WO2022163043A1 - 回転翼、回転装置、及び発電装置 - Google Patents
回転翼、回転装置、及び発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163043A1 WO2022163043A1 PCT/JP2021/039050 JP2021039050W WO2022163043A1 WO 2022163043 A1 WO2022163043 A1 WO 2022163043A1 JP 2021039050 W JP2021039050 W JP 2021039050W WO 2022163043 A1 WO2022163043 A1 WO 2022163043A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rotation axis
- rotation
- curved surface
- wing
- curved
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000737 Duralumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
- F03D3/009—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical of the drag type, e.g. Savonius
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to rotor blades that rotate by receiving fluids such as air currents and water currents.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose rotating devices (windmills, wind power generators) provided with a plurality of rotor blades (blades, windmill blades) that receive wind power (airflow) and rotate around a rotation axis.
- the rotor blades disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a front blade surface (front side surface, front convex surface) that is parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the rotation direction, and are arranged on the back side of the front blade surface, It has a rear wing surface (rear side surface, rear concave surface) curved so as to be concave forward in the rotational direction parallel to the rotation axis and having a smaller depth of curvature than the front wing surface.
- the front blade surface comprises a first curved surface (high-speed airflow passing surface, first surface, first convex surface) forming a portion away from the rotation axis, and a portion close to the rotation axis.
- a second curved surface (low-speed air flow passing surface, second surface, second convex surface) shorter than the first curved surface is provided.
- the rotary blades and rotary devices having a plurality of rotary blades disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have the following problems in improving the rotary efficiency. ⁇ Part of the fluid from the front flows along the front wing surface and then wraps around to the area facing the rear wing surface, creating rotational resistance to the following rotor blades. ⁇ Maximum drag (in other words, maximum rotational torque) is generated when the rear surface of the rotor receives fluid. In a rotary device in which multiple rotor blades are arranged around the rotation axis, the maximum drag for each rotor blade alternately occurs as the multiple rotor blades rotate. ) fluctuates greatly.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating blade or rotating device that can
- the first rotor blade of the present disclosure is A rotor that is rotatable about a rotation axis and receives a fluid, a front wing surface parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the direction of rotation; a rear wing surface disposed on the back side of the front wing surface, curved so as to be concave forward in the direction of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation, and having a depth of curvature smaller than that of the front wing surface;
- the end of the front wing surface farther from the rotation axis is the outer end, and the end closer to the rotation axis is the inner end
- the front wing surface is a first curved surface forming a portion away from the rotation axis and formed forward in the rotation direction from the outer end; Constituting a portion near the rotation axis, the first curved surface is formed so as to connect to the inner end portion toward the rear in the rotation direction
- a concave portion is formed in the first curved surface, With the portion of the first curved surface where the concave portion is not formed as the main surface, The concave portion has a first inner side surface forming a step facing rearward in the rotational direction, and an outer end portion or the outer end portion formed rearward in the rotational direction from an end portion of the first inner side surface in the concave direction.
- a second inner surface connected to the main surface, A virtual curved surface is a surface obtained by extending a surface having the same curvature as the curvature of the main surface at the boundary from the boundary between the main surface and the first inner surface toward the recess, an extension line extending outward from a tangent line to the main surface at a boundary portion between the main surface and the first inner side surface when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis; 1 The angle formed by the tangent to the inner surface, or the angle formed by the tangent to the virtual curved surface at the boundary between the virtual curved surface and the first inner surface and the tangent to the first inner surface at the boundary.
- the inclination angle of the first inner surface an extension line extending outward from a tangent line of the second inner surface at the boundary between the second inner surface and the main surface when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis;
- the angle of inclination of the second inner surface is The inclination angle of the second inner surface is smaller than the inclination angle of the first inner surface.
- the concave portion formed in the first curved surface can function as a vortex generator (eddy current generator).
- eddy current generator eddy current generator
- a local pool of fluid (eddy current) is generated in the concave portion, and this pool can suppress the flow of fluid from the front to the area facing the rear blade surface, creating rotational resistance to the following rotor blade. can be suppressed.
- the drag force for moving the rotor blade forward can be generated in the concave portion in addition to the rear blade surface. As described above, the rotation efficiency of the rotor blade can be improved.
- the second rotor blade of the present disclosure is A rotor that is rotatable about a rotation axis and receives a fluid, a front wing surface parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the direction of rotation; a rear wing surface disposed on the back side of the front wing surface, curved so as to be concave forward in the direction of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation, and having a depth of curvature smaller than that of the front wing surface; a wing supporting portion that supports ends of the front wing surface and the rear wing surface in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; In a plan view orthogonal to the rotation axis, the end of the front wing surface farther from the rotation axis is the outer end, and the end closer to the rotation axis is the inner end,
- the front wing surface is a first curved surface forming a portion away from the rotation axis and formed forward in the rotation direction from the outer end; Constituting a portion near the
- a second curved surface that is shorter than the first curved surface;
- a concave portion is formed in the first curved surface,
- the wing support portion A rear end portion that supports the front blade surface and the rear blade surface and extends in the radial direction of rotation at a position overlapping the rear blade surface in plan view or at a position behind the rear blade surface in the rotational direction.
- a body forming a A directional component formed along the trailing end portion and directed from the trailing end portion to the side opposite to the side on which the trailing blade surface is arranged in a direction parallel to the rotational axis and a direction component directed rearward in the rotational direction a ramp formed in an oblique direction having a directional component.
- the inclined portion provided on the wing support portion can receive the fluid from behind.
- the drag that moves the rotor blade forward can be generated not only by the rear blade surface but also by the inclined portion.
- the inclined portion is provided at a position overlapping the rear wing surface in a plan view or at a position rearward of the rear wing surface in the rotational direction, and further on the side where the rear wing surface is arranged in the direction parallel to the rotation axis. Since it is formed in an oblique direction having a directional component toward the side opposite to the direction of rotation and a directional component toward the rear of the rotational direction, the fluid from the rear that hits the inclined portion can be guided to the rear blade surface.
- the inclined portion in the oblique direction, it is possible to prevent the inclined portion from acting as a resistance against the fluid from the front. Since the inclined portion is provided so as to stand from the main body portion of the wing support portion, the rigidity of the wing support portion can be improved, and displacement of the rotor blade in a direction other than the direction of rotation can be suppressed. As described above, the rotation efficiency of the rotor blade can be improved.
- the rotating device of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of stepped portions in which a plurality of rotor blades for receiving a fluid are arranged at equal intervals around the rotation axis, provided rotatably about the rotation axis, in the direction of the rotation axis;
- the rotor blade is a front wing surface parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the direction of rotation; a rear wing surface disposed on the back side of the front wing surface, curved so as to be concave forward in the direction of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation, and having a depth of curvature smaller than that of the front wing surface;
- the end of the front wing surface farther from the rotation axis is the outer end, and the end closer to the rotation axis is the inner end
- the front wing surface is a first curved surface forming a portion away from the rotation axis and formed forward in the rotation direction from the outer end;
- the stepped portions include the same number of rotor blades among the plurality of stepped portions, the rotating direction of the rotor blades is the same among the plurality of stepped portions, and the There is an angular difference in the arrangement position of the rotor blade in the direction around the rotation axis, and the plurality of stepped portions are connected so as to rotate while maintaining the angular difference.
- a plurality of stepped portions are provided in the same rotational direction and have an angular difference in the direction around the rotation axis, one of the stepped portions is in a rotational position where drag is less likely to occur. Even in this case, another stepped portion provided with an angular difference in the direction of rotation can suppress the drop in drag force. As a result, fluctuations in drag (rotational torque) with respect to the rotational position can be reduced, and the rotational efficiency of the rotating device can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the wind power generator at the position of line II-II in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an upper section of the first wind turbine;
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the upper section of the first wind turbine;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the rotor that receives wind from the front in the direction of rotation;
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 4 and an enlarged plan view of a recess formed in the first curved surface;
- 4 is an enlarged perspective view of an arm portion of the wing support;
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the wing support along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the positional relationship in the direction of rotation between the rotor blades of the upper stage and the rotor blades of the lower stage of the first wind turbine. It is sectional drawing which cut the generator by the plane which contains a rotation axis in a plane.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the arrangement of field magnets in the first rotor of the generator;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the arrangement of power generation coils in the second rotor of the generator;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the upper section of the first windmill, showing the flow of wind received by the rotor blades with broken lines.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of the upper part of the first wind turbine, showing a state after rotation from the state of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a state in which wind from behind in the rotation direction acts on the front blade surface (first curved surface) of the rotor blade.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a rotor blade of a comparative example in which no concave portion is formed in the first curved surface, showing a state in which a wind from behind in the rotation direction acts on the front blade surface (first curved surface); .
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which wind from the front in the direction of rotation acts on the front blade surface (first curved surface) of the rotor blade.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of a rotor blade of a comparative example in which no concave portion is formed in the first curved surface, showing the rear blade surface side after the wind from the front in the rotation direction flows along the front blade surface (first curved surface). It is a diagram showing a state of turning around.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary blade taken along a plane parallel to the axis of rotation, showing a state in which the wind from behind in the direction of rotation acts on the rotary blade.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor taken along a plane parallel to the axis of rotation, showing a state in which the wind from the front in the direction of rotation acts on the rotor; It is the experimental data which showed the change with respect to the rotational position of the drag which acts on a rotor blade and a rotating shaft.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view in which four rotor blades are arranged around the axis of rotation; It is a figure of the modification of the recessed part periphery part of a 1st curved surface.
- a wind power generator 1 as a power generator shown in FIG. 1 is a vertical axis type wind power generator provided with a plurality of rotor blades that rotate about a rotation axis L1 extending in the vertical direction.
- the wind turbine generator 1 is provided so that the rotation axis L1 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the wind (airflow).
- the wind turbine generator 1 comprises a support frame 9 , a first windmill 2 , a second windmill 5 and a generator 8 .
- the first windmill 2 and the second windmill 5 correspond to rotating devices
- the first windmill 2 corresponds to the first rotating device
- the second windmill 5 corresponds to the second rotating device.
- the generator 8 corresponds to the power generation section.
- the support frame 9 includes three vertically extending columns 10 and a plurality of beam members 11 connecting the columns 10 (see also FIG. 2).
- the three pillars 10 are arranged at the apexes of an equilateral triangle when viewed in a plan view (see FIG. 2) perpendicular to the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the beam members 11 connect the columns 10 at a plurality of height positions including the upper ends of the columns 10 .
- An equilateral triangle is formed by three beam members 11 at each height position (see FIG. 2).
- 2 shows the rotor blades of the upper stage portion 6 of the second wind turbine 5, which will be described later, but the illustration of the rotor blades of the lower stage portion 7 (see FIG. 1) is omitted. Further, FIG. 2 omits illustration of recesses, which will be described later, formed in the first curved surface of the rotor blade.
- the support frame 9 also includes a plurality of connecting members 12 extending horizontally from each support 10 toward the center where the rotation axis L1 is located at a plurality of vertical height positions.
- the connecting member 12 has a height position at which the first rotating shaft 51 of the wind power generator 1 is positioned, a height position at which the fourth rotating shaft 54 is positioned, and a height position at which the generator 8 is positioned. It is provided at the position
- the opposite end of the connecting member 12 connected to the strut 10 is connected to a shaft supporting portion that supports the first rotating shaft 51, a shaft supporting portion that supports the fourth rotating shaft 54, or the generator 8.
- the first windmill 2 and the second windmill 5 are so-called vertical windmills, and as shown in FIG. 1, have a common rotation axis L1 extending in the vertical direction.
- the rotation axis L1 is a virtual axis, and the actual rotation shafts 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 are provided above and below the wind turbines 2 , 5 without passing through the wind turbines 2 , 5 .
- the rotation axis L1 and the rotation axes 51, 52, 53, and 54 are positioned at the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle when the support frame 9 is viewed from above and below.
- the first windmill 2 is arranged above the second windmill 5 .
- the first windmill 2 is configured to rotate in a constant direction even if the wind is received from any side direction.
- the first wind turbine 2 is divided into two stages, upper and lower, and includes an upper stage portion 3 and a lower stage portion 4 .
- the upper section 3 has four rotor blades 15, as shown in FIGS. 4, illustration of a lid plate 28, which will be described later, is omitted.
- the four rotor blades 15 have the same shape and differ only in mounting position.
- the four rotor blades 15 are equidistant in the circumferential direction around the rotation axis L1 (i.e., the rotation angle is 90 degrees), and the distances in the radial direction from the rotation axis L1 are the same. placed in position.
- light alloys such as aluminum, duralumin, and titanium, synthetic resins such as glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and polycarbonate (PC) can be used.
- the rotor blade 15 receives an air current (wind force) on a surface (in other words, a surface parallel to the rotation axis L1) facing a direction (horizontal direction) perpendicular to the rotation axis L1, and the received air current generates a rotational force.
- the rotor blade 15 is assumed to have a blade shape WI as shown in FIG.
- the wing shape WI has a shape similar to the cross-section of a general airplane wing that can generate lift against the wind from the front (WIND), and has one side (described later) with respect to the wing chord WG.
- the first curved surface 19 side) is bulged more than the other side (the second curved surface 20 side, which will be described later).
- a lift force F acts on the rotary blade 15 to rotate it in the X direction around the rotation axis L1.
- the cross section of the rotor blade 15 viewed from the vertical direction has the same shape at any horizontal cross section position.
- the rotor blade 15 is configured by a front plate 16 on the front side in the traveling direction (rotational direction) X when viewed from the vertical direction, and by a rear plate 17 on the rear side in the traveling direction X. There is a space between them, that is, they have a hollow shape.
- the front wing surface which is the outer surface of the front plate 16, is configured as a convex curved surface parallel to the rotation axis L1 and curved so as to protrude forward in the rotation direction X.
- the front wing surface 16 is formed in a shape having a greater depth of curvature than the rear plate 17 (rear wing surface).
- the front blade surface 16 has a vertex portion 18 having a maximum curvature at an intermediate position in the rotational radial direction of the rotor blade 15, and is further from the rotational center (rotational axis L1) than the vertex portion 18. , and a second curved surface 20 located closer to the center of rotation than the vertex 18 and facing in the direction X of rotation.
- the vertex portion 18 is a portion (boundary portion) located at the boundary between the first curved surface 19 and the second curved surface 20 .
- the first curved surface 19 is arranged on the far side from the rotation axis L1, and is continuously formed rearward in the rotation direction X from the vertex portion 18 . In other words, the first curved surface 19 is continuously formed forward in the rotation direction X from the outer end portion 21 that is the end portion on the opposite side of the vertex portion 18 .
- the first curved surface 19 is formed in an arc shape with a constant curvature except for the vicinity of the vertex 18, for example.
- the first curved surface 19 has a curved surface shape that bulges more in the direction away from the chord WG than the second curved surface 20 when viewed from the vertical direction and considering the chord WG of the airfoil WI as shown in FIG.
- the surface length of the first curved surface 19 is longer than that of the second curved surface 20, in other words, it extends further rearward in the rotation direction X than the second curved surface 20.
- An outer end portion 21, which is a rear end portion in the rotational direction (an end portion opposite to the vertex portion 18) of the first curved surface 19, is arranged at a position farthest from the rotation axis L1 among the rotor blades 15, and has a second curved surface. It is arranged rearward in the rotation direction X from the inner end portion 22 which is the rear end portion of the surface 20 .
- the first curved surface 19 is configured so that the velocity of the relative airflow generated along the first curved surface 19 from the vertex 18 toward the outer end 21 is reduced to the second curved surface 20 from the vertex 18 toward the inner end 22 . It functions as a high-velocity airflow surface so that it is greater than the velocity of the relative airflow along it.
- a concave portion 23 is partially formed in the first curved surface 19 .
- two recesses 23 are formed per rotor blade 15 .
- the concave portion 23 is formed at a position closer to the outer end portion 21 than the vertex portion 18 . 4 and 5, when the area of the first curved surface 19 is divided into two by the middle position of the first curved surface 19, the concave portion 23 is located at the outer end. It is formed in the area on the part 21 side, and is not formed in the area on the vertex part 18 side. Also, the recessed portion 23 is not formed in the second curved surface 20 and the rear wing surface 17 .
- the portion of the first curved surface 19 where the concave portion 23 is not formed is called the main surface.
- the concave portion 23 is formed in a wedge shape when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis L1.
- the recessed portion 23 has a first inner side surface 24 that forms a step facing backward in the rotation direction X of the first curved surface 19 as shown in FIG. and a second inner side surface 25 formed rearward in the rotation direction X from an end portion 232 of the first inner side surface 24 in the concave direction and connected to the outer end portion 21 or the main surface 26 .
- the first inner surface 24 constitutes an inner surface located forward in the rotation direction X among the inner surfaces of the recess 23 .
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 (see FIG. 6) of the first inner side surface 24 with respect to the main surface 26 is, for example, 60 degrees or more and 150 degrees or less, preferably 90 degrees or more and 150 degrees or less.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 is defined by a first tangent line extension line 250 obtained by extending a tangent line of the main surface 26 at the boundary portion 231 between the main surface 26 and the first inner side surface 24 from the boundary portion 231 to the outside (toward the concave portion 23), It is the angle formed by the tangent line of the first inner surface 24 at the boundary portion 231 .
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 is the angle between the normal N1 of the main surface 26 at the boundary portion 231 and the normal N2 of the first inner side surface 24 at the boundary portion 231 .
- the boundary portion 231 is R-shaped
- the inclination angle is based on the tangent line or normal line N1 to the main surface 26 at the point where the R shape starts or ends and the tangent line or normal line N2 to the first inner side surface 24.
- ⁇ 1 is determined. 6
- the first inner side surface 24 extends linearly or in a curved line with a constant curvature from a boundary portion 231 with the main surface 26 toward the second inner side surface 25. As shown in FIG.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 2 (see FIG. 6) of the second inner side surface 25 with respect to the first inner side surface 24 is, for example, 90 degrees or more and 150 degrees or less.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 2 is defined by a second tangent extension line 251 obtained by extending a tangent line of the first inner side surface 24 at the boundary portion 232 between the first inner side surface 24 and the second inner side surface 25 to the outside from the boundary portion 232, and It is the angle formed by the tangent line of the second inner surface 25 at the boundary portion 232 .
- the inclination angle ⁇ 2 is the angle between the normal N3 of the first inner surface 24 at the boundary 232 and the normal N4 of the second inner surface 25 at the boundary 232 .
- boundary portion 232 is R-shaped, based on the tangent line or normal line N3 to the first inner side surface 24 and the tangent line or normal line N4 to the second inner side surface 25 at the point where the R shape starts or ends A tilt angle ⁇ 2 is defined.
- a surface 260 (see FIG. 6) obtained by extending a surface having the same curvature as the curvature of the main surface 26 at the boundary portion 231 from the boundary portion 231 between the main surface 26 and the first inner side surface 24 toward the concave portion 23 is assumed.
- the second inner side surface 25 is formed at a position recessed from the virtual curved surface 260 . 6, the second inner side surface 25 extends from the boundary 232 with the first inner side surface 24 toward the virtual curved surface 260 in a straight line or in a curved shape with a constant curvature.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 3 (see FIG. 6) of the second inner side surface 25 with respect to the main surface 26 is smaller than the inclination angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, specifically, for example, 10 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 3 is defined by a third tangent extension line 252 obtained by extending a tangent line of the second inner side surface 25 at the boundary portion 233 between the second inner side surface 25 and the main surface 26 to the outside from the boundary portion 233, and the boundary portion 233. is the angle formed with the tangent to the main surface 26 at .
- the inclination angle ⁇ 3 is the angle between the normal N5 of the second inner surface 25 at the boundary 233 and the normal N6 of the main surface 26 at the boundary 233 .
- the inclination angle is based on the tangent line or normal line N5 of the second inner surface 25 and the tangent line or normal line N6 of the main surface 26 at the point where the R shape starts or ends.
- ⁇ 3 is defined.
- the surface length of the second inner side surface 25 in the cross section of FIG. 6 is longer than that of the first inner side surface 24 . This makes it easier to satisfy the condition that the inclination angle ⁇ 3 is smaller than the inclination angle ⁇ 1.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 has the same meaning as the inclination angle of the first inner side surface 24 with respect to the virtual curved surface 260. It means the angle between the line and the tangent or normal line of the first inner surface 24 at the boundary 231 .
- the inclination angle ⁇ 3 has the same meaning as the inclination angle of the second inner side surface 25 with respect to the virtual curved surface 260. It means the angle between the line and the tangent or normal line of the second inner surface 25 at the boundary 233 .
- the main surface 26 does not exist at the boundaries 231 and 233, specifically, when the first concave portion 23A and the second concave portion 23B are adjacent to each other without interposing the main surface 26 as shown in FIG.
- the virtual curved surface 260 is set, and the inclination angle ⁇ 1′ or the second The inclination angle ⁇ 3′ of the inner side surface 25 may be defined.
- the tilt angle .theta.1' is set to the same value as the tilt angle .theta.1.
- the inclination angle .theta.3' is smaller than the inclination angle .theta.1' and is set to the same value as the inclination angle .theta.3.
- the main surface 26 or the point 233 where the curvature is maximum is interposed between the second inner side surface 25 of the recess 23A closest to the outermost end 21 and the outer end 21 .
- the linear distance between the rear end portion 233 (curvature maximum point 233) of the concave portion 23A and the outer end portion 21 may be smaller than the linear distance between the front end portion 231 and the rear end portion 233 of the concave portion 23A, for example.
- the concave portions 23A and 23B are formed at positions closer to the outer end portion 21, so that the concave portions 23A and 23B can easily function as vortex generators, which will be described later.
- the second inner side surface 25 and the outer end portion 21 of the concave portion 23A may be directly connected (without interposing the main surface 26 or the curvature maximum point 233).
- the end portion of the second inner side surface 25 opposite to the side to which the first inner side surface 24 is connected becomes the outer end portion 21 .
- the first curved surface 19 is formed with a notch 23A as a concave portion so as to be continuous with the outer end portion 21 .
- the main surface 26 is interposed between the first recess 23A and the second recess 23B, but as shown in FIG. 23, the main surface 26 may not be interposed. That is, the end of the second inner side surface 25 of the second recess 23B and the end of the first inner side surface 24 of the first recess 23A may be directly connected (without interposing the main surface 26).
- the recess 23 is formed so as to penetrate (in other words, be continuous) from one end to the other end of the front blade surface 16 in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1.
- the cross-sectional shape of the recess 23 perpendicular to the rotation axis L1 is formed in the same shape (the shape shown in FIG. 6) at any position on the rotation axis L1.
- the two recesses 23A and 23B may have the same shape, or may have different shapes. Specifically, the length of the first inner side surface 24, the length of the second inner side surface 25, or the inclination angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 may be the same or different between the concave portions 23A and 23B.
- the second curved surface 20 is arranged on the side closer to the rotation axis L1, and is continuously formed rearward in the rotation direction X from the vertex portion 18 .
- the second curved surface 20 is formed in an arc shape with a constant curvature except for the vicinity of the vertex 18, for example.
- An inner end portion 22 of the second curved surface 20 opposite to the vertex portion 18 is arranged in the rotor blade 15 at a position closest to the rotation axis L1.
- the second curved surface 20 faces the rear blade surface 17 of the rotary blade 15 that is positioned adjacently to the front in the rotation direction X (see FIG. 4).
- the surface length of the second curved surface 20 in plan view in FIGS. 4 and 5 is shorter than that of the first curved surface 19 .
- the rear plate 17 is arranged on the rear side of the front plate 16 (front wing surface), connects the outer end 21 and the inner end 22 of the front plate 16, and is concavely curved forward in the rotation direction X. ing. That is, the rear wing surface, which is the outer surface of the rear plate 17, is formed as a concave curved surface parallel to the rotation axis L1 and curved forward in the rotation direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the rear wing surface 17 is a part of a cylindrical surface including the rotation axis L1 in its surface. In other words, when viewed from above in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotation axis L1 is arranged at a position where the arc of the shape of the rear blade surface 17 is extended toward the rotation axis L1.
- the rotor blade 15 directs the wind (air current) that hits the rear blade surface 17 toward a wind tunnel portion 41 (see FIG. 3) described later, and directs the wind to the rotor blade 15 on the opposite side of the wind tunnel portion 41 .
- the rear wing surface 17 has a smaller depth of curvature than the front wing surface 16 . Therefore, a hollow space R (see FIG. 5) is formed between the front wing surface 16 and the rear wing surface 17 .
- the rotor blade 15 includes a cover plate 28 in addition to the front plate 16 and rear plate 17 described above.
- Two cover plates 28 are provided for each rotor blade 15 .
- the two cover plates 28 are formed in the same shape as each other, and are formed in a plate-like shape similar to the shape of the hollow space R in plan view shown in FIG.
- One of the two lid plates 28 is fixed to the upper end of the front plate 16 and the rear plate 17, which is one end in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1, and forms a space R (see FIG. 5). ) are closed.
- the other lid plate 28 is fixed to the lower ends of the front plate 16 and the rear plate 17, which are the other ends in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1, and closes the space R (see FIG. 5).
- the rotor blade 15 includes a pair of blade support portions 30 (30A, 30B) facing each other in the vertical direction.
- the front plate 16 , rear plate 17 and lid plate 28 are supported by wing supports 30 .
- the blade support portion 30 supports four rotor blades 15 .
- Light alloys such as aluminum, duralumin, and titanium, synthetic resins such as glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), polycarbonate (PC), and the like can be used as the material of the wing support portion 30. .
- the upper wing support part 30A is formed in a plate shape, and is provided so that the normal line of the central part 31, which will be described later, is parallel to the rotation axis L1. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the wing support portion 30A includes a circular center portion 31 provided at the position of the rotation axis L1, and four arms extending radially outward from the outer peripheral edge of the center portion 31. a portion 32; The center of the central portion 31 is located on the rotation axis L1. A first rotating shaft 51 (see FIG. 1) is fixed to the center of the central portion 31 .
- the four arm portions 32 have the same shape and are provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction around the center of the central portion 31 (in other words, the rotation axis L1).
- the arm portion 32 includes an arm body 33 (see FIG. 7) extending radially outward from the outer peripheral edge of the central portion 31 .
- the arm body 33 has a front end portion 33a formed in a curved shape (arc shape) so as to face in the direction opposite to the rotation direction X as the distance from the central portion 31 increases, and a front end portion 33a formed on the front side in the rotation direction X (advancing direction). It has a linear rear end portion 33b on the rear side of X.
- the curvature of the front end portion 33 a is the same as the curvature of the rear wing surface 17 .
- the front end portion 33a and the rear end portion 33b are formed to extend inward from the outer side in the radial direction of rotation.
- the front end portion 33a and the rear end portion of the cover plate 28 are overlapped, and fixed with screws or the like, so that each rotor blade 15 (front blade surface 16, rear blade surface 17, and lid plate 28) is It is connected to the arm body 33 .
- the rear end portion 33b is positioned rearward in the rotation direction X from the rear blade surface 17 of the connection target rotor 15 to which the arm body 33 is connected, and is positioned behind and next to the connection target rotor 15. It is positioned forward in the rotation direction X of the front blade surface 16 of the blade 15 .
- the central portion 31 and the arm main body 33 correspond to the main body portion.
- the arm portion 32 includes an arm body 33 and an inclined portion 34 that stands obliquely from a rear end portion 33b of the arm body 33.
- the inclined portion 34 is connected to the arm body 33 by welding or the like.
- the inclined portion 34 may be formed by bending a plate material forming the arm body 33 .
- the inclined portion 34 is formed in a plate shape extending linearly along the rear end portion 33b. In the present embodiment, the entire inclined portion 34 is located behind the rear blade surface 17 of the connection target rotor blade 15 in the rotation direction X, and is positioned further in the rotation direction X than the front blade surface 16 of the subsequent rotor blade 15. located forward.
- the oblique direction is a direction component toward the side opposite to the side on which the rotor blade 15 (in other words, the rear blade surface 17) is arranged in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1 (that is, the upward direction in the upper blade support portion 30A).
- component downward component in the case of the lower wing support portion 30B
- a directional component toward the rear of the rotation direction X FIG. Therefore, when the end of the inclined portion 34 connected to the arm body 33 is the base end (corresponding to the rear end 33b of the arm body 33) and the opposite end 34a is the tip, the upper side
- the position of the inclined portion 34 of the wing support portion 30A is gradually changed upward and rearward in the rotation direction X from the base end toward the tip portion 34a.
- One surface 34b (see FIG. 8) of the inclined portion 34 of the upper wing support portion 30A faces an upper and forward region in the rotation direction X.
- the other surface 34c (see FIG. 8) of the inclined portion 34 faces a lower and rear region in the rotation direction X, that is, a region facing the rear blade surface 17 of the connection target rotor blade 15. As shown in FIG.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 4 of the inclined portion 34 with respect to the arm body 33 is, for example, less than 90 degrees, more specifically, for example, 15 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 4 is the angle formed between the inclined portion 34 and a virtual plane 35 obtained by extending the surface of the arm main body 33 from the rear end portion 33b to the outside.
- the arm portion 32 includes a plurality of plate-like standing portions 36 as ribs in addition to the arm body 33 and the inclined portion 34 .
- the plurality of standing portions 36 are provided along the rear end portion 33b of the arm body 33 at intervals.
- Each standing portion 36 is provided on the outer surface of the arm body 33 (the surface opposite to the side where the wind tunnel portion 41 described later is formed, the surface opposite to the surface facing the area facing the rear wing surface 17) (upper side). ) and the surface 34b of the inclined portion 34 facing forward in the rotation direction X.
- the upright portion 36 is formed in a triangular plate shape, and one side of the triangle is all connected to the arm body 33 by welding or the like, and the other side is all connected to the inclined portion 34 by welding or the like. , and the remaining one side is not connected to anything.
- One end of one side of the standing portion 36 connected to the inclined portion 34 is located at the base end portion 33b of the inclined portion 34, and the other end is located at the tip portion 34a of the inclined portion 34.
- One end of one side of the standing portion 36 connected to the arm body 33 is positioned at the rear end portion 33b of the arm body 33, and the other end is positioned away from the front end portion 33a of the arm body 33. As shown in FIG.
- the plurality of erected portions 36 are, for example, two erected portions 36a and 36b positioned at both ends of the rear end portion 33b of the arm body 33, and positioned between the erected portions 36a and 36b. and a plurality of (three in the example of FIG. 7) erected portions 36c.
- a front portion of the inclined portion 34 is partitioned into a plurality of spaces 37 by the plurality of erected portions 36 .
- each standing portion 36 may be connected to one or both of the arm body 33 and the inclined portion 34 at an angle other than a right angle, or may be provided non-parallel to the adjacent standing portion 36 .
- the lower wing support portion 30B is formed in a shape symmetrical to the upper wing support portion 30A with respect to a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis L1.
- the wing support portion 30B differs from the upper wing support portion 30A in that the inclined portion 34 and the standing portion 36 are provided below the arm body 33, and the rest is the same as the upper wing support portion 30A. be.
- the center of the lower wing support portion 30B is fixed to the first spacer 71 (see FIG. 1) with screws or the like.
- a wind tunnel portion 41 which is a hollow portion 41A, is formed.
- the wind tunnel portion 41 is not provided with an actual rotating shaft.
- the lower part 4 (see FIG. 1) of the first wind turbine 2 is provided below the upper part 3 and has a common rotation axis L1 with the upper part 3 .
- the lower stage portion 4 is arranged at a position shifted by a predetermined angle from the upper stage portion 3 in the direction around the rotation axis L1, and otherwise has the same configuration as the upper stage portion 3 .
- the lower section 4 has the same number of rotor blades 45 as the rotor blades 15 of the upper section 3 (that is, four blades).
- the rotor blades 45 have the same shape as each other, and have the same shape as the rotor blades 15 of the upper stage portion 3 .
- each rotor blade 45 is arranged at equal intervals in the direction of the rotation axis L1.
- the rotor blade 45 is provided so as to rotate in the same direction X as the rotor blade 15 of the upper stage 3. That is, the front blade surface (convex curved surface) of the rotary blade 45 faces the direction X, surface) is provided so as to be opposite to the direction X.
- the predetermined angle is half the angle (specifically, 90 degrees) indicating the arrangement interval of the rotor blades 15 of the upper stage 3 in the direction around the rotation axis L1, that is, 45 degrees. Therefore, each rotor blade 45 of the lower stage portion 4 is provided at an intermediate position between the adjacent rotor blades 15, 15 of the upper stage portion 3 when viewed from above in FIG.
- the length of the lower section 4 (rotary blades 45) in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1 is the same as the length of the upper section 3 (rotary blades 15). can be different.
- illustration of the concave portion formed in the first curved surface, and the inclined portion and the standing portion formed in the wing support portion is omitted.
- the center of the upper wing support portion of the lower stage portion 4 is fixed to the first spacer 71 (see FIG. 1) with screws or the like.
- a second rotary shaft 52 (see FIG. 1) is fixed to the center of the lower wing support portion of the lower stage portion 4 .
- the upper stage portion 3 and the lower stage portion 4 are spaced apart in the direction of the rotation axis L1 by the first spacer 71, and are connected so as to rotate integrally at the same rotation direction and at the same rotation speed. . Therefore, the rotor blades 15 of the upper stage portion 3 and the rotor blades 45 of the lower stage portion 4 rotate in the rotation direction X while maintaining a rotation angle difference of 45 degrees.
- the first spacer 71 is provided so that its axis coincides with the rotation axis L1 and is rotatable about the axis.
- the length of the first spacer 71 in the axial direction is the same as the inclined portion of the lower blade support portion 30B of the upper stage portion 3 (the portion corresponding to the inclined portion 34 of the blade support portion 30A in FIGS. 7 and 8), and the lower portion 4 (the portion corresponding to the inclined portion 34 in FIGS. 7 and 8) of the upper wing support portion of FIG.
- a first rotating shaft 51 and a second rotating shaft 52 connected to the top and bottom of the first wind turbine 2 are members that define the rotation axis L1, and are supported by shaft support portions so as to be rotatable around the axis L1. Therefore, the first windmill 2 is provided rotatably around the axis L1.
- the overall shape of the second windmill 5 is a mirror image of the first windmill 2 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis L1, and it is longer than the first windmill 2 in the direction of the rotation axis L1. It has the same configuration as the first wind turbine 2 except that the That is, the second wind turbine 5 is arranged below the first wind turbine 2 with the generator 8 interposed therebetween.
- the second windmill 5 has a rotation axis L ⁇ b>1 common to the first windmill 2 , but is provided so as to rotate in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first windmill 2 .
- the second wind turbine 5 is divided into two upper and lower stages, and includes an upper stage portion 6 and a lower stage portion 7 .
- the upper stage 6 is configured with the same number of rotor blades (that is, four) as the rotor blades 15 and 45 of the upper stage 3 or the lower stage 4 of the first wind turbine 2 (including a pair of upper and lower blade support portions). .
- the front blade surface, the rear blade surface and the cover plate of each rotor blade of the upper stage 6 have the same shape as the rotor blades 15 and 45 of the first wind turbine 2, except that the direction of rotation is opposite.
- the blade support portions of the upper stage portion 6 have the same shape as the blade support portions 30A and 30B of the first wind turbine 2, except that they rotate in the opposite direction.
- the center of the upper wing support portion of the upper stage portion 6 is fixed to the third rotating shaft 53 (see FIG. 1).
- the center of the lower wing support portion of the upper stage portion 6 is fixed to a second spacer 72 (see FIG. 1).
- the lower stage portion 7 has the same number of rotor blades (that is, four blades) as the rotor blades of the upper stage portion 6, and these rotor blades rotate in the same direction as the rotor blades of the upper stage portion 6. It is provided at a position shifted by 45 degrees with respect to the rotating blade.
- the center of the upper wing support portion of the lower stage portion 7 is fixed to the second spacer 72 .
- the center of the lower wing support portion of the lower stage portion 7 is fixed to the fourth rotary shaft 54 (see FIG. 1).
- the length of the lower portion 7 in the direction parallel to the rotation axis L1 is the same as the length of the upper portion 6, but may be different from the length of the upper portion 6.
- the upper stage portion 6 and the lower stage portion 7 are spaced apart in the direction of the rotation axis L1 by the second spacer 72, and are connected so as to rotate integrally at the same rotation direction and at the same rotation speed. . Therefore, the rotor blades of the upper stage portion 6 and the rotor blades of the lower stage portion 7 rotate while maintaining a rotation angle difference of 45 degrees.
- the second spacer 72 is provided so that its axis coincides with the rotation axis L1, and is rotatable around the axis.
- the length of the second spacer 72 in the axial direction is the same as the inclined portion of the lower blade support portion of the upper step portion 6 (the portion corresponding to the inclined portion 34 in FIGS. 7 and 8) and the upper blade support portion of the lower step portion 7 . It is set to a length that does not come into contact with the slanted portion of the portion (the portion corresponding to the slanted portion 34 in FIGS. 7 and 8).
- a third rotating shaft 53 and a fourth rotating shaft 54 connected to the upper and lower sides of the second windmill 5 are members that define the rotation axis L1, and are supported by shaft support portions so as to be rotatable around the axis L1. Therefore, the second windmill 5 is provided rotatably around the axis L1.
- the length of the second windmill 5 in the direction parallel to the axis L1 is longer than that of the first windmill 2, but it may be set to the same length as the first windmill 2.
- the generator 8 is arranged between the first windmill 2 and the second windmill 5, and includes a first rotor 61 and a second rotor 62 inside a case 120, as shown in FIG.
- the case 120 is fixed to the struts 10 of the support frame 9 by means of connecting members 12 (see FIG. 2).
- the first rotor 61 is provided with a plurality of field magnets 101 in a magnetized state at regular intervals around the rotation axis L1.
- the first rotor 61 includes a field magnet 101 inside a flat first rotor body 103 having a hollow structure, and a second rotating shaft extending upward from the center of the first rotor body 103.
- the above-described first windmill 2 is coupled so as to be rotatable together.
- the field magnet 101 is a flat permanent magnet magnetized in the thickness direction (vertical direction), and is arranged so that the polarities of adjacent magnets are opposite to each other.
- the first rotor body 103 is composed of an upper rotor component 103A and a lower rotor component 103B, and the rotor components 103A and 103B are provided with the same number of field magnets 101.
- the field magnet 101B attached to the lower rotor component 103B is arranged at a position corresponding to the field magnet 101A attached to the upper rotor component 103A. , are magnetized in opposite directions. That is, if the downward surface of the field magnet 101A is N(S), the upward surface of the field magnet 101B is S(N).
- the second rotating shaft 52 is attached to the upper rotor component 103A so as to be able to rotate integrally therewith.
- the second rotor 62 is provided with a plurality of power generation coils 102 that are excited by field magnets 101 .
- the power generation coils 102 are arranged so that their central axes are parallel to the rotation axis L1, and the same number as the field magnets 101 are provided around the rotation axis L1 at regular intervals.
- the field magnet 101 and the power generation coil 102 are opposed to each other with a gap therebetween in the direction of the rotation axis L1.
- the second rotor 62 has the power generating coils 102 fixed to the coil fixing holes 130 formed in the disk-shaped second rotor main body 106 .
- the second rotor body 106 is arranged inside the first rotor body 103, and the third rotating shaft 53 extending downward from the center of the second rotor body 106 penetrates the lower rotor part 103B of the first rotor body 103. ing.
- the second windmill 5 described above is coupled to the third rotating shaft 53 so as to be rotatable together.
- a slip ring 136 connected to each of the power generation coils 102 is fitted to the third rotating shaft 53, and power generation output is taken out via a brush 135 that is in sliding contact with the slip ring 136. .
- the power generation coils 102 are assembled in the coil fixing holes 130 such that the winding directions of adjacent coils are opposite to each other.
- the second rotating shaft 52 and the third rotating shaft 53 are supported by a bearing 124 provided inside the case 120 so as to be rotatable about the axis L1.
- the bearing 124 and the case 120 that accommodates and supports the bearing 124 function as shaft support portions for the rotating shafts 52 and 53 .
- the shaft support portions of the first rotating shaft 51 and the fourth rotating shaft 54 are also composed of bearings and a case that accommodates them.
- FIG. 13 the flow of the wind when receiving the wind from between two of the four rotor blades 15 of the upper stage portion 3 of the first wind turbine 2 toward the wind tunnel portion 41 is indicated by a dashed line. is indicated.
- the rotor blade 15 positioned on the windward side in the rotation direction X in FIG. , 15D to distinguish the four rotor blades 15 accordingly.
- the wind hits only the rear blade surface 17, and a force FB1 including a component in the rotation direction X acts.
- the wind hits the front blade surface 16 and generates a force in the direction opposite to the rotation direction X.
- the rotor 15D rotates in the rotation direction X due to the difference in relative airflow velocity between the first curved surface 19 and the second curved surface 20. occurs in the direction Since this lift is generated in the direction of rotation X, it at least partially cancels the force of the headwind acting on the front wing surface 16 .
- the rotor blade 15 is designed so that the lift torque when receiving an airflow in the normal direction at the vertex portion 18 overcomes the reaction torque due to the head wind.
- a force FD1 including a component acts.
- the rotary blade 15D acts as a wall for the rotary blade 15B, and the wind hardly hits it. Therefore, almost no force acts on the rotor blade 15B.
- the wind directly hits part of the first curved surface 19 of the front blade surface 16, and a force in the direction opposite to the rotation direction X acts.
- the rear blade surface 17 of the rotor blade 15C is hit by the wind that has passed through the wind tunnel 41 after hitting the rear blade surface 17 of the rotor blade 15A, and a force in the rotation direction X is applied. These forces are partially canceled, and FC2 including a component in the direction of rotation X acts on the rotor blade 15C.
- the wind hits the front blade surface 16 and becomes a headwind in the rotation direction X. Therefore, a force that prevents rotation in the rotation direction X acts on the front blade surface 16 .
- the wind that hits the front blade surface 16 of the rotor blade 15D is divided into the rotor blade 15A side and the rotor blade 15C side, and the wind that flows to the rotor blade 15A side is channeled by the rear blade surface 17 of the rotor blade 15A. You will be directed to 41. That is, the wind that flows toward the rotor blade 15 ⁇ /b>A turns around the vertex 18 and hits the second curved surface 20 . Then, in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. A lift force is generated in the direction of rotation X due to the difference. As a result, a force FD2 acts in the rotation direction X on the rotor blade 15A.
- the second windmill 5 has a shape obtained by vertically mirroring the first windmill 2, and is longer than the first windmill 2 in the direction of the rotation axis L1. Since it has the same configuration as 2, it starts rotating in the direction opposite to the rotation direction X of the first windmill 2 even if the wind hits it from any direction on the side, and continues to rotate while the wind hits it. .
- the first windmill 2 and the second windmill 5 rotate in opposite directions at substantially the same speed. Therefore, the relative rotational speed between the field magnet 101 provided on the first rotor 61 and the power generation coil 102 provided on the second rotor 62 is The rotation speed becomes twice as high as when the is stopped. Therefore, the AC power generation voltage of the power generation coil 102 can be doubled as compared to when one of the field magnet 101 and the power generation coil 102 is stopped.
- FIG. 15 schematically shows a state in which a wind (WIND) (that is, a tailwind) from behind in the rotation direction X acts on the rotor blades 15 of the upper section 3 of the first wind turbine 2 .
- WIND wind
- part of the wind (WIND) from the rear hits the concave portion 23 formed in the first curved surface 19 .
- a drag force D1 that causes the rotor blades 15 to advance in the rotation direction X can be generated. Since the drag D1 is generated not only on the rear blade surface 17 but also on the first curved surface 19, the rotational force of the rotor blade 15 can be improved, in other words, the rotor blade 15 can be efficiently rotated.
- the concave portion 23 is formed not on the second curved surface 20 but on the first curved surface 19 facing outward in the radial direction of rotation, so that the wind flowing outward in the radial direction of rotation is effectively used to generate rotational force. can effectively catch the wind flowing outside.
- the recessed portion 23 functioning as a drag generating portion is formed at a position closest to the outer end portion 21 farthest from the rotation axis L1 in the rotor blade 15, the rotational torque applied to the position of the rotation axis L1 is increased. can.
- the first inner side surface 24 of the concave portion 23 faces rearward in the rotation direction X, and the inclination angle ⁇ 3 (see FIG.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 (see FIG. 6) of the first inner side surface 24 is, for example, 60 degrees or more and 150 degrees or less, preferably 90 degrees or more and 150 degrees or less. Even if the direction of the wind is changed, the first inner surface 24 is likely to receive the wind from the rear at a right angle or an angle close to the right angle to the surface 24 . For example, in FIG. 15, even if the rotor 15 rotates counterclockwise 30 degrees while the direction of the wind remains the same, the first inner surface 24 of the recess 23 can receive the wind at an angle close to a right angle. . Thereby, the duration of the drag D1 can be lengthened.
- a drag force is generated at a position (recess 23) different from the rear blade surface 17, so that the position around the rotation axis L1 (in other words, the rotation angle). Fluctuations in the drag generated by the blades 15 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 17 schematically shows a state in which a wind (WIND) from the front in the rotation direction X (that is, a headwind) acts on the rotor blades 15 .
- the concave portion 23 functions as a vortex generator to generate an air swirl T (in other words, an air pool) in the concave portion 23 . Due to this local vortex T, the wind (WIND) flowing along the first curved surface 19 from the front can be suppressed from going around to the region 200 facing the rear blade surface 17 . Thereby, the air resistance to the following rotor blades 15 can be reduced, and the rotor blades 15 can be efficiently rotated.
- the vortex generator 23 is configured as a concave portion instead of a convex portion, it is possible to suppress air resistance that prevents the vortex generator 23 from moving in the rotation direction X.
- the vortex generator 23 (concave portion) is formed at a position closer to the outer end portion 21 than the vertex portion 18, it is possible to effectively suppress the wraparound of the airflow from the outer end portion 21 to the rear blade surface facing region 200. .
- the first inner side surface 24 of the concave portion 23 faces backward in the rotation direction X, and the inclination angle ⁇ 3 (see FIG. 6) of the second inner side surface 25 with respect to the main surface 26 or the virtual curved surface 260 is 24, the main surface 26 or the virtual curved surface 260 has an angle smaller than the inclination angle ⁇ 1 (see FIG. 6), so the rearward drag force caused by the front wind hitting the concave portion 23 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 19 schematically shows a state in which wind (WIND) (that is, a tailwind) from behind in the rotation direction X acts on the rotor blades 15 of the upper section 3 of the first windmill 2 .
- WIND wind
- the inclined portion 34 wing support portion
- D2 forward X drag force
- the inclined portion 34 has a directional component from the upper and lower ends of the rotor blade 15 toward the side opposite to the side where the rotor blade 15 (rear blade surface 17) is arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis L1, and a rearward portion in the rotation direction X. Since the air V (see FIG. 19) positioned in the rotation direction X front region of the inclined portion 34 can be guided in the above-described oblique direction, the inclined portion 34 moves forward X. You can suppress the air resistance that interferes with
- the inclined portion 34 can improve the rigidity of the plate-shaped wing support portion 30 .
- the rigidity of the wing support portion 30 can be further improved.
- the rear end portion 33b and the inclined portion 34 are formed in a straight line, the blade support portion 30 can be manufactured more easily than in the case where they are formed in a curved shape.
- the inclined portion 34 is provided behind the rear blade surface 17 in the rotation direction X, the inclined portion 34 can function as a guide vane that guides the rear wind to the rear blade surface 17 . .
- the wind from the rear can be concentrated on the rear wing surface 17, and the drag to the front X generated on the rear wing surface 17 can be increased.
- FIG. 20 schematically shows a state in which a wind (WIND) from the front in the rotation direction X (that is, a headwind) acts on the rotor blades 15 .
- a wind WIND
- the inclined portion 34 is provided in the diagonal direction, as shown in FIG. 20, the headwind from the front can be guided in the diagonal direction, preventing the inclined portion 34 from creating air resistance that hinders movement in the forward X direction. can be suppressed.
- the wind W induced in the oblique direction contributes to the generation of rotational force of the rotating blades of other rotating portions (specifically, the rotating blades 45 of the lower portion 4) vertically adjacent to the upper portion 3. can be done.
- the wing support portion 30 of the upper stage portion 3 is provided with a plurality of standing portions 36 standing from both the surfaces of the arm body 33 and the inclined portion 34. , the rigidity of the wing support portion 30 can be further improved.
- each standing portion 36 can function as a vortex generator. That is, by dividing the front of the inclined portion 34 into a plurality of spaces 37 by the plurality of standing portions 36 (see FIG. 7), local vortices are generated in each of the spaces 37. It is possible to suppress the wind W (see FIG. 20) from flowing around to the area 200 facing the rear wing surface 17 .
- the upright portion 36 is connected to one or both of the arm body 33 and the inclined portion 34 at an angle other than a right angle, or is provided non-parallel to the adjacent upright portion 36, thereby causing the upright portion 36 to It is possible to effectively function as a vortex generator, that is, to effectively generate a local eddy current in the standing portion 36 (space 37). Thereby, the air resistance to the following rotor blades 15 can be reduced, and the rotor blades 15 can be efficiently rotated.
- the rotor blades 45 of the lower stage portion 4 of the first windmill 2 and the rotor blades of the second windmill 5 are also formed in the same shape as the rotor blades 15 of the upper stage portion 3, the function of the standing portion 36 of the rotor blades 15 is You can get the same effect as the effect.
- the first wind turbine 2 is divided into an upper stage portion 3 and a lower stage portion 4, and the angle difference between the upper stage portion 3 and the lower stage portion 4 is 45 degrees in the circumferential direction around the rotation axis L1. As will be described below, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation of the resistance (rotational torque) with respect to the rotation angle.
- FIG. 21 shows the rotational position of the drag force applied to each rotating blade and rotating shaft when wind is supplied from a fixed direction perpendicular to the rotation axis to the conventional windmill structure disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3. is shown by lines 411-415.
- the wind turbine used in the experiment of FIG. 21 has four rotor blades 401-404 having the same shape as the rotor blades disclosed in Patent Documents 1-3.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 21 indicates the positions of the rotor blades 401 to 404 in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates the time indicating the position of the first rotor blade 401 for every 30-degree rotation.
- Lines 411 to 414 in FIG. 21 indicate variations in drag for each of the rotor blades 401 to 404.
- FIG. Line 415 shows the variation in drag on the rotating shaft 405 (see FIG. 22).
- each rotor blade 401 to 404 has a rotation angle at which the rear blade surface is susceptible to wind (rotation at local maximum points 421 to 424 (maximum drag force) of each line 411 to 414).
- angle a rotation angle that provides a tailwind against the direction of travel of the rotor blades 401 to 404
- a rotation angle that is less susceptible to wind on the rear blade surface a headwind with respect to the direction of travel of the rotor blades 401 to 404 rotation angle
- the maximum drag forces 421 to 424 for each of the rotor blades 401 to 404 are alternately generated at intervals of the arrangement interval angle (90 degrees) of the rotor blades 401 to 404 .
- the drag forces 411 to 414 generated by the rotor blades 401 to 404 fluctuate greatly, the drag force 415 on the rotating shaft 405 also fluctuates greatly.
- the first wind turbine 2 includes the upper stage portion 3 and the lower stage portion 4 which are provided with an angular difference of 45 degrees in the circumferential direction.
- the maximum drag-generating rotation angles at lower stage 4 can be produced at intermediate points 431-434 in FIG. 21 as indicated by dashed line 440.
- a dashed line 440 corresponds to the resistance variation of the lower section 4 with respect to the rotation angle.
- line 451 (average value of lines 411 to 414 and dashed line 440) indicating the average drag force of the two-stage structure is line 450 (average value of lines 411 to 414) indicating the average drag force of the single-stage structure.
- being able to suppress drag force fluctuation means that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the rotation speed of the rotor blades when the rotor blades receive a headwind relative to the rotation speed of the rotor blades when the rotor blades receive a tailwind.
- By suppressing a decrease in rotational speed when the rotor blade receives a headwind it is possible to effectively generate lift against the headwind on the front blade surface, in other words, the first curved surface of the front blade surface.
- the lift generated by the second curved surface can be increased.
- the upper stage portion 3 and the lower stage portion 4 are provided at different positions in the direction of the rotation axis L1, compared to a structure in which eight rotor blades are arranged at equal intervals in the same position in the direction of the rotation axis L1, It is possible to increase the space between the rotor blades in the direction around the rotation axis L1. This makes it easier for air to flow between the rotor blades.
- the rotation efficiency of the first wind turbine 2 can be improved. Further, since the second windmill 5 has the same structure as the first windmill 2 except that it rotates in the opposite direction to the first windmill 2, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the first windmill 2. can.
- the present disclosure presenter has a one-stage rotating body in which four rotor blades having the same shape as the conventional rotor blades shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the present disclosure person prepares two rotating bodies used in the measurement of the comparative example, rotates the two rotating bodies so that the directions of rotation of the two rotating bodies are the same, and rotates the two rotating bodies.
- a rotating body with a two-stage structure, which is connected vertically, is configured so that there is an arrangement angle difference of 45 degrees between them in the circumferential direction.
- the same measurement as in the comparative example was performed on this two-stage rotating body.
- the diameter of the rotating body used for the measurement of the comparative example and the working example is 500 mm.
- the rotor blades used in the measurements of the comparative example and the working example the rotor blades without the recesses, inclined portions and erected portions described above were used.
- the amount of power generation and rotation speed were improved compared to the one-stage structure comparative example.
- the maximum power generation amount was about 13 W in the comparative example, while the maximum power generation amount was about 40 W in the example.
- the maximum power generation amount of 40 W in the example was about 1.5 times larger than the power generation amount of 26 W when the number of stages was simply increased to two. This is the effect of providing an angular difference of 45 degrees in the circumferential direction between the two stages of rotating bodies.
- Table 1 shows the number of revolutions of the rotor for each wind speed when the wind speed and the peripheral speed of the rotor with a diameter of 500 mm are the same.
- the rotation speed was about 700 RPM when the wind speed was 14 m/s.
- This rotational speed of 700 RPM is greater than the rotational speed of 535 RPM at the wind speed of 14 m/s in Table 1.
- the two-stage rotating body used in the example rotates at a speed higher than the wind speed.
- the ratio of the peripheral speed of the rotating body to the wind speed was actually obtained, it was about 1.3.
- the peripheral speed ratio was about 1 in the comparative example.
- a drag wind turbine such as a Savonius wind turbine cannot obtain a peripheral speed higher than the wind speed (that is, the peripheral speed ratio cannot exceed 1). It is possible to obtain a circumferential speed higher than the wind speed (that is, a circumferential speed ratio greater than 1 can be obtained) by effectively generating lift in addition to drag.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible.
- the number of rotor blades provided in each step (upper step and lower step) of each wind turbine was four, but the number may be three or five or more. good too.
- the first windmill and the second windmill which rotate in opposite directions to each other, are stacked vertically in two stages.
- the support frame is configured to have three pillars, but it may have four or more pillars.
- the rear blade surface of the rotor blade is part of the cylindrical surface including the rotational axis of the rotor blade, but it does not have to be part of the cylindrical surface.
- the extension of the circular arc that is the shape of the rear wing surface toward the rotation axis does not have to intersect with the rotation axis.
- an axial gap type generator in which the field magnet and the power generation coil of the generator are arranged opposite to each other with a gap in the direction of the rotation axis was exemplified.
- a radial gap type generator may also be used in which the coils are opposed to each other in the radial direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation with a gap interposed therebetween.
- the first wind turbine and the second wind turbine are each divided into two stages, but they may be divided into three or more stages.
- the arrangement angles of the rotor blades in the circumferential direction are shifted while the rotational directions are the same among the plurality of stepped portions.
- the arrangement interval angle in the circumferential direction of the rotor blades in each step is Y, and the number of steps is N
- the arrangement position of the rotor blades in the rotation direction is changed by an angle of Y/N between the plurality of steps. shift.
- each stage has four rotor blades, and the arrangement interval angle Y is 90 degrees, then the upper stage and the middle stage are separated.
- the lower wing support portion of the upper stage portion and the upper wing support portion of the lower stage portion are formed into a shape that does not have the inclined portion and the standing portion (that is, the same shape as the wing support portions shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3). shape) with the two wing supports directly connected.
- the inclined portion and the standing portion are formed in the upper and lower blade support portions of each step portion (upper step portion, lower step portion) of each wind turbine.
- the inclined portion and the standing portion may be formed only on one of the .
- the cover plate closing the hollow portion formed between the front blade surface and the rear blade surface and the blade support portion supporting the rotary blade are separate members.
- the lid plate and the wing support may be constructed as the same member.
- the rotation axis of the rotating device is oriented in the vertical direction
- the rotation axis may be oriented in a direction other than the vertical direction (e.g., the horizontal direction) as long as it is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid. good.
- the concave portion formed in the first curved surface includes the first inner surface facing rearward in the rotational direction, and the first inner surface extending rearward from the end of the first inner surface in the concave direction.
- An example is shown that consists of two surfaces, the main surface or the second inner surface connected to the outer edge of the front wing surface, but the recess is composed of the first side facing backward in the rotational direction and the front facing in the rotational direction.
- the concave portion functions as a vortex generator against the headwind, suppressing the wraparound of the wind toward the rear wing surface side, and functions as a drag force generating portion forward in the rotational direction against the tailwind.
- the function of the vortex generator against the headwind and the function of the drag force generating portion against the tailwind can be effectively generated.
- the rear end of the arm body of the wing support portion is provided rearward in the rotational direction from the rear wing surface when viewed in plan view perpendicular to the rotation axis, but it overlaps the rear wing surface. It may be provided in the shape of an arc of curvature similar to that of the aft wing surface at a position. This also allows the inclined portion formed from the rear end portion of the arm body to function as a guide vane that guides the airflow to the rear blade surface. Further, a part of the rear end of the arm body is positioned rearward in the rotational direction from the rear wing surface in plan view, and the other part of the rear end part overlaps the rear wing surface in plan view. Alternatively, it may be located forward in the rotational direction from the rear wing surface.
- the present disclosure may also be applied to a water turbine, that is, to the structure of a rotor or rotating device that receives water flow (hydraulic power).
- the rotor blade, rotating device, or power generating device of the present disclosure may be mounted on a vehicle.
- the rotation axis of the rotor should be oriented in the lateral direction of the vehicle.
- the wedge-shaped recesses of the present disclosure formed in the first curved surface of the rotor blade may be formed so as to be distributed over the entire first curved surface when viewed from above.
- the recess may be formed not only at a position near the outer end of the rotor blade but also at a position near the boundary between the first curved surface and the second curved surface (apex of the front blade surface). . According to this, it is possible to increase the drag that is generated on the first curved surface and rotates the rotor blade in the rotational direction.
- the concave portion is formed in the first curved surface of the front blade surface
- the wing support portion is formed with the inclined portion
- the rotating device is provided with a plurality of stepped portions. and each step rotates in the same direction, and there is an angular difference in the arrangement position of the rotor blades in the direction of rotation.
- a rotor blade or rotating device satisfying only one or both of (2) and (3) may be configured. This also makes it possible to improve the rotational efficiency of the rotor blades compared to the conventional structure.
- the standing portion may or may not be provided so as to stand from both the surfaces of the arm main body and the inclined portion.
- the rotor blade of the present disclosure may be configured as follows. That is, the rotor blade of the present disclosure is A rotor that is rotatable about a rotation axis and receives a fluid, a front wing surface parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the direction of rotation; a rear wing surface disposed on the back side of the front wing surface, curved so as to be concave forward in the direction of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation, and having a depth of curvature smaller than that of the front wing surface; a wing supporting portion that supports ends of the front wing surface and the rear wing surface in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; In a plan view orthogonal to the rotation axis, the end of the front wing surface farther from the rotation axis is the outer end, and the end closer to the rotation axis is the inner end,
- the front wing surface is a first curved surface forming a portion away from the rotation axis and formed
- the wing support portion A rear end portion that supports the front blade surface and the rear blade surface and extends in the radial direction of rotation at a position overlapping the rear blade surface in plan view or at a position behind the rear blade surface in the rotational direction.
- a body forming a A directional component formed along the trailing end portion and directed from the trailing end portion to the side opposite to the side on which the trailing blade surface is arranged in a direction parallel to the rotational axis and a direction component directed rearward in the rotational direction a ramp formed in an oblique direction having a directional component.
- the rotating device of the present disclosure may be configured as follows. That is, the rotating device of the present disclosure is A plurality of stepped portions in which a plurality of rotor blades are arranged at equal intervals around the rotation axis are provided in the direction of the rotation axis,
- the rotor blade is A rotor blade that is rotatable about the rotation axis and receives a fluid, a front wing surface parallel to the rotation axis and curved so as to protrude forward in the direction of rotation; a rear wing surface disposed on the back side of the front wing surface, curved so as to be concave forward in the direction of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation, and having a depth of curvature smaller than that of the front wing surface; In a plan view orthogonal to the rotation axis, the end of the front wing surface farther from the rotation axis is the outer end, and the end closer to the rotation axis is the inner end,
- the front wing surface is a first curved
- the stepped portions are provided with the same number of rotor blades in the same rotational direction between the plurality of stepped portions, and the positions of the rotor blades in the direction around the rotation axis between the plurality of stepped portions are It has an angular difference, and the plurality of steps are connected so as to rotate while maintaining the angular difference.
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Abstract
Description
・前方からの流体の一部が前方翼面に沿って流れた後に後方翼面に対向した領域に回り込むことで、後続する回転翼に回転抵抗を生んでしまう。
・回転翼において後方翼面で流体を受ける時に最大抗力(換言すれば最大回転トルク)が発生する。複数の回転翼が回転軸線周りに配置された回転装置にあっては、複数の回転翼の回転に伴い回転翼ごとの最大抗力が交互に発生するが、回転位置に対する抗力(換言すれば回転トルク)の変動が大きい。
回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記第1湾曲面の、前記凹部が形成されていない部分を主面として、
前記凹部は、前記回転方向の後方を臨む段差を形成する第1内側面と、前記第1内側面の凹み方向における端部から前記回転方向の後方に向かって形成されて前記外側端部又は前記主面に繋がる第2内側面とを備え、
前記主面と前記第1内側面との境界部から前記凹部側に、該境界部での前記主面の曲率と同一曲率の面を延長した面を仮想曲面とし、
前記回転軸線に直角な断面で見て前記主面と前記第1内側面との境界部での前記主面の接線を該境界部から外側に延長した延長線と、該境界部での前記第1内側面の接線との成す角度、又は前記仮想曲面と前記第1内側面との境界部での前記仮想曲面の接線と、該境界部での前記第1内側面の接線との成す角度を前記第1内側面の傾斜角とし、
前記回転軸線に直角な断面で見て前記第2内側面と前記主面との境界部での前記第2内側面の接線を該境界部から外側に延長した延長線と、該境界部での前記主面の接線との成す角度、又は前記仮想曲面と前記第2内側面との境界部での前記仮想曲面の接線と、該境界部での前記第2内側面の接線との成す角度を前記第2内側面の傾斜角としたとき、
前記第2内側面の前記傾斜角は、前記第1内側面の前記傾斜角より小さい角度である。
回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面と、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面の、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における端部を支持する翼支持部とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記翼支持部は、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面を支持するとともに、前記平面視で見て前記後方翼面に重なる位置又は前記後方翼面よりも前記回転方向の後方の位置に回転径方向に延びる後端部を形成する本体部と、
前記後端部に沿って形成されるとともに、前記後端部から、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における前記後方翼面が配置される側の反対側に向かう方向成分と前記回転方向の後方に向かう方向成分とを有した斜め方向に形成される傾斜部とを備える。
回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられる、流体を受ける複数の回転翼が前記回転軸線の周りに等間隔に配置された段部を、前記回転軸線の方向に複数備え、
前記回転翼は、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記段部は、複数の前記段部間で互いに同一の個数の前記回転翼を備え、前記回転翼の回転方向は複数の前記段部間で同一方向であり、複数の前記段部間で前記回転軸線の周りの方向における前記回転翼の配置位置に角度差を有しており、前記角度差を維持しながら回転するように複数の前記段部が連結される。
さらに、各回転翼の前方翼面の第1湾曲面には凹部が形成されているので以下に示す作用効果を得ることができる。図15は、第1風車2の上段部3の回転翼15に対して回転方向Xの後方からの風(WIND)(つまり追い風)が作用した状態を模式的に示している。図15に示すように、後方からの風(WIND)の一部は第1湾曲面19に形成された凹部23に当たる。これによって、回転翼15を回転方向Xに進行させる抗力D1を発生させることができる。後方翼面17に加えて第1湾曲面19でも抗力D1が発生することで、回転翼15の回転力を向上でき、換言すれば回転翼15を効率よく回転させることができる。
各回転翼の上下端を支持する翼支持部には傾斜部が形成されているので、以下に示す作用効果を得ることができる。図19は、第1風車2の上段部3の回転翼15に対して回転方向Xの後方からの風(WIND)(つまり追い風)が作用した状態を模式的に示している。図19に示すように、後方翼面17に加えて上下の傾斜部34でも後方からの風を受けることができ、回転翼15の受風面積Sを大きくできる。言い換えれば、後方翼面17に加えて傾斜部34(翼支持部)でも前方Xへの抗力D2を発生させることができる。これにより、回転翼15を効率よく回転させることができる。
また、図7、図19、図20に示すように、上段部3の翼支持部30にはアーム本体33と傾斜部34の双方の面から立つ複数の立設部36が設けられているので、翼支持部30の剛性をより一層向上できる。
また、第1風車2は上段部3と下段部4とに分割されており、これら上段部3及び下段部4が回転軸線L1を中心とした円周方向において45度の角度差があるので、以下に説明するように回転角度に対する抗力(回転トルク)の変動を小さくできる。
すなわち本開示の回転翼は、
回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面と、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面の、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における端部を支持する翼支持部とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記翼支持部は、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面を支持するとともに、前記平面視で見て前記後方翼面に重なる位置又は前記後方翼面よりも前記回転方向の後方の位置に回転径方向に延びる後端部を形成する本体部と、
前記後端部に沿って形成されるとともに、前記後端部から、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における前記後方翼面が配置される側の反対側に向かう方向成分と前記回転方向の後方に向かう方向成分とを有した斜め方向に形成される傾斜部とを備える。
すなわち本開示の回転装置は、
複数の回転翼が回転軸線の周りに等間隔に配置された段部を、前記回転軸線の方向に複数備え、
前記回転翼は、
前記回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記段部は、複数の前記段部間で互いに同一の個数かつ同一の回転方向の前記回転翼を備え、複数の前記段部間で前記回転軸線の周りの方向における前記回転翼の配置位置に角度差を有しており、前記角度差を維持しながら回転するように複数の前記段部が連結される。
2 第1風車(第1回転装置)
3 第1風車の上段部
4 第1風車の下段部
5 第2風車(第2回転装置)
6 第2風車の上段部
7 第2風車の下段部
8 発電機(発電部)
15、45 回転翼
16 前方翼面
17 後方翼面
19 第1湾曲面
20 第2湾曲面
21 回転翼の外側端部
22 回転翼の内側端部
23 凹部
30、30A、30B 翼支持部
31 翼支持部の中央部
32 翼支持部のアーム部
33 アーム本体
33b アーム本体の後端部
34 アーム部の傾斜部
36 アーム部の立設部
Claims (12)
- 回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記第1湾曲面の、前記凹部が形成されていない部分を主面として、
前記凹部は、前記回転方向の後方を臨む段差を形成する第1内側面と、前記第1内側面の凹み方向における端部から前記回転方向の後方に向かって形成されて前記外側端部又は前記主面に繋がる第2内側面とを備え、
前記主面と前記第1内側面との境界部から前記凹部側に、該境界部での前記主面の曲率と同一曲率の面を延長した面を仮想曲面とし、
前記回転軸線に直角な断面で見て前記主面と前記第1内側面との境界部での前記主面の接線を該境界部から外側に延長した延長線と、該境界部での前記第1内側面の接線との成す角度、又は前記仮想曲面と前記第1内側面との境界部での前記仮想曲面の接線と、該境界部での前記第1内側面の接線との成す角度を前記第1内側面の傾斜角とし、
前記回転軸線に直角な断面で見て前記第2内側面と前記主面との境界部での前記第2内側面の接線を該境界部から外側に延長した延長線と、該境界部での前記主面の接線との成す角度、又は前記仮想曲面と前記第2内側面との境界部での前記仮想曲面の接線と、該境界部での前記第2内側面の接線との成す角度を前記第2内側面の傾斜角としたとき、
前記第2内側面の前記傾斜角は、前記第1内側面の前記傾斜角より小さい角度である、
回転翼。 - 前記第1内側面の前記傾斜角は90度以上150度以下である請求項1に記載の回転翼。
- 回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられ、流体を受ける回転翼であって、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面と、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面の、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における端部を支持する翼支持部とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記翼支持部は、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面を支持するとともに、前記平面視で見て前記後方翼面に重なる位置又は前記後方翼面よりも前記回転方向の後方の位置に回転径方向に延びる後端部を形成する本体部と、
前記後端部に沿って形成されるとともに、前記後端部から、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における前記後方翼面が配置される側の反対側に向かう方向成分と前記回転方向の後方に向かう方向成分とを有した斜め方向に形成される傾斜部とを備える、
回転翼。 - 前記凹部は、前記第1湾曲面と前記第2湾曲面との境界部よりも前記外側端部に近い位置に形成される請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の回転翼。
- 前記第1湾曲面の、前記凹部が形成されていない部分を主面として、
前記凹部は、前記回転方向の後方を臨む段差を形成する第1内側面と、前記第1内側面の凹み方向における端部から前記回転方向の後方に向かって形成されて前記外側端部又は前記主面に繋がる第2内側面とを備える請求項3に記載の回転翼。 - 前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面の、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における端部を支持する翼支持部を備え、
前記翼支持部は、
前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面を支持するとともに、前記平面視で見て前記後方翼面に重なる位置又は前記後方翼面よりも前記回転方向の後方の位置に回転径方向に延びる後端部を形成する本体部と、
前記後端部に沿って形成されるとともに、前記後端部から、前記回転軸線に平行な方向における前記後方翼面が配置される側の反対側に向かう方向成分と前記回転方向の後方に向かう方向成分とを有した斜め方向に形成される傾斜部とを備える請求項1又は2に記載の回転翼。 - 前記本体部は、
前記回転軸線の位置に設けられる中央部と、
前記中央部の外周から回転径方向に延びるように設けられて、前記前方翼面及び前記後方翼面を支持するとともに、前記後端部を形成するアーム部とを備える請求項3又は6に記載の回転翼。 - 前記翼支持部は、前記後端部に沿って間隔をあけて設けられて前記アーム部と前記傾斜部の双方の面から立つように設けられる複数の立設部を備える請求項7に記載の回転翼。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の複数の回転翼が前記回転軸線の周りに等間隔に配置された段部を、前記回転軸線の方向に複数備え、
前記段部は、複数の前記段部間で互いに同一の個数の前記回転翼を備え、前記回転翼の回転方向は複数の前記段部間で同一方向であり、複数の前記段部間で前記回転軸線の周りの方向における前記回転翼の配置位置に角度差を有しており、前記角度差を維持しながら回転するように複数の前記段部が連結される回転装置。 - 回転軸線を中心に回転可能に設けられる、流体を受ける複数の回転翼が前記回転軸線の周りに等間隔に配置された段部を、前記回転軸線の方向に複数備え、
前記回転翼は、
前記回転軸線と平行かつ回転方向の前方に突出するように湾曲する前方翼面と、
前記前方翼面の背面側に配置され、前記回転軸線と平行かつ前記回転方向の前方に凹むように湾曲し、前記前方翼面よりも湾曲深さが小さい後方翼面とを備え、
前記回転軸線に直交する平面視において、前記前方翼面の、前記回転軸線に遠い側の端部を外側端部、前記回転軸線に近い側の端部を内側端部として、
前記前方翼面は、
前記回転軸線から離れた部分を構成し、前記外側端部から前記回転方向の前方に向かって形成される第1湾曲面と、
前記回転軸線に近い部分を構成し、前記第1湾曲面の前記外側端部の反対側から前記回転方向の後方に向かって前記内側端部に繋がるように形成され、前記平面視における面長が前記第1湾曲面よりも短い第2湾曲面とを備え、
前記第1湾曲面には凹部が形成され、
前記段部は、複数の前記段部間で互いに同一の個数の前記回転翼を備え、前記回転翼の回転方向は複数の前記段部間で同一方向であり、複数の前記段部間で前記回転軸線の周りの方向における前記回転翼の配置位置に角度差を有しており、前記角度差を維持しながら回転するように複数の前記段部が連結される回転装置。 - 前記角度差を維持しながら同一方向に回転するように連結される前記段部の個数は2つであり、
前記角度差は、1つの前記段部に備えられる複数の前記回転翼の、前記回転軸線の周りの方向における配置間隔を示す角度の半分の角度である請求項9又は10に記載の回転装置。 - 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の回転装置である第1回転装置と、
前記第1回転装置と前記回転軸線を共通にして設けられ、前記第1回転装置の回転方向と逆方向に回転するように設けられる、請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の回転装置である第2回転装置と、
前記第1回転装置の回転に連動して回転する界磁用磁石と前記第2回転装置の回転に連動して回転する発電用コイルとを備えた発電部と、
を備える発電装置。
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JP3905121B1 (ja) | 2006-06-02 | 2007-04-18 | 政春 加藤 | 風車用の羽根、風車、及び、風力発電機 |
JP2008082251A (ja) | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-10 | Masaharu Kato | 発電装置 |
WO2014175613A1 (ko) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-30 | Lee Dal Ju | 수직축 방식의 풍력발전장치 |
WO2014181585A1 (ja) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-13 | 株式会社エコ・テクノロジー | ハイブリット型風力発電装置 |
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JP2008082251A (ja) | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-10 | Masaharu Kato | 発電装置 |
WO2014175613A1 (ko) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-30 | Lee Dal Ju | 수직축 방식의 풍력발전장치 |
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