロトプラスト懸濁液とした。この懸濁液を4℃で保存した。プロトプラスト濃度は血球計算盤を用いて、直接検鏡により求めた。すべての遠心操作はスウィングローターで1,000g、5分間、室温で行った。
上記(7-3)で精製した約100個/100μLのプロトプラスト懸濁液100μLに対して、上記(6-1)及び(6-2)で構築したベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pMuBZDH)、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaC)、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaD)と、公知の方法で調製したマイコアシア・ウダ由来のカルボキシン耐性遺伝子とを、それぞれ2μg添加し、30分間氷冷した。次に、プロトプラストDNA混合液に対して等量のPEG溶液(50%PEG3400を含む20mM MOPS緩衝液(pH6.4))を加え、さらに30分間氷冷した。次に、0.5Mシュークロースを含む最小寒天培地(寒天1%)10mLに緩やかに混和して固化し、26℃で数日間培養を行った。培養3日後、カルボキシン2μg/mLを含む最小寒天培地10mLを重層し、さらに培養を継続した。重層後、生育した形質転換体を選抜した。
担子菌[マイコアシア・ウダ(Mycoacia uda)]由来GPDプロモーターを用いたベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMuBZDH)、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaMB)、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaC)、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクター(pGPDMutsaD)を遺伝子導入した形質転換体を、糖類を多く含む可食性バイオマスの存在下で培養し、テレフタル酸を生成した。
ヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)を、用いた糖類を多く含む可食性バイオマスの存在下で培養し、p-トルアルデヒドを生成後、化学合成により、テレフタル酸及びポリエステルを製造した。
11…培地
12…撹拌機
13…貯留槽
14~16…ポンプ
Claims (17)
- バイオマス資源、あるいはバイオマス資源由来の化合物を、微生物によりp-トルアルデヒドに変換する工程を含む、テレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記バイオマス資源由来の化合物が、シキミ酸、1-p-トリルエタノール、p-メチルアセトフェノン、p-メチルベンジルアルコールの少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記バイオマス資源が前処理工程若しくは糖化工程又はその両方の工程により処理されたバイオマス資源である、請求項1又は2に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記バイオマス資源が、可食性バイオマス、可食性バイオマス由来の単糖類若しくは多糖類、非可食性バイオマス、非可食性バイオマス由来の単糖類若しくは多糖類のいずれか1つ以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記可食性バイオマスが、トウモロコシ、サツマイモ、米、ジャガイモ、コムギ、オオムギ、タピオカ、サトウキビ、ビート、糖蜜、ハイテスト・モラセスから選択される少なくとも1種類のバイオマスを含む、請求項4に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記非可食性バイオマスが、草本系バイオマス、木質系バイオマス、紙、パルプ、古紙、バガス、コーンストーバーから選択される少なくとも1種類のバイオマスを含む、請求項4に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- アミラーゼ、セルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、リグニン分解酵素から選択される少なくとも1種類の酵素を培地に添加する工程を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記p-トルアルデヒドを、微生物を利用して生物学的に酸化し、テレフタル酸を製造する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記微生物が、p-トルアルデヒドの生成に使用した微生物と同じであり、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物である、請求項8に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のテレフタル酸の製造方法により製造されたテレフタル酸とジオール化合物を反応させてポリエステルを製造する工程を含む、ポリエステルの製造方法。
- ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物であって、バイオマス資源又はバイオマス資源由来の化合物からp-トルアルデヒドを生産できる、前記微生物。
- 前記ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号19に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼが、配列番号20に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号22に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持する、
請求項12に記載の微生物。 - 前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、請求項12又は13に記載の微生物。
- ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、及び4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼの4種類の酵素をコードする遺伝子群を、微生物に遺伝子導入する工程を含む、前記遺伝子群が遺伝子導入された微生物を作製する方法であって、前記微生物が、バイオマス資源又はバイオマス資源由来の化合物からp-トルアルデヒドを生産できる微生物である、前記方法。
- 前記ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号19に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、ベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼが、配列番号20に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、トルエートメチルモノオキシゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンジルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持し、
前記4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼが、配列番号22に示されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、4-カルボキシベンズアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を保持する、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記微生物が、フレビア ウダ(Phlebia uda)又はヒイロハリタケ(Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza)である、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
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