WO2022166053A1 - 一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物 - Google Patents

一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166053A1
WO2022166053A1 PCT/CN2021/098777 CN2021098777W WO2022166053A1 WO 2022166053 A1 WO2022166053 A1 WO 2022166053A1 CN 2021098777 W CN2021098777 W CN 2021098777W WO 2022166053 A1 WO2022166053 A1 WO 2022166053A1
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Prior art keywords
air
air supply
house
fresh air
displacement ventilation
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PCT/CN2021/098777
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴捷
沈景华
陈守恭
彭旭辉
田雨
李东会
韩冬辰
田真
徐樑
薛朝阳
张洁
李晓晗
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苏州大学
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Publication of WO2022166053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166053A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of house construction, and particularly relates to a displacement ventilation type building with soft air supply.
  • displacement ventilation The principle of displacement ventilation is based on the rise of hot air and the fall of cold air due to the difference in air density.
  • the air is supplied from the bottom of the room at a wind speed of less than 0.2m/s, which is lower than the indoor air temperature.
  • Displacement ventilation systems have been used in industrial buildings with high heat loads in Europe for more than 40 years. In 1978, a foundry in Berlin, Germany, first adopted a displacement ventilation system. In the past 30 years, displacement ventilation systems have gradually become popular in non-industrial buildings in Nordic countries, such as office buildings, schools, theaters, etc., such as the Copenhagen Grand Theater in Denmark.
  • the air supply volume and air supply area of displacement ventilation are relatively large, and the volume of its terminal device is relatively large.
  • the diffuser divides the air outlet direction into multi-directional flow, and is generally used in the air supply openings in large areas such as halls, so that the fresh air can be distributed evenly.
  • the diffuser has a strong blowing feeling, and the comfort needs to be further improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a displacement ventilation type building with soft air supply. Achieving uniform and slow air supply to avoid turbulence.
  • a kind of displacement ventilation type building with soft air supply comprising:
  • the air supply system is used for inputting fresh air into the interior of the house, the air supply system includes a fresh air outlet communicating with the interior of the house, and the fresh air outlet is located at a position lower than the The position of the mouth and nose of the human body in the personnel gathering area, the fresh air sending end is a fiber cloth air duct;
  • the exhaust system is used to discharge the air containing turbid air inside the house, the exhaust system includes a turbid air receiving end communicated with the interior of the house, and the turbid air receiving end is located The position is higher than the position of the mouth and nose of the human body in the said personnel gathering area;
  • a cooling and heating system includes an indoor cooling and heating device for cooling or heating the interior of the house to a set temperature, and an indoor cooling and heating device for cooling or heating the fresh air sent by the air supply system The fresh air cooling and heating device below the set temperature.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is installed in the interior of the house.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is concealed in a strip-shaped air supply groove inside the house body.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is close to the bottom floor of the inner space of the house body.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is close to the bottom side of the inner space of the house body.
  • the air supply system further includes an air supply fan for feeding air into the room with positive pressure
  • the exhaust system further includes an exhaust fan for extracting negative air pressure out of the room.
  • the air supply system also includes an air filter for filtering suspended particles, a sterilizing device for sterilizing and sterilizing, and a dehumidifying device for removing moisture.
  • the house body is a sealed thermal insulation house
  • the sealed thermal insulation house includes a bottom, a wall and a top
  • the bottom of the sealed thermal insulation house includes the ground and a ground thermal insulation layer disposed outside the ground
  • the The wall of the sealed thermal insulation house includes a wall and a wall thermal insulation layer arranged outside the wall
  • the top of the sealed thermal insulation house comprises a roof and a roof thermal insulation layer arranged on the outside of the roof.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the displacement ventilation type building with soft air supply disclosed in the present invention, the fiber fabric air duct (Sos system) is introduced into the fresh air system of the passive house, As a lower air supply duct slot, it can achieve uniform and slow air supply and avoid turbulent flow.
  • Sos system fiber fabric air duct
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of indoor smoke distribution during displacement ventilation in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is the composition block diagram of the building in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the airflow flow of the building in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the airflow of the building in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relational word determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present disclosure, and does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure, and should not be construed as a reference to the present disclosure. public restrictions.
  • terms such as “fixed connection”, “connected”, “connected”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it may be a fixed connection, an integral connection or a detachable connection; it may be directly connected, or through an intermediate connection. media are indirectly connected.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined according to specific situations, and should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure.
  • a soft air displacement ventilated building includes:
  • a room body 10 one or more band-shaped personnel gathering areas are distributed in the room body 10;
  • the air supply system 20 includes a fresh air sending end 21 that communicates with the interior of the house 10, the fresh air sending end 21 is located below the position of the mouth and nose of the human body in the band-shaped personnel gathering area, and the fresh air sending end 21 is a fiber cloth air pipe ;
  • the exhaust system 30 includes a turbid air receiving end 31 that communicates with the interior of the house 10 , the turbid air receiving end 31 is located higher than the position of the mouth and nose of the human body in the band-shaped personnel gathering area, and the fresh air sending end 21 is a fiber cloth air duct;
  • a cooling and heating system includes an indoor cooling and heating device 61 for cooling or heating the air in the house 10 to a set temperature, and an indoor cooling and heating device 61 for cooling or heating the fresh air sent by the air supply system 20 The fresh air cooling and heating device 62 below the set temperature.
  • a fiber fabric air duct (Sos system) is introduced into the fresh air system of the passive house as a lower air supply duct slot to achieve uniform and slow air supply and avoid turbulent flow.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is concealed in the strip-shaped air supply groove inside the house body 10 .
  • the fiber cloth air duct can also be exposed inside the house.
  • the fiber cloth air duct is close to the bottom floor of the interior space of the house body 10 . In other embodiments, the fiber cloth air duct may be close to the bottom side of the inner space of the house.
  • the air supply system 20 further includes an air supply fan 22 for feeding air into the room 10 under positive pressure
  • the exhaust system 30 further includes an exhaust fan 22 for extracting negative air pressure out of the room 10 .
  • Air blower 32 In other embodiments, the above-mentioned air supply fan is not provided, and only the exhaust fan is provided.
  • the air supply system 20 further includes an air filter (not shown in the figure) for filtering the suspended particles in the fresh air sent by the air supply system, and for sterilizing the fresh air sent by the air supply system
  • an air filter for filtering the suspended particles in the fresh air sent by the air supply system
  • sterilizing device for sterilization
  • a dehumidifying device for removing the humidity of the fresh air sent by the air supply system.
  • the indoor cooling and heating device 61 is a radiation cooling and heating device, and the radiation cooling and heating device is a cold and heat radiation floor or an electric blanket or the like.
  • the outlet of the fluid delivery device 51 is connected to the coils of the cooling and heating radiant floor.
  • the house 10 is a sealed thermal insulation house
  • the sealed thermal insulation house includes a bottom, a wall and a top
  • the bottom of the sealed thermal insulation house includes a ground 11 and a ground thermal insulation layer 12 disposed outside the ground 11
  • the wall of the sealed thermal insulation house includes a wall 13 and a wall thermal insulation layer 14 arranged outside the wall 13
  • the top of the sealed thermal insulation house includes a roof 15 and a roof thermal insulation layer 16 arranged outside the roof 15 .
  • the above-mentioned displacement ventilation building is a low-energy-consumption building, and the low-energy-consumption building further includes a ventilation heat recovery system 40 and an environmental source heat exchange system 50 .
  • the ventilation heat recovery system 40 includes an air supply conveying device 41 and an exhaust air conveying device 42 for heat exchange, the fresh air sending end 21 is communicated with the air supply conveying device 41, and the dirty gas receiving end 31 is connected with the exhaust air conveying device 41.
  • the wind conveying device 42 communicates.
  • the air supply conveying device 41 and the exhaust air conveying device 42 are pipes. Through the heat exchange between the air supply device and the air exhaust device, due to the realization of heat recovery, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the above-mentioned environmental source heat exchange system 50 includes a fluid conveying device 51 for exchanging heat with the natural environment, the inlet of the fluid conveying device 51 is communicated with the closed inner circulating fluid 52, and the fluid outputted by the fluid conveying device 51 is connected to the air in the house 10.
  • Carry out heat exchange and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air sent into the room 10, and the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 enters the coil of the cold and heat radiant floor and/or the fluid conveying device 51 outputs The fluid exchanges heat with the air supply conveying device.
  • a plurality of belt-shaped personnel gathering areas are distributed in the house body 10, and one or more fresh air outlet ends 21 are arranged under one side of each belt-shaped personnel gathering area, and two adjacent belt-shaped personnel gathering areas are arranged under one side.
  • One or more fresh air sending ends 21 are arranged between the band-shaped personnel gathering areas, one or more turbid air receiving ends 31 are arranged above or just above the other side of each band-shaped personnel gathering area, and the room 10 is divided into
  • the first vertical column space and the second vertical column space are alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, the band-shaped personnel gathering area is arranged in the first vertical column space, and the fresh air outlet end is arranged on the second vertical column.
  • the dirty gas receiving end is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
  • a band-shaped personnel gathering area is distributed in the house body, the fresh air sending end is set on the ground or the corner of the house body or the lower end of the wall, and the dirty gas receiving end is set on the top wall or the upper end of the wall of the house body .
  • the set temperature is the indoor temperature
  • the set temperature is 20°C-26°C
  • the temperature of the fresh air sent from the fresh air outlet 21 is not more than 3°C lower than the set temperature.
  • the set temperature may be other temperatures, as long as the temperature is suitable.
  • the upper surface of the indoor space of the house body 10 is a low thermal conductivity surface 17, and the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK).
  • the upper surface of the indoor space and the upper section of the side surface of the sealed and insulated house body are both low thermal conductivity surfaces.
  • the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is a surface of a low thermal conductivity material coating
  • the low thermal conductivity material coating is polystyrene particle thermal insulation mortar or aerogel thermal insulation material or inorganic fiber spray thermal insulation material.
  • the low thermal conductivity surface may be the surface of a low thermal conductivity material board body, and the low thermal conductivity material board body may be cork board, thermal insulation gypsum board, or glass fiber board.
  • the fresh air sending end 21 is arranged on the bottom floor of the room 10
  • the dirty gas receiving end 31 is arranged on the top of the room 10 .
  • the fresh air sending end is set on the ground or the corner of the house body or the lower end of the wall
  • the dirty gas receiving end is set on the bottom of the house body.
  • the low-energy building is a passive house or an ultra-low-energy building based on the passive house, a near-zero energy building, a zero-energy building, a zero-carbon building, a carbon-neutral building, and an energy-efficient building. one of the.
  • the air fed into the room 10 is firstly distributed uniformly in the lower part, then flows upward, encounters a heat source, is heated, flows upward slowly, and is drawn out of the room 10 at the upper part.
  • a heat source in order to avoid the diffusion of hot and dirty gas in the room, choose to arrange the fresh air outlet from the bottom between the strip-shaped personnel gathering areas. Diffusion on both sides to prevent the hot and dirty gas from one side from diffusing to the other side.
  • the cold air slowly warms up and rises, and reaches the top area of the ceiling together with the thermal pollution generated in the room.
  • the ceiling top area between different human bodies is discharged outdoors, and there is almost no polluting gas in the working area, avoiding indoor cross-infection and improving indoor environmental health. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of fresh air and reduce the demand for fresh air, thereby reducing energy consumption.
  • This method can use displacement ventilation in indoor winter, summer and plum rainy season (that is, the weather in southern China where dew condensation occurs in the room under natural conditions, also known as "Huangmeitian” or "Back to Nantian”), so that the fresh air and indoor hot polluted gas can be fed into the room. It will not mix and form a laminar flow, and the indoor hot dirty gas will rise to the ceiling area and be discharged into the room to avoid indoor cross-infection.
  • the fresh air In the summer cooling period, the fresh air is cooled (the temperature of the fresh air is less than 3°C lower than the room temperature) and sent in at a low speed from the bottom of the room. The fresh air slowly diffuses at the bottom of the room.
  • the outdoor fresh air is only filtered, and the heat exchanger (the fresh air temperature is less than 3°C lower than the room temperature) is directly fed into the indoor bottom at a low wind speed and slowly, forming a cold wind lake near the bottom, coupled with the floor heat radiation, the cold air is uniform Heated slowly rising, the formation of laminar flow.
  • the hot and turbid air exhaled by people also rises and is discharged outside the room above the room.
  • the purpose of adding thermal insulation coating on the surface of the ceiling is to prevent the hot and dirty gas from cooling down quickly and then mixing with other air after contacting the ceiling, reducing the residence time of the hot and dirty gas in the room and avoiding indoor cross-infection.
  • displacement ventilation the turbid air does not spread laterally in the bottom area of the room, and is directly brought to the upper part of the room by the updraft, creating a comfortable and healthy environment for the work area.
  • the rest is the same as the first embodiment, the difference is that there is a band-shaped personnel gathering area distributed in the room, and the fresh air sending end is set on the ground or the corner of the room or the lower end of the wall.
  • the gas receiving end is arranged on the top wall or the upper end of the wall of the house body.
  • the cold air with a velocity of less than 0.2m/s is sent down from the bottom of the indoor side, and through the heat radiation from the bottom and the heat provided by the indoor human body heat source, the cold air slowly warms up and rises, and the indoor generation
  • the hot dirt reaches the ceiling top area together, and then exits the room over the other side.
  • There is almost no polluting gas in the working area avoiding indoor cross-infection and improving the health of the indoor environment, which can effectively reduce the demand for fresh air and reduce energy consumption.
  • the buildings in the above-mentioned Embodiments 1 and 2 achieve indoor airflow control and discharge turbid air in time by regulating and controlling various factors such as indoor temperature, wind direction, and wind speed, that is, regulating and controlling the factors that affect the airflow, especially the path of turbid air. cross infection.
  • various factors such as indoor temperature, wind direction, and wind speed, that is, regulating and controlling the factors that affect the airflow, especially the path of turbid air. cross infection.
  • the specific technical measures are as follows:
  • the lower part slowly sends cold air (fresh air slightly lower than room temperature) passing through the heat exchanger at a wind speed of no more than 0.2m/s.
  • cold air fresh air slightly lower than room temperature
  • ground radiant heating is used instead of hot air to avoid turbulence and form an indoor "cold wind lake”.
  • ground radiation cooling is used to ensure a comfortable room temperature, and fresh air cooling is used to provide fresh air slightly lower than room temperature, so as to avoid turbulence and form a "cold wind lake”.
  • the return air outlet (air outlet) is as close as possible to the source of the turbid gas, and the shortest path is exhausted, but the short circuit between the air supply end and the air exhaust end should be avoided.

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Abstract

一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括房体（10）、向房体（10）内部输入新鲜空气的送风系统（20）以及将房体（10）内部含有浊气的空气排出的排风系统（30），房体（10）内设有室内制冷制热装置（61），房体（10）内分布有一个或多个人员聚集区，送风系统（20）包括与所述房体（10）内部连通的新风送出端（21）和用于调节新风温度的新风制冷制热装置（62），新风送出端（21）所在位置低于人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置，新风送出端（21）为纤维布风管；排风系统（30）包括与房体（10）内部连通的浊气接收端（31），浊气接收端（31）所在位置高于人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置。

Description

一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物 技术领域
本发明属于房屋建筑技术领域，具体涉及一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物。
背景技术
置换通风的原理是基于空气密度差形成的热空气上升和冷空气下降。以小于0.2m/s风速，低于室内空气温度从房间底部送风。置换通风系统应用于欧洲的高热负荷工业建筑已有40多年，1978年德国柏林的一家铸造车间首先采用了置换通风装置。近30年置换通风系统在北欧国家的非工业建筑中也逐渐流行起来,如写字楼、学校、剧院等，例如丹麦哥本哈根大剧院。在我国，清华大学对置换通风与混合通风(稀释通风)在供冷季运行情况进行了研究，得出置换通风更节能；同时对置换通风不同风量下颗粒分布进行了研究，结果表明，风量对不同粒径的颗粒分部影响很大，小粒径颗粒(PM2.5)在房间上部区域浓度比较大，大粒径颗粒(PM10)在房间下部区域浓度比较大。同济大学建立气流实验室对置换通风气流特性进行了试验分析研究，并通过改变围护结构的传热系数,简要分析其对气流组织的影响,提供了评价置换通风方式舒适性的参考数据；同时也开展了置换通风和冷却顶板复合系统的分析研究。东华大学多次参与法国LET实验室关于置换通风系统干扰因素的实验研究，例如水蒸气对置换通风系统性能的影响。华中科技大学学者应用CFD技术对置换通风系统的参数设计进行了研究，提出置换通风系统各项参数的确定方法，使得设计的系统既能保证室内较高的空气品质，又能防止出现垂直温差过大及吹风感等现象。随着计算流体力学在暖通中的应用，相应开展了大量置换通风流场、温度场、浓度场和含湿量分布的数值模拟的研究，取得了不少重要成果。参见图1，为置换通风时室内烟雾分布图。置换通风用新风置换全屋空气，排出屋内原来的空气，即借助室内人体热源的热羽流形成近似活塞流进行室内空气的置换。
现有技术中，置换通风的送风量和送风面积较大，它的末端装置体积相对来说也较大，置换通风散流器按照安装位置可以分为嵌入地板式散流器、贴壁式散流器等，散流器让出风口出风方向分成多向流动,一般用在大厅等大面积地方的送风口设置,以便新风分布均匀。但是散流器吹风感较强，舒适度有待于进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物。实现均匀慢速送风，避免紊流。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下的技术方案：一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括：
房体，所述房体内分布有一个或多个人员聚集区；
送风系统，所述送风系统用于向所述房体内部输入新鲜空气，所述送风系统包括与所述房体内部连通的新风送出端，所述新风送出端所在位置低于所述人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置，所述新风送出端为纤维布风管；
排风系统，所述排风系统用于将所述房体内部含有浊气的空气排出，所述排风系统包括与所述房体内部连通的浊气接收端，所述浊气接收端所在位置高于所述人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置；
制冷制热系统，所述制冷制热系统包括用于将所述房体内部制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置和用于将所述送风系统所送新风制冷或制热至低于所述设定温度的新风制冷制热装置。
进一步的，所述纤维布风管明装于所述房体内部。
进一步的，所述纤维布风管暗装于所述房体内部的条形送风槽内。
进一步的，所述纤维布风管靠近所述房体的内部空间的底部地面。
进一步的，所述纤维布风管靠近所述房体的内部空间的底部侧面。
进一步的,所述送风系统还包括用于将空气正压送入所述房体内的送风风机，所述排风系统还包括将空气负压抽出所述房体外的排风风机。
进一步的,所述送风系统还包括用于过滤悬浮微粒的空气过滤器、用于杀菌消毒的消毒装置以及用于除去湿气的除湿装置。
进一步的，所述房体为密封保温房体，所述密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，所述密封保温房体的底部包括地面和设于所述地面外侧的地面保温层，所述密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体和设于所述墙体外侧的墙体保温层，所述密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶和设于所述屋顶外侧的屋顶保温层。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明公开的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，在被动房的新风系统中引入纤维织物风管(索斯系统)，作为下送风管槽，实现均匀慢速送风，避免紊流。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为现有技术中置换通风时室内烟雾分布示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一中建筑物的组成方框图；
图3为本发明实施例一中建筑物的气流流动示意图；
图4为本发明实施例二中建筑物的气流流动示意图。
其中，10、房体；11、地面；12、地面保温层；13、墙体；14、墙体保温层； 15、屋顶；16、屋顶保温层；17、低导热表面；20、送风系统；21、新风送出端；22、送风风机；30、排风系统；31、浊气接收端；32、排风风机；40、通风热回收系统；41、送风输送装置；42、排风输送装置；50、环境源热交换系统；51、流体输送装置；52、封闭内循环流体；61、室内制冷制热装置；62、新风制冷制热装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。在本公开中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本公开的限制。本公开中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固定连接,也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义，不能理解为对本公开的限制。
以下为用于说明本发明的一较佳实施例，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例一
参见图2至图3，如其中的图例所示，一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，包括：
房体10，房体10内分布有一个或多个带状人员聚集区；
送风系统20，送风系统20包括与房体10内部连通的新风送出端21，新风送出端21所在位置低于带状人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置，新风送出端21为纤维布风管；
排风系统30，排风系统30包括与房体10内部连通的浊气接收端31，浊气接收端31所在位置高于带状人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置，新风送出端21为纤维布风管；
制冷制热系统，上述制冷制热系统包括对房体10内的空气进行制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置61和用于将送风系统20所送新风进行制冷或制热至低于设定温度的新风制冷制热装置62。
上述技术方案中，在被动房的新风系统中引入纤维织物风管(索斯系统)，作为下送风管槽，实现均匀慢速送风，避免紊流。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，纤维布风管暗装于房体10内部的条形送风槽内。在其他实施例中还可以是：纤维布风管明装于房体内部。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，纤维布风管靠近房体10的内部空间的底部地面。在其他实施例中还可以是：纤维布风管靠近房体的内部空间的底部侧面。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，送风系统20还包括用于将空气正压送入房体10内的送风风机22，排风系统30还包括将空气负压抽出房体10外的排风风机32。在其他实施例中还可以是：不设置上述送风风机，仅设置排风风机。
本实施例中优选的实施方式,送风系统20还包括用于过滤送风系统所送新风中悬浮微粒的空气过滤器(图中未示出)、用于对送风系统所送新风进行杀菌消 毒的消毒装置(图中未示出)以及用于除去送风系统所送新风湿气的除湿装置(图中未示出)。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，室内制冷制热装置61为辐射式制冷制热装置，该辐射式制冷制热装置为冷热辐射地板或电热毯等。流体输送装置51的出口与冷热辐射地板的盘管接通。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10为密封保温房体，该密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，密封保温房体的底部包括地面11和设于地面11外侧的地面保温层12，密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体13和设于墙体13外侧的墙体保温层14，密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶15和设于屋顶15外侧的屋顶保温层16。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，上述置换通风式建筑物为低能耗建筑物，低能耗建筑物还包括通风热回收系统40和环境源热交换系统50。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，通风热回收系统40包括进行热交换的送风输送装置41和排风输送装置42，新风送出端21与送风输送装置41连通，浊气接收端31与排风输送装置42连通。送风输送装置41和排风输送装置42为管道。通过送风装置与排风装置的热交换，由于实现热回收，节能环保。
上述环境源热交换系统50包括用于与自然环境进行热交换的流体输送装置51，流体输送装置51的入口与封闭内循环流体52连通，流体输送装置51输出的流体与房体10内的空气进行热交换和/或流体输送装置51输出的流体与送入房体10内的空气进行热交换，流体输送装置51输出的流体进入冷热辐射地板的盘管中和/或流体输送装置51输出的流体与送风输送装置进行热交换。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10内分布有多个带状人员聚集区，每个带状人员聚集区的一侧下方布置有一个或多个新风送出端21且相邻两个带状人员聚集区之间布置有一个或多个新风送出端21，每个带状人员聚集区的另一侧上方或正上方布置有一个或多个浊气接收端31，房体10内被划分为沿水平方向依次交替布置的第一竖立状柱形空间和第二竖立状柱形空间，带状人员聚集区布置 在第一竖立状柱形空间中，新风送出端布置在第二竖立状柱形空间中，浊气接收端布置在第一竖立状柱形空间中或第二竖立状柱形空间中。在其他实施例中还可以是：房体中分布有一个带状人员聚集区，新风送出端设于房体的地面或墙角或墙壁下端，浊气接收端设于房体的顶壁或墙壁上端。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，上述设定温度为室内温度，上述设定温度为20℃-26℃，新风送出端21送出的新风温度低于设定温度不超过3℃。在其他实施例中还可以是：设定温度为其他温度，只要温度适宜即可。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10的室内空间上表面为低导热表面17，低导热表面17的导热系数小于或等于0.1W/(mK)。在其他实施例中还可以是：密封保温房体的室内空间上表面和侧表面上段均为低导热表面。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，低导热表面17为低导热材质涂层的表面，低导热材质涂层为聚苯颗粒保温砂浆或气凝胶保温材料或无机纤维喷涂保温材料。在其他实施例中还可以是：低导热表面为低导热材质板体的表面，该低导热材质板体为软木板或保温石膏板或玻璃纤维板。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，房体10中分布有多个带状人员聚集区，新风送出端21设于房体10的底部地面，浊气接收端31设于房体10的顶部。在其他实施例中还可以是：房体中分布有一个所述带状人员聚集区时，新风送出端设于房体的地面或墙角或墙壁下端，浊气接收端设于所述房体的顶壁或墙壁上端。
本实施例中优选的实施方式，低能耗建筑物为被动房或基于被动房基础上的超低能耗建筑、近零能耗建筑、零能耗建筑、零碳建筑、碳中和建筑、产能房中的一者。
本实施例中优选的实施方式中，送入房体10内的空气先在下部均匀分布，随后向上流动，遇到热源，受热，缓缓向上流动，并在上部抽出房体10。在体积大的办公室/房间，为了避免在热污浊气体在室内扩散，选择从带状人员聚集区之间的底部布置新风送出端，新风送出端均匀送出速度小于0.2m/s的冷风，新 风向两边扩散，不让一侧的热污浊气体扩散到另一侧，经地板热辐射，以及室内人体热源提供的热量，冷风缓慢升温上升，和室内产生的热污浊一起到达天花板顶部区域，随之。在不同人体之间的天花板顶部区域排出室外，在工作区几乎无污染气体，避免室内交叉感染，提高室内环境健康。同时，可提高新风利用率，降低新风需求量，从而可降低能耗。本方法可以在室内冬夏季及梅雨季节采用置换通风(即中国南方地区自然状态下室内会结露的天气，亦称“黄梅天”或“回南天”)，使送入新风与室内热污浊气体不会混合，形成层流，室内热污浊气体上升至天花板区域，排出室内，避免室内交叉感染。在夏季供冷期，新风制冷(新风温度低于室温3℃以内)后从室内底部以低速送入，新鲜空气慢慢在室内底部弥散开，遇到室内人体热源，受热，缓缓上升。在冬季供暖期，室外新风仅经过过滤，和热交换器(新风温度低于室温3℃以内)直接在室内底部低风速徐徐送入，在底部附近形成冷风湖，加上地板热辐射，冷风均匀受热缓慢上升，形成层流。人呼出的热浊气也随着上升，在室内上方排出室外。天花板表面加保温涂层的目的是，在热浊气接触天花板后，不会迅速冷却再下沉与其他空气混合，减少热污浊气体在室内的滞留时间，避免室内交叉感染。运用置换通风，浊气在房间底部区域无横向扩散，被上升气流直接带到房间上部非人员停留区，为工作区创造了舒适又健康的环境。对于春秋季室外气温温和的季节，建议采用开窗自然通风，是避免室内交叉感染的最佳方法。
实施例二
参见图4，如其中的图例所示，其余与实施例一相同，不同之处在于，房体内分布有一个带状人员聚集区，新风送出端设于房体的地面或墙角或墙壁下端，浊气接收端设于房体的顶壁或墙壁上端。
本实施例中，在体积小的办公室/房间，从室内一侧底部下送速度小于0.2m/s的冷风，经底部热辐射，以及室内人体热源提供的热量，冷风缓慢升温上升，和室内产生的热污浊一起到达天花板顶部区域，随之在另一侧上方排出室内。在工作区几乎无污染气体，避免室内交叉感染提高室内环境健康，可有效减少新风 量的需求，减少能耗。
上述实施例一和实施例二中的建筑物通过调控影响室内气温、风向和风速等各种因素，即调控影响气流尤其是浊气路径的因素，实现室内气流管控，及时排出浊气，从而避免交叉感染。具体技术措施如下：
1.排除外部环境对室内环境的影响和干扰，采用符合建筑物技术要求的高气密高保温以及机械通风(新风)系统。普通建筑容易受外部环境影响：
①气密性不好的建筑会产生渗漏风，从而导致室内空气混合；
②未使用保温隔热效果好的外门窗，门窗表面温度低导致附近空气向下流动，室内空气易循环流动；
③没有机械通风时，开窗会对气流和温度有所影响；
④房间整体温差对气流所带来的影响。
2.避免天花板表面和上部墙面散热导致降低邻近浊气气温而使浊气下沉，避免浊气在中间层自锁而无法排出，采用低导热性表面材料或涂料。
3.下部以不超过0.2m/s的风速徐徐送经过热交换器的冷风(略低于室温的新风)，冬季用地面辐射采暖代替送热风，避免紊流，形成室内“冷风湖”。夏季，用地面辐射制冷保证舒适室温，用新风制冷提供略低于室温的新风，从而避免紊流，形成“冷风湖”。
4.遵循冷空气下沉、热空气上升的自然规律，采用下送冷风(新风)上排浊气。
①在需要避免交叉感染的工况下实现只对新风制冷，不使用循环风；
②在需要避免交叉感染的工况下，四季维持略低于室温且可接受的温度，温差不超过3℃。
5.冬季采用地板大面积低温采暖，避免集中热源(如暖气片)或不均衡采暖(如一侧墙面采暖)干扰室内气流。同时可避免室内垂直温度梯度过大；
6.对开敞式大空间实施网格化分布式管控气流，遵循“新风-人体-浊气-排出”的气流路径，避免“人体-浊气-人体”的气流走向：
①回风口(排风口)尽可能靠近浊气源头，最短路径排走，但要避免送风端和排风端短路。
②人流密集的正上方建立回风口，气流走向尽可能垂直向上(回风和新风形成一个垂直走向，形成垂直气流管控)总之，原则一：避免浊气“人传人”，原则二“尽快排出”浊气。
以上为对本发明实施例的描述，通过对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，包括：
    房体，所述房体内分布有一个或多个人员聚集区；
    送风系统，所述送风系统用于向所述房体内部输入新鲜空气，所述送风系统包括与所述房体内部连通的新风送出端，所述新风送出端所在位置低于所述人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置，所述新风送出端为纤维布风管；
    排风系统，所述排风系统用于将所述房体内部含有浊气的空气排出，所述排风系统包括与所述房体内部连通的浊气接收端，所述浊气接收端所在位置高于所述人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置；
    制冷制热系统，所述制冷制热系统包括用于将所述房体内部制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置和用于将所述送风系统所送新风制冷或制热至低于所述设定温度的新风制冷制热装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述纤维布风管明装于所述房体内部。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述纤维布风管暗装于所述房体内部的条形送风槽内。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述纤维布风管靠近所述房体的内部空间的底部地面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述纤维布风管靠近所述房体的内部空间的底部侧面。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于,所述送风系统还包括用于将空气正压送入所述房体内的送风风机，所述排风系统还包括将空气负压抽出所述房体外的排风风机。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于,所述送风系统还包括用于过滤悬浮微粒的空气过滤器、用于杀菌消毒的消毒装置以及用于除去湿气的除湿装置。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物，其特征在于，所述房体为密封保温房体，所述密封保温房体包括底部、墙壁以及顶部，所述密封保温房体的底部包括地面和设于所述地面外侧的地面保温层，所述密封保温房体的墙壁包括墙体和设于所述墙体外侧的墙体保温层，所述密封保温房体的顶部包括屋顶和设于所述屋顶外侧的屋顶保温层。
PCT/CN2021/098777 2021-02-08 2021-06-08 一种柔和送风的置换通风式建筑物 WO2022166053A1 (zh)

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