WO2022166385A1 - 发声装置和耳机 - Google Patents

发声装置和耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166385A1
WO2022166385A1 PCT/CN2021/136350 CN2021136350W WO2022166385A1 WO 2022166385 A1 WO2022166385 A1 WO 2022166385A1 CN 2021136350 W CN2021136350 W CN 2021136350W WO 2022166385 A1 WO2022166385 A1 WO 2022166385A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
bass
diaphragm
tweeter
magnetic circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/136350
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭晓冬
王苗苗
王莹
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2022166385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166385A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/024—Manufacturing aspects of the magnetic circuit of loudspeaker or microphone transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, in particular to a sound-generating device and an earphone.
  • the sound-generating device of conventional earphones generally only contains one vibration unit.
  • This kind of structure design is relatively simple, but it cannot take into account the performance and sound quality of the product in different frequency bands at high frequency and low frequency.
  • the sound quality is poor, and some earphones have low frequency.
  • the performance is better, and some are better at high frequency.
  • the sound-generating device of the dual-vibration unit can satisfy the simultaneous operation of low frequency and high frequency, and has a complementary and improved effect on the performance curve of the product and the sound quality of listening.
  • the existing dual-vibration unit sound generating device generally adopts an external stacking type, that is, the tweeter unit and the woofer unit are in the same or opposite direction, occupying a large space, low utilization rate of magnetic circuit, and slightly insufficient bandwidth and sound quality.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a sound-generating device and an earphone, aiming at solving the technical problem that the existing sound-generating device that can satisfy both high frequency and low frequency effects takes up a large space.
  • the sound-emitting device includes:
  • a tweeter unit the tweeter unit is fixed with the housing and is located in the housing, the tweeter unit includes a magnetic conductive housing, a magnetic conductive diaphragm and a tweeter magnetic circuit system arranged in the magnetic conductive housing, so The magnetic conductive diaphragm is suspended in the tweeter magnetic circuit system, and the tweeter magnetic circuit system is used to generate an alternating electromagnetic field to drive the magnetic conductive diaphragm to vibrate;
  • a bass unit the bass unit is fixed to the casing and located in the casing, the bass unit includes a bass magnetic circuit assembly, a bass diaphragm and a bass voice coil connected to the bass diaphragm, the bass magnetic circuit
  • a bass magnetic gap for inserting the bass voice coil is formed between the assembly and the magnetic conductive housing, and the bass unit and the tweeter unit are coaxially arranged.
  • the high-pitched magnetic circuit system includes two relatively spaced high-pitched magnetic circuit assemblies, the magnetic conductive diaphragm is suspended between the two high-pitched magnetic circuit assemblies, and the high-pitched magnetic circuit assembly includes a sticker.
  • a first magnetic steel and a coil arranged around the first magnetic steel are arranged on the magnetic conductive housing.
  • the outer shell includes a front cover, a middle shell and a rear cover that are connected in sequence, the magnetic conductive shell is fixed to the front cover, and the second magnetic steel is respectively connected to the front cover and the middle shell. Fixed, the bass diaphragm is fixed on the back cover.
  • the magnetic conductive shell includes a first magnetic conductive shell and a second magnetic conductive shell that are combined with each other, the first magnetic conductive shell is fixed with the front cover, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm is arranged on the Between the first magnetic conductive shell and the second magnetic conductive shell, the two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies are respectively arranged in the space surrounded by the first magnetic conductive shell and the magnetic conductive diaphragm, and the In the space surrounded by the two magnetic conductive shells and the magnetic conductive diaphragm.
  • the first magnetically conductive shell includes a top wall and a first side wall extending from the top wall
  • the second magnetically conductive shell includes a bottom wall and a second sidewall extending from the bottom wall
  • the first side wall and the second side wall are combined with each other to form a magnetically conductive side wall
  • the bass magnetic gap is formed between the magnetic conductive side wall and the second magnetic steel
  • the two high-pitched magnetic circuits The first magnetic steel of one of the tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies is set on the top wall and forms a first gap with the first side wall, and the first magnet steel of the other tweeter magnetic circuit assembly is set.
  • a second gap is formed between the bottom wall and the second side wall, and the two coils are respectively disposed in the first gap and the second gap.
  • the front cover is provided with a through hole
  • the top wall includes a wall body and a first step recessed from the edge of the wall body to the direction of the magnetic conductive diaphragm, the front cover is formed along the The part of the outer periphery of the through hole is clamped on the first step, so that the wall body is exposed to the through hole, and the first magnetic steel is provided with an air flow channel with an opening facing the magnetic conductive diaphragm, so The top wall is provided with a high-pitched sound outlet that communicates with the airflow channel.
  • the front cover is provided with a bass sound outlet that communicates with the bass magnetic gap.
  • the bass unit further includes a centering support piece, and the centering support piece is respectively fixed with the bass diaphragm and the middle shell.
  • the bass magnetic circuit assembly includes a second magnetic steel and a washer fixed to the second magnetic steel, and the second magnetic steel is fixed to the housing.
  • a second step and a third step are formed on the inner side of the middle shell, the second magnetic steel is sandwiched between the front cover and the second step, and the bass unit further includes a washer. , the washer is sandwiched between the second step and the third step.
  • the rear cover includes a bottom cover portion and a side cover portion circumferentially surrounding the bottom cover portion
  • the woofer further includes a passive radiation membrane located between the bass diaphragm and the bottom cover portion, The passive radiation film is arranged corresponding to the bass diaphragm, and the edge of the passive radiation film is fixed on the fourth step formed by the side cover part.
  • the present invention also provides an earphone, the earphone includes the sound producing device as described above.
  • the tweeter unit includes a magnetically conductive housing, a magnetically conductive diaphragm and a high-pitched magnetic circuit system arranged in the magnetically conductive housing,
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm is suspended in the high-pitched magnetic circuit system, so that an alternating electromagnetic field can be generated by controlling the high-frequency magnetic circuit system.
  • the connected voice coil makes only the magnetic conductive diaphragm vibrate, the vibration components to be driven by the high-pitched magnetic circuit system have small mass, and the sound-electric conversion efficiency is high.
  • the bass unit includes a bass magnetic circuit assembly, a bass diaphragm, and a bass voice coil connected to the bass diaphragm, a bass magnetic gap for inserting the bass voice coil is formed between the bass magnetic circuit assembly and the magnetic conductive shell, and the bass unit and
  • the tweeter is coaxially arranged, and the tweeter is embedded in the woofer, which directly replaces the central magnetic circuit part of the woofer. While providing magnetic flux, the height of the entire sounding device is reduced, the space occupied by the sounding device in the earphone is reduced, and the magnetic circuit efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a sound generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of a sounding device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a tweeter unit of a sound generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a tweeter unit of a sound generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the sound generating device of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of force analysis when the coil of the tweeter unit of the sounding device is not energized according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of force analysis when the coil of the tweeter unit of the sounding device is energized according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a sound generating device 10, including:
  • the tweeter unit 30 is fixed with the housing 20 and is located in the housing 20.
  • the tweeter unit 30 includes a magnetic conductive housing 31, a magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 and a tweeter magnetic circuit system 32 arranged in the magnetic conductive housing 31.
  • the magnetic diaphragm 37 is suspended in the tweeter magnetic circuit system 32, and the tweeter magnetic circuit system 32 is used to generate an alternating electromagnetic field to drive the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 to vibrate;
  • the bass unit 40 is fixed with the casing 20 and located in the casing 20.
  • the bass unit 40 includes a bass magnetic circuit assembly, a bass diaphragm 42 and a bass voice coil 43 connected to the bass diaphragm 42.
  • the bass magnetic circuit assembly and the magnetic conductivity A bass magnetic gap 47 into which the bass voice coil 43 is inserted is formed between the casings 31 , and the bass unit 40 and the tweeter unit 30 are coaxially arranged.
  • the tweeter unit 30 of the present invention there is no voice coil connected to the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, which is different from the conventional voice coil driving the diaphragm.
  • the tweeter magnetic circuit system 32 can generate an alternating electromagnetic field, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 Vibration and sound are produced directly under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field, that is, vibration and sound are produced in the vibration space formed by the high-pitched magnetic circuit system 32 .
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 moves.
  • the tweeter unit 30 and the bass unit 40 are located on the same axis, the bass magnetic circuit assembly of the bass unit 40 is located outside the magnetic conductive housing 31 , and the bass magnetic circuit assembly is spaced from the magnetic conductive housing 31 to form a bass magnetic gap 47 , the lower end of the bass voice coil 43 is fixed with the bass diaphragm 42, the bass voice coil 43 is suspended in the bass magnetic gap 47, and the bass voice coil 43 vibrates after being energized, thereby driving the bass diaphragm 42 to vibrate and sound.
  • the present invention takes into account the full-band sound quality of bass and treble, and has a better sense of hearing.
  • the bass unit 40 and the tweeter unit 30 are coaxially arranged, and the tweeter unit 30 is embedded in the bass unit 40 as a whole, directly replacing the central magnetic circuit part of the bass unit 40. , which not only takes into account the high frequency and low frequency performance of the sounding device 10, but also improves the magnetic circuit efficiency while providing the magnetic flux, and reduces the overall height of the sounding device 10 and reduces the space occupied by the sounding device 10 in the earphone.
  • the tweeter magnetic circuit system 32 includes two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies 33 arranged at opposite intervals, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is suspended between the two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies 33 .
  • the circuit assembly 33 includes a first magnetic steel 331 attached to the magnetic conductive housing 31 and a coil 332 arranged around the first magnetic steel 331 .
  • the coil 332 is spaced from the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 .
  • the two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies 33 interact to generate an alternating electromagnetic field, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is directly under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field, along the two tweeter magnetic circuits.
  • the direction of the connection line of the components 33 moves, that is, the vibration and sound are generated in the vibration space formed between the two high-frequency magnetic circuit components 33 .
  • only the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 moves, and the coil 332 and the first magnetic steel 331 in the magnetic circuit system 32 may not move.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is only affected by the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic steel 331 located on both sides. size, shape, size, etc., so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 373 can remain stationary at a preset position in the vibration space.
  • the present invention arranges the coil 332 around the first magnetic steel 331, so that in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit system 32, the magnetic field strength in the central area is higher than that of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit system 32.
  • the strength of the magnetic field in the edge region is greater, and when the coil 332 is energized, the magnetic flux change experienced by the central region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is greater than the magnetic flux change experienced by the edge region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, that is, the center of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37.
  • the driving force received by the region is greater than the driving force received by the edge region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is more likely to be affected by the alternating electromagnetic field to generate sound and vibrate.
  • the first magnetic steel 331, the coil 332 and the balance diaphragm are coaxially arranged to facilitate vibration balance.
  • the high-pitched magnetic circuit system 32 can generate an alternating electromagnetic field by controlling the energization of the coil 332, and the magnetic-conducting diaphragm 37 is in the alternating current state.
  • the variable electromagnetic field Under the action of the variable electromagnetic field, it can vibrate in the vibration space, and the voice coil connected with the diaphragm is omitted, so that only the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 vibrates, the vibration components to be driven by the high-pitched magnetic circuit system 32 are of small quality, and the sound-electric conversion efficiency is high;
  • the coil 332 by arranging the coil 332 around the first magnetic steel 331 , the driving force generated in the central region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is larger, which is beneficial to the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 to vibrate.
  • the magnetization directions of the first magnetic steels 331 of the two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies 33 are the same, and the current directions of the coils 332 of the two tweeter magnetic circuit assemblies 33 are opposite.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be suspended between the two first magnetic steels 331 in a balanced manner because the magnetic force direction of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is opposite to that of the two first magnetic steels 331 .
  • the coil 332 When the current direction of the coil 332 above and below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is opposite, the coil 332 generates an alternating electromagnetic field, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 vibrates in the up and down direction under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field, so that the current in the coil 332 can be controlled by controlling the current.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 vibrates and emits sound.
  • FIG. 6 is a force analysis diagram of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 in an embodiment when the coil 332 is not energized
  • FIG. 7 is a magnetic conductive vibration in an embodiment when the coil 332 is energized Force analysis diagram of membrane 37.
  • the first magnetic steel 331 located above the magnetically conductive diaphragm 37 and the first magnetic steel 331 located below the magnetically conductive diaphragm 37 are both N-pole at the upper end and S-pole at the lower end, namely The magnetization direction of the first magnetic steel 331 is the same, and the direction shown by the magnetic field line goes out from the N pole and enters the S pole. Since the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is subjected to opposite directions of the magnetic forces of the two first magnetic steels 331 , the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be suspended between the two first magnetic steels 331 in a balanced manner.
  • the first magnetic steel 331 located above the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 and the first magnetic steel 331 located below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 are both N-pole at the upper end and S-pole at the lower end.
  • the current direction of the coil 332 located outside the upper first magnet 331 is left in and right out, and the current direction of the coil 332 located outside the lower first magnet 331 is right in and left out, that is, two coils 332's current flow is in the opposite direction.
  • Ampere's law it is determined that the upper end of the coil 332 above the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is S pole and the lower end is N level, and the coil 332 located below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is determined.
  • the opposite sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 are magnetized by the upper first magnetic steel 331 and the lower first magnetic steel 331 to generate polarities.
  • the upper side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is the N pole, and the lower side is the S pole;
  • the lower end is the N pole and the upper side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 repels the same sex, and the upper end of the lower coil 332 is the N pole and the lower side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 attracts the opposite sex, so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is in the two superimposed forces.
  • the downward deformation generates vibration, thereby further improving the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency of the sound generating device 10 .
  • the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the current of the upper coil 332 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the upper first magnetic steel 331 , which is a negative direction.
  • the magnetic flux produced by steel 331 has the same direction, which is negative.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 receives the magnetic flux ⁇ 1 of the upper tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 ⁇ the magnetic flux ⁇ 2 of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 received from the lower tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 .
  • the electromagnetic force F ⁇ pushes the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 to move toward the lower treble magnetic circuit assembly 33 .
  • the current direction of the coil 332 above and below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is the opposite direction as shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is subjected to the magnetic flux of the upper tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 ⁇ 1 ′>magnetic conductive
  • the electromagnetic force generated by the tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 pushes the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 to move toward the upper tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 , so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be controlled to vibrate and produce sound by controlling the current in the coil 332 .
  • the bass magnetic circuit assembly includes a second magnetic steel 41 and a washer 45 fixed to the second magnetic steel 41 .
  • the second magnetic steel 41 is fixed to the housing 20
  • a bass magnetic gap 47 is formed between the washer 45 and the magnetic conductive housing 31 .
  • the housing 20 includes a front cover 21 , a middle case 22 and a rear cover 23 connected in sequence
  • the magnetically conductive housing 31 is fixed to the front cover 21
  • the second magnetic steel 41 is respectively connected to the front cover 21 .
  • the cover 21 and the middle case 22 are fixed
  • the bass diaphragm 42 is fixed to the rear cover 23 .
  • the middle shell 22 is located at the side of the sound generating device 10 and is used to connect the front cover 21 and the rear cover 23 and can fix the second magnet 41 of the woofer 40.
  • the front cover 21 is used to fix the second magnet 41 of the woofer 40 and
  • the tweeter unit 30 and the back cover 23 are used to fix the vibration system of the bass unit 40 .
  • the arrangement of the front cover 21 enables the tweeter unit 30 to be embedded in the woofer unit 40 , the structure is compact, and the occupied space of the sound generating device 10 is reduced.
  • the magnetic conductive shell 31 includes a first magnetic conductive shell 311 and a second magnetic conductive shell 312 that are assembled with each other.
  • the first magnetic conductive shell 311 is fixed to the front cover 21 , and the magnetic vibration is conductive.
  • the membrane 37 is arranged between the first magnetic conductive shell 311 and the second magnetic conductive shell 312, the two high-pitched magnetic circuit components 33 are respectively arranged in the space surrounded by the first magnetic conductive shell 311 and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, and the second In the space surrounded by the magnetic conductive shell 312 and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 .
  • the first magnetic conductive shell 311 is located on the upper side of the second magnetic conductive shell 312 , the upper end of the first magnetic conductive shell 311 is fixed to the front cover 21 , and the rest is suspended inside the housing 20 .
  • the sides of the first magnetic conductive shell 311 and the second magnetic conductive shell 312 are spaced apart from the first magnetic steel 331 respectively.
  • the first magnetic steel 331 can be a ring-shaped structure that is sleeved on the outside of the tweeter unit 30 at intervals, adding a bass unit. 40 magnetic flux.
  • the first magnetically conductive shell 311 includes a top wall 3111 and a first side wall 3112 extending from the top wall 3111
  • the second magnetically conductive shell 312 includes a bottom wall 3121 and a second sidewall 3122 extending from the bottom wall 3121.
  • the first side wall 3112 and the second side wall 3122 are joined together to form a magnetically conductive side wall, and a bass magnetic gap 47 is formed between the magnetic conductive side wall and the second magnetic steel 41 ;
  • the first magnetic steel 331 of the tweeter is arranged on the top wall 3111 and forms a first gap with the first side wall 3112, and the first magnetic steel 331 of the other tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 is arranged on the bottom wall 3121 and is connected with the second side
  • a second gap is formed between the walls 3122, and the two coils 332 are respectively disposed in the first gap and the second gap.
  • the first side wall 3112, a coil 332 and a first magnet 331 are successively sleeved, and the second side wall 3122, another coil 332 and another first magnet 331 are sleeved successively.
  • the first magnetic steel 331 can be directly attached to the top wall 3111 or the bottom wall 3121, while the coil 332 can be wound on the first magnetic steel 331, or can be pre-wound and attached to the top wall 3111 or the bottom wall 3121 .
  • the components of the tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 are set in sequence, thereby effectively reducing the size of the tweeter unit 30 of the sound producing device 10 .
  • the first side wall 3112 and the second side wall 3122 respectively fix the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 from opposite sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, that is, the edge of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be fixed by glue, welding, etc. It is arranged at the end of the first side wall 3112 or the second side wall 3122 , and then the first magnetic conductive shell 311 and the second magnetic conductive shell 312 are matched to cover and fixed, so as to facilitate product assembly.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is directly fixed by the first magnetic conductive shell 311 and the second magnetic conductive shell 312, no other fixing components are provided between the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 and the tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 and The magnetic field distribution between the tweeter magnetic circuit components 33 is not affected by other fixed components, which is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency of sound and electricity.
  • the front cover 21 is provided with a through hole 211
  • the top wall 3111 includes a wall body 3113 and a first step 3114 recessed from the edge of the wall body 3113 to the direction of the magnetic vibration film 37 , the front cover 21 is along the outer circumference of the through hole 211 . Part of it is clamped on the first step 3114, so that the wall body 3113 is exposed to the through hole 211, the first magnetic steel 331 is provided with an air flow channel 35 with an opening facing the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37, and the top wall 3111 is provided with a communicating air flow channel 35 The treble sound hole 36.
  • the first step 3114 facilitates the assembly between the front cover 21 and the tweeter unit 30.
  • the arrangement of the through hole 211 can expose the tweeter sound hole 36.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 is in the magnetic conductive housing. 31, the airflow pushed by the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be transmitted to the outside through the airflow channel 35 and the high-pitched sound outlet 36.
  • the bottom wall 3121 is provided with a first vent hole 38 corresponding to the airflow channel 35 , and the treble sound outlet 36 , the airflow channel 35 and the bass sound hole 38 are located on the same axis. Therefore, it is beneficial to maintain the air pressure balance in the tweeter unit 30 and the woofer unit.
  • the tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33 further includes a sound transmission magnet 333 disposed in the airflow channel 35 , and a plurality of pore structures are distributed in the sound transmission magnet 333 .
  • the sound-transmitting magnet 333 is a magnetic-conducting member, which can increase the magnetic permeability of the tweeter magnetic circuit assembly 33. Due to the distribution of the pore structure, the air in the magnetic-conducting housing 31 can communicate with the outside through the pore structure, and the magnetic-conducting diaphragm 37 The propelled airflow can still be transmitted to the outside through the pore structure.
  • the first magnetic steel 331 and the sound-transmitting magnet 333 are separate components, and the sound-transmitting magnet 333 may be foamed iron-nickel. In other embodiments, the first magnetic steel 331 and the sound-transmitting magnet 333 may also be integrally formed.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 in this embodiment is a planar magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 .
  • the planar magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 provided in this embodiment can reduce the size of the sound generating device 10 .
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 includes a metal body, and the metal body includes one or more of stainless steel, silicon steel, carbon steel, iron-nickel alloy, iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, and soft ferrite.
  • the metal body includes one or more of stainless steel, silicon steel, carbon steel, iron-nickel alloy, iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, and soft ferrite.
  • the metal body vibrates, the sound quality emitted has a metallic texture.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 also includes a damping layer disposed on the metal body, and the damping layer may be a high molecular polymer such as damping glue or polyester film, or may be a resin material such as polyurethane.
  • the damping property of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 can be adjusted through the damping layer, which is beneficial to the balance of the vibration of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 and brings a more delicate listening feeling.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 37 includes a base material and a magnetic conductive layer disposed on the base material, and the base material is any one of metal or non-metal, elastomer or non-elastomeric body
  • the magnetic conductive layer is a powder with soft magnetic properties such as nickel, iron-nickel alloy, iron-phosphorus alloy, etc., which is disposed on the base material by plating, deposition, magnetron sputtering, and the like.
  • the front cover 21 is provided with a bass sound hole 212 that communicates with the bass magnetic gap 47 , and the bass sound hole 212 is arranged corresponding to the bass magnetic gap 47 .
  • the tweeter unit 30 is facing the sound output direction of the whole headphone, and the sound output path of the woofer unit 40 is the gap between the magnetic circuit below the bass diaphragm 42 that flows out from the bass sound outlet 212 .
  • the number of bass sound holes 212 can be multiple, so as to further improve the low frequency performance of the bass unit 40 .
  • the bass unit 40 further includes a centering support piece 48 , and the centering support piece 48 is respectively fixed to the bass diaphragm 42 and the middle shell 22 .
  • One end of the centering support piece 48 can be fixed on the end of the bass voice coil 43 away from the bass diaphragm 42, and the other end is fixed on the middle shell 22, which can ensure the linear balance of the bass vibration state and suppress polarization.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sounding device with the front cover and the tweeter removed
  • a second step 221 and a third step 222 are formed on the inner side of the middle shell 22, and the second magnetic steel 41 is sandwiched between the front cover.
  • the bass unit 40 further includes a washer 45 , and the washer 45 is sandwiched between the second step 221 and the third step 222 .
  • the third step 222 is located below the second step 221 , which not only facilitates the assembly of the bass unit 40 but also has a compact and firm structure.
  • the washer 45 matches the shape of the second magnetic steel 41 , and is all attached to the second magnetic steel 41 , which further improves the magnetic flux of the bass unit 40 .
  • the back cover 23 includes a bottom cover portion 231 and a side cover portion 232 circumferentially surrounding the bottom cover portion 231
  • the bass unit 40 further includes a passive radiation membrane located between the bass diaphragm 42 and the bottom cover portion 231 . 46.
  • the passive radiation film 46 is disposed corresponding to the bass diaphragm 42, and the edge of the passive radiation film 46 is fixed on the fourth step 2321 formed by the side cover portion 232.
  • the bottom cover portion 231 is disposed away from the tweeter diaphragm, and the bottom cover portion 231 has functions such as protection and dust prevention.
  • the passive radiating membrane 46 is spaced apart from the bass membrane 42 and the bottom cover 231 respectively.
  • the bottom cover 231 can protect the passive radiation film 46 and prevent the passive radiation diaphragm from being scratched or collided by accident.
  • a second ventilation hole can be opened on the bottom cover 231 to connect the passive radiation film 46 and the bottom cover 231. The airflow is dredged in time to ensure the balance of internal and external air pressure.
  • the side cover part 232 is further formed with a fifth step 2322 , and the bass diaphragm 42 is fixed on the fifth step 2322 by the fixing ring 44 .
  • the edge of the bass diaphragm 42 is fixedly sandwiched between the fifth step 2322 of the side cover part 232 and the fixing ring 44 , and the fixing ring 44 stably fixes the bass diaphragm 42 on the side cover part 232 , which enhances the sound quality of the sound generating device 10 . the strength of the overall structure.
  • An assembly ear 2323 is formed at the end of the side cover part 232 away from the bottom cover part 231 , and a sixth step 223 is formed on the outer side of the middle shell 22 . The body is assembled to the main body of the earphone.
  • the present invention also provides an earphone, the earphone includes the above sound producing device 10 . Since the earphone adopts all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种发声装置和耳机，发声装置包括外壳、高音单元和低音单元，高音单元与外壳固定且位于外壳内，高音单元包括导磁壳体、以及设于导磁壳体内的导磁振膜和高音磁路系统，导磁振膜悬置于高音磁路系统中，高音磁路系统用于产生交变电磁场以驱动导磁振膜振动；低音单元与外壳固定且位于外壳内，低音单元包括低音磁路组件、低音振膜以及与所述低音振膜连接的低音音圈，所述低音磁路组件与所述导磁壳体之间形成供所述低音音圈插入的低音磁间隙，低音单元和高音单元同轴设置。本发明的发声装置兼顾了高频和低频的性能，高音单元的声电转换效率高，减小了发声装置在耳机中的占用空间，且提升了磁路效率。

Description

发声装置和耳机 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，特别涉及一种发声装置和耳机。
背景技术
常规的耳机的发声装置一般只包含一个振动单元，这种结构设计比较简单，但是却无法很好地兼顾产品在高频和低频时不同频段的性能和音质，音质较差，有一些耳机的低频性能较好，一些则是高频性能较好。双振动单元的发声装置能够满足低频和高频同时工作，对于产品的性能曲线和听音的音质具有互补和提升的作用。但是现有的双振动单元的发声装置一般采用外接堆叠式，即高音单元和低音单元为上下同向或对向结构，占用空间大，磁路利用率低，频宽及音质略有不足。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种发声装置和耳机，旨在解决现有的能够同时满足高频和低频效果的发声装置占用空间大的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的所述发声装置包括：
外壳；
高音单元，所述高音单元与所述外壳固定且位于所述外壳内，所述高音单元包括导磁壳体、以及设于所述导磁壳体内的导磁振膜和高音磁路系统，所述导磁振膜悬置于所述高音磁路系统中，所述高音磁路系统用于产生交变电磁场以驱动所述导磁振膜振动；
低音单元，所述低音单元与所述外壳固定且位于所述外壳内，所述低音单元包括低音磁路组件、低音振膜以及与所述低音振膜连接的低音音圈，所述低音磁路组件与所述导磁壳体之间形成供所述低音音圈插入的低音磁间隙，所述低音单元和高音单元同轴设置。
可选地，所述高音磁路系统包括两个相对间隔设置的高音磁路组件，所述导磁振膜悬置于两个所述高音磁路组件之间，所述高音磁路组件包括贴设 在所述导磁壳体上第一磁钢和绕所述第一磁钢设置的线圈。
可选地，所述外壳包括依次连接的前盖、中壳和后盖，所述导磁壳体与所述前盖固定，所述第二磁钢分别与所述前盖以及所述中壳固定，所述低音振膜固定于所述后盖。
可选地，所述导磁壳体包括互相拼合的第一导磁壳和第二导磁壳，所述第一导磁壳与所述前盖固定，所述导磁振膜设置在所述第一导磁壳和所述第二导磁壳之间，两个所述高音磁路组件分别设置在所述第一导磁壳和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内、以及所述第二导磁壳和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内。
可选地，所述第一导磁壳包括顶壁和自所述顶壁延伸的第一侧壁，所述第二导磁壳包括底壁和自所述底壁延伸的第二侧壁，所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁互相拼合形成导磁侧围，所述导磁侧围与所述第二磁钢之间形成所述低音磁间隙；两个所述高音磁路组件中一个所述高音磁路组件的第一磁钢设于所述顶壁上并与所述第一侧壁之间形成第一间隙，另一个所述高音磁路组件的第一磁钢设于所述底壁上并与所述第二侧壁之间形成第二间隙，两个所述线圈分别设置于所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙内。
可选地，所述前盖开设有通孔，所述顶壁包括壁本体以及自所述壁本体的边缘向所述导磁振膜的方向凹陷形成的第一台阶，所述前盖沿所述通孔外周的部分卡置在所述第一台阶上，以使所述壁本体露出于所述通孔，所述第一磁钢开设有开口朝向所述导磁振膜的气流通道，所述顶壁上开设有连通所述气流通道的高音出声孔。
可选地，所述前盖上开设有与所述低音磁间隙互相连通的低音出声孔。
可选地，所述低音单元还包括定心支片，所述定心支片分别与所述低音振膜以及所述中壳固定。
可选地，所述低音磁路组件包括第二磁钢以及固定于所述第二磁钢的华司，所述第二磁钢与所述外壳固定。
可选地，所述中壳的内侧形成有第二台阶和第三台阶，所述第二磁钢夹设在所述前盖和所述第二台阶之间，所述低音单元还包括华司，所述华司夹设在所述第二台阶和所述第三台阶之间。
可选地，所述后盖包括底盖部和绕所述底盖部周向环绕的侧盖部，低音单元还包括位于所述低音振膜与所述底盖部之间的被动辐射膜，所述被动辐 射膜与所述低音振膜对应设置，所述被动辐射膜的边缘固定在所述侧盖部形成的第四台阶上。
本发明还提供了一种耳机，所述耳机包括如上所述的发声装置。
本发明中通过在外壳中设置高音单元和低音单元，兼顾了高频和低频的性能，且高音单元包括导磁壳体、以及设于导磁壳体内的导磁振膜和高音磁路系统，导磁振膜悬置于高音磁路系统中，从而可通过控制高音磁路系统产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜在交变电磁场作用下可以在振动空间内振动，省去设置与高音振膜连接的音圈，使得仅导磁振膜振动，高音磁路系统所要驱动的振动部件质量小，声电转换效率高。另外，低音单元包括低音磁路组件、低音振膜以及与低音振膜连接的低音音圈，低音磁路组件与导磁壳体之间形成供低音音圈插入的低音磁间隙，且低音单元和高音单元同轴设置，高音单元嵌入低音单元中，直接替代低音单元的中心磁路部分，提供磁通量的同时，降低了整个发声装置的高度，减小了发声装置在耳机中的占用空间，且提升了磁路效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一实施例的发声装置剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例的发声装置拆解结构示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例的发声装置的高音单元的剖面结构示意图；
图4为本发明一实施例的发声装置的高音单元的解结构示意图；
图5为图1的发声装置的部分示意图；
图6为本发明一实施例发声装置高音单元的线圈不通电情况下的受力分析示意图；
图7为本发明一实施例发声装置高音单元的线圈通电情况下的受力分析示意图。
实施例附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 发声装置 20 外壳
21 前盖 211 通孔
212 低音出声孔 22 中壳
221 第二台阶 222 第三台阶
223 第六台阶 23 后盖
231 底盖部 232 侧盖部
2321 第四台阶 2322 第五台阶
2323 装配耳 30 高音单元
31 导磁壳体 311 第一导磁壳
3111 顶壁 3112 第一侧壁
3113 壁本体 3114 第一台阶
312 第二导磁壳 3121 底壁
3122 第二侧壁 32 高音磁路系统
33 高音磁路组件 331 第一磁钢
332 线圈 333 传音导磁体
35 气流通道 36 高音出声孔
40 低音单元 41 第二磁钢
42 低音振膜 43 低音音圈
44 固定环 45 华司
46 被动辐射膜 47 低音磁间隙
48 定心支片 37 导磁振膜
38 第一通气孔    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明所指的“上”、“下”是以图1所示的方位为基准，仅用于解释在图1所示姿态下各部件之间的相对位置关系，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
如图1所示，本发明提出一种发声装置10，包括：
外壳20；
高音单元30，高音单元30与外壳20固定且位于外壳20内，高音单元30包括导磁壳体31、以及设于导磁壳体31内的导磁振膜37和高音磁路系统32，导磁振膜37悬置于高音磁路系统32中，高音磁路系统32用于产生交变电磁场以驱动导磁振膜37振动；
低音单元40，低音单元40与外壳20固定且位于外壳20内，低音单元40包括低音磁路组件、低音振膜42以及与低音振膜42连接的低音音圈43，低音磁路组件与导磁壳体31之间形成供低音音圈43插入的低音磁间隙47，低音单元40和高音单元30同轴设置。
在本发明的高音单元30中未设置与导磁振膜37连接的音圈，与常规的音圈驱动振膜的方式不相同，高音磁路系统32可产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜 37直接在该交变电磁场的作用下振动发声，即在高音磁路系统32形成的振动空间内振动发声。在该高音单元30发声过程中，仅导磁振膜37运动。高音单元30和低音单元40位于同一条轴线上，低音单元40的低音磁路组件位于导磁壳体31的外侧，且低音磁路组件与导磁壳体31间隔设置，以形成低音磁间隙47，低音音圈43的下端与低音振膜42固定，低音音圈43悬置于低音磁间隙47中，低音音圈43通电后发生振动，从而带动低音振膜42振动发声。本发明兼顾低音、高音全频段音质，具有更好的听感，而且低音单元40和高音单元30同轴设置，高音单元30嵌入整体嵌入低音单元40中，直接替代低音单元40的中心磁路部分，不仅兼顾了发声装置10的高频和低频性能，提供磁通量的同时，提升了磁路效率，且降低了发声装置10的整体高度，减小了发声装置10在耳机中的占用空间。
具体地，如图1和图3所示，高音磁路系统32包括两个相对间隔设置的高音磁路组件33，导磁振膜37悬置于两个高音磁路组件33之间，高音磁路组件33包括贴设在导磁壳体31上第一磁钢331和绕第一磁钢331设置的线圈332，线圈332与导磁振膜37间隔设置。位于导磁振膜37两侧的线圈332通电时，两个高音磁路组件33相互作用下产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜37直接在该交变电磁场的作用下，沿两个高音磁路组件33的连线方向移动，即在两个高音磁路组件33之间形成的振动空间内振动发声。在该发声装置10发声过程中，仅导磁振膜37运动，磁路系统32中的线圈332和第一磁钢331可以不动。位于导磁振膜37两侧的线圈332不通电时，导磁振膜37仅受到位于两侧的第一磁钢331产生的磁场作用，此时可通过控制两个第一磁钢331的磁性大小、形状大小等，以使得导磁振膜373可在振动空间中的预设位置处保持静止。
相较于将线圈332设置在第一磁钢331内侧的设置方式，本发明通过将线圈332绕第一磁钢331设置，使得磁路系统32产生的磁场中，中心区域的磁场强度相较于边沿区域的磁场强度更大，进一步使得线圈332通电时，导磁振膜37的中心区域感受到的磁通量变化大于导磁振膜37的边沿区域受到的磁通量变化，即导磁振膜37的中心区域受到的驱动力大于导磁振膜37的边沿区域受到的驱动力，以使导磁振膜37更容易受交变电磁场作用而发声振动。在一实施例中，第一磁钢331、线圈332和平衡振膜同轴设置，以有利于 振动平衡。
在本发明中，通过在导磁振膜37的两侧设置高音磁路组件33，从而可通过控制线圈332的通电情况，使得高音磁路系统32产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜37在交变电磁场作用下可以在振动空间内振动，省去设置与振膜连接的音圈，使得仅导磁振膜37振动，高音磁路系统32所要驱动的振动部件质量小，声电转换效率高；本发明通过将线圈332绕第一磁钢331设置，使得导磁振膜37的中心区域产生的驱动力更大，有利于导磁振膜37产生振动。
进一步地，两个高音磁路组件33的第一磁钢331的充磁方向相同，两个高音磁路组件33的线圈332的电流方向相反。在线圈332不通电情况下，由于导磁振膜37受到两个第一磁钢331的磁力方向相反，使得导磁振膜37可以平衡的悬置在两个第一磁钢331之间。在导磁振膜37上下的线圈332电流方向相反方向时，线圈332产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜37在交变电磁场的作用下沿上下方向振动，从而可以通过控制线圈332中电流，控制导磁振膜37振动发声。
请参阅图6和图7，其中图6为线圈332不通电情况下，一实施例中导磁振膜37的受力分析图；图7为线圈332通电情况下，一实施例中导磁振膜37的受力分析图。在图6所示的实施例中，位于导磁振膜37上方的第一磁钢331和位于导磁振膜37下方的第一磁钢331均为上端为N极、下端为S极，即第一磁钢331的充磁方向相同，磁感线所示方向由N极出来进入S极，同时由于导磁振膜37具有导磁性，使得磁感线为图中箭头所示方向。由于导磁振膜37受到两个第一磁钢331的磁力方向相反，使得导磁振膜37可以平衡的悬置在两个第一磁钢331之间。
在图7所示的实施例中，位于导磁振膜37上方的第一磁钢331和位于导磁振膜37下方的第一磁钢331均为上端为N极、下端为S极，同时位于上方第一磁钢331外侧的线圈332的电流方向为左侧进、右侧出，位于下方第一磁钢331外侧的线圈332的电流方向为右侧进、左侧出，即两个线圈332的电流方向相反。根据安培定则，确定位于导磁振膜37上方的线圈332中，上端为S极、下端为N级，位于导磁振膜37下方的线圈332中，上端为N极、下端为S级。
导磁振膜37的相对两侧被上方第一磁钢331和下方第一磁钢331磁化产 生极性，导磁振膜37的上侧为N极，下侧为S极；上方线圈332的下端为N极与导磁振膜37的上侧同性相斥，下方线圈332的上端为N极与导磁振膜37的下侧异性相吸，使得导磁振膜37在两个叠加力的作用下，向下形变产生振动，从而进一步提高该发声装置10的电声转换效率。
从另一角度考虑，如图6所示，两个线圈不通电时，导磁振膜中的磁通量为ΦA＝Φ g1+Φ g2＝Φ g+(-Φ g)≈0；其中，φ g1为上方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量，φ g1的方向定义为正方向，Φ g2为下方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量，下方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量与上方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量大小相同、方向相反，其方向为负方向。
如图7所示，两个线圈通入反向电流时，导磁振膜37受到上方高音磁路组件33的磁通量为：φ 1＝φ g1+φ i1＝φ g+(-φ i)，其中，上方线圈332电流产生的磁通量方向与上方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量方向相反，为负方向。
导磁振膜37受到下方高音磁路组件33的磁通量为：φ 2＝φ g2+φ i2＝(-φ g)+(-φ i)，下方线圈332电流产生的磁通量方向与下方第一磁钢331产生的磁通量方向相同，为负方向。
因此，导磁振膜37受到上方高音磁路组件33的磁通量φ 1＜导磁振膜37受到下方高音磁路组件33的磁通量φ 2。
[根据细则91更正 26.02.2022]　
并且，两个线圈332通入反向电流时，ΦA'＝φ 1+φ 2＝φ g+(-φ i)+(-φ g)+(-φ i)＝-2φ i，若此通电状态末状态，不通电位初始状态，导磁振膜37中的磁通量变化量为：△φ＝ΦA'-ΦA＝-2Φi-0=-2Φi。导磁振膜37受到的电磁力Fφ与磁通量变化率成正比，即Fφ与△φ/△t＝-2φ i/△t成正比。
在图7所示实施例中，电磁力Fφ推动导磁振膜37向靠近下方高音磁路组件33运动。同样地，在导磁振膜37上下的线圈332电流方向为图7所示相反方向时，通过上述推导过程可知，导磁振膜37受到上方高音磁路组件33的磁通量φ 1'＞导磁振膜37受到下方高音磁路组件33的磁通量φ 2'，并且，导磁振膜37受到的电磁力Fφ'与磁通量变化率成正比，即Fφ'与△φ'/△t＝2φ i/△t成正比。高音磁路组件33产生的电磁力推动导磁振膜37向靠近上方高音磁路组件33运动，从而可以通过控制线圈332中电流，控制导磁振膜37 振动发声。
低音磁路组件包括第二磁钢41以及固定于第二磁钢41的华司45，第二磁钢41与外壳20固定，华司45与导磁壳体31之间形成低音磁间隙47。可选地，如图1和图2所示，外壳20包括依次连接的前盖21、中壳22和后盖23，导磁壳体31与前盖21固定，第二磁钢41分别与前盖21以及中壳22固定，低音振膜42固定于后盖23。中壳22位于发声装置10的侧部，用于连接前盖21和后盖23且能够固定低音单元40的第二磁钢41，前盖21用于固定低音单元40的第二磁钢41以及高音单元30，后盖23用于固定低音单元40的振动系统。前盖21的设置使得高音单元30能够嵌入低音单元40中，结构紧凑，减小了发声装置10的占用空间。
如图1、图3和图4所示，导磁壳体31包括互相拼合的第一导磁壳311和第二导磁壳312，第一导磁壳311与前盖21固定，导磁振膜37设置在第一导磁壳311和第二导磁壳312之间，两个高音磁路组件33分别设置在第一导磁壳311和导磁振膜37围绕的空间内、以及第二导磁壳312和导磁振膜37围绕的空间内。第一导磁壳311位于第二导磁壳312的上侧，第一导磁壳311的上端与前盖21固定，其余部分悬置在外壳20内部。第一导磁壳311和第二导磁壳312的侧部分别与第一磁钢331间隔设置，第一磁钢331可为间隔套设在高音单元30外侧的环状结构，增加了低音单元40的磁通量。
具体地，第一导磁壳311包括顶壁3111和自顶壁3111延伸的第一侧壁3112，第二导磁壳312包括底壁3121和自底壁3121延伸的第二侧壁3122，第一侧壁3112和第二侧壁3122互相拼合形成导磁侧围，导磁侧围与第二磁钢41之间形成低音磁间隙47；两个高音磁路组件33中一个高音磁路组件33的第一磁钢331设于顶壁3111上并与第一侧壁3112之间形成第一间隙，另一个高音磁路组件33的第一磁钢331设于底壁3121上并与第二侧壁3122之间形成第二间隙，两个线圈332分别设置于第一间隙和第二间隙内。即由外至内，第一侧壁3112、一线圈332和一第一磁钢331依次套设，第二侧壁3122、另一线圈332和另一第一磁钢331依次套设。第一磁钢331可以直接贴设在顶壁3111或底壁3121上，同时线圈332可以绕制在第一磁钢331上，也可以预先绕制后贴设在顶壁3111或底壁3121上。高音磁路组件33的各部件通过依次套设，从而有效减小发声装置10高音单元30的尺寸。第一侧壁3112 和第二侧壁3122分别从所述导磁振膜37的相对两侧固定所述导磁振膜37，即导磁振膜37的边沿可通过打胶、焊接等方式固设在第一侧壁3112或第二侧壁3122的端部，再将第一导磁壳311和第二导磁壳312配合盖设固定，从而方便产品组装。同时由于导磁振膜37直接通过第一导磁壳311和第二导磁壳312固定，使得导磁振膜37与高音磁路组件33之间未设置其他固定部件，导磁振膜37和高音磁路组件33之间的磁场分布不受其他固定部件影响，有利于提升声电转换效率。
进一步地，前盖21开设有通孔211，顶壁3111包括壁本体3113以及自壁本体3113的边缘向导磁振膜37的方向凹陷形成的第一台阶3114，前盖21沿通孔211外周的部分卡置在第一台阶3114上，以使壁本体3113露出于通孔211，第一磁钢331开设有开口朝向导磁振膜37的气流通道35，顶壁3111上开设有连通气流通道35的高音出声孔36。第一台阶3114的便于前盖21和高音单元30之间的装配，通孔211的设置可使得高音出声孔36露出，通过开设高音出声孔36，导磁振膜37在导磁壳体31内振动，导磁振膜37推动的气流可以通过气流通道35和高音出声孔36传到外部。在一实施例中，底壁3121上对应气流通道35开设有第一通气孔38，高音出声孔36、气流通道35和低音出声孔38位于同一轴线上。从而有利于保持高音单元30和低音单元内的气压平衡。
高音磁路组件33还包括设于气流通道35内的传音导磁体333，传音导磁体333内分布有若干孔隙结构。传音导磁体333为导磁件，从而可增加高音磁路组件33的导磁性，由于分布有孔隙结构，使得导磁壳体31内的空气可以通过孔隙结构与外部连通，导磁振膜37推动的气流依然可以通过孔隙结构传到外部。在本实施例中，第一磁钢331和传音导磁体333为分别独立设置的部件，传音导磁体333可以为泡沫铁镍。在其他实施例中，第一磁钢331和传音导磁体333也可以为一体成型结构。
本实施例的导磁振膜37为平面导磁振膜37。相较于现有技术中具有折环结构的振膜，本实施例提供的平面导磁振膜37可以减小发声装置10的尺寸。具体地，导磁振膜37包括金属主体，金属主体包括不锈钢、硅钢、碳素钢、铁镍合金、铁钴钒合金、软磁铁氧体中的一种或多种。相较于橡胶材质或纸质的振膜，金属主体振动时，发出的音质具有金属质感。导磁振膜37还包括 设于金属主体上的阻尼层，所述阻尼层可以是阻尼胶或者聚酯膜等高分子聚合物，还可以是聚氨酯等树脂材质。通过阻尼层可以调节导磁振膜37的阻尼性，有利于导磁振膜37振动的平衡，带来更加细腻的听感。在另一实施例中，所述导磁振膜37包括基材和设于所述基材上的导磁层，所述基材为金属或非金属、弹性体或非弹性体中任意一种，所述导磁层为镍、铁镍合金、铁磷合金等具有软磁性质的粉末通过镀覆、沉积、磁控溅射等设置于基材上。
更具体地，如图2所示，前盖21上开设有与低音磁间隙47互相连通的低音出声孔212，低音出声孔212与低音磁间隙47对应设置。高音单元30正对耳机整机出音方向，低音单元40的出音路径是低音振膜42下方磁路间隙在由低音出声孔212流出。低音出声孔212的数量可为多个，以进一步提高低音单元40的低频性能。
低音单元40还包括定心支片48，定心支片48分别与低音振膜42以及中壳22固定。定心支片48一端可固定在低音音圈43远离低音振膜42的端部，另一端固定在中壳22上，可保证低音振动状态线性平衡，抑制偏振。
如图5(图5为去除前盖和高音单元的发声装置的剖面示意图)所示，中壳22的内侧形成有第二台阶221和第三台阶222，第二磁钢41夹设在前盖21和第二台阶221之间，低音单元40还包括华司45，华司45夹设在第二台阶221和第三台阶222之间。第三台阶222位于第二台阶221的下方，不仅便于低音单元40的装配且结构紧凑牢固。华司45与第二磁钢41的形状匹配，全部贴设在第二磁钢41上，进一步提高了低音单元40的磁通量。
在一实施例中，后盖23包括底盖部231和绕底盖部231周向环绕的侧盖部232，低音单元40还包括位于低音振膜42与底盖部231之间的被动辐射膜46，被动辐射膜46与低音振膜42对应设置，被动辐射膜46的边缘固定在侧盖部232形成的第四台阶2321上。底盖部231与高音振膜背向设置，底盖部231具有保护、防尘等作用。被动辐射膜46分别与低音振膜42和底盖部231间隔设置，当低音振膜42振动时，低音振膜42位于被动辐射膜46之间产生的气压被压缩或扩展，在气压变化的作用下，被动辐射膜46产生振动，便于低频信号的扩散，可提升低音的量感，还能降低谐振频率，可以有效提升发声装置10的低频性能。底盖部231可保护被动辐射膜46，防止被动辐射振膜因意外被刮伤或碰撞，同时底盖部231上可开设第二通气孔，可将被动辐射 膜46与底盖部231之间的气流及时疏通，保证内外气压平衡。
侧盖部232还形成有第五台阶2322，低音振膜42通过固定环44固定在第五台阶2322上。低音振膜42的边缘固定夹设在侧盖部232的第五台阶2322和固定环44之间，固定环44将低音振膜42稳定地固定在侧盖部232上，增强了发声装置10的整体结构的强度。在侧盖部232远离底盖部231的一端形成有装配耳2323，中壳22的外侧形成有第六台阶223，第六台阶223与该装配耳2323固定，装配耳2323可用于将整个发生单体装配至耳机的主体上。
此外，本发明还提供了一种耳机，耳机包括如上的发声装置10。由于该耳机采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述发声装置包括：
    外壳；
    高音单元，所述高音单元与所述外壳固定且位于所述外壳内，所述高音单元包括导磁壳体、以及设于所述导磁壳体内的导磁振膜和高音磁路系统，所述导磁振膜悬置于所述高音磁路系统中，所述高音磁路系统用于产生交变电磁场以驱动所述导磁振膜振动；
    低音单元，所述低音单元与所述外壳固定且位于所述外壳内，所述低音单元包括低音磁路组件、低音振膜以及与所述低音振膜连接的低音音圈，所述低音磁路组件与所述导磁壳体之间形成供所述低音音圈插入的低音磁间隙，所述低音单元和高音单元同轴设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述高音磁路系统包括两个相对间隔设置的高音磁路组件，所述导磁振膜悬置于两个所述高音磁路组件之间，所述高音磁路组件包括贴设在所述导磁壳体上第一磁钢和绕所述第一磁钢设置的线圈。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述外壳包括依次连接的前盖、中壳和后盖，所述导磁壳体与所述前盖固定，所述低音磁路组件分别与所述前盖以及所述中壳固定，所述低音振膜固定于所述后盖。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述导磁壳体包括互相拼合的第一导磁壳和第二导磁壳，所述第一导磁壳与所述前盖固定，所述导磁振膜设置在所述第一导磁壳和所述第二导磁壳之间，两个所述高音磁路组件分别设置在所述第一导磁壳和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内、以及所述第二导磁壳和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一导磁壳包括顶壁和自所述顶壁延伸的第一侧壁，所述第二导磁壳包括底壁和自所述底壁延 伸的第二侧壁，所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁互相拼合形成导磁侧围，所述导磁侧围与所述低音磁路组件之间形成所述低音磁间隙；两个所述高音磁路组件中一个所述高音磁路组件的第一磁钢设于所述顶壁上并与所述第一侧壁之间形成第一间隙，另一个所述高音磁路组件的第一磁钢设于所述底壁上并与所述第二侧壁之间形成第二间隙，两个所述线圈分别设置于所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙内。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述前盖开设有通孔，所述顶壁包括壁本体以及自所述壁本体的边缘向所述导磁振膜的方向凹陷形成的第一台阶，所述前盖沿所述通孔外周的部分卡置在所述第一台阶上，以使所述壁本体露出于所述通孔，所述第一磁钢开设有开口朝向所述导磁振膜的气流通道，所述顶壁上开设有连通所述气流通道的高音出声孔。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述前盖上开设有与所述低音磁间隙互相连通的低音出声孔。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述低音单元还包括定心支片，所述定心支片分别与所述低音振膜以及所述中壳固定。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述低音磁路组件包括第二磁钢以及固定于所述第二磁钢的华司，所述第二磁钢与所述外壳固定。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述中壳的内侧形成有第二台阶和第三台阶，所述第二磁钢夹设在所述前盖和所述第二台阶之间，所述低音单元还包括华司，所述华司夹设在所述第二磁钢和所述第三台阶之间。
  11. 如权利要求3～10中任一项所述的所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述后盖包括底盖部和绕所述底盖部周向环绕的侧盖部，低音单元还包括位于所述低音振膜与所述底盖部之间的被动辐射膜，所述被动辐射膜与所述低音 振膜对应设置，所述被动辐射膜的边缘固定在所述侧盖部形成的第四台阶上。
  12. 一种耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机包括如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的发声装置。
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