WO2022162898A1 - Uボルト、施工方法及び検出装置 - Google Patents
Uボルト、施工方法及び検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022162898A1 WO2022162898A1 PCT/JP2021/003355 JP2021003355W WO2022162898A1 WO 2022162898 A1 WO2022162898 A1 WO 2022162898A1 JP 2021003355 W JP2021003355 W JP 2021003355W WO 2022162898 A1 WO2022162898 A1 WO 2022162898A1
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- bolt
- strain
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- observation image
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/02—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/02—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing
- F16L3/04—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets partly surrounding the pipes, cables or protective tubing and pressing it against a wall or other support
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/08—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
- F16L3/10—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing divided, i.e. with two or more members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing
- F16L3/1091—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing divided, i.e. with two or more members engaging the pipe, cable or protective tubing with two members, the two members being fixed to each other with fastening members on each side
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to U-bolts, construction methods, and detection devices.
- U-bolts are used to fix fasteners such as piping to fastened objects such as frames and walls.
- a U-bolt is a U-shaped bolt in which two linear shafts are connected by a bridge.
- U-bolt When fixing an object to be fastened with a U-bolt, it is necessary to fix the U-bolt vertically to the object to be fastened.
- U-bolts are often attached at an angle due to their structure. If the U-bolt is installed at an angle, it can cause damage due to overstress.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a technique of providing a piezoelectric patch on a washer that is inserted into a bolt and measuring the fastening force of the bolt based on the pressure measured by the piezoelectric patch.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a technique of embedding a piezoelectric sensor in the shaft of a bolt and measuring the fastening force of the bolt based on the strain of the shaft of the bolt measured by the piezoelectric sensor.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 mentioned above are techniques for measuring the tightening force of a straight bolt, and the operator can use this technique to check the state of tightening of the shaft portion of the U-bolt by the nut. cannot be confirmed.
- An object of the present disclosure which has been made in view of the above problems, is to provide a U-bolt, an installation method, and a detection device that enable an operator to check the state of tightening of the shank of the U-bolt by a nut. It is in.
- the U-bolt includes a pair of shaft portions that are aligned in a first direction and extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and are tightened by a pair of nuts. and a bridge portion connecting one end of each of the pair of shaft portions, wherein at least one shaft portion of the pair of shaft portions has a strain detection pattern on at least a portion thereof. .
- the construction method uses a detection device to arrange a pair of nuts arranged in a first direction and extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. a pair of shafts tightened by a pair of shafts; a bridge portion connecting one end of each of the pair of shafts; A method for fastening a U-bolt to an object to be fastened, wherein the strain detection pattern is applied by the detection device, and the pattern region is at least a part of the at least one shaft portion generating a first observation image by imaging the nut; generating a second observation image by imaging the pattern region after the tightening of the shaft by the nut is adjusted; a step of detecting strain in the pattern region based on the first observation image and the second observation image; and a step of outputting tightening information regarding tightening of the shaft portion by the nut based on the strain.
- the strain detection pattern is applied by the detection device, and the pattern region is at least a part of the at least one shaft portion generating a first observation image by imaging the
- the detection device includes a pair of shafts that are aligned in a first direction and extend in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and are tightened by a pair of nuts. a bridge portion connecting one end of each of the pair of shaft portions; and a strain detection pattern on at least a portion of at least one shaft portion of the pair of shaft portions. and generating a first observation image by imaging the pattern region, which is the at least part of the at least one shaft portion, to which the strain detection pattern is applied.
- an imaging unit configured to generate a second observation image by capturing an image of the pattern region after the first observation image is generated and tightening of the shaft portion by the nut is adjusted; a detection unit that detects strain in the pattern region based on the observed image and the second observed image; and an output unit that outputs tightening information regarding tightening of the shaft with the nut based on the strain.
- the operator can confirm the tightening state of the nut on the shaft portion of the U-bolt.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of U-bolts according to the first embodiment; It is a figure which shows the modification of U bolt shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of U bolt shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining tensile force and compressive force acting on a U-bolt when axial force is uniform; FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining tensile force and compressive force acting on a U-bolt when axial force is uneven; It is a figure which shows an example of the hardware constitutions of the detection apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a U-bolt 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of the U-bolt 10 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the U-bolt 10 includes a pair of shaft portions 11A and 11B and a bridge portion 12.
- the shaft portions 11A and 11B are aligned in a predetermined direction and extend in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction.
- the direction in which the shaft portions 11A and 11B are arranged side by side is referred to as the X-axis direction (first direction), and the shaft portions 11A and 11B extend.
- a direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is referred to as a Z-axis direction (third direction).
- the axial part 11 when not distinguishing the axial part 11A and the axial part 11B, it is called the axial part 11.
- the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B are collectively referred to as a pair of shaft portions 11. As shown in FIG.
- the bridge portion 12 connects one end of each of the shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the bridge portion 12 can be curved in a semicircular shape, and the bridge portion 12 connects one end of each of the shaft portions 11A and 11B, so that the U-bolt 10 forms a U-shape.
- the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B have a screw portion 13 having a screw thread structure on the other end side thereof.
- a fastener 1 such as piping is arranged inside the U-shaped U-bolt 10 (the space surrounded by the pair of shaft portions 11 and the bridge portion 12).
- a shaft portion 11A and a shaft portion are inserted into a pair of through holes 4A and 4B provided in the object to be fastened 2 such as a supporting metal fitting from one surface side of the object to be fastened 2, respectively.
- 11B is inserted.
- Nuts 3A and 3B having a screw thread structure that engages with the screw thread structure of the screw portion 13 are attached to the screw portions 13 of the shaft portions 11A and 11B that protrude from the other side of the object 2 to be fastened. By tightening each, the shaft portion 11 is tightened by the nut 3 . As a result, the U-bolt 10 is fastened to the object 2 to be fastened, and the object 1 is sandwiched and fixed between the U-bolt 10 and the object 2 to be fastened.
- the nuts 3A and 3B are referred to as nuts 3 when not distinguished from each other.
- the through-hole 4A and the through-hole 4B are referred to as the through-hole 4 when not distinguished from each other.
- a pattern area PA At least a portion of at least one shaft portion 11 to which the pattern for strain detection is attached.
- the strain detection pattern is applied to the entire one shaft portion 11A, but the pattern is not limited to this.
- the strain detection pattern may be attached to a portion of one shaft portion 11A.
- the strain detection pattern may be applied to a part of the outer edge of the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the shaft part 11, or may be applied to a part in the direction in which the axis of the shaft part 11 extends.
- the pattern for strain detection is formed by inserting a pair of shaft portions 11A and 11B into a pair of through holes 2A and 2B provided in the object 2 to be fastened, and inserting the U bolt 10 and one surface of the object 2 to be fastened. 1 is sandwiched and fixed, even if it is attached between the position (position a) of one surface of the object to be fastened 2 and the position (position b) of the boundary between the shaft portion 11 and the bridge portion 12 good.
- the strain detection pattern is a pattern applied to the member in any method for detecting the strain ⁇ of the member, and is a speckle pattern as shown in FIG. 1 or a grid pattern as shown in FIG. can be
- the speckle pattern can be, for example, a mottled pattern.
- the contrast between at least two colors forming the speckle pattern is high, and more specifically, the difference in brightness, saturation, or hue between the two colors is preferably higher than a predetermined threshold.
- the strain ⁇ of the shaft portions 11A and 11B can be detected with high accuracy using a digital image correlation (DIC) method.
- the two colors may be colors with high brightness contrast, such as white and black. In this case, the strain ⁇ of the shaft portions 11A and 11B can be detected with high accuracy even in environments such as outdoor environments where measurement errors tend to increase.
- a speckle pattern can be easily obtained by applying two types of paint using a spray.
- the speckle pattern may be formed by applying a base coating of white paint to the surface of each of the shaft portions 11A and 11B and then applying a black pattern thereon.
- the lattice spacing of the lattice pattern may be arbitrary, but it is preferably about 1 mm.
- the strain ⁇ of the shaft portions 11A and 11B can be detected with a high accuracy of about 0.01 mm, which is 1/100 of 1 mm, using the sampling moire method in attaching the U bolt.
- both the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B may be provided with patterns for strain detection.
- both the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B are all given a speckle pattern.
- both the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B are entirely provided with a lattice pattern.
- both the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B may be partially provided with strain detection patterns. It is preferably located at the same height (at the same position in the Y-axis direction) as the strain detection pattern attached to the .
- the strain detection pattern is applied to a part or the whole of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B, so that the strain of each of the shaft portions 11A and 11B, that is, the shaft portions 11A and 11B can be detected. It is possible to accurately detect the difference in the axial force acting on each.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the tensile force and compressive force acting when the U-bolt 10 shown in FIG. 3 is fastened to the object 2 to be fastened.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the tensile force and compressive force acting on the U-bolt 10 when the axial forces acting on the shaft portions 11A and 11B are uniform.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the tensile force and compressive force acting on the U-bolt 10 when the axial forces acting on the shaft portions 11A and 11B are uneven.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show an example in which the strain detection pattern is a speckle pattern, the same applies to an example in which the strain detection pattern is a lattice pattern.
- both the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B are provided with strain detection patterns, and the strain ⁇ is detected using this pattern, so that the operator can easily grasp the U-bolt 10 for the object 2 to be fastened. It is possible to check whether or not the axial force acting on the shaft portions 11A and 11B is uniform.
- the operator can tighten the shaft portion 11 with the nut 3 so that the axial force acting on the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11B is uniform, and appropriately fasten the U-bolt 10 to the fastened object 2. can.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example hardware configuration of the detection device 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the detection device 20 when the detection device 20 is configured by a computer capable of executing program instructions.
- the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a workstation, a PC (Personal Computer), an electronic notepad, a smart phone, or the like.
- Program instructions may be program code, code segments, etc. for performing the required tasks.
- the detection device 20 is a smartphone, the operator can easily carry the detection device 20 to a place where the U-bolt 10 is fastened to the object to be fastened 2 during installation or inspection of the U-bolt 10, which is convenient. be improved.
- the detection device 20 includes a processor 110, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 120, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 130, a storage 140, an input unit 150, a display unit 160 and a communication interface (I / F) 170 have Each component is communicatively connected to each other via a bus 190 .
- the processor 110 is specifically a CPU (Central Processing Unit), MPU (Micro Processing Unit), GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), SoC (System on a Chip) or the like. may be configured by a plurality of processors of
- the processor 110 controls each component and executes various arithmetic processes. That is, processor 110 reads a program from ROM 120 or storage 140 and executes the program using RAM 130 as a work area. The processor 110 performs control of each configuration and various arithmetic processes according to programs stored in the ROM 120 storage 140 . In this embodiment, the ROM 120 or storage 140 stores a program according to the present disclosure.
- Programs are stored in non-transitory storage media such as CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory), USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, etc. may be provided in Also, the program may be downloaded from an external device via a network.
- CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
- DVD-ROM Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- the ROM 120 stores various programs and various data.
- RAM 130 temporarily stores programs or data as a work area.
- the storage 140 is configured by a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or SSD (Solid State Drive) and stores various programs including an operating system and various data.
- the input unit 150 includes a pointing device such as a mouse and a keyboard, and is used for various inputs.
- the display unit 160 is, for example, a liquid crystal display, and displays various information.
- the display unit 160 may employ a touch panel method and function as the input unit 150 .
- the communication interface 170 is an interface for communicating with other devices such as external devices (not shown), and uses standards such as Ethernet (registered trademark), FDDI, and Wi-Fi (registered trademark), for example.
- the detection device 20 includes an imaging unit 21, an image storage unit 22, a detection unit 23, a detection result storage unit 24, and an output unit 25.
- the imaging unit 21 is configured by a camera.
- the image storage unit 22 and the detection result storage unit 24 are configured by memories such as semiconductor memory, magnetic memory, and optical memory, for example.
- the detection unit 23 constitutes a control unit (controller).
- the control unit may be composed of dedicated hardware such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or may be composed of a processor, or may be composed of both. good too.
- the output unit 25 may include the display unit 160, for example.
- the imaging unit 21 generates an observation image by capturing an image of the pattern area PA, which is at least a part of at least one of the shafts 11, to which the strain detection pattern is attached. Specifically, hereinafter, the area where the image of the pattern area PA is shown in the observation image will be referred to as the "observation area”.
- the imaging unit 21 adjusts by imaging the pattern area PA, which is at least a part of at least one of the shafts 11 to which the strain detection pattern is attached, before adjusting the tightening of the shafts 11 by the nut 3.
- a previous observation image (first observation image) is generated.
- the imaging unit 21 adjusts by imaging the pattern area PA, which is at least a part of at least one of the shafts 11, to which the strain detection pattern is attached after the tightening of the shafts 11 by the nut 3 is adjusted.
- a post-observation image (second observation image) is generated.
- adjusting the tightening means adjusting the degree of tightening of the shaft portion 11 by the nut 3. After the shaft portion 11 is inserted into the through hole 4, the shaft portion 11 is tightened by the nut 3 for the first time. , and changing the tightening degree from the state in which the shaft portion 11 is already tightened by the nut 3 .
- the image storage unit 22 stores observation images generated by the imaging unit 21 . Specifically, the image storage unit 22 stores an observation image before adjustment. Further, the image storage unit 22 may store the adjusted observation image.
- the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA based on the pre-adjustment observation image and the post-adjustment observation image.
- the detector 23 may detect the strain ⁇ each time tightening of the shaft 11 by the nut 3 is adjusted.
- the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA using the digital image correlation method. Specifically, the detection unit 23 detects the distortion ⁇ of the pattern area PA based on the difference between the speckle pattern images included in the observation areas of the post-adjustment observation image and the pre-adjustment observation image.
- the adjusted observed image in the kth (k is a natural number) adjustment is an observed image generated after the kth adjustment and before the (k+1)th adjustment.
- the pre-adjustment observation image in the k-th adjustment is the initial observation image captured when the tightening of the shaft portion 11 by the nut 3 is not adjusted (that is, after the 0th adjustment and before the 1st adjustment). can do.
- the detector 23 detects the strain ⁇ based on the initial observation image and the post-adjustment observation image every time the tightening of the shaft portion 11 by the nut 3 is adjusted. Specifically, the detection unit 23 detects the amount of change in the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA after the k-th adjustment with respect to the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA before the first adjustment, thereby detecting the strain ⁇ . .
- the adjusted observed image in the kth adjustment is an observed image generated after the kth adjustment and before the (k+1)th adjustment.
- the pre-adjustment observation image in the kth adjustment is the previous observation image generated after the (k ⁇ 1)th adjustment before the kth adjustment.
- the detection unit 23 detects the amount of change in the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA generated by the k-th adjustment with respect to the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA generated by the (k ⁇ 1)th adjustment. can be done.
- the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ based on the previous observation image and the post-adjustment observation image every time the tightening of the shaft portion 11 by the nut 3 is adjusted. Specifically, the detector 23 detects the change in the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA after the k-th adjustment with respect to the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA before the k-th adjustment and after the (k ⁇ 1)th adjustment. Detect quantity. Then, the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ by totaling the amount of change in the first to k-th adjustments.
- the amount of change in the strain ⁇ with respect to the force acting on the U-bolt 10 differs depending on the material forming the U-bolt 10 .
- the detector 23 can easily detect the strain ⁇ by using the initial observation image as the pre-adjustment observation image.
- the strain ⁇ can be detected by using the previous observation image generated immediately before the adjustment as the pre-adjustment observation image.
- the detection unit 23 it is preferable for the detection unit 23 to detect the strain ⁇ by using the initial observation image as the pre-adjustment observation image in order to emphasize accuracy.
- the detection unit 23 uses the initial observation image as the pre-adjustment observation image, matching between the pre-adjustment observation image and the post-adjustment observation image is performed. becomes difficult, and correct measurement results may not be obtained. Therefore, in the U-bolt 10 that causes large deformation as described above, the detector 23 uses the immediately preceding observed image as the pre-adjustment observed image to avoid difficulty in matching due to large deformation. can be done.
- the detection unit 23 detects the strength of fastening of the U-bolt 10 to the object 2 to be fastened, that is, the target axial force acting on the U-bolt 10 (target axial force). is more preferably used to detect the strain ⁇ .
- the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ using the initial observation image as the pre-adjustment observation image when the target axial force is less than a predetermined value, and detects the strain ⁇ in the pre-adjustment observation image when the target axial force is greater than or equal to the predetermined value.
- the strain ⁇ may be detected using the immediately preceding observed image as .
- the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA using the sampling moire method. Specifically, the detection unit 23 detects the pattern area PA before adjustment based on the images of the lattice patterns included in the observation areas of the observation image before adjustment and the observation image after adjustment. Detect the strain ⁇ from The pre-adjustment observation image used at this time is the same as the pre-adjustment observation image used in the above-described configuration in which the strain detection pattern is a speckle pattern.
- the detection unit 23 can detect the target difference ⁇ 1 , which is the difference between the strain ⁇ and the target strain ⁇ T . In this case, the detection unit 23 can further detect whether or not the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- the target strain ⁇ T is the strain ⁇ generated in the shaft portion 11 on which the target axial force described above is acting.
- both the shaft portions 11A and 11B are provided with strain detection patterns and the imaging unit 21 generates observation images of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B
- the detection unit 23 detects both shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the strain ⁇ A and the strain ⁇ B of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B can be detected based on the images of the strain detection patterns included in the observation regions of the shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the detection unit 23 can detect the target differences ⁇ 1A and ⁇ 1B , which are the differences between the strains ⁇ A and ⁇ B and the target strain ⁇ T , as the target differences ⁇ 1 . In this case, the detection unit 23 can further detect whether or not the absolute values of the target difference ⁇ 1A and the target difference ⁇ 1B are less than a predetermined threshold.
- the detection unit 23 can detect the relative difference ⁇ 2 , which is the difference between the strain ⁇ A and the strain ⁇ B . In this case, the detection unit 23 can further detect whether the absolute value of the relative difference ⁇ 2 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- the detection unit 23 causes the output unit 25 to output tightening information regarding the tightening of the shaft portion 11 of the U-bolt 10 by the nut 3 based on the strain ⁇ . Further, the detection unit 23 causes the detection result storage unit 24 to store the tightening information.
- the tightening information can include at least one or more of strain ⁇ , target difference ⁇ 1 , target difference index, relative difference ⁇ 2 , relative difference index.
- the target difference index is information indicating whether or not the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- the relative difference index is information indicating whether the absolute value of the relative difference ⁇ 2 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- the tightening information is information indicating that the U-bolt 10 has been tightened instead of the target difference index. may contain. Further, when the detection unit 23 determines that the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value, the tightening information indicates that the U-bolt 10 has not been completely tightened instead of the target difference index. May contain information.
- the tightening information indicates that the shaft portions 11A and 11B are substantially evenly tightened instead of the relative difference index. may include information indicating that Further, when the detection unit 23 determines that the absolute value of the relative difference ⁇ 2 is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value, the tightening information indicates that the shaft portions 11A and 11B are substantially evenly tightened instead of the relative difference index. may include information indicating that it is not
- the detection result storage unit 24 stores tightening information detected by the detection unit 23 . By doing so, for example, it is possible to leave a trail of completion of normal construction (fastening of the U-bolt 10).
- the output unit 25 outputs tightening information regarding tightening of the shaft portion 11 of the U-bolt 10 by the nut 3 based on the strain ⁇ detected by the detection unit 23 .
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation for fastening the U-bolt 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the operation for fastening the U-bolt 10 described with reference to FIG. 8 corresponds to the construction method for fastening the U-bolt 10 according to the first embodiment.
- step S11 the operator passes the shaft portions 11A and 11B of the U-bolt 10 through the through holes 2A and 2B, respectively.
- step S12 the imaging unit 21 generates a pre-adjustment observation image by capturing an image of the pattern area PA, which is at least a part of at least one of the shaft portions 11, to which the strain detection pattern is attached.
- step S13 the image storage unit 22 stores the pre-adjustment observation image generated in step S12.
- step S14 the operator adjusts the tightening of the shaft portion 11 by the nut 3.
- step S15 the imaging unit 21 generates an adjusted observation image by imaging the pattern area PA after the tightening of the shaft 11 by the nut 3 is adjusted.
- step S16 the detection unit 23 detects the strain ⁇ of the pattern area PA based on the pre-adjustment observation image and the post-adjustment observation image.
- the detector 23 may detect the strain ⁇ of one of the shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the detector 23 may detect the strain ⁇ of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the detection unit 23 may detect a target difference ⁇ 1 , which is the difference between the strain ⁇ and the target strain ⁇ T. It may be detected whether the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- the detection unit 23 may detect the relative difference ⁇ 2 when detecting the strain ⁇ of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B.
- the detection unit 23 may determine whether the absolute value of the relative difference ⁇ 2 is less than a predetermined threshold.
- step S17 the image storage unit 22 stores the post-adjustment observation image generated by the imaging unit 21 in step S16 as the pre-adjustment observation image.
- step S18 the output unit 25 outputs the tightening information detected by the detection unit 23.
- step S19 the operator determines whether or not the fastening process has been completed based on the fastening information.
- the operator may determine that the fastening process has been completed. In this case, if the strain ⁇ is not within a predetermined range from the target strain ⁇ T , the operator determines that the fastening process has not been completed.
- the operator may determine that the fastening process has been completed. In this case, if the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the operator may determine that the fastening process has not been completed.
- the operator determines that the fastening process is completed. may In this case, if the target difference index indicates that the absolute value of the target difference ⁇ 1 is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the operator may determine that the fastening process is not completed.
- step S19 If it is determined in step S19 that the fastening process has been completed, this fastening process ends. If it is determined in step S19 that the fastening process has not been completed, the process returns to step S14 to repeat the process.
- the operator may adjust the tightening of one of the shaft portions 11A and 11B based on the tightening information, or adjust the tightening of both the shaft portions 11A and 11B. You can adjust the tightness. Further, the operator adjusts the tightening of the shaft portion 11A or the shaft portion 11B so that the relative difference ⁇ 2 is less than the predetermined threshold, and then maintains the state in which the relative difference ⁇ 2 is less than the predetermined threshold. However, the tightening of the shaft portion 11A and the shaft portion 11 may be further adjusted so that the target difference ⁇ 1 becomes smaller.
- step S18 was executed after the process of step S17 was executed, but this is not the only option.
- the process of step S17 may be performed after the process of step S18 is performed, or the processes of steps S17 and S18 may be performed at the same timing.
- step S11 does not have to be executed.
- the operation for fastening is started from the process of step S12.
- At least one of the pair of shaft portions 11 has a strain detection pattern on at least a portion of the shaft portion 11 .
- the shaft portion 11 of the U-bolt 10 can be tightened by the nut 3 so that the strain ⁇ of the shaft portion 11 becomes the target strain ⁇ T , that is, the target axial force acts on the shaft portion 11 . Therefore, the operator can fasten the U-bolt 10 to the object 2 to be fastened with high accuracy, and accordingly can firmly fix the object 1 to be fastened.
- the pattern for strain detection is formed by inserting the pair of shaft portions 11 into the pair of through holes 4 provided in the object 2 to be fastened, and is attached between one surface of the object to be fastened 2 and the boundary between the shaft portion 11 and the bridge portion 12 on one shaft portion 11 in a state in which the fastening object 1 is sandwiched between and fixed.
- the strain detection pattern is fixed by inserting a pair of shaft portions 11 into a pair of through holes 4 provided in the object 2 to be fastened, and sandwiching the object 1 between the U bolt 10 and one surface of the object 2 to be fastened. In this state, it is attached between one surface of the object to be fastened 2 and the boundary between the shaft portion 11 and the bridge portion 12 on both shaft portions 11 .
- the operator when attaching the U-bolt 10 to the object to be fastened 2, the operator can prevent the difference between the strains detected using the strain detection patterns provided on the shaft portions 11A and 11B from becoming large. can work on Therefore, the operator can tighten the shaft portion 11 of the U-bolt 10 with the nut 3 . Accordingly, the operator can appropriately fasten the U-bolt 10 to the object 2 to be fastened, and can firmly fix the object 1 to be fastened.
- the detection device 20 outputs tightening information based on the target difference ⁇ 1 . For this reason, the operator rotates the shaft portion 11 of the U-bolt 10 with the nut 3 so that the strain ⁇ generated in the U-bolt 10 becomes the target strain ⁇ T , that is, the target axial force acts on the U-bolt 10. It can be tightened, and along with this, the fastener 1 can be firmly fixed.
- the detection device 20 outputs tightening information based on the relative difference ⁇ 2 .
- the strain ⁇ A of the shaft portion 11A and the strain ⁇ B of the shaft portion 11B are approximately the same not only at the time of completion of tightening but also during the work until the completion of tightening. must be maintained. Therefore, the operator not only sets the strain ⁇ A and the strain ⁇ B as the target strain ⁇ T , but also reduces the relative difference ⁇ 2 , which is the difference between the strain ⁇ A and the strain ⁇ B , during the work. There is a need.
- the detection device 20 outputs the tightening information based on the relative difference ⁇ 2 , so that the operator can recognize the relative difference ⁇ 2 during the fastening work.
- the shank 11 of the U-bolt 10 can be properly tightened onto the nut 3 . Therefore, the worker can firmly fix the fastener 1 .
- a U-bolt 10 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is similar to the U-bolt 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the hardware configuration of the detection device 20A according to the second embodiment is the same as the hardware configuration of the detection device 20 according to the first embodiment.
- the detection device 20A includes an imaging unit 21 , an image storage unit 22 , a detection unit 23 , a detection result storage unit 24 , an output unit 25 and a setting unit 26 .
- the image storage unit 22, the detection unit 23, the detection result storage unit 24, and the output unit 25 in the second embodiment are the same as the image storage unit 22, the detection unit 23, the detection result storage unit 24, and the detection result storage unit 24 in the first embodiment, respectively. It is similar to the output section 25 .
- the imaging unit 21 in the second embodiment is configured by a camera, like the imaging unit 21 in the first embodiment.
- the imaging unit 21 includes an imaging device 211 that forms an image of a subject, and a display unit 212 that displays the image.
- the setting unit 26 constitutes a control unit (controller).
- the setting unit 26 causes the display unit 212 to display an image in which the observation image before adjustment stored in the image storage unit 22 is superimposed on the image of the subject formed by the imaging device 211 .
- the imaging unit 21 in the second embodiment is configured by a camera, like the imaging unit 21 in the first embodiment.
- the imaging unit 21 sets the angle of view such that the image of the pattern area PA in the pre-adjustment observation image displayed on the display unit 212 by the setting unit 26 substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space after the tightening is adjusted. Then, an adjusted observation image is generated by capturing an image of the pattern area PA existing in the real space.
- the operator determines whether or not the image of the pattern area PA in the pre-adjustment observation image substantially matches the pattern area PA that exists in the real space after the tightening is adjusted.
- the operator operates the detection device 20A when determining that the image of the pattern area PA in the pre-adjustment observed image substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space.
- the setting unit 26 acquires the angle of view of the image capturing unit 21 based on the operator's operation, and controls the image capturing unit 21 to capture an image at the angle of view.
- the image of the pattern area PA in the observation image before adjustment substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space means that the image of the pattern area PA and the pattern area PA existing in the real space do not overlap each other. is a predetermined ratio or less with respect to the area of the image of the pattern area PA.
- the setting unit 26 uses an arbitrary image processing method to determine whether the image of the pattern area PA in the observation image before adjustment substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space after the tightening is adjusted. judge. In such a configuration, the setting unit 26 acquires the angle of view of the imaging unit 21 when it is determined that the image of the pattern area PA in the observation image before adjustment substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space, and 21 is controlled to take an image at the angle of view.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation for fastening the U-bolt 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the operation for fastening the U-bolt 10 described with reference to FIG. 10 corresponds to the construction method for fastening the U-bolt 10 according to the second embodiment.
- steps S31 to S34 are executed.
- the processing of steps S31 to S34 is the same as the processing of steps S11 to S14 in the first embodiment.
- step S ⁇ b>35 the setting unit 26 superimposes the pre-adjustment observation image on the imaging range of the imaging unit 21 .
- step S36 the setting unit 26 sets the angle of view such that the image of the pattern area PA in the pre-adjustment observation image displayed in the imaging range substantially matches the pattern area PA existing in the real space after tightening is adjusted.
- step S37 the imaging unit 21 generates an adjusted observation image by imaging the pattern area PA existing in the real space at the angle of view acquired in step S36.
- steps S38 to S41 are executed.
- the processing of steps S38 to S41 is the same as the processing of steps S16 to S19 in the first embodiment.
- the imaging unit 21 can generate the post-adjustment observation image having the same angle of view as the pre-adjustment observation image. Therefore, the detection unit 23 can detect the strain ⁇ of the shaft portion 11 using the pre-adjustment observation image and the post-adjustment observation image having the same angle of view. Therefore, the detection unit 23 can detect the strain ⁇ of the shaft portion 11 more accurately than when detecting the strain ⁇ of the shaft portion 11 using the pre-adjustment observation image and the post-adjustment observation image that are generated by imaging at different angles of view. can be detected. In addition, since the detection unit 23 can detect distortion without correcting the observation regions in the before-adjustment observation image and the after-adjustment observation image generated by imaging at different angles of view, the processing load is reduced. can do.
- a computer can be preferably used to function as each part of the detection device 20 or the detection device 20A described above.
- Such a computer is realized by storing a program describing the processing details for realizing the function of each part of the detection device 20 in the memory of the computer, and reading and executing the program by the processor of the computer. be able to. That is, the program can cause the computer to function as the detection device 20 or the detection device 20A described above. It is also possible to store the program in a non-temporary storage medium. It is also possible to provide the program via a network.
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Abstract
Description
(Uボルトの構成)
図1は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10の一例を示す図である。図2は、本開示の第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10の他の例を示す図である。
図6は、本開示の一実施形態に係る検出装置20のハードウェア構成の一例を示す図である。図6においては、検出装置20がプログラム命令を実行可能なコンピュータにより構成される場合の、検出装置20のハードウェア構成の一例を示している。ここで、コンピュータは、汎用コンピュータ、専用コンピュータ、ワークステーション、PC(Personal Computer)、電子ノートパッド、スマートフォン等であってもよい。プログラム命令は、必要なタスクを実行するためのプログラムコード、コードセグメント等であってもよい。検出装置20がスマートフォンである場合、作業者は、Uボルト10の設置又は点検において、Uボルト10を被締結物2に締結する場所に検出装置20を容易に携行することができ、利便性が向上される。
次に、第1の実施形態に係る検出装置20の機能構成について、図7を参照して説明する。
ここで、第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための動作について、図8を参照して説明する。図8は、第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。図8を参照して説明するUボルト10を締結するための動作は第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための施工方法に相当する。
(Uボルトの構成)
本開示の第2の実施形態に係るUボルト10は、第1の実施形態に係るUボルト10と同様である。
第2の実施形態に係る検出装置20Aのハードウェア構成は、第1の実施形態に係る検出装置20のハードウェア構成と同様である。
次に、第2の実施形態に係る検出装置20Aの機能構成について、図9を参照して説明する。検出装置20Aは、撮像部21と、画像記憶部22と、検出部23と、検出結果記憶部24と、出力部25と、設定部26とを備える。第2の実施形態における画像記憶部22、検出部23、検出結果記憶部24、及び出力部25は、第1の実施形態におけるそれぞれ画像記憶部22、検出部23、検出結果記憶部24、及び出力部25と同様である。
ここで、第2の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための動作について、図10を参照して説明する。図10は、第2の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。図10を参照して説明するUボルト10を締結するための動作は第2の実施形態に係るUボルト10を締結するための施工方法に相当する。
上述した検出装置20又は検出装置20Aの各部として機能させるためにコンピュータを好適に用いることが可能である。そのようなコンピュータは、検出装置20の各部の機能を実現する処理内容を記述したプログラムを該コンピュータの記憶部に格納しておき、該コンピュータのプロセッサによってこのプログラムを読み出して実行させることで実現することができる。すなわち、当該プログラムは、コンピュータを、上述した検出装置20又は検出装置20Aとして機能させることができる。また、当該プログラムを非一時的記憶媒体に記憶することも可能である。また、当該プログラムを、ネットワークを介して提供することも可能である。
2 被締結物
3,3A,3B ナット
4,4A,4B 貫通孔
10 Uボルト
11、11A,11B 軸部
12 橋梁部
13 ねじ部
20,20A 検出装置
21 撮像部
22 画像記憶部
23 検出部
24 検出結果記憶部
25 出力部
26 設定部
110 プロセッサ
120 ROM
130 RAM
140 ストレージ
150 入力部
160 表示部
170 通信I/F
190 バス
211 撮像素子
212 表示部
Claims (7)
- 第1の方向に並び、前記第1の方向と直交する第2の方向に延在する一対の軸部と、前記一対の軸部それぞれの一端を連結する橋梁部とを備えるUボルトであって、
前記一対の軸部のうちの少なくとも一方の軸部の少なくとも一部にひずみ検出用模様が付されている、Uボルト。 - 請求項1に記載のUボルトにおいて、
前記ひずみ検出用模様は、被締結物に設けられた一対の貫通孔に前記一対の軸部が挿入され、前記Uボルトと前記被締結物の一面とで締結物を挟んで固定した状態において、前記少なくとも一方の軸部における、前記被締結物の一面と、前記軸部と前記橋梁部との境界との間に付されている、Uボルト。 - 請求項1または2に記載のUボルトにおいて、
前記ひずみ検出用模様は、スペックルパターン又は格子模様である、Uボルト。 - 検出装置を用いて、第1の方向に並び、前記第1の方向と直交する第2の方向に延在する、一対のナットによって締め付けられる一対の軸部と、前記一対の軸部それぞれの一端を連結する橋梁部と、前記一対の軸部のうちの少なくとも一方の軸部における少なくとも一部にひずみ検出用模様が付されている、Uボルトを被締結物に締結する施工方法であって、
前記検出装置により、
前記ひずみ検出用模様が付されている、前記少なくとも一方の軸部の前記少なくとも一部である模様領域を撮像することによって第1の観察画像を生成するステップと、
前記軸部の前記ナットによる締め付けが調整された後に前記模様領域を撮像することによって第2の観察画像を生成するステップと、
前記第1の観察画像及び前記第2の観察画像に基づいて、前記模様領域のひずみを検出するステップと、
前記ひずみに基づいて、前記軸部の前記ナットによる締め付けに関する締め付け情報を出力するステップと、を含む施工方法。 - 請求項4に記載の施工方法において、
前記検出装置により、
前記検出装置が備える撮像部の撮像素子によって結像された被写体の像に、前記第1の観察画像を重畳させた画像を撮像部の表示部に表示させるステップと、
前記第2の観察画像を生成するステップは、前記表示部に表示された前記第1の観察画像における模様領域の像が、前記締め付けが調整された後に実空間に存在する模様領域に略一致するような画角で、実空間に存在する模様領域を撮像することによって前記第2の観察画像を生成するステップと、を含む施工方法。 - 第1の方向に並び、前記第1の方向と直交する第2の方向に延在する、一対のナットによって締め付けられる一対の軸部と、前記一対の軸部それぞれの一端を連結する橋梁部と、前記一対の軸部のうちの少なくとも一方の軸部の少なくとも一部にひずみ検出用模様が付されている、Uボルトのひずみを検出するための検出装置であって、
前記ひずみ検出用模様が付されている、前記少なくとも一方の軸部の前記少なくとも一部である模様領域を撮像することによって第1の観察画像を生成し、前記第1の観察画像が生成されて、前記軸部の前記ナットによる締め付けが調整された後に、前記模様領域を撮像することによって第2の観察画像を生成する撮像部と、
前記第1の観察画像及び前記第2の観察画像に基づいて、前記模様領域のひずみを検出する検出部と、
前記ひずみに基づいて、前記軸部の前記ナットによる締め付けに関する締め付け情報を出力する出力部と、を備える検出装置。 - 請求項6に記載の検出装置において、
前記撮像部は、被写体の像を結像する撮像素子と、画像を表示する表示部とを含み、
前記検出装置は、前記撮像素子によって結像された前記被写体の像に、前記第1の観察画像を重畳させた画像を表示部に表示させる設定部をさらに備え、
前記撮像部は、前記設定部によって前記表示部に表示された前記第1の観察画像における前記模様領域の像が、前記締め付けが調整された後に実空間に存在する前記模様領域に略一致するような画角で、前記実空間に存在する前記模様領域を撮像することによって前記第2の観察画像を生成する検出装置。
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JP2014025489A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-06 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | 被固定物の固定構造及びこれに用いるuボルト |
WO2016159245A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社NejiLaw | 通電路付部材及び通電路のパターニング方法、部材変化計測方法 |
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JP2014025489A (ja) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-06 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | 被固定物の固定構造及びこれに用いるuボルト |
WO2016159245A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社NejiLaw | 通電路付部材及び通電路のパターニング方法、部材変化計測方法 |
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