WO2022166376A1 - 发声单体 - Google Patents

发声单体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166376A1
WO2022166376A1 PCT/CN2021/136263 CN2021136263W WO2022166376A1 WO 2022166376 A1 WO2022166376 A1 WO 2022166376A1 CN 2021136263 W CN2021136263 W CN 2021136263W WO 2022166376 A1 WO2022166376 A1 WO 2022166376A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
sound
magnetic circuit
diaphragm
conductive diaphragm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/136263
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王苗苗
郭晓冬
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022166376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166376A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/024—Manufacturing aspects of the magnetic circuit of loudspeaker or microphone transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2231/00—Details of apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor covered by H04R31/00, not provided for in its subgroups
    • H04R2231/001—Moulding aspects of diaphragm or surround
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/027—Diaphragms comprising metallic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, in particular to a sound-generating monomer.
  • Micro-speakers are often required to be installed in existing electronic devices, and most of the existing micro-speakers are energized through the voice coil, so that the voice coil moves in the gap, so that the voice coil drives the diaphragm to vibrate. During the vibrating and sounding process of the diaphragm, the voice coil and the diaphragm move together, resulting in large vibration quality, poor high-frequency sound quality, and low electro-acoustic conversion efficiency.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a sound-generating unit, which aims to solve at least one technical problem in the existing speaker structure.
  • the sound-generating unit includes a housing with an accommodation space, a magnetic conductive diaphragm and two magnetic circuit systems arranged in the accommodation space, between the two magnetic circuit systems.
  • a vibration space is formed, the magnetic conductive vibration film is arranged in the vibration space and is respectively arranged opposite to the two magnetic circuit systems, and the magnetic conductive vibration film is used for the alternating electromagnetic field generated in the magnetic circuit system
  • the shell is provided with a sound outlet, the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic conducting core opposite to the sound outlet, and a plurality of magnetic conducting cores are formed in the The acoustic hole and the pore structure of the vibration space.
  • the magnetic circuit system further includes a magnetic steel and a coil arranged around the magnetic steel, and the magnetic conductive core is arranged in the magnetic steel.
  • an air flow channel is provided in the magnetic steel, one end of the air flow channel is opened to face the magnetic conductive diaphragm, the air flow channel communicates with the sound outlet and the vibration space, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm is connected.
  • a core is disposed within the airflow channel.
  • the sound outlet, the magnetic steel, the magnetic conductive core, the magnetic steel and the coil are coaxially arranged.
  • the magnetic conductive core is foamed iron nickel.
  • the magnetization directions of the magnetic steels of the two magnetic circuit systems are the same, and the current directions of the coils of the two magnetic circuit systems are opposite.
  • the housing includes a first magnetic yoke and a second magnetic yoke that cooperate to form the receiving space, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm is arranged between the first magnetic yoke and the second magnetic yoke,
  • the two magnetic circuit systems are respectively disposed in the space surrounded by the first magnetic yoke and the magnetically conductive diaphragm, and in the space surrounded by the second magnetic yoke and the magnetically conductive diaphragm.
  • the first yoke includes a top wall and a first side wall extending from the top wall
  • the second yoke includes a bottom wall and a second side wall extending from the bottom wall
  • two The magnetic steels of the magnetic circuit system are respectively attached to the top wall and the bottom wall, a first magnetic gap is formed between one of the magnetic steels and the first side wall, and the other magnetic steel is connected to the first side wall.
  • a second magnetic gap is formed between the second side walls, and the coils of the two magnetic circuit systems are respectively arranged in the first magnetic gap and the second magnetic gap.
  • first side wall and the second side wall respectively fix the magnetic conductive diaphragm from opposite sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm is a planar magnetic conductive diaphragm.
  • the energization of the coil can be controlled, so that the magnetic circuit system can generate an alternating electromagnetic field, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm can vibrate in the vibration space under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field, saving energy.
  • To set the voice coil connected to the diaphragm so that only the magnetic conductive diaphragm vibrates, and the vibration component to be driven by the magnetic circuit system has a small mass, which can improve the high-frequency performance and the acousto-electric conversion efficiency;
  • the magnetic circuit system increases the magnetism of the magnetic circuit system while ensuring smooth airflow between the vibration space and the sound outlet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of a sounding monomer of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of an embodiment of the sounding monomer of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the coil of an embodiment of the present invention when the coil is not energized;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of force analysis when the coil of an embodiment of the sounding monomer of the present invention is energized.
  • label name label name 10 sounding unit 1 case 11 first yoke 111 top wall 113 first side wall 12 sound hole 13 second yoke 131 bottom wall 133 second side wall 2 Magnetic parts 3 Magnetic diaphragm 5 Magnetic circuit system 51 magnetic steel 52 airflow channel 53 coil 55 Magnetic core
  • the present invention provides a sound-generating unit 10 .
  • the technical solution of the present invention proposes a sound-generating unit 10, the sound-generating unit 10 includes a housing 1 having an accommodation space, a magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 and two magnetic Circuit system 5, a vibration space is formed between the two magnetic circuit systems 5, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is arranged in the vibration space and is respectively arranged opposite to the two magnetic circuit systems 5.
  • the magnetic diaphragm 3 is used to vibrate and emit sound under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit system 5 .
  • the housing 1 is provided with a sound outlet hole 12
  • the magnetic circuit system 5 includes a sound outlet hole 12 .
  • the magnetic conductive core 55 is arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of pore structures are formed in the magnetic conductive core 55 for connecting the sound outlet hole 12 and the vibration space.
  • the voice coil is connected to the diaphragm, and the voice coil is inserted into the magnetic gap. After the voice coil is energized, under the action of the magnetic field, the voice coil reciprocates in the magnetic gap to push the diaphragm to vibrate.
  • the difference between the present invention and the structure in which the voice coil pushes the diaphragm to produce sound in the prior art is that the voice coil connected to the magnetically conductive diaphragm 3 is not provided in the present invention.
  • the magnetic circuit system 5 located on both sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 generates an alternating electromagnetic field. Vibration and sound are generated in the vibration space formed between the magnetic circuit systems 5 . During the sounding process of the sounding unit 10, only the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 moves.
  • a plurality of pore structures are arranged in the magnetic conducting core 55, so that the air flow can flow between the sound outlet 12 and the vibration space through the pore structure, which is beneficial to the sound transmission generated by the magnetic conducting diaphragm 3, and is beneficial to the air pressure balance in the accommodating space.
  • the magnetic conductive core formed with the pore structure in the present invention can have magnetism, so that in the magnetic circuit system of the same volume and material, the magnetic circuit system 5 with the pore structure is more The magnetic circuit system of the hollow ventilation channel is more magnetic.
  • the energization of the coil 53 can be controlled, so that the magnetic circuit system 5 generates an alternating electromagnetic field, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is in the alternating electromagnetic field.
  • the vibration circuit system 5 can vibrate in the vibration space, eliminating the need to set up a voice coil connected to the diaphragm, so that only the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 vibrates, and the vibration components to be driven by the magnetic circuit system 5 are of small mass, which can improve high-frequency performance and can improve Acoustic-electrical conversion efficiency:
  • the magnetic circuit system 5 By setting the magnetic circuit system 5 with several pore structures, the magnetic properties of the magnetic circuit system 5 are increased while ensuring smooth airflow between the vibration space and the sound outlet 12 .
  • the magnetic circuit system 5 further includes a magnetic steel 51 and a coil 53 arranged around the magnetic steel 51 , the magnetic conductive core 55 is arranged in the magnetic steel 51 , and the magnetic steel 51 is a permanent magnet.
  • the coils 53 located on both sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 are energized, an alternating electromagnetic field is generated by the interaction of the two magnetic circuit systems 5 .
  • the coil 53 and the magnetic steel 51 in the magnetic circuit system 5 may not move.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 When the coils 53 located on both sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 are not energized, the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is only affected by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic components 2 located on both sides. At this time, the magnetic size and shape of the two magnetic components 2 can be controlled. etc., so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 can remain stationary at a preset position in the vibration space.
  • the present invention arranges the coil 53 around the magnetic member 2, so that in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit system 5, the intensity of the permanent magnetic field in the central area is compared with that in the edge area.
  • the permanent magnetic field strength is greater, when the coil 53 is energized, the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field experienced by the central region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is greater than the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field received by the edge region of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3.
  • the magnetic conductive vibration The driving force received by the central region of the membrane 3 is greater than the driving force received by the edge regions of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3, so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is more likely to be affected by the alternating electromagnetic field to generate sound and vibrate.
  • the magnetic steel 51 is provided with an air flow channel 52, one end of the air flow channel 52 is opened to face the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3, and the air flow channel 52 communicates with the sound outlet 12 and the vibration space, so
  • the magnetic conductive core 55 is disposed in the airflow channel 52 .
  • the magnetic steel 51 and the magnetic conductive core 55 are separately provided components, and the magnetic conductive core 55 may be a magnetic conductive material having a foamed loose structure such as foamed iron and nickel. In other embodiments, the magnetic steel 51 and the magnetic conductive core 55 may also be integrally formed.
  • the sound outlet 12 , the magnetic steel 51 , the magnetic core 55 and the coil 53 are arranged coaxially, which is conducive to the balance of the magnetic field strength along the coaxial direction in the formed alternating electromagnetic field. In order to facilitate the vibration balance of the magnetic conductive core 55 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 wherein FIG. 3 is a force analysis diagram of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 in an embodiment when the coil 53 is not energized; FIG. 4 is a magnetic conductive vibration in an embodiment when the coil 53 is energized Force analysis diagram of membrane 3. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic steel 51 located above the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 and the magnetic steel 51 located below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 are both N-pole at the upper end and S-pole at the lower end, that is, the magnetic steel 51 has a
  • the magnetization direction is the same, the direction of the magnetic field line is from the N pole to the S pole, and the magnetic field line is the direction shown by the arrow in the figure because of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic permeable diaphragm 3 . Since the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is subjected to opposite directions of the magnetic forces of the two magnetic steels 51, the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 can be suspended between the two magnetic steels 51 in a balanced manner.
  • the magnetic steel 51 located above the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 and the magnetic steel 51 located below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 are both N-pole at the upper end and S-pole at the lower end, and are located at the upper magnetic steel at the same time.
  • the current direction of the coil 53 outside 51 is left in and right out, and the current direction of the coil 53 outside the lower magnetic steel 51 is right in and left out, that is, the current directions of the two coils 53 are opposite. According to Ampere's Law, it is determined that the upper end of the coil 53 above the magnetically conductive diaphragm 3 is S pole and the lower end is N-level.
  • the opposite sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 are magnetized by the upper magnetic steel 51 and the lower magnetic steel 51 to generate polarity.
  • the upper side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is the N pole, and the lower side is the S pole; the lower end of the upper coil 53 is the N pole.
  • the upper end of the lower coil 53 is N pole and the lower side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 attracts the opposite sex, so that under the action of the two superimposed forces, the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 moves toward the upper side of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3.
  • the lower deformation generates vibration, thereby further improving the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency of the sound-generating unit 10 .
  • the electromagnetic force F ⁇ pushes the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 to move toward the lower magnetic circuit system 5 .
  • the current direction of the coil 53 above and below the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is the opposite direction as shown in FIG.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is subjected to the magnetic flux of the upper magnetic circuit system 5 ⁇ 1 ′>magnetic conductive vibration
  • the electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic circuit system 5 pushes the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 to move closer to the upper magnetic circuit system 5 , so that the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 can be controlled to vibrate and sound by controlling the current in the coil 53 .
  • the housing 1 includes a first magnetic yoke 11 and a second magnetic yoke 13 that cooperate to form the receiving space, and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is disposed on the first magnetic yoke 11 and the second magnetic yoke 13 .
  • the two magnetic circuit systems 5 are respectively disposed in the space surrounded by the first magnetic yoke 11 and the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 , and the second magnetic yokes 13 and in the space surrounded by the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 .
  • the first magnetic yoke 11 and the second magnetic yoke 13 are magnetic conductive parts, the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is in direct contact with the magnetic conductive shell 1, and the magnetic circuit is more concentrated and complete, so that the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit system 5 can be concentrated in the shell In the body 1, it is beneficial to improve the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency.
  • the first magnetic yoke 11 includes a top wall 111 and a first side wall 113 extending from the top wall 111
  • the second magnetic yoke 13 includes a bottom wall 131 and a first side wall 113 extending from the bottom wall 131
  • the second side wall 133; the magnetic steel 51 of one of the two magnetic circuit systems 5 is disposed on the top wall 111 and forms a first gap with the first side wall 113
  • Another magnetic steel 51 of the magnetic circuit system 5 is disposed on the bottom wall 131 and forms a second gap with the second side wall 133
  • the sound outlet 12 is opened on the bottom wall 131 and the second side wall 133 . on the top wall 111 .
  • the two coils 53 are respectively arranged in the first gap and the second gap, that is, from the outside to the inside, the first side wall 113, a coil 53 and a magnetic steel 51 are sequentially sleeved, and the second side wall is 133.
  • Another coil 53 and another magnetic steel 51 are set in sequence.
  • the magnetic steel 51 can be directly attached to the top wall 111 or the bottom wall 113 , while the coil 53 can be wound on the magnetic steel 51 , or can be pre-wound and attached to the top wall 111 or the bottom wall 113 .
  • the components of the magnetic circuit system 5 are set in sequence, thereby effectively reducing the size of the sounding unit 10 .
  • the first side wall 113 and the second side wall 133 respectively fix the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 from opposite sides of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3, that is, the edge of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 can be It is fixed on the end of the first side wall 113 or the second side wall 133 by gluing, welding, etc., and then the first magnetic yoke 11 and the second magnetic yoke 13 are fixed together with the cover, and no other fixing structure is required. Fewer parts make product assembly easier.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is a planar magnetic conductive diaphragm.
  • the planar magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 provided in the present invention can reduce the size of the sounding unit 10 .
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 includes a metal body, and the metal body includes one or more of stainless steel S430, silicon steel, SPCC, iron-nickel alloy, iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, and soft ferrite.
  • the metal body vibrates, the sound quality emitted has a metallic texture.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 may further include a damping layer disposed on the metal body, and the damping layer may be an adhesive film layer, PEEK, TPU, TPEE, or the like.
  • the damping property of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 can be adjusted through the damping layer, which is beneficial to the balance of the vibration of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 and brings a more delicate hearing sense.
  • the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 includes a base material and a magnetic conductive layer disposed on the base material, and the base material is any one of metal or non-metal, elastomer or non-elastomeric body
  • the magnetic conductive layer is a powder with soft magnetic properties such as nickel, iron-nickel alloy, iron-phosphorus alloy, etc., which is disposed on the base material by plating, deposition, magnetron sputtering, and the like.
  • the thickness of the magnetic conductive diaphragm 3 is 10-40um, and the elastic modulus is more than 30GPa.
  • the present invention also provides an earphone, the earphone includes the sound generating unit 10 as described above.
  • the specific structure of the sounding unit 10 refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the earphone adopts all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments. Repeat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种发声单体，所述发声单体包括具有收容空间的壳体、以及设于所述收容空间的导磁振膜和两个磁路系统，两个所述磁路系统之间形成振动空间，所述导磁振膜设于所述振动空间内并分别与两个所述磁路系统相对间隔设置，所述导磁振膜用于在所述磁路系统产生的交变电磁场的作用下振动发声，所述壳体上开设有出声孔，所述磁路系统包括与所述出声孔相对设置导磁芯，所述导磁芯内形成有若干用于连通所述出声孔和所述振动空间的孔隙结构。本发明公开的发声单体具有若干孔隙结构，以避免在磁路系统的组件上开设通孔等通气结构，保证气流平衡的同时提高磁路系统的磁性。

Description

发声单体 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，特别涉及一种发声单体。
背景技术
现有电子设备中往往需要设置微型扬声器，现有的微型扬声器大多通过音圈通电，从而使得音圈在间隙内运动，以使得音圈驱动振膜振动。由于振膜振动发声的过程中，音圈和振膜一同运动，导致振动质量大，高频音质不好，且电声转换效率低。
因此，需要提供一种新型的发声单体，解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种发声单体，旨在解决现有扬声器结构中，的至少一个技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的所述发声单体包括具有收容空间的壳体、以及设于所述收容空间的导磁振膜和两个磁路系统，两个所述磁路系统之间形成振动空间，所述导磁振膜设于所述振动空间内并分别与两个所述磁路系统相对间隔设置，所述导磁振膜用于在所述磁路系统产生的交变电磁场的作用下振动发声，所述壳体上开设有出声孔，所述磁路系统包括与所述出声孔相对设置导磁芯，所述导磁芯内形成有若干用于连通所述出声孔和所述振动空间的孔隙结构。
可选地，所述磁路系统还包括磁钢和绕所述磁钢设置的线圈，所述导磁芯设置于所述磁钢内。
可选地，所述磁钢内设置有气流通道，所述气流通道的一端开口正对所述导磁振膜，所述气流通道连通所述出声孔和所述振动空间，所述导磁芯设置于所述气流通道内。
可选地，所述出声孔、所述磁钢、所述导磁芯、所述磁钢和所述线圈同轴设置。
可选地，所述导磁芯为泡沫铁镍。
可选地，两个所述磁路系统的磁钢的充磁方向相同，两个所述磁路系统的线圈的电流方向相反。
可选地，所述壳体包括配合形成所述收容空间的第一磁轭和第二磁轭，所述导磁振膜设置在所述第一磁轭和所述第二磁轭之间，两个所述磁路系统分别设置在所述第一磁轭和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内、以及所述第二磁轭和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内。
可选地，所述第一磁轭包括顶壁和自所述顶壁延伸的第一侧壁，所述第二磁轭包括底壁和自所述底壁延伸的第二侧壁；两个所述磁路系统的磁钢分别贴设在所述顶壁和所述底壁上，一个所述磁钢与所述第一侧壁之间形成第一磁间隙，另一个所述磁钢与所述第二侧壁之间形成第二磁间隙，两个所述磁路系统的线圈分别设置于所述第一磁间隙和所述第二磁间隙内。
可选地，所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁分别从所述导磁振膜的相对两侧固定所述导磁振膜。
可选地，所述导磁振膜为平面导磁振膜。
通过在导磁振膜的两侧设置磁路系统，从而可通过控制线圈的通电情况，使得磁路系统产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜在交变电磁场作用下可以在振动空间内振动，省去设置与振膜连接的音圈，使得仅导磁振膜振动，磁路系统所要驱动的振动部件质量小，能够提升高频性能，并且可以提高声电转换效率；通过设置具有若干孔隙结构的磁路系统，从而在保证振动空间与出声孔之间气流流通顺畅的同时，增大磁路系统的磁性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明发声单体一实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明发声单体一实施例的拆解结构示意图；
图3为本发明发声单体一实施例线圈不通电情况下的受力分析示意图；
图4为本发明发声单体一实施例线圈通电情况下的受力分析示意图。
实施例附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 发声单体 1 壳体
11 第一磁轭 111 顶壁
113 第一侧壁 12 出声孔
13 第二磁轭 131 底壁
133 第二侧壁 2 磁性件
3 导磁振膜 5 磁路系统
51 磁钢 52 气流通道
53 线圈 55 导磁芯
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是 以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提出一种发声单体10。
参照图1和2，本发明技术方案提出一种发声单体10，所述发声单体10包括具有收容空间的壳体1、以及设于所述收容空间的导磁振膜3和两个磁路系统5，两个所述磁路系统5之间形成振动空间，所述导磁振膜3设于所述振动空间内并分别与两个所述磁路系统5相对间隔设置，所述导磁振膜3用于在所述磁路系统5产生的交变电磁场的作用下振动发声，所述壳体1上开设有出声孔12，所述磁路系统5包括与所述出声孔12相对设置的导磁芯55，所述导磁芯55内形成有若干用于连通所述出声孔12和所述振动空间的孔隙结构。
现有技术中，音圈与振膜连接，音圈插入磁间隙中，音圈通电后在磁场的作用下，音圈在磁间隙内往复运动，以推动振膜振动。本发明与现有技术中音圈推动振膜发声的结构不同之处在于，在本发明中未设置与导磁振膜3连接的音圈。位于导磁振膜3两侧的磁路系统5产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜3直接在该交变电磁场的作用下，沿两个磁路系统5的连线方向移动，即在两个磁路系统5之间形成的振动空间内振动发声。在该发声单体10发声过程中，仅导磁振膜3运动。
导磁芯55中设置若干孔隙结构，使得气流可以通过该孔隙结构在出声孔12和振动空间之间流动，有利于导磁振膜3产生的声音传播，同时有利于收容空间内气压平衡。相较于现有技术中预留的中空通气通道，本发明中形成孔隙结构的导磁芯可以具有磁性，使得在相同体积和材料的磁路系统中，具有孔隙结构的磁路系统5比具有中空通气通道的磁路系统的磁性更大。
在本发明中，通过在导磁振膜3的两侧设置磁路系统5，从而可通过控制线圈53的通电情况，使得磁路系统5产生交变电磁场，导磁振膜3在交变电磁场作用下可以在振动空间内振动，省去设置与振膜连接的音圈，使得仅导磁振膜3振动，磁路系统5所要驱动的振动部件质量小，能够提升高频性能，并且可以提高声电转换效率；通过设置具有若干孔隙结构的磁路系统5，从而 在保证振动空间与出声孔12之间气流流通顺畅的同时，增大磁路系统5的磁性。
可选地，所述磁路系统5还包括磁钢51和绕所述磁钢51设置的线圈53，所述导磁芯55设置于所述磁钢51内，磁钢51为永磁体。位于导磁振膜3两侧的线圈53通电时，两个磁路系统5相互作用下产生交变电磁场。在该发声单体10发声过程中，仅导磁振膜3运动，磁路系统5中的线圈53和磁钢51可以不动。位于导磁振膜3两侧的线圈53不通电时，导磁振膜3仅受到位于两侧的磁性件2产生的磁场作用，此时可通过控制两个磁性件2的磁性大小、形状大小等，以使得导磁振膜3可在振动空间中的预设位置处保持静止。
相较于将线圈53设置在磁性件2内侧的设置方式，本发明通过将线圈53绕磁性件2设置，使得磁路系统5产生的磁场中，中心区域的永磁场强度相较于边沿区域的永磁场强度更大线圈53通电时，导磁振膜3的中心区域感受到的交变磁场的磁场强度大于导磁振膜3的边沿区域受到的交变磁场的磁场强度，因此，导磁振膜3的中心区域受到的驱动力大于导磁振膜3的边沿区域受到的驱动力，以使导磁振膜3更容易受交变电磁场作用而发声振动。
所述磁钢51内设置有气流通道52，所述气流通道52的一端开口正对所述导磁振膜3，所述气流通道52连通所述出声孔12和所述振动空间，，所述导磁芯55设置于所述气流通道52内。在本实施例中，磁钢51和导磁芯55为分别独立设置的部件，导磁芯55可以为泡沫铁镍等具有泡沫状疏松结构的导磁材料。在其他实施例中，磁钢51和导磁芯55也可以为一体成型结构。
在一实施例中，所述出声孔12、所述磁钢51、所述导磁芯55和所述线圈53同轴设置，有利于形成的交变电磁场中沿同轴方向磁场强度平衡，以有利于导磁芯55振动平衡。
可选地，两个所述磁路系统5的磁钢51的充磁方向相同，两个所述磁路系统5的线圈53的电流方向相反。请参阅图3和图4，其中图3为线圈53不通电情况下，一实施例中导磁振膜3的受力分析图；图4为线圈53通电情况下，一实施例中导磁振膜3的受力分析图。在图3所示的实施例中，位于导磁振膜3上方的磁钢51和位于导磁振膜3下方的磁钢51均为上端为N极、下端为S极，即磁钢51的充磁方向相同，磁感线所示方向由N极出来进入S极，同时由于导磁振膜3具有导磁性，使得磁感线为图中箭头所示方向。由 于导磁振膜3受到两个磁钢51的磁力方向相反，使得导磁振膜3可以平衡的悬置在两个磁钢51之间。
在图4所示的实施例中，位于导磁振膜3上方的磁钢51和位于导磁振膜3下方的磁钢51均为上端为N极、下端为S极，同时位于上方磁钢51外侧的线圈53的电流方向为左侧进、右侧出，位于下方磁钢51外侧的线圈53的电流方向为右侧进、左侧出，即两个线圈53的电流方向相反。根据安培定则，确定位于导磁振膜3上方的线圈53中，上端为S极、下端为N级，位于导磁振膜3下方的线圈53中，上端为N极、下端为S级。
导磁振膜3的相对两侧被上方磁钢51和下方磁钢51磁化产生极性，导磁振膜3的上侧为N极，下侧为S极；上方线圈53的下端为N极与导磁振膜3的上侧同性相斥，下方线圈53的上端为N极与导磁振膜3的下侧异性相吸，使得导磁振膜3在两个叠加力的作用下，向下形变产生振动，从而进一步提高该发声单体10的电声转换效率。
从另一角度考虑，如图3所示，两个线圈不通电时，导磁振膜中的磁通量为ΦA＝Φ g1+Φ g2＝Φ g+(-Φ g)≈0；其中，φ g1为上方磁钢51产生的磁通量，φ g1的方向定义为正方向，Φ g2为下方磁钢51产生的磁通量，下方磁钢51产生的磁通量与上方磁钢51产生的磁通量大小相同、方向相反，其方向为负方向。
如图4所示，两个线圈通入反向电流时，导磁振膜3受到上方磁路系统5的磁通量为：φ 1＝φ g1+φ i1＝φ g+(-φ i)，其中，上方线圈53电流产生的磁通量方向与上方磁钢51产生的磁通量方向相反，为负方向。
导磁振膜3受到下方磁路系统5的磁通量为：φ 2＝φ g2+φ i2＝(-φ g)+(-φ i)，下方线圈53电流产生的磁通量方向与下方磁钢51产生的磁通量方向相同，为负方向。
因此，磁振膜3受到上方磁路系统5的磁通量φ 1＜导磁振膜3受到下方磁路系统5的磁通量φ 2。
并且，两个线圈通入反向电流时，ΦA'＝φ 1+φ 2＝φ g+(-φ i)+(-φ g)+(-φ i)＝-2φ i，若此通电状态末状态，不通电位初始状态，导磁振膜3中的磁通量变化量为：△φ＝ΦA'-ΦA＝-2φ i-0＝-2φ i。
导磁振膜3受到的电磁力Fφ与磁通量变化率成正比，即Fφ与△φ/△t＝-2 φ i/△t成正比。在图4所示实施例中，电磁力Fφ推动导磁振膜3向靠近下方磁路系统5运动。同样地，在导磁振膜3上下的线圈53电流方向为图4所示相反方向时，通过上述推导过程可知，导磁振膜3受到上方磁路系统5的磁通量φ 1'＞导磁振膜3受到下方磁路系统5的磁通量φ 2'，并且，导磁振膜3受到的电磁力Fφ'与磁通量变化率成正比，即Fφ'与△φ'/△t＝2φ i/△t成正比。磁路系统5产生的电磁力推动导磁振膜3向靠近上方磁路系统5运动，从而可以通过控制线圈53中电流，控制导磁振膜3振动发声。
请再次参阅图1和2，所述壳体1包括配合形成所述收容空间的第一磁轭11和第二磁轭13，所述导磁振膜3设置在所述第一磁轭11和所述第二磁轭13之间，两个所述磁路系统5分别设置在所述第一磁轭11和所述导磁振膜3围绕的空间内、以及所述第二磁轭13和所述导磁振膜3围绕的空间内。第一磁轭11和第二磁轭13为导磁件，导磁振膜3直接与导磁的壳体1接触，磁回路更加集中、完整，从而使得磁路系统5的磁场可以集中于壳体1内，有利于提升电声转换效率。
可选地，所述第一磁轭11包括顶壁111和自所述顶壁111延伸的第一侧壁113，所述第二磁轭13包括底壁131和自所述底壁131延伸的第二侧壁133；两个所述磁路系统5中一个所述磁路系统5的磁钢51设置于所述顶壁111上并与所述第一侧壁113之间形成第一间隙，另一个所述磁路系统5的磁钢51设置于所述底壁131上并与所述第二侧壁133之间形成第二间隙，出声孔12开设于所述底壁131和所述顶壁111上。两个所述线圈53分别设置于所述第一间隙和所述第二间隙内，即有外至内，第一侧壁113、一线圈53和一磁钢51依次套设，第二侧壁133、另一线圈53和另一磁钢51依次套设。磁钢51可以直接贴设在顶壁111或底壁113上，同时线圈53可以绕制在磁钢51上，也可以预先绕制后贴设在顶壁111或底壁113上。磁路系统5的各部件通过依次套设，从而有效减小发声单体10尺寸。
可选地，所述第一侧壁113和所述第二侧壁133分别从所述导磁振膜3的相对两侧固定所述导磁振膜3，即导磁振膜3的边沿可通过打胶、焊接等方式固设在第一侧壁113或第二侧壁133的端部，再将第一磁轭11和第二磁轭13配合盖设固定，无需设置其他固定结构，零部件较少，从而方便产品组装。同时由于导磁振膜3直接通过第一磁轭11和第二磁轭13固定，使得导磁振 膜3与磁路系统5之间未设置其他固定部件，导磁振膜3和磁路系统5之间的磁场分布不受其他固定部件影响，不需要单独部件支撑磁路系统5，可以减小导磁振膜3与磁路系统5的间隙，有利于提升声电转换效率。
在一实施例中，所述导磁振膜3为平面导磁振膜。相较于现有技术中具有折环结构的振膜，本发明中提供的平面导磁振膜3可以减小发声单体10的尺寸。具体地，所述导磁振膜3包括金属主体，所述金属主体包括不锈钢S430、硅钢、SPCC、铁镍合金、铁钴钒合金、软磁铁氧体中的一种或多种。相较于橡胶材质或纸质的振膜，金属主体振动时，发出的音质具有金属质感。所述导磁振膜3还可以包括设于所述金属主体上的阻尼层，所述阻尼层可以是胶膜层、PEEK、TPU、TPEE等。通过阻尼层可以调节导磁振膜3的阻尼性，有利于导磁振膜3振动的平衡，带来更加细腻的听感。在另一实施例中，所述导磁振膜3包括基材和设于所述基材上的导磁层，所述基材为金属或非金属、弹性体或非弹性体中任意一种，所述导磁层为镍、铁镍合金、铁磷合金等具有软磁性质的粉末通过镀覆、沉积、磁控溅射等设置于基材上。所述导磁振膜3的厚度为10～40um，弹性模量为30GPa以上。
本发明还提供了一种耳机，所述耳机包括如上述的发声单体10。
该发声单体10的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于本耳机采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发声单体，其特征在于，所述发声单体包括具有收容空间的壳体、以及设于所述收容空间的导磁振膜和两个磁路系统，两个所述磁路系统之间形成振动空间，所述导磁振膜设于所述振动空间内并分别与两个所述磁路系统相对间隔设置，所述导磁振膜用于在所述磁路系统产生的交变电磁场的作用下振动发声，所述壳体上开设有出声孔，所述磁路系统包括与所述出声孔相对设置导磁芯，所述导磁芯内形成有若干用于连通所述出声孔和所述振动空间的孔隙结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述磁路系统还包括磁钢和绕所述磁钢设置的线圈，所述导磁芯设置于所述磁钢内。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述磁钢内设置有气流通道，所述气流通道的一端开口正对所述导磁振膜，所述气流通道连通所述出声孔和所述振动空间，所述导磁芯设置于所述气流通道内。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述导磁芯为泡沫铁镍。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述出声孔、所述磁钢、所述导磁芯和所述线圈同轴设置。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的发声单体，其特征在于，两个所述磁路系统的磁钢的充磁方向相同，两个所述磁路系统的线圈的电流方向相反。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述壳体包括配合形成所述收容空间的第一磁轭和第二磁轭，所述导磁振膜设置在所述第一磁轭和所述第二磁轭之间，两个所述磁路系统分别设置在所述第一磁轭和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内、以及所述第二磁轭和所述导磁振膜围绕的空间内。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述第一磁轭包括顶壁和自所述顶壁延伸的第一侧壁，所述第二磁轭包括底壁和自所述底壁延伸的第二侧壁；两个所述磁路系统的磁钢分别贴设在所述顶壁和所述底壁上，一个所述磁钢与所述第一侧壁之间形成第一磁间隙，另一个所述磁钢与所述第二侧壁之间形成第二磁间隙，两个所述磁路系统的线圈分别设置于所述第一磁间隙和所述第二磁间隙内。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁分别从所述导磁振膜的相对两侧固定所述导磁振膜。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的发声单体，其特征在于，所述导磁振膜为平面导磁振膜。
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