WO2022172675A1 - ユーザ装置の角度情報に基づくHAPS向けMassive MIMO - Google Patents
ユーザ装置の角度情報に基づくHAPS向けMassive MIMO Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Definitions
- the present invention provides multiple-input multiple-output MU (multi-user)-MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) between a plurality of terminal devices located in a cell of a service area formed by an airborne communication relay device such as HAPS in the sky. ) on technology.
- HAPS high altitude platform stations
- UE terminal devices
- mMIMO massive MIMO
- a transmission scheme in which beamforming is performed for each of a plurality of UEs at the same time is also called "MU (Multi User)-MIMO".
- MU-MIMO Multiple User
- By performing MU-MIMO transmission using a multi-element array antenna it is possible to direct appropriate beams for each UE according to the communication environment of each UE for communication, thereby improving the communication quality of the entire cell. Also, since communication with a plurality of UEs can be performed using the same radio resource (time/frequency resource), system capacity can be expanded.
- the stay-in-air communication relay device performs MU-MIMO communication with a plurality of UEs using a multi-element array antenna
- the CSI of each UE should be acquired periodically.
- communication quality greatly changes depending on which UE is assigned to a certain radio resource (time/frequency resource). For example, when the same frequency resource is assigned to multiple UEs that are spatially close to each other, the beams of the UEs interfere with each other, resulting in significant degradation of communication quality. In order to prevent this deterioration in communication quality, it is necessary to appropriately select UEs to be allocated to the same radio resource (time/frequency resource). There is a need.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in a HAP (High Altitude Platform) system that performs MU-MIMO transmission using a multi-element array antenna, CD It is proposed to repeatedly evaluate (Chordal Distance) and perform UE selection (Grouping) and beamforming based on the CD evaluation results.
- CD High Altitude Platform
- a communication relay device forms a cell on the ground or on the sea, and performs MU-MIMO wireless communication with a plurality of terminal devices residing in the cell. It is a relay device.
- This communication relay device comprises: an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements forming a cell for performing wireless communication on a service link with the plurality of terminal devices; and from each of the plurality of terminal devices via the array antenna, an uplink receiving unit for receiving an uplink signal capable of identifying the terminal device; and an angle for estimating angle information indicating a direction of the terminal device relative to the position of the array antenna for each of the plurality of terminal devices.
- an estimation processing unit a selection processing unit that selects a terminal device to be allocated to each of a plurality of radio resources used for a downlink of the service link based on the estimation result of the angle information of the plurality of terminal devices; for each of the terminal devices, a weight calculation unit that calculates a downlink beamforming weight for the terminal device by the array antenna based on the estimation result of the angle information; and for each of the plurality of terminal devices, a downlink transmission unit that transmits a downlink signal to the terminal device via the array antenna based on the beamforming weight corresponding to the terminal device and the radio resource allocated to the terminal device.
- a communication system includes the communication relay device, and a terminal device that performs MU-MIMO wireless communication with the communication relay device.
- a method forms a cell on the ground or on the sea using an airborne communication relay device, and performs MU-MIMO wireless communication with a plurality of terminal devices located in the cell. It is a way of communicating.
- the terminal device can be identified from each of the plurality of terminal devices via an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements forming a cell for radio communication of service links with the plurality of terminal devices.
- a program forms a cell on the ground or on the sea, and carries out MU-MIMO wireless communication with a plurality of terminal devices residing in the cell. It is a program executed by a computer or processor provided in the relay device. This program is capable of identifying the terminal device from each of the plurality of terminal devices via an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements forming a cell for radio communication of service links with the plurality of terminal devices.
- program code for receiving an uplink signal program code for estimating, for each of the plurality of terminal devices, angle information indicating the direction of the terminal device relative to the position of the array antenna; a program code for selecting a terminal device to be assigned to each of a plurality of radio resources used for the downlink of the service link based on the estimation result of the angle information of the terminal device; , a program code for calculating downlink beamforming weights for the terminal device by the array antenna based on the estimation result of the angle information; and program code for transmitting a downlink signal to the terminal device via the array antenna based on the beamforming weights and radio resources allocated to the terminal device.
- the terminal devices may be selected so that the spatial correlation between the plurality of terminal devices is low.
- the terminal devices may be selected so that the same radio resource is allocated to a plurality of terminal devices separated by the angle.
- the angle information may be the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the direction of the terminal device with respect to the position of the array antenna.
- a plurality of terminal devices located in the cell are rearranged with respect to the elevation angle and divided into a plurality of elevation angle groups, and for each of the plurality of elevation angle groups, a plurality of terminal devices belonging to the elevation angle group are rearranged with respect to the azimuth angle, and the same radio resource is allocated to a plurality of terminal devices separated from each other on a virtual plane in which the elevation angle and the azimuth angle are coordinate axes that intersect with each other.
- the selection of the terminal device may be performed as follows.
- the beamforming weights may be calculated according to the angle information for each of the plurality of terminal devices.
- each of the communication relay device the system, the method, and the program, for each of the plurality of terminal devices, channel state information or equivalent between the terminal device and the communication relay device based on the angle information
- the information may be estimated, and the beamforming weights may be calculated based on the estimation result.
- a mode consisting of a Hadamard product of amplitude response vectors of the plurality of antenna elements of the array antenna and phase difference vectors between the antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements.
- a vector may be substituted as the channel state information.
- MU-MIMO communication (or transmission) is performed using a multi-element array antenna between a communication relay device that stays in the air and a plurality of terminal devices in a cell
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a communication system including HAPS according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of HAPS of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing another example of HAPS of the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of an array antenna for a HAPS service link according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another example of the HAPS service link array antenna of the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of beamforming in MU-MIMO using an HAPS array antenna.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of UE selection and BF weight calculation in MU-MIMO according to the reference example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a communication system including HAPS according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of HAPS of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing another example of HAPS of the
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of transmission of reference signals from UEs in a cell in MU-MIMO according to the reference example.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between a fixed base station and UEs within a service area in a communication system via fixed base stations on the ground according to the reference example.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the HAPS and the UEs within the service area in the HAPS-mediated communication system according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of UE selection and BF weight calculation in HAPS MU-MIMO according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example of angle estimation in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing definitions of azimuth and elevation with respect to the direction of the UE in a coordinate system based on the position of the HAPS.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing an example of UE selection based on angle information in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of UE selection in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of allocation of resource blocks on the frequency axis to each UE selected in FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of sorting and grouping of UEs with respect to elevation angle in the UE selection process of FIG. 14.
- FIG. FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of sorting and selecting UEs for azimuth angles after grouping in FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing an example of BF weight calculation based on angle information in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a first BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a second BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of mode vectors in calculation of BF weights in the case of the second BF method of FIG.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the coordinates of a virtual horizontal plane, the arrangement of antenna elements, and the azimuth angles of UEs in CSI estimation (reconstruction) in the case of a cylindrical array antenna.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a first BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a second BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the coordinates of a virtual vertical plane, the arrangement of antenna elements, and the elevation angles of UEs in CSI estimation (reconstruction) in the case of a cylindrical array antenna.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of the main configuration of the HAPS relay communication station of the embodiment.
- 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the main configuration of a base station processing unit in the relay communication station of FIG. 25.
- the system according to the embodiments described in this document forms a cell on the ground or on the sea, and uses a multi-element array antenna between a plurality of terminal devices (UE) located in the cell and MU- Equipped with an overflight communication relay device (HAPS) that performs MIMO communication, even when the number of UEs in the cell increases, while suppressing the increase in overhead in the UE and HAPS, the improvement of the communication quality and system capacity of the entire cell is a communication system (HAPS system) capable of expanding the
- HAPS system a communication system capable of expanding the
- the communication system according to the present embodiment is suitable for realizing a three-dimensional network for next-generation mobile communications such as the fifth generation, which supports simultaneous connection to a large number of terminal devices and low delay.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a communication system including a HAPS (aerial communication relay device) according to the embodiment.
- the communication system of the present embodiment (hereinafter also referred to as "HAPS system”) includes a high altitude platform station (HAPS) as a communication relay device (radio relay device) that stays in the sky, (“high altitude pseudo satellite ”, also referred to as “stratospheric platform”) 10 .
- HAPS 10 is located in an airspace at a predetermined altitude and forms a three-dimensional cell 100C.
- HAPS 10 is a floating body (for example, solar plane, airship, drone, balloon) that is controlled to float or fly in an airspace (floating airspace) at a predetermined altitude from the ground or sea surface by autonomous control or external control. is equipped with a relay communication station.
- the airborne communication relay device may be one in which a relay communication station is mounted on an artificial satellite.
- the communication system of this embodiment may include one or more terminal devices with which the HAPS 10 communicates, and may include a gateway station (feeder station) described later.
- the airspace in which HAPS 10 is located is, for example, a stratospheric airspace with an altitude of 11 [km] or more and 50 [km] or less above the ground (or above water such as the sea or lake).
- This airspace may be an airspace at an altitude of 15 [km] or more and 25 [km] or less in which weather conditions are relatively stable, and may be an airspace at an altitude of approximately 20 [km].
- HAPS is lower than the flight altitude of general artificial satellites and flies higher than base stations on the ground or on the sea, so it is possible to secure a high visibility rate even though the propagation loss is smaller than satellite communication. From this feature, it is also possible to provide communication services from HAPS to a terminal device (mobile station) 61, which is a user device such as a cellular mobile terminal on the ground or on the sea. By providing communication services from HAPS, it is possible to cover a wide area with a small number of HAPS at once, which was previously covered by a large number of base stations on the ground or on the sea. be.
- the relay communication station of HAPS 10 can wirelessly communicate with UE 61 by forming a beam toward the ground (or sea surface) for wirelessly communicating with a user's terminal device (hereinafter referred to as "UE" (user device)). form a three-dimensional cell 100C.
- the radius of the service area 10A consisting of the footprint 100F on the ground (or sea) of the three-dimensional cell 100C is, for example, several tens [km] to 100 [km].
- the relay communication station of HAPS 10 forms a plurality of three-dimensional cells (for example, three cells or seven cells), and from a plurality of footprints on the ground (or sea) of the plurality of three-dimensional cells A different service area 10A may be formed.
- the relay communication station of the HAPS 10 is, for example, a gateway station (also referred to as a "feeder station") 70 as a relay station connected to the core network of the mobile communication network 80 on the land (or sea) side and having an antenna 71 facing the sky.
- a base station eg, eNodeB, gNodeB
- the relay communication stations of HAPS 10 are connected to the core network of mobile communication network 80 via feeder stations 70 installed on land or at sea. Communication between the HAPS 10 and the feeder station 70 may be performed by wireless communication using radio waves such as microwaves, or may be performed by optical communication using laser light or the like.
- the HAPS 10 may autonomously control its own levitation movement (flight) and processing at the relay communication station by executing a control program by a control unit composed of a computer or the like incorporated therein.
- each HAPS 10 acquires its own current position information (eg, GPS position information), pre-stored position control information (eg, flight schedule information), position information of other HAPS located in the vicinity, etc., and such information Based on this, floating movement (flight) and processing at the relay communication station may be autonomously controlled.
- floating movement (flight) of the HAPS 10 and processing at the relay communication station can be controlled by a management device (also referred to as a "remote control device") as a management device provided in a communication center of the mobile communication network 80 or the like.
- the management device can be composed of, for example, a computer device such as a PC, a server, or the like.
- the HAPS 10 incorporates a control communication terminal device (for example, a mobile communication module) so that it can receive control information from the management device and transmit various information such as monitoring information to the management device.
- Terminal identification information for example, IP address, telephone number, etc.
- the MAC address of the communication interface may be used to identify the control communication terminal device.
- the HAPS 10 sends monitoring information such as information on floating movement (flight) of itself or surrounding HAPS, processing at the relay communication station, information on the state of the HAPS 10, observation data obtained by various sensors, etc. to a management device or the like. You may make it transmit to a predetermined transmission destination.
- the control information may include HAPS target flight route information.
- the monitoring information includes at least one of current position of HAPS 10, flight route history information, airspeed, ground speed and direction of propulsion, wind speed and direction of airflow around HAPS 10, and air pressure and temperature around HAPS 10. It's okay.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of HAPS 10 used in the communication system of the embodiment.
- the HAPS 10 in FIG. 2 is a solar plane type HAPS, and includes a main wing portion 101 having both longitudinal end portions curved upward, and a plurality of propulsion devices as a bus power system propulsion device at one end portion of the main wing portion 101 in the short side direction. and a motor-driven propeller 103 .
- a photovoltaic power generation panel (hereinafter referred to as “solar panel”) 102 is provided on the upper surface of the main wing portion 101 as a photovoltaic power generation portion having a photovoltaic power generation function.
- pods 105 serving as a plurality of equipment housing sections for housing mission equipment are connected via plate-shaped connecting sections 104 to two locations in the longitudinal direction of the lower surface of the main wing section 101 .
- a relay communication station 110 as a mission device and a battery 106 are accommodated inside each pod 105. Wheels 107 are provided on the underside of each pod 105 for use during takeoff and landing.
- the power generated by the solar panel 102 is stored in the battery 106, the power supplied from the battery 106 rotates the motor of the propeller 103, and the relay communication station 110 performs wireless relay processing.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of HAPS 10 used in the communication system of the embodiment.
- the HAPS 10 shown in FIG. 3 is an unmanned airship type HAPS, and since it has a large payload, it can be equipped with a large-capacity battery.
- the HAPS 10 comprises an airship body 201 filled with a gas such as helium gas for floating by buoyancy, a motor-driven propeller 202 as a propulsion device for a bus power system, and an equipment housing section 203 for housing mission equipment.
- the relay communication station 110 and the battery 204 are accommodated inside the device accommodation unit 203 .
- the electric power supplied from the battery 204 drives the motor of the propeller 202 to rotate, and the relay communication station 110 performs wireless relay processing.
- a solar panel having a photovoltaic power generation function may be provided on the upper surface of the airship body 201 , and the power generated by the solar panel may be stored in the battery 204 .
- the airborne communication relay device that wirelessly communicates with the UE 61 is either the solar plane type HAPS 10 or the unmanned airship type HAPS 20 shown in FIG.
- the unmanned airship type HAPS 10 shown in FIG. 3 may be used as the airborne communication relay device.
- the following embodiments can be similarly applied to other airborne communication relay devices other than the HAPS 10 .
- Links FL(F) and FL(R) between HAPS 10 and a gateway station (hereinafter abbreviated as "GW station") 70 as a feeder station are called “feeder links”, and links between HAPS 10 and UE 61 are referred to as “feeder links”. is called “Service Link”.
- a section between the HAPS 10 and the GW station 70 is called a “feeder link radio section”.
- the downlink of communication from GW station 70 to UE61 via HAPS10 is called “forward link” FL(F)
- the uplink of communication from UE61 to GW station 70 via HAPS10 is called "reverse link”.
- FL(R) also called FL(R).
- the uplink and downlink duplexing schemes for radio communication with the UE 61 via the relay communication station 110 are not limited to a specific scheme, and may be, for example, a Time Division Duplex (TDD) scheme, A frequency division duplex (FDD) system may also be used.
- the access method for wireless communication with the UE 61 via the relay communication station 110 is not limited to a specific method, for example, FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) method, TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) method, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) or OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).
- an array antenna having functions such as diversity coding, transmission beamforming, spatial division multiplexing (SDM: Spatial Division Multiplexing) and having a large number of antenna elements is used.
- a massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) transmission system is used for multi-layer transmission.
- the relay communication station 110 as a base station (e.g., eNodeB, gNodeB) to multiple UEs 61 in a cell, signals are transmitted to multiple different UEs 61 at the same time and on the same frequency.
- MU-MIMO Multi-User MIMO
- an appropriate beam can be directed to each UE61 according to the communication environment of each UE61 for communication, so the communication quality of the entire cell can be improved. Moreover, since communication with a plurality of UEs 61 can be performed using the same radio resource (time/frequency resource), the system capacity can be expanded.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are perspective views showing an example of an array antenna 130 composed of multiple elements that can be used for the MU-MIMO transmission system in the HAPS 10 of this embodiment.
- the array antenna 130 of FIG. 4 has a flat antenna substrate, and along the flat antenna surface of the antenna substrate, a large number of antenna elements 130a such as patch antennas are arranged two-dimensionally in axial directions perpendicular to each other. It is a planar array antenna with
- the array antenna 130 of FIG. 5 has a cylindrical or columnar antenna base, and a large number of patch antennas or the like are arranged along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the circumferential side surface as the first antenna surface of the antenna base. It is a cylindrical array antenna in which antenna elements 130a are arranged. In the array antenna 130 of FIG. 5, as illustrated, antenna elements 130a such as a plurality of patch antennas may be arranged in a circular shape along the bottom surface as the second antenna surface. Further, the antenna base in FIG. 5 may be a polygonal tubular or polygonal cylindrical antenna base.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of beamforming in the MU-MIMO transmission system using the array antenna 130 of HAPS10.
- the communication quality can be improved by performing beamforming in which an appropriate beam 100B is individually directed to communicate.
- the system capacity is improved. be able to.
- CSI channel state information
- the communication quality changes greatly. For example, in FIG. 6, if the same frequency resource is assigned to UEs 61 that are close to each other, multiple beams 100B directed from the HAPS 10 to each UE 61 may interfere with each other, resulting in significant deterioration in communication quality.
- RB radio resource
- the following CSI-based MU-MIMO system using CSI estimated by receiving a reference signal (SRS: Sounding Reference Signal) from each UE as shown in the reference example is common.
- SRS Sounding Reference Signal
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of UE selection and BF weight calculation in MU-MIMO according to the reference example.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of transmission of reference signals from UEs in a cell in MU-MIMO according to the reference example.
- HAPS requests SRS from all UEs in the cell, receives SRS from all UEs as shown in FIG. 8 (S901), and estimates the CSI of each UE based on the SRS reception results.
- S902 HAPS selects UEs to be allocated to the same radio resource (RB) from all UEs in the cell for each of a plurality of radio resources (RB) used for downlink communication based on the CSI estimation result of each UE.
- RB radio resource
- This UE selection assigns multiple UEs with low spatial correlation to the same radio resource (RB). Further, based on the CSI estimation results of each UE, HAPS calculates BF weights to apply to the signals of each antenna element of the array antenna to form individual beams for each UE (S904). The HAPS performs downlink MU-MIMO communication for each UE based on the UE selection result for each radio resource (RB) and the BF weight calculation result for each UE (S905).
- CSI-based MU-MIMO system in UE selection and BF weight calculation, CSI of all UEs is required, and reference signals (SRS) are periodically received from all UEs in the cell and each UE's CSI needs to be acquired.
- SRS reference signals
- HAPS it is assumed that the number of connected UEs in the cell reaches tens of thousands, and each UE frequently transmits reference signals (SRS) to HAPS, which increases overhead.
- the amount of computation in the UE selection process increases rapidly as the number of UEs residing in the HAPS cell increases. For example, if UE selection is performed by repeatedly evaluating channel orthogonality (CD) between UEs proposed in Non-Patent Document 1 described above based on CSI obtained from UEs with CSI orthogonality, the number of UEs is 5. ,000, the number of CSI orthogonality evaluations is 12 million or more, and when the number of UEs is 20,000, the number of CSI orthogonality evaluations is 200 million or more.
- CD channel orthogonality
- the amount of calculation, the size of the calculation circuit, and the power consumption during the UE selection process increase, and in the MU-MIMO system in the HAPS cell, the use of the UE selection method based on the degree of orthogonality of CSI is not realistic.
- a HAPS system (a cellular radio communication system forming a cell with an HAPS in the sky) compared with a terrestrial system (a cellular radio communication system forming a cell with fixed base stations on the ground). Focusing on the characteristics, UE selection and BF weight calculation are performed based on angle information indicating the direction of the UE in the cell without calculating the orthogonality of CSI acquired based on the reference signal (SRS). .
- SRS reference signal
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between a fixed base station 90 and a UE 61 within a service area (cell) 90A in a communication system (terrestrial system) via fixed base stations on the ground according to the reference example.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the HAPS 10 and the UE 61 within the service area (cell footprint) 10A in the communication system (HAPS system) via the HAPS 10 according to this embodiment.
- the angle ⁇ UE between the UEs viewed from the antenna of the fixed base station 90 is small, and the scattering area 61A due to multipath is large with respect to the radio wave propagation distance between the fixed base station 90 and the fixed base station 90.
- the angle of view ⁇ p of the scattering area 61A seen from the antenna of 90 is large. Therefore, in the ground system, radio waves transmitted from one UE 61 tend to arrive from unspecified directions, and it is difficult to combine multiple UEs with a large angle ⁇ UE between them in the UE selection process.
- UE selection and BF weight calculation are performed based on angle information indicating the direction of UE61.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of selection of UE 61 and calculation of BF weights in MU-MIMO of HAPS 10 according to this embodiment.
- relay communication station 110 of HAPS 10 first refers to array antenna 130 of HAPS 10 for all UEs 61 within service area 10A based on any uplink signal that can uniquely identify the UE received from UE 61.
- An angle (azimuth angle, elevation angle) indicating the direction of the UE 61 is estimated (S100). Since the angle (azimuth, elevation) of the UE 61 can be estimated from any uplink signal, there is no overhead associated with transmission and reception of reference signals (SRS), unlike the reference example described above.
- SRS reference signals
- a method of estimating the angle (azimuth, elevation) of the UE 61 for example, a method of obtaining the azimuth and elevation of each UE 61 by applying an angle estimation algorithm based on the uplink signal from the UE 61 can be used. can.
- the method of estimating the angle (azimuth, elevation) of the UE 61 is to notify the position information of the UE 61 itself (for example, GPS position information) directly to the HAPS 10 side, and from the position information, the azimuth and elevation of each UE 61 It may be a method of calculating
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 performs UE selection so that the spatial correlation between the UEs is low based on the angles (azimuth, elevation) of each UE 61 estimated for all the UEs 61 in the service area 10A. (S110).
- the amount of computation can be significantly reduced compared to UE selection based on CSI in the above-described reference example.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 forms a beam for each UE 61 based on the angles (azimuth, elevation) of each UE 61 estimated for all the UE 61 in the service area 10A.
- BF weights to be applied to each antenna element are calculated (S120).
- the first BF method is a method of calculating BF weights so as to perform beam forming control (beam steering) according to estimated values of angles (azimuth, elevation) of each UE 61 . Since the first BF method does not perform CSI restoration processing, the amount of calculation is smaller than that of the second BF method.
- the second BF method is a method of calculating BF weights so as to perform beamforming control (beam steering) by estimating (restoring) CSI based on the estimated values of the angles (azimuth, elevation) of each UE 61. .
- a general beamforming algorithm based on CSI can be used.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 in the service link communicating with the UE 61 in the service area 10A, based on the UE selection result and the calculation result of the BF weight, downlink MU between each UE 61 - MIMO communication can be performed (S130).
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of angle estimation in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing definitions of the azimuth angle ⁇ and elevation angle ⁇ with respect to the direction of the UE 61 in the coordinate system based on the position of the HAPS 10 .
- the angle estimation processing for one certain UE 61 is shown.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 receives an arbitrary uplink signal containing information that can uniquely identify the UE 61 at the array antenna 130 (S101). Since any uplink signal transmitted from UE61 can be used, there is no need to separately request UE61 to receive a reference signal (SRS) as used in the above-described reference example. Note that step S101 may be omitted if there is an uplink signal received immediately before the angle estimation process.
- SRS reference signal
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 uses an arbitrary direction-of-arrival estimation program to calculate the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ indicating the direction of the UE 61 relative to the position of the array antenna 130 of the HAPS 10 (see FIG. 13). is estimated (S102).
- the distance between the HAPS 10 in the sky and the UE 61 on the ground (or on the sea) is sufficiently far, the influence of reflected waves and the like is small, and even the basic algorithm of any radio wave direction-of-arrival estimation program has sufficient accuracy. It is possible to estimate the angles (azimuth ⁇ , elevation ⁇ ).
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 uses the estimated values of the newly estimated angles (azimuth ⁇ , elevation ⁇ ) of the UE 61, and the angles (azimuth ⁇ , The data of the elevation angle ⁇ ) is updated (S103).
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of selection of the UE 61 based on the angle information (azimuth, elevation) in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of selection of the UE 61 in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of allocation of resource blocks on the frequency axis to each UE selected in FIG. Note that FIG. 14 shows UE selection processing in a certain downlink MU-MIMO communication for simplification of explanation.
- UE61(1), 61(2) and UE61(3), 61(4) are located apart from each other at the edge of the service area 10A, and UE61(1) and An example in which the distance to UE61(2) is short and the distances to UE61(3) and UE61(4) are short is shown.
- the UE selection process in FIG. 14 is performed based on the following criteria.
- a plurality of UEs 61 with low spatial correlation with each other are placed on the same radio resource (for example, the same RB (resource block)).
- the same radio resource for example, the same RB (resource block)
- the scattering area 61A is narrow with respect to the propagation distance (the spreading angle ⁇ p of the scattering area 61A as seen from the HAPS 10 is small).
- the plurality of UEs 61 having a low spatial correlation with each other are the plurality of UEs 61 that are spatially separated as illustrated in FIG. ) are a plurality of UEs 61 separated from each other. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 16, a plurality of UEs 61 with different angular information (azimuth ⁇ , elevation ⁇ ) may be assigned to the same radio resource (same RB).
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 acquires angle information (azimuth ⁇ , elevation angle ⁇ ) of all UEs 61 performing downlink communication within the service area 10A (S111).
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 sorts all the UEs 61 by elevation angle ⁇ and divides them into Nu groups, as illustrated in FIG. 17 (S112 in FIG. 14).
- Nu is the number of UEs 61 allocated to the same radio resource (same RB) when performing MU-MIMO transmission.
- the value of Nu may vary according to the distribution of UEs 61 within the service area 10A.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 sorts the UEs 61 in each group with respect to the azimuth angle ⁇ , and sorts the UEs 61 separated from each other on the elevation-azimuth virtual plane by the same radio resource ( the same RB) (S113 in FIG. 14).
- Nu is 6, and within each group the 6 UEs are sorted by azimuth ⁇ and applied to the g-th group given an azimuth ⁇ offset ⁇ g, after applying the offset ⁇ g 6 UEs 61 belonging to the same azimuth angle group on the elevation-azimuth virtual plane are assigned to the same radio resource (same RB).
- the value of the offset ⁇ g may be changed for each elevation angle group according to the distribution of the UEs 61 within the service area 10A.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 sends the selection result of the UE 61 allocated to each radio resource (the same RB) to the RB allocation processing section described later (S114 in Fig. 14).
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of BF weight calculation based on the angle information (azimuth, elevation) in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a first BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a second BF method used for calculating BF weights in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of mode vectors in calculation of BF weights in the case of the second BF method of FIG.
- FIG. 19 shows BF weight calculation processing for one radio resource (1 RB).
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 acquires angle information (azimuth angle ⁇ , elevation angle ⁇ ) of all UEs 61 assigned to the target RB (S121).
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 determines the type of beamforming method (BF method) used for downlink communication (S122 in FIG. 19), and in the case of the first BF method (BF method 1), Based on the obtained angle information (azimuth angle ⁇ , elevation angle ⁇ ), the beam steering weight (BF weight) illustrated in FIG. 20 is calculated (S123 in FIG. 19).
- the amount of computation for calculating the BF weight is smaller than in the case of the following second BF method (BF method 2).
- the first BF scheme (BF scheme 1) is a simple calculation scheme that does not consider interference between UEs (interference between beams), etc., but the plurality of UEs 61 allocated to the RB is the above-mentioned Because of the low spatial correlation with each other, interference between UEs (inter-beam interference) is less likely to occur.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 determines the CSI of each UE 61 (between the HAPS 10 and the UE 61 channel state information) is estimated (restored) (S124 in FIG. 19), and based on the estimated (restored) CSI of each UE 61, the beam steering weight (BF weight) illustrated in FIG. S125).
- the BF weight is calculated based on the CSI estimation result (restoration result)
- any general BF based on CSI can be used to calculate the BF weight.
- Algorithms can be used, and the accuracy of beamforming is higher than in the case of the first BF method (BF method 1) described above, enabling more advanced beamforming control.
- BF method 1 first BF method
- the directivity of the mutually adjacent portions 101B of the beams 100B directed to each UE as illustrated in FIG. become.
- the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 sends the calculation result of the BF weights used for downlink MU-MIMO communication with each UE 61 to the BF multiplier described later (S126 in FIG. 19).
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of mode vectors used for CSI estimation (reconstruction) in BF weight calculation in the case of the second BF method (BF method 2) in FIG.
- the scattering area 61A of the UE 61 due to multipath is narrower than the propagation distance D of radio waves, and the expected angle ⁇ p of the scattering area 61A viewed from the array antenna of the HAPS 10 is small. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, the radio wave from the UE 61 to the HAPS 10 can be regarded as a set of direct waves including the reflected waves without distinguishing between the direct waves and the multipath reflected waves. Therefore, the mode vector a( ⁇ , ⁇ ) for the array antenna of the HAPS 10 in the figure can be substituted for the CSI.
- a vector a( ⁇ , ⁇ ) can be calculated by the following equation (3).
- the mode vector a( ⁇ , ⁇ ) that can be substituted for the CSI can be calculated as follows.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the coordinates of the virtual horizontal plane, the arrangement of the antenna elements 130a, and the azimuth angle ⁇ of the UE 61 in CSI estimation (reconstruction) in the case of a cylindrical array antenna.
- a phase difference response vector d H ( ⁇ ) in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle direction) along the virtual horizontal plane in FIG. 23 is expressed by the following equations (4) and (5).
- N is the number of antenna elements (number of horizontal elements) in the virtual horizontal plane
- r is the radius of the cylindrical antenna base (the radius of the circle in which the antenna elements are arranged).
- Equation (5) is the phase difference response function of the nth antenna element in the virtual horizontal plane.
- j is the imaginary unit
- ⁇ is the circular constant
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the carrier wave.
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the coordinates of the virtual vertical plane, the placement of the antenna element 130a, and the elevation angle ⁇ of the UE 61 in CSI estimation (reconstruction) in the case of a cylindrical array antenna.
- a phase difference response vector d V ( ⁇ ) in the vertical direction (elevation angle direction) along the virtual vertical plane in FIG. 24 is expressed by the following equations (6) and (7).
- M is the number of antenna elements (the number of vertical elements) on the virtual vertical plane
- d is the interval between the antenna elements (element interval).
- Equation (7) is the phase difference response function of the m-th antenna element in the virtual vertical plane.
- j is the imaginary unit
- ⁇ is the circular constant
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the carrier wave.
- phase difference response vector d H ( ⁇ ) of formula (4) in the virtual horizontal plane and the phase difference response vector d V ( ⁇ ) of formula (6) in the virtual vertical plane a cylinder array antenna is A phase difference response vector d( ⁇ , ⁇ ) for all the constituent antenna elements is represented by the following equation (8).
- the above A mode vector a( ⁇ , ⁇ ), which can be substituted for CSI can be calculated.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of the main configuration of the relay communication station 110 of the HAPS 10 of the embodiment.
- the relay communication station 110 in FIG. 25 is an example of a base station type relay communication station.
- the relay communication station 110 includes a service link antenna section 111, a transmission/reception section 112, a feeder link antenna section 113, a transmission/reception section 114, a monitor control section 116, a power supply section 117, a modem section 118, and a base station. and a processing unit 119 .
- the service link antenna unit 111 has an array antenna that forms a radial beam toward the ground (or sea), and forms a three-dimensional cell 100C that can communicate with the UE61.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 112 constitutes a first wireless communication unit together with the service link antenna unit 111, has a duplexer (DUP: DUPplexer), an amplifier, etc. A radio signal is transmitted to the UE 61 located in the area and a radio signal is received from the UE 61 .
- DUP DUPplexer
- the service link antenna unit 111 and the transmitting/receiving unit 112 also function as an uplink (UL) receiving unit that receives an uplink signal capable of identifying the UE61 from each of the plurality of UE61 via the array antenna 130.
- UL uplink
- the feeder link antenna unit 113 has a directional antenna for wireless communication with the ground (or sea) feeder station 70 .
- the transmitting/receiving unit 114 constitutes a second wireless communication unit together with the feeder link antenna unit 113, has a duplexer (DUP: DUPlexer), an amplifier, etc., and transmits signals to the feeder station 70 via the feeder link antenna unit 113. It transmits radio signals and receives radio signals from the feeder station 70 .
- DUP DUPlexer
- the monitoring control unit 116 is composed of, for example, a CPU and a memory, and monitors the operation processing status of each unit in the HAPS 10 and controls each unit by executing a preinstalled program. In particular, the monitoring control unit 116 executes the control program to control the motor driving unit 141 that drives the propellers 103 and 202 to move the HAPS 10 to the target position and to keep it near the target position. do.
- the power supply unit 117 supplies power output from the batteries 106 and 204 to each unit within the HAPS 10 .
- the power supply unit 117 may have a function of storing electric power generated by a photovoltaic panel or the like or electric power supplied from the outside in the batteries 106 and 204 .
- the modem unit 118 executes demodulation processing and decoding processing on the received signal received from the feeder station 70 via the feeder link antenna unit 113 and the transmission/reception unit 114, and outputs data to the base station processing unit 119 side. Generate a signal. Also, the modem unit 118 performs encoding processing and modulation processing on the data signal received from the base station processing unit 119 side, and transmits the data signal to the feeder station 70 via the feeder link antenna unit 113 and the transmission/reception unit 114 . Generate a transmit signal.
- the base station processing unit 119 has, for example, a function (for example, e-NodeB, g- functions such as NodeB).
- the base station processing unit 119 executes demodulation processing and decoding processing on the received signal received from the UE 61 located in the three-dimensional cell 100C via the service link antenna unit 111 and the transmission/reception unit 112, A data signal to be output to the 118 side is generated. Also, the base station processing unit 119 performs encoding processing and modulation processing on the data signal received from the modem unit 118 side, and transmits the data signal to the UE 61 of the three-dimensional cell 100C via the service link antenna unit 111 and the transmission/reception unit 112. generates a baseband signal (IQ signal) to be transmitted to the
- IQ signal baseband signal
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the main configuration of the base station processing section 119 in the relay communication station 110 of FIG. Note that FIG. 26 shows only the main configuration related to this embodiment, and the illustration of other components necessary for communication with the UE 61 is omitted.
- the base station processing unit 119 includes a downlink (DL) transmission unit 1190, a transmission/reception switching control unit 1191, an angle estimation processing unit 1192, a UE selection processing unit (user selection processing unit) 1193, a BF weight Calculation section 1194 , BF weight multiplication section 1195 , RB allocation processing section 1196 , and OFDM modulation section 1197 are provided.
- DL transmission section 1190 includes BF weight multiplication section 1195, RB allocation processing section 1196, and multiple OFDM modulation sections 1197, and performs transmission signal processing by multiple layers (streams) in downlink MU-MIMO communication. conduct.
- the transmission/reception switching control section 1191 passes uplink signals from a plurality of antenna elements received from each UE 61 in the cell 100C by the service link antenna section 111 and the transmission/reception section 112 to the angle estimation processing section 1192 . Further, the transmission/reception switching control section 1191 passes the transmission signals (IQ signals) of the plurality of layers (streams) simultaneously generated by the DL transmission section 1190 to the transmission/reception section 112 .
- Angle estimation processing unit 1192 as exemplified in FIG. Angle information (azimuth angle ⁇ , elevation angle ⁇ ) indicating the direction of each UE 61 is estimated.
- UE selection processing unit (user selection processing unit) 1193, as illustrated in FIG. , for each of a plurality of time-frequency resource blocks (RBs) used for downlink MU-MIMO communication, UEs 61 to be assigned to REs are selected. Selection information of UE 61 allocated to each RE is sent to RB allocation processing section 1196 .
- RBs time-frequency resource blocks
- BF weight calculation unit 1194 for each of all UE61 to perform downlink MU-MIMO communication, based on the angle information (azimuth angle ⁇ , elevation angle ⁇ ) of UE61, Calculate BF weights for beam steering (beamforming control) that are multiplied by symbols when transmitting each UE's transmission signal.
- the BF weight calculation result of each UE 61 is sent to the BF weight multiplier 1195 .
- BF weight multiplying section 1195 based on the calculation result of the BF weight received from BF weight calculating section 1194, for each of all UE61 to perform downlink MU-MIMO communication, to a predetermined number of layers (transmission streams)
- Each of the mapped symbols for UE61 is multiplied by the BF weight corresponding to that UE61.
- RB allocation processing unit 1196 based on the UE (user) selection information received from UE selection processing unit (user selection processing unit) 1193, for each of all UE61 to perform downlink MU-MIMO communication, the above BF
- the symbol of UE61 multiplied by the weight is allocated to the RB corresponding to UE61.
- a plurality of OFDM modulation units 1197 performs OFDM modulation on each of a plurality of symbols mapped to a predetermined number of layers (transmission streams) of downlink MU-MIMO communication to generate a plurality of IQ signals, and a transmission/reception switching control unit. output to 1191.
- the cell 100C Even if the number of UEs 61 located in the area increases, it is possible to improve the communication quality of the entire cell 100C and expand the system capacity while suppressing an increase in overhead in the UEs 61 and the relay communication station 110 .
- processing steps described in this specification and the relay communication station, feeder station, gateway station, management device, monitoring device, remote control device, server, terminal device (UE: user device, mobile) of communication relay devices such as HAPS 10 Stations, communication terminals), base stations and base station equipment components may be implemented by various means.
- these processes and components may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof.
- entities for example, relay communication stations, feeder stations, gateway stations, base stations, base station equipment, relay communication station equipment, terminal equipment (UE: user equipment, mobile station, communication terminal), management equipment, Means such as processing units used to implement the above steps and components in a monitoring device, remote control device, server, hard disk drive or optical disk drive
- Means such as processing units used to implement the above steps and components in a monitoring device, remote control device, server, hard disk drive or optical disk drive
- ASIC application specific ICs
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- DSPD Digital Signal Processor
- PLD Programmable Logic Device
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Processor Controller, Microcontroller, Microprocessor, Electronic Device , other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, computers, or combinations thereof.
- the means, such as processing units, used to implement the components may be programs (e.g., procedures, functions, modules, instructions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. , etc.).
- any computer/processor readable medium tangibly embodying firmware and/or software code means, such as a processing unit, used to implement the steps and components described herein. may be used to implement
- firmware and/or software code may be stored in memory and executed by a computer or processor, such as in a controller.
- the memory may be implemented within the computer or processor, or external to the processor.
- the firmware and/or software code may also be, for example, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), programmable read only memory (PROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM). ), flash memory, floppy disk, compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), magnetic or optical data storage devices, etc. good.
- the code may be executed by one or more computers or processors and may cause the computers or processors to perform certain aspects of the functionality described herein.
- the medium may be a non-temporary recording medium.
- the code of the program is not limited to a specific format as long as it can be read and executed by a computer, processor, or other device or machine.
- the program code may be source code, object code, or binary code, or may be a mixture of two or more of these codes.
- HAPS 10A Service area 61: Terminal equipment (UE) 61A: Scattering area 70: Feeder station (GW station) 71 : Antenna 80 : Mobile communication network 100A : Service area 100B : Beam 100C : Cell 100F : Footprint 110 : Relay communication station 111 : Service link antenna unit 112 : Transmitting/receiving unit 113 : Feeder link antenna unit 114 : Transmitting/receiving unit 119 : base station processing unit 130 : array antenna 130a : antenna element 1190 : downlink transmission unit 1191 : transmission/reception switching control unit 1192 : angle estimation processing unit 1194 : BF weight calculation unit 1195 : BF weight multiplication unit 1196 : application processing unit 1197 : OFDM modulation section
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Abstract
Description
本書に記載された実施形態に係るシステムは、地上又は海上に向けてセルを形成し、セルに在圏する複数の端末装置(UE)との間で、多素子のアレーアンテナを用いてMU-MIMO通信を行う上空滞在型の通信中継装置(HAPS)を備え、セルに在圏するUEが増加した場合でもUE及びHAPSにおけるオーバーヘッドの増加を抑制しつつ、セル全体の通信品質の改善及びシステム容量の拡大を図ることができる通信システム(HAPSシステム)である。本実施形態に係る通信システムは、多数の端末装置への同時接続や低遅延化などに対応する第5世代等の次世代の移動通信の3次元化ネットワークの実現に適する。
図2のHAPS10は、ソーラープレーンタイプのHAPSであり、長手方向の両端部側が上方に反った主翼部101と、主翼部101の短手方向の一端縁部にバス動力系の推進装置としての複数のモータ駆動のプロペラ103とを備える。主翼部101の上面には、太陽光発電機能を有する太陽光発電部としての太陽光発電パネル(以下「ソーラーパネル」という。)102が設けられている。また、主翼部101の下面の長手方向の2箇所には、板状の連結部104を介して、ミッション機器が収容される複数の機器収容部としてのポッド105が連結されている。各ポッド105の内部には、ミッション機器としての中継通信局110と、バッテリー106とが収容されている。また、各ポッド105の下面側には離発着時に使用される車輪107が設けられている。ソーラーパネル102で発電された電力はバッテリー106に蓄電され、バッテリー106から供給される電力により、プロペラ103のモータが回転駆動され、中継通信局110による無線中継処理が実行される。
10A :サービスエリア
61 :端末装置(UE)
61A :散乱エリア
70 :フィーダ局(GW局)
71 :アンテナ
80 :移動通信網
100A :サービスエリア
100B :ビーム
100C :セル
100F :フットプリント
110 :中継通信局
111 :サービスリンク用アンテナ部
112 :送受信部
113 :フィーダリンク用アンテナ部
114 :送受信部
119 :基地局処理部
130 :アレーアンテナ
130a :アンテナ素子
1190 :ダウンリンク送信部
1191 :送受信切替制御部
1192 :角度推定処理部
1194 :BFウェイト計算部
1195 :BFウェイト乗算部
1196 :当て処理部
1197 :OFDM変調部
Claims (8)
- 地上又は海上に向けてセルを形成し、前記セルに在圏する複数の端末装置との間でMU-MIMOの無線通信を行う上空滞在型の通信中継装置であって、
前記複数の端末装置と間のサービスリンクの無線通信を行うセルを形成する複数のアンテナ素子を有するアレーアンテナと、
前記アレーアンテナを介して前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれから、前記端末装置を識別可能なアップリンク信号を受信するアップリンク受信部と、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記アレーアンテナの位置を基準にした前記端末装置の方向を示す角度情報を推定する角度推定処理部と、
前記複数の端末装置の前記角度情報の推定結果に基づいて、前記角度が離れた複数の端末装置に同一の無線リソースが割り当てられるように、前記サービスリンクのダウンリンクに用いられる複数の無線リソースのそれぞれに割り当てる端末装置を選択する選択処理部と、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報の推定結果に基づいて、前記アレーアンテナによる前記端末装置に対するダウンリンクのビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算するウェイト計算部と、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記端末装置に対応する前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトと前記端末装置に割り当てられた無線リソースとに基づいて、前記アレーアンテナを介して前記端末装置にダウンリンク信号を送信するダウンリンク送信部と、
を備えることを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項1の通信中継装置において、
前記角度情報は、前記アレーアンテナの位置を基準にした前記端末装置の方向の方位角及び仰角であり、
前記ウェイト計算部は、前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報に応じて前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算する、ことを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項1の通信中継装置において、
前記角度情報は、前記アレーアンテナの位置を基準にした前記端末装置の方向の方位角及び仰角であり、
前記ウェイト計算部は、前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報に基づいて前記端末装置と前記通信中継装置との間のチャネル状態情報又はそれに相当する情報を推定し、その推定結果に基づいて前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算する、ことを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項1の通信中継装置において、
前記選択処理部は、
前記セルに在圏する複数の端末装置を前記仰角について並べ替えて複数の仰角グループに分割し、
前記複数の仰角グループのそれぞれについて、前記仰角グループに属する複数の端末装置を前記方位角について並べ替え、
前記仰角及び前記方位角を互いに交差する座標軸とする仮想平面上で互いに離れた複数の端末装置に同一の無線リソースが割り当てられるように前記端末装置の選択を行い、
前記ウェイト計算部は、前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報に応じて前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算する、ことを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項1の通信中継装置において、
前記選択処理部は、
前記セルに在圏する複数の端末装置を前記仰角について並べ替えて複数の仰角グループに分割し、
前記複数の仰角グループのそれぞれについて、前記仰角グループに属する複数の端末装置を前記方位角について並べ替え、
前記仰角及び前記方位角を互いに交差する座標軸とする仮想平面上で互いに離れた複数の端末装置に同一の無線リソースが割り当てられるように前記端末装置の選択を行い、
前記ウェイト計算部は、前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報に基づいて前記端末装置と前記通信中継装置との間のチャネル状態情報又はそれに相当する情報を推定し、その推定結果に基づいて前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算する、ことを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項3又は5の通信中継装置において、
前記アレーアンテナの複数のアンテナ素子の振幅応答ベクトルと前記複数のアンテナ素子のアンテナ素子間の位相差ベクトルとのアダマール積からなるモードベクトルを、前記チャネル状態情報として代用する、ことを特徴とする通信中継装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれかの通信中継装置と、前記通信中継装置との間でMU-MIMOの無線通信を行う端末装置と、を備えることを特徴とするシステム。
- 地上又は海上に向けてセルを形成し、前記セルに在圏する複数の端末装置との間でMU-MIMOの無線通信を行う上空滞在型の通信中継装置に設けられたコンピュータ又はプロセッサで実行されるプログラムであって、
前記複数の端末装置と間のサービスリンクの無線通信を行うセルを形成する複数のアンテナ素子を有するアレーアンテナを介して前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれから、前記端末装置を識別可能なアップリンク信号を受信するためのプログラムコードと、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記アレーアンテナの位置を基準にした前記端末装置の方向を示す角度情報を推定するためのプログラムコードと、
前記複数の端末装置の前記角度情報の推定結果に基づいて、前記角度が離れた複数の端末装置に同一の無線リソースが割り当てられるように、前記サービスリンクのダウンリンクに用いられる複数の無線リソースのそれぞれに割り当てる端末装置を選択するためのプログラムコードと、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記角度情報の推定結果に基づいて、前記アレーアンテナによる前記端末装置に対するダウンリンクのビームフォーミングのウェイトを計算するためのプログラムコードと、
前記複数の端末装置のそれぞれについて、前記端末装置に対応する前記ビームフォーミングのウェイトと前記端末装置に割り当てられた無線リソースとに基づいて、前記アレーアンテナを介して前記端末装置にダウンリンク信号を送信するためのプログラムコードと、
を含むことを特徴とするプログラム。
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