WO2022163101A1 - 発光素子、光検出モジュール、発光素子の製造方法、及び走査型電子顕微鏡 - Google Patents
発光素子、光検出モジュール、発光素子の製造方法、及び走査型電子顕微鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
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- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a light-emitting device, a light detection module, a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device, and a scanning electron microscope.
- This conventional phosphor is a phosphor that converts incident electrons into fluorescent light.
- the light emitter includes a substrate that is transparent to fluorescence, and a nitride semiconductor layer that is formed on one side of the substrate and has a quantum well structure that generates fluorescence when electrons are incident thereon and a buffer layer.
- a cap layer made of a material having a higher bandgap energy than the constituent material of the nitride semiconductor layer is provided on the nitride semiconductor layer.
- a nitride semiconductor layer is formed by crystal growth
- a sapphire substrate or a GaN substrate is mainly used (for example, see Patent Document 1 above). These substrates are single crystals. Therefore, after part of the light from the light-emitting layer enters the substrate and the buffer layer and is extracted into the atmosphere or vacuum, part of the light diffuses through the substrate and the buffer layer as a waveguide. There is a problem that the components can cause crosstalk.
- lens coupling is essential when building multi-channel photodetection modules and imaging units in combination with multi-channel photodetectors and image sensors. Therefore, it is difficult to miniaturize the detection module and the imaging unit, and there is a problem that the application is likely to be restricted. Further, in the lens coupling, there is a demand for improving the efficiency of transmitting light from the light-emitting layer to the photodetection module or imaging unit.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and is capable of reducing crosstalk and expanding applications, a light-emitting element, a light detection module, a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element, and scanning using the same.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a type electron microscope.
- a light-emitting device includes a fiber optic plate substrate transparent to fluorescence and a light-emitting layer composed of a nitride semiconductor layer having a quantum well structure, wherein the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer is directly connected to
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer are directly bonded.
- this light-emitting device unlike the conventional structure in which the light-emitting layer is provided on the sapphire substrate through the buffer layer, part of the light incident on the light-emitting device can be prevented from diffusing through the sapphire substrate and buffer layer as a waveguide. Therefore, crosstalk can be reduced.
- the collection efficiency of fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer is enhanced.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer may be bonded by thermocompression.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer can be preferably directly bonded without using an adhesive.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer may be bonded by room temperature bonding.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer can be preferably directly bonded without using an adhesive.
- the normal temperature bonding also suppresses the occurrence of thermal distortion in the fiber optic plate substrate.
- the constituent elements of the light-emitting layer may diffuse into the fiber optic plate substrate.
- the diffusion of the constituent elements of the light-emitting layer into the fiber optic plate substrate can sufficiently increase the bonding strength between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer.
- the light-emitting layer may have a laminated structure in which GaN layers and InGaN layers are alternately laminated.
- fluorescence can be generated efficiently in the light-emitting layer.
- the laminated structure is directly bonded to the fiber optic plate substrate, the generated fluorescence can be efficiently extracted to the fiber optic plate substrate side.
- a metal layer may be provided on the surface opposite to the joint surface between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer. This can prevent charging when electrons or the like enter the light-emitting layer. In addition, fluorescence generated by reflection of light on the metal layer can be efficiently extracted to the fiber optic plate substrate side.
- Layers may be provided.
- the intermediate layer can function as a functional layer such as an antireflection film on the joint surface between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer.
- the intermediate layer may consist of a SiN layer, a Ta3O5 layer, a HfO2 layer, or a combination thereof. This allows the intermediate layer to function as an antireflection film. In addition, it becomes easy to design a multilayer film containing other high refractive index materials.
- a photodetection module includes the light emitting element and a photodetector arranged on the fiber optic plate substrate side with respect to the light emitting element.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer are directly bonded. Therefore, unlike the conventional structure in which the light-emitting layer is provided on the sapphire substrate through the buffer layer, it is possible to prevent part of the light incident on the light-emitting element from diffusing through the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer as a waveguide. Crosstalk can be reduced.
- the fiber optic plate substrate in place of the sapphire substrate, the collection efficiency of fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer is enhanced. In addition, it is possible to avoid the need for lens coupling when constructing the photodetection module, and to expand the range of applications.
- the photodetector may be composed of a solid state detection element or an electron tube device. As a result, the photodetection module can be adapted to various uses.
- a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device includes a light-emitting layer forming step of crystal-growing a buffer layer and a light-emitting layer made of a nitride semiconductor layer having a quantum well structure on an auxiliary substrate; and the light-emitting layer on the auxiliary substrate to form a bonded body; and a removing step of removing the auxiliary substrate and the buffer layer from the bonded body.
- a light-emitting element in which the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer are directly bonded can be easily obtained.
- the obtained light-emitting device unlike the conventional structure in which the light-emitting layer is provided on the sapphire substrate through the buffer layer, part of the light incident on the light-emitting device is diffused using the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer as a waveguide. Since it can be avoided, crosstalk can be reduced.
- the collection efficiency of fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer is enhanced.
- the light-emitting layer may have a laminated structure in which GaN layers and InGaN layers are alternately laminated, and the buffer layer may be composed of GaN layers. Thereby, the light-emitting layer can be suitably crystal-grown on the auxiliary substrate. In the obtained light-emitting device, fluorescence can be efficiently generated in the light-emitting layer. In addition, since the laminated structure is directly bonded to the fiber optic plate substrate, the generated fluorescence can be efficiently extracted to the fiber optic plate substrate side.
- a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on the surface of the light emitting layer opposite to the bonding surface between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer may be provided after the removing step.
- An intermediate layer forming step of forming an intermediate layer on at least one of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer having a refractive index with respect to fluorescence that is between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer is joined to the light emitting layer forming step. It may be provided between the steps.
- the intermediate layer can function as a functional layer such as an antireflection film on the joint surface between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer.
- the intermediate layer may consist of a SiN layer, a Ta3O5 layer, a HfO2 layer, or a combination thereof. This allows the intermediate layer to function as an antireflection film. In addition, it becomes easy to design a multilayer film containing other high refractive index materials.
- a scanning electron microscope includes an electron beam source that emits a primary electron beam toward a sample, and the above-described electron beam source that emits fluorescence by incidence of a secondary electron beam generated in the sample by the irradiation of the primary electron beam.
- a light-emitting element and a detection optical system for detecting fluorescence generated by the light-emitting element are provided.
- the fiber optic plate substrate and the light-emitting layer are directly bonded. Therefore, unlike the conventional structure in which the light-emitting layer is provided on the sapphire substrate through the buffer layer, it is possible to prevent part of the light incident on the light-emitting element from diffusing through the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer as a waveguide. Crosstalk can be reduced.
- the fiber optic plate substrate in place of the sapphire substrate, the collection efficiency of fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer is enhanced.
- crosstalk can be reduced and applications can be expanded.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a light emitting device
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a light-emitting layer
- FIG. (a) is an enlarged photograph of the vicinity of the bonding surface between the core glass of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer
- (b) is an enlarged photograph of the vicinity of the bonding surface between the clad glass of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer. It is a photograph.
- (a) is the result of component analysis near the joint surface between the core glass and the light emitting layer of the fiber optic plate substrate
- (b) is the result of the component analysis near the joint surface between the clad glass and the light emitting layer of the fiber optic plate substrate.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of a manufacturing process of a light emitting device;
- (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting layer forming step, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a bonding step.
- (a) and (b) are typical sectional views which show a removal process. It is typical sectional drawing which shows a metal layer formation process.
- (a) is a diagram showing a fluorescent spot shape in a comparative example
- (b) is a diagram showing a fluorescent spot shape in an example. It is a figure which shows the brightness
- FIGS. 1 to (c) are schematic diagrams showing configuration examples of a light detection module using a light emitting element. It is a typical figure which shows the structural example of a scanning electron microscope. It is a typical sectional view showing a modification of a light emitting element. 9 is a flow chart showing an example of a manufacturing process of a light-emitting element according to a modification; It is a typical sectional view showing an intermediate layer formation process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a light emitting device.
- the light-emitting element 1 is an element that emits fluorescence upon incidence of electrons or the like.
- the light-emitting device 1 comprises a fiber optic plate substrate 2, a light-emitting layer 3, and a metal layer 4. As shown in FIG. 1,
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 is a substrate that has the function of transmitting the light incident from the entrance surface 2a to the exit surface 2b.
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 has transparency to light (fluorescence) generated in the light emitting layer 3 .
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 includes, for example, a plurality of core glasses, a clad glass covering the core glasses, and a light absorber glass arranged between the plurality of core glasses.
- the core glass is integrated with the clad glass.
- the core glass is fibrous and extends from the entrance surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 to the exit surface 2b.
- the diameter of the core glass is, for example, approximately 0.001 to 0.05 mm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the core glass is circular, for example.
- the core glass has a network-forming oxide that forms a network of glass, a network-modifying oxide that melts with the network-forming oxide and affects the properties of the glass, and intermediate properties between the network-forming oxide and the network-modifying oxide.
- can contain intermediate oxides having Network-forming oxides include B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and the like.
- Network-modified oxides include WO 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 and the like.
- Examples of intermediate oxides include TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and ZnO.
- the clad glass is arranged so as to bury the core glass, and covers the outer periphery of each core glass.
- the clad glass extends from the entrance surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 to the exit surface 2b.
- the clad glass includes network-forming oxides that form a network in the glass, network-modifying oxides that melt with the network-forming oxides to affect the properties of the glass, network-forming oxides, and network-modifying oxides. can contain intermediate oxides having properties intermediate to The refractive index of the clad glass is smaller than that of the core glass.
- the light-absorbing glass has a fibrous shape that is thinner than the core glass, and extends from the entrance surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 to the exit surface 2b.
- the light absorbing glass has a property of absorbing light (stray light) leaking from the core glass and the clad glass.
- the light absorber glass may be composed of a glass composition.
- the glass composition contains SiO 2 as a main component and may contain Fe 2 O 3 and the like.
- the light emitting layer 3 is a layer made of a nitride semiconductor layer having a quantum well structure.
- the light emitting layer 3 has one surface 3a facing the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side and the other surface 3b located on the opposite side of the one surface 3a.
- the quantum well structure here includes a general quantum well structure, a quantum wire structure, and a quantum dot structure.
- a nitride semiconductor is a compound containing at least one of Ga, In, and Al as a group III element and N as a main group V element.
- the light-emitting layer 3 has a laminated structure in which GaN layers 6 and InGaN layers 7 are alternately laminated, as shown in FIG.
- the light-emitting layer 3 does not have an In x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) layer or a GaN layer as a buffer layer, and a GaN layer 6 constituting the outermost layer of the quantum well structure is on one side 3a. and the other side 3b.
- When electrons or the like enter the light-emitting layer 3 pairs of electrons and holes are formed in the quantum well structure, and fluorescence is generated in the process of recombination of the pairs of electrons and holes in the quantum well structure. At least part of the fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer 3 is incident on the incident surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2, guided by the core glass, and emitted from the exit surface 2b.
- the metal layer 4 is a layer that has the function of preventing charging when electrons or the like enter the light-emitting layer 3 . Moreover, the metal layer 4 has a function of reflecting the fluorescence generated in the light emitting layer 3 and efficiently transmitting the fluorescence to the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side.
- the metal layer 4 is provided on the surface opposite to the bonding surface R between the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 , that is, the other surface 3 b of the light emitting layer 3 .
- the metal layer 4 is provided over the entire other surface 3b of the light emitting layer 3 with a thickness sufficiently smaller than the thickness of the light emitting layer 3 by vapor deposition of a metal such as Al.
- FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are enlarged photographs of the vicinity of the bonding surface between the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer which are bonded by thermocompression.
- FIG. 3(a) shows the vicinity of the bonding surface between the core glass and the light-emitting layer of the fiber optic plate substrate analyzed by a scanning transmission electron microscope, and FIG.
- 3(b) shows the cladding of the fiber optic plate substrate.
- the vicinity of the bonding surface between the glass and the light-emitting layer was analyzed by a scanning transmission electron microscope. From the results shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), both the core glass and the clad glass of the fiber optic plate substrate are integrated with the light-emitting layer by thermocompression bonding, and are strong without interposing an adhesive or the like. It can be confirmed that it is connected to
- the incident surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the one surface 3a of the light-emitting layer 3 are thermocompression bonded to each other, whereby the constituent elements of the light-emitting layer 3 are diffused in the fiber optic plate substrate 2. It has become.
- the constituent elements of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 may be diffused in the light emitting layer 3 .
- FIG. 4(a) shows the results of component analysis in the vicinity of the joint surface between the core glass of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer.
- FIG. 4(b) shows the results of component analysis in the vicinity of the joint surface between the clad glass of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer.
- the horizontal axis indicates distance and the vertical axis indicates intensity.
- the vicinity of the distance of 50 nm corresponds to the joint surface between the core glass of the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer.
- a focused ion beam method was used to process the sample.
- an atomic resolution analytical electron microscope product name: JEM-ARM200F DUAL-X manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used, and the acceleration voltage was set to 200 kV.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of the manufacturing process of the light emitting element.
- the manufacturing process of the light emitting element 1 includes a light emitting layer forming process (step S01), a bonding process (step S02), a removing process (step S03), and a metal layer forming process (step S04). is composed of
- the light-emitting layer forming step is a step of crystal-growing a buffer layer 12 and a light-emitting layer 3 made of a nitride semiconductor layer having a quantum well structure on an auxiliary substrate 11 .
- a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method can be used for forming the buffer layer 12 and the light-emitting layer 3.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the auxiliary substrate 11 is a sapphire substrate 13 .
- the sapphire substrate 13 is introduced into the growth chamber of the MOCVD apparatus and subjected to heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere to clean the surface.
- the substrate temperature is raised to about 1075° C. to form a buffer layer 12 of GaN on the sapphire substrate 13 .
- the substrate temperature is lowered to about 800.degree.
- the bonding step is a step of directly bonding the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 on the auxiliary substrate 11 to form a bonded body K.
- FIG. 6B one surface 3a of the light emitting layer 3 on the auxiliary substrate 11 faces the incident surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2, and the one surface 3a of the light emitting layer 3 and the fiber
- the incident surface 2a of the optical plate substrate 2 is thermocompression bonded.
- Conditions for thermocompression bonding are, for example, a temperature of 100° C. to 800° C. and a pressure of 2 kg/cm 2 to 40 kg/cm 2 .
- the constituent elements of the light-emitting layer 3 diffuse into the fiber optic plate substrate 2, and the constituent elements of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 diffuse into the light-emitting layer 3, whereby the fiber optic plate A firm bond between the substrate 2 and the light-emitting layer 3 is realized.
- the removal step is a step of removing the auxiliary substrate 11 and the buffer layer 12 from the bonded body K.
- Laser lift-off for example, can be applied to remove the sapphire substrate 13 as the auxiliary substrate 11 .
- the sapphire substrate 13 is irradiated with pulsed, high-density UV laser light, for example, so that it reaches the buffer layer 12 made of GaN.
- GaN is decomposed into Ga and N near the interface of the buffer layer 12 , and the sapphire substrate 13 can be separated from the buffer layer 12 .
- the buffer layer 12 is removed by etching, as shown in FIG. 7(b). Since the buffer layer 12 made of GaN is chemically stable, it is preferable to use dry etching from the viewpoint of securing the etching rate. Examples of dry etching techniques include reactive ion etching (RIE), reactive ion beam etching (RIBE), chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE), electron cyclotron resonance etching (ECRE), and the like. Note that the removal of the sapphire substrate 13 may be performed by etching in the same manner as the removal of the buffer layer 12 . Sapphire and GaN are chemically stable and extremely hard substances, but they can also be processed by grinding and polishing. Therefore, as a method for removing the sapphire substrate 13 and the buffer layer 12 made of GaN, processing by grinding and polishing may be adopted.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- RIBE reactive ion beam etching
- CAIBE chemically assisted ion beam etching
- the metal layer forming step is a step of forming the metal layer 4 on the other surface 3 b of the light emitting layer 3 .
- Al is vapor-deposited on the other surface 3b of the light emitting layer 3 to form the metal layer 4.
- FIG. Thereby, the light emitting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light-emitting layer 3 are directly bonded.
- this light-emitting device 1 unlike the conventional structure in which the light-emitting layer 3 is provided on the sapphire substrate 13 via the buffer layer, part of the light incident on the light-emitting device 1 is diffused using the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer as waveguides. can be avoided, and crosstalk can be reduced.
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 instead of the sapphire substrate, the collection efficiency of fluorescence generated in the light emitting layer 3 can be enhanced.
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light-emitting layer 3 are joined by thermocompression bonding.
- the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 can be preferably directly bonded without using an adhesive.
- the constituent elements of the light-emitting layer 3 are diffused into the fiber optic plate substrate 2
- the constituent elements of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 are diffused into the light-emitting layer 3 .
- Such diffusion of the constituent elements can sufficiently increase the bonding strength between the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 .
- the light-emitting layer 3 has a laminated structure in which GaN layers 6 and InGaN layers 7 are alternately laminated.
- the laminated structure is directly bonded to the fiber optic plate substrate 2, the generated fluorescence can be efficiently extracted to the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side.
- the metal layer 4 is provided on the other surface 3 b of the light-emitting layer 3 . This metal layer 4 can prevent electrification when electrons or the like enter the light-emitting layer 3 .
- fluorescence generated by reflection of light on the metal layer 4 can be efficiently extracted to the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side.
- FIG. 9(a) is a diagram showing a fluorescent spot shape in a comparative example
- FIG. 9(b) is a diagram showing a fluorescent spot shape in an example
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing fluorescence luminance distributions in the example and the comparative example.
- a sample in which the fiber optic plate substrate and the light emitting layer are directly bonded is used in the same manner as the light emitting device 1 shown in FIG. A sample provided with a light-emitting layer was used.
- the full width at half maximum of the fluorescence transmitted through the sapphire substrate and taken out was about 50 ⁇ m.
- the full width at half maximum of fluorescence extracted from the fiber optic plate substrate was about 42 ⁇ m. Therefore, it was confirmed that the diffusion of the fluorescence generated in the light-emitting layer was reduced in the example, and the effect of suppressing crosstalk was exhibited.
- the light emitting element 1 described above can construct various photodetection modules 21 by arranging the photodetector 22 on the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side, for example.
- the photodetector 22 is composed of a solid state detection element or an electron tube device.
- Solid-state detection elements include image sensors such as CCD and CMOS, photodiode arrays, avalanche photodiode arrays, avalanche photodiode arrays operating in Geiger mode, and image intensifiers.
- Electron tube devices include photomultiplier tubes, streak tubes, and the like.
- the photodetector 22 may be a multi-channel detector capable of simultaneously detecting positions of a large number of lights, and furthermore, a detector having time-resolving performance.
- Detectors capable of both position detection and time resolution include, for example, multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, streak cameras, gated ICCD cameras, gated ICMOS cameras, and the like.
- the photodetector 22 is arranged on the rear stage side of the light emitting element 1.
- the photodetector 22 has a fiber optic plate 23 as an input window.
- the photodetection module 21A is arranged in a vacuum container M such as a vacuum chamber or a vacuum tube.
- the photodetection module 21A can be applied, for example, to a detection optical system of a scanning electron microscope.
- a microchannel plate (not shown) may be arranged on the front stage side of the light emitting element 1 in the vacuum container M. In this case, the charged particles can be converted into electrons and multiplied by the microchannel plate, so that images and time characteristics of minute charged particles can be obtained.
- the photodetector 22 is arranged on the downstream side of the light emitting element 1.
- the photodetector 22 has a fiber optic plate 23 as an input window.
- the light emitting element 1 is arranged inside a vacuum vessel M such as a vacuum chamber or a vacuum tube, and the photodetector 22 is arranged outside the vacuum vessel M.
- a fiber optic plate 24 is further arranged between the light emitting element 1 and the photodetector 22 .
- the fiber optic plate 24 is optically coupled to the light emitting element 1 and the fiber optic plate 23 of the photodetector 22, and serves as a window material for the vacuum vessel M to keep the vacuum vessel M airtight.
- the photodetection module 21B can be applied, for example, in a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) apparatus, replacing a conventional imager.
- TOF-MS time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- a microchannel plate (not shown) may be arranged on the front stage side of the light emitting element 1 in the vacuum chamber M.
- the photodetector 22 has a fiber optic plate 23 as an input window.
- the photodetection module 21C is arranged, for example, in the atmosphere.
- the photodetector module 21C can be applied to an X-ray streak camera by, for example, using a streak tube as the photodetector 22 and combining an X-ray source, a pinhole lens, or the like on the front side of the light emitting element 1 .
- the light-emitting element 1 can also emit light for other radiation, and time-resolved radiation observation can be performed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a scanning electron microscope.
- the scanning electron microscope 31 shown in the figure is a multi-beam scanning electron microscope, and includes an electron beam source 32 capable of emitting a plurality of primary electron beams e1, the light emitting element 1 described above, and a detection optical system 33. is composed of The electron beam source 32 , the sample S, and the light emitting element 1 are placed inside the vacuum chamber 34 .
- the detection optical system 33 is composed of a fiber optic plate 35 serving as a window material of the vacuum chamber 34 to keep the vacuum chamber 34 airtight, and a photodetector 36 .
- the photodetector 36 is a multi-channel detector having a fiber optic plate 37 as an input window, and is placed in the atmosphere.
- the electron beam source 32 emits a plurality of primary electron beams e1 toward the sample S.
- a plurality of primary electron beams e1 irradiate the sample S through the beam splitter 38 while their trajectories are changed from the emission axis.
- the sample S is placed on a stage 39 movable in a plane direction perpendicular to the incident axis of the primary electron beams e1.
- the surface of the sample S emits a plurality of secondary electron beams e2.
- a plurality of secondary electron beams e2 emitted from the surface of the sample S change their trajectories to the side opposite to the emission axis of the plurality of primary electron beams e1 via the beam splitter 38, and enter the light emitting element 1.
- FIG. The light emitting element 1 generates fluorescence corresponding to the incident secondary electron beam e2. Fluorescence generated by the light emitting element 1 is guided to the fiber optic plate 37 and into the atmosphere, and enters the photodetector 36 .
- the photodetector 36 outputs a detection signal corresponding to the received fluorescence.
- thermocompression bonding was exemplified as a means for realizing direct bonding between the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3, but the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 are directly bonded by room temperature bonding.
- the incident surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the one surface 3a of the light emitting layer 3 are polished, and the polished surfaces are brought into contact with each other. Even in such room temperature bonding, the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 can be suitably directly bonded without using an adhesive. Further, in room temperature bonding, the occurrence of distortion in the fiber optic plate substrate 2 due to heat is also suppressed.
- a GaN substrate As the auxiliary substrate 11 , it is possible to relatively suppress the warping of the substrate, thereby improving the yield of room-temperature bonding.
- At least one of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 has a refractive index of An intermediate layer 41 having a refractive index between 2 and the light emitting layer 3 may be provided.
- the intermediate layer 41 is a layer composed of, for example, a SiN layer, a Ta 3 O 5 layer, a HfO 2 layer, or a combination thereof.
- the intermediate layer 41 can function as a functional layer such as an antireflection film at the joint surface R between the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3. .
- the intermediate layer 41 may be a component of the fiber optic plate substrate 2, a component of the light emitting layer 3, or a component of both the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3. good too.
- the intermediate layer 41 is a component of the fiber optic plate substrate 2
- the incident surface 2 a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 is constituted by the intermediate layer 41 .
- the intermediate layer 41 is a component of the light-emitting layer 3
- one surface 3 a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 is constituted by the intermediate layer 41 .
- the intermediate layer 41 is shown as a component of the light-emitting layer 3 .
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing an example of the manufacturing process of the light-emitting element when forming the intermediate layer.
- the manufacturing process of the light emitting element 1 in this case includes an intermediate layer forming process (step S05) between the light emitting layer forming process and the bonding process.
- the intermediate layer forming step is a step of forming an intermediate layer 41 on at least one of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 and the light emitting layer 3 .
- the intermediate layer 41 is formed on the light emitting layer 3 side in the intermediate layer forming step, and then the one surface 3a of the light emitting layer 3 made of the intermediate layer 41 and the incident surface 2a of the fiber optic plate substrate 2 are formed. are heat-pressed.
- the intermediate layer 41 may be formed on the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side.
- the intermediate layer 41 is composed of multiple layers, part of the layers may be formed on the light emitting layer 3 side and the remaining layers may be formed on the fiber optic plate substrate 2 side.
- photodetection module 22... photodetector, 31... scanning electron microscope, 32... electron beam source, e1... primary electron beam, e2... Secondary electron beam, 33... Detection optical system, 41... Intermediate layer, R... Joint surface.
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Abstract
Description
[発光素子の構成例]
[発光素子の製造例]
[作用効果]
[発光素子の応用例]
[変形例]
Claims (16)
- 蛍光に対する透明性を有するファイバオプティクプレート基板と、
量子井戸構造を有する窒化物半導体層からなる発光層と、を備え、
前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層とが直接接合されている発光素子。 - 前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層とは、熱圧着によって接合されている請求項1記載の発光素子。
- 前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層とは、常温接合によって接合されている請求項1記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光層の構成元素は、前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板内に拡散している請求項1又は2記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光層は、GaN層とInGaN層とが交互に積層された積層構造を有している請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の発光素子。
- 前記発光層において、前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層との接合面と反対側の面には、金属層が設けられている請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の発光素子。
- 前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層との接合面において、前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板及び前記発光層の少なくとも一方には、前記蛍光に対する屈折率が前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層との間の屈折率となる中間層が設けられている請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の発光素子。
- 前記中間層は、SiN層、Ta3O5層、HfO2層、又はこれらの組み合わせによって構成されている請求項7記載の発光素子。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の発光素子と、
前記発光素子に対して前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板側に配置された光検出器と、を備える光検出モジュール。 - 前記光検出器は、固体検出素子又は電子管デバイスによって構成されている請求項9記載の光検出モジュール。
- バッファ層と、量子井戸構造を有する窒化物半導体層からなる発光層とを補助基板上に結晶成長させる発光層形成工程と、
蛍光に対する透明性を有するファイバオプティクプレート基板と、前記補助基板上の前記発光層とを直接接合して接合体を形成する接合工程と、
前記接合体から前記補助基板及び前記バッファ層を除去する除去工程と、を備える発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記発光層は、GaN層とInGaN層とが交互に積層された積層構造を有し、
前記バッファ層は、GaN層によって構成されている請求項11記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記発光層における前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層との接合面と反対側の面に金属層を形成する金属層形成工程を、前記除去工程の後に備える請求項11又は12記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板及び前記発光層の少なくとも一方に前記蛍光に対する屈折率が前記ファイバオプティクプレート基板と前記発光層との間の屈折率となる中間層を形成する中間層形成工程を、前記発光層形成工程と前記接合工程との間に備える請求項11~13のいずれか一項記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記中間層は、SiN層、Ta3O5層、HfO2層、又はこれらの組み合わせによって構成されている請求項14記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 一次電子線を試料に向けて出射する電子線源と、
前記一次電子線の照射によって前記試料で発生する二次電子線の入射によって蛍光を発生させる請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の発光素子と、
前記発光素子で発生した前記蛍光を検出する検出光学系と、を備える走査型電子顕微鏡。
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IL303645A IL303645A (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-11-25 | A light-emitting element, an optical detection module, a manufacturing method for a light-emitting element and a scanning electron microscope |
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JP2009295753A (ja) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-17 | Showa Denko Kk | Iii族窒化物半導体発光素子の製造方法及びiii族窒化物半導体発光素子、並びにランプ |
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