WO2022161127A1 - 利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法 - Google Patents

利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022161127A1
WO2022161127A1 PCT/CN2022/070352 CN2022070352W WO2022161127A1 WO 2022161127 A1 WO2022161127 A1 WO 2022161127A1 CN 2022070352 W CN2022070352 W CN 2022070352W WO 2022161127 A1 WO2022161127 A1 WO 2022161127A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
power generation
wind
platform
solar
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PCT/CN2022/070352
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张子良
孙长平
张炜
易侃
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202120282668.5U external-priority patent/CN214648859U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110137170.4A external-priority patent/CN112874697B/zh
Application filed by 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 filed Critical 中国长江三峡集团有限公司
Publication of WO2022161127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022161127A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering, and relates to a marine buoy and a method for generating and supplying energy using solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy complementary.
  • Marine buoy is a widely used marine hydrometeorological observation platform, which is placed on the sea surface and connected to the seabed through an anchor chain system.
  • Various observation equipment can be carried on the buoy to measure various meteorological elements at sea (such as wind speed, wave parameters, etc.).
  • the deployment cycle can reach several years and the maintenance cost is high. Therefore, it is a buoy to be able to supply power to various devices continuously, safely and reliably for a long time.
  • the marine buoy device that uses various renewable energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy in the surrounding environment of the buoy to provide self-supply power has become the focus of attention.
  • Chinese patent CN211930540U (Shi Xuetao, etc.) proposes a solar power supply device for marine buoys.
  • the power supply device has a self-cleaning function and is easy to install.
  • Chinese patent CN110329436A proposes a wind-solar hybrid power supply buoy.
  • the buoy is equipped with a battery for storing the power generated, which improves the flexibility and stability of the buoy energy supply system to a certain extent.
  • wind power and Solar power generation is intermittent. If the wind and solar energy are not sufficient for a long time, or some equipment is damaged, the power supply of the buoy may still have certain problems.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a marine buoy and a method for generating and supplying energy by utilizing solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy, with a simple structure, connecting the above-water platform and the underwater platform by using connecting pieces, and the wind turbine and the solar panel and the water platform.
  • the hydro-generator set is located in the underwater platform, the underwater platform floats in the water to support the above-water platform on the water surface, and the power generated by the wind turbine, solar panel and hydro-generator set is transferred to the storage battery in the battery compartment or directly to the
  • the various observation equipment carried by the marine buoy can form complementary power generation and uninterrupted power supply, and improve the long-term and stable observation performance of the observation equipment.
  • the structure has high strength, good stability and is not easy to be damaged.
  • an ocean buoy that utilizes solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy for complementary power generation and energy supply, which includes an above-water platform, an underwater platform, a connector, a wind turbine, a solar panel and a The water turbine generator set; the two ends of the connecting piece are respectively connected with the water platform and the underwater platform, the underwater platform is located at the lower part of the water platform, the wind turbine and the solar panel are connected with the water platform, and the water turbine generator set is located inside the underwater platform;
  • the underwater platform provides buoyancy to support the water platform, and stores and outputs the power generated by wind turbines, solar panels and hydro-generator sets.
  • the water platform is a flat plate with a circular structure, the solar panel is connected to the upper side of the flat panel, and a plurality of wind turbines are evenly distributed around the solar panel and connected to the flat panel.
  • the underwater platform includes a hollow structure connected with the cylinder and the cone, and a first space, a second space and a third space are arranged in the cavity in order from bottom to top.
  • the first space and the second space of the underwater platform are respectively provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel that cross each other vertically, and the turbines of the two hydro-generator units are located in the first flow channel and the second flow channel, respectively.
  • the apertures of the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the underwater platform gradually expand from the middle to both ends; filter screens are provided at the two ends with larger cross-sections of the first flow channel and the second flow channel.
  • An anti-collision buffer ring is arranged outside the third space of the underwater platform; an anchor chain connecting plate is arranged on the lower side of the first space of the underwater platform.
  • a generator room is arranged in the center of the third space of the underwater platform, and the generator of the hydro-generator set is located in the generator room.
  • a battery compartment is arranged outside the generator compartment of the third space, an instrument and equipment compartment is arranged outside the battery compartment, and a buoyancy compartment is arranged outside the instrument and equipment compartment;
  • the connecting piece is a hollow cylinder, and a plurality of inclined rods are arranged around the cylinder to connect with the above-water platform and the underwater platform.
  • the wind turbine absorbs wind energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • the solar panel absorbs the solar energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • An ocean buoy that utilizes solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy for complementary power generation and energy supply, which includes an above-water platform, an underwater platform, a connecting piece, a wind turbine, a solar panel and a hydroelectric generator set;
  • the lower platform is connected, the underwater platform is located at the lower part of the water platform, the wind turbine and solar panel are connected to the water platform, and the hydro-generator set is located inside the underwater platform;
  • the power generated by the turbine generator set is stored and output.
  • the structure is simple.
  • the above-water platform and the underwater platform are connected by connecting pieces.
  • the wind turbine and the solar panel are installed on the above-water platform.
  • the hydro-generator set is located in the underwater platform.
  • the energy generated by solar panels and hydro-generator sets is transferred to the storage battery in the battery compartment or directly to the various observation equipment carried by the ocean buoy, forming complementary power generation, uninterrupted power supply, and improving the long-term and stable observation performance of the observation equipment. High strength, good stability, not easy to damage.
  • the water platform is a flat plate with a circular structure
  • the solar panel is connected to the upper side of the flat panel
  • a plurality of wind turbines are evenly distributed around the solar panel and connected to the flat panel.
  • the structure is simple, and when in use, it is a water platform with a circular structure, which has better wind resistance performance and improves the stability of equipment operation.
  • the underwater platform includes a hollow structure connected with the cylinder and the cone, and a first space, a second space and a third space are arranged in the cavity in order from bottom to top.
  • the structure is simple.
  • the underwater platform of the hollow structure has enough buoyancy to support the overall structure and the device to float on the water surface.
  • the upper end is a cylinder and the lower end is a cone, and the stability is good.
  • the first space and the second space of the underwater platform are respectively provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel that cross each other vertically, and the turbines of the two hydro-generator units are located in the first flow channel and the second flow channel, respectively. inside the road.
  • the structure is simple, when in use, the ocean current enters the other side from one side of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, and pushes the water turbine in the flow channel to run, and the rotation of the water turbine drives the generator to do work and generate electricity.
  • the apertures of the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the underwater platform gradually expand from the middle to both ends; filter screens are provided at both ends of the first flow channel and the second flow channel with larger cross-sections.
  • the structure is simple. When in use, the filter screens located at the larger cross-section ends on both sides of the first flow channel and the second flow channel are used to block the floating objects from entering the flow channel; the sea current enters the flow channel with the smaller cross-section from the flow channel at the larger cross-section end.
  • the flow velocity formed in the flow channel with smaller cross section is larger, which is beneficial to push the turbine to rotate and increase the speed.
  • an anti-collision buffer ring is arranged outside the third space of the underwater platform; an anchor chain connecting plate is arranged on the lower side of the first space of the underwater platform.
  • the structure is simple.
  • the anti-collision buffer ring located on the outside of the underwater platform is beneficial to slow down the impact force and improve the stability of the underwater platform when it is subjected to floating objects or collisions;
  • the anchor chain connecting plate located in the lower part of the first space is used for It is connected with the anchor chain to further improve the stability of the overall structure.
  • a generator room is arranged in the center of the third space of the underwater platform, and the generator of the hydro-generator set is located in the generator room.
  • the structure is simple. When in use, the generator compartment is located in the center of the third space, which has good stability and facilitates electrical connection with the surrounding battery compartments and instrument equipment compartments.
  • a battery compartment is arranged outside the generator compartment in the third space, an instrument and equipment compartment is arranged outside the battery compartment, and a buoyancy compartment is arranged outside the instrument and equipment compartment; there are multiple buoyancy compartments, all of which are independent compartments and are not connected to each other. .
  • the structure is simple.
  • the battery compartment When in use, the battery compartment is used to receive the electrical energy generated by wind turbines, solar panels and hydro-generator sets, store the electrical energy, and directly supply power to various observation equipment carried by the ocean buoy when necessary; It is used to install various instruments and equipment for power transmission, energy storage, power supply and control; the buoyancy cabin is used to enhance the buoyancy of the buoy; the buoyancy cabin is composed of multiple independent cabins, and when one of them encounters a failure, it will not affect the entire buoy. operation.
  • the connector is a hollow cylinder, and a plurality of inclined rods are arranged around the cylinder to connect to the above-water platform and the underwater platform.
  • the structure is simple. When in use, the connector of the hollow structure not only plays the role of supporting the water platform, but also communicates with the underwater platform. Cables and optical cables pass through the hollow cylinder through the battery compartment of the battery compartment and the equipment of the instrument and equipment compartment. Connection; a plurality of inclined rods located around the cylinder further improve the structural strength of the connection between the above-water platform and the underwater platform.
  • the above-mentioned complementary power generation and power supply method for ocean buoys using solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy complementary power generation and power supply which includes the following steps:
  • the wind turbine absorbs wind energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • the solar panel absorbs the solar energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • any one of the other two power generation devices will send to the various observation equipment carried by the ocean buoy.
  • Direct power supply another battery that transmits electricity to the battery compartment, and the battery stores the electricity.
  • Different power generation devices are arranged inside and outside the buoy with high structural strength, stable structure and good anti-collision impact performance. , to improve the long-term stable observation performance of observation equipment.
  • An ocean buoy and method for utilizing solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy for complementary power generation and energy supply comprising an above-water platform, an underwater platform, a connector, a wind turbine, a solar panel and a hydro-generator set, and the above-water platform and the water platform are connected by the connector Under the platform, wind turbines and solar panels are installed on the water platform.
  • the hydro-generator set is located in the underwater platform.
  • the underwater platform floats in the water to support the water platform above the water surface.
  • the storage battery transported to the battery compartment or directly transported to various observation equipment carried by the marine buoy.
  • the invention overcomes the problems of easy interruption of observation, unstable structure and easy damage caused by unstable power supply of the original buoy. Good, not easy to damage features.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view at C-C of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of D in FIG. 1 .
  • water platform 1 underwater platform 2, first space 21, second space 22, third space 23, generator room 231, battery room 232, instrument and equipment room 233, buoyancy room 234, first flow channel 24, first Second flow channel 25 , filter screen 26 , anti-collision buffer ring 27 , anchor chain connecting plate 28 , connecting piece 3 , rod body 31 , wind turbine 4 , solar panel 5 , hydroelectric generator set 6 .
  • an ocean buoy that utilizes solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy to generate and supply energy, which includes an above-water platform 1, an underwater platform 2, a connector 3, a wind turbine 4, a solar panel 5 and a water wheel
  • the generator set 6 the two ends of the connector 3 are respectively connected with the water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2, the underwater platform 2 is located at the lower part of the water platform 1, the wind turbine 4 and the solar panel 5 are connected with the water platform 1, and the water turbine generator set 6 is located inside the underwater platform 2; the underwater platform 2 provides buoyancy to support the above-water platform 1, and stores and outputs the power generated by the wind turbine 4, the solar panel 5 and the hydroelectric generator set 6.
  • the structure is simple, the above-water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2 are connected by the connecting piece 3, the wind turbine 4 and the solar panel 5 are installed with the above-water platform 1, the hydro-generator set 6 is located in the underwater platform 2, and the underwater platform 2 is supported by floating in the water
  • the above water platform 1 on the water surface transmits the power generated by the wind turbine 4, the solar panel 5 and the hydro-generator set 6 to the storage battery in the battery compartment 232 for storage or directly to various observation equipment carried by the ocean buoy to form complementary power generation, Uninterrupted power supply improves the long-term and stable observation performance of the observation equipment, with high structural strength, good stability and not easy to be damaged.
  • the water platform 1 is a flat plate with a circular structure
  • the solar panel 5 is connected to the upper side of the flat panel
  • a plurality of wind turbines 4 are evenly distributed around the solar panel 5 and connected to the flat panel.
  • the structure is simple, and when in use, it is a water platform 1 with a circular structure, which has better wind resistance performance and improves the stability of equipment operation.
  • the solar panel 5 is arranged in the center of the water platform 1 , and at least four wind turbines 4 are arranged around the solar panel 5 .
  • the wind turbine 4 is a vertical axis wind turbine.
  • the underwater platform 2 includes a hollow structure connected with a cylinder and a cone, and a first space 21 , a second space 22 and a third space 23 are arranged in the cavity in order from bottom to top.
  • the structure is simple. When in use, the underwater platform 2 of the hollow structure has sufficient buoyancy to support the overall structure and the device to float on the water surface.
  • the first space 21 and the second space 22 of the underwater platform 2 are respectively provided with a first flow channel 24 and a second flow channel 25 that cross each other vertically, and the turbines of the two hydro-generator units 6 are respectively located in Inside the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 .
  • the structure is simple, when in use, the ocean current enters the other side from one side of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25, and pushes the water turbine in the flow channel to run, and the rotation of the water turbine drives the generator to generate power.
  • first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 are perpendicular to each other and are located in the first space 21 and the second space 22 respectively, which is beneficial to absorb ocean current energy from the other two directions.
  • the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 absorb ocean current energy from four directions.
  • the flow channel adopts the structure form of contraction and expansion with small ends in the middle, so that the flow velocity of the ocean current at the center of the flow channel increases, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of ocean current energy.
  • the flow velocity v 2 at the center is: Since the inlet area A 1 is larger than the central area A 2 , the flow velocity v 2 at the center is greater than the inlet flow velocity v 1 .
  • the generating power of the hydraulic turbine is proportional to the cube of the flow velocity, therefore, compared with the case of directly using the sea current flow velocity v 1 to generate electricity, the flow channel structure of the present invention can greatly increase the generating power of the hydraulic turbine.
  • the apertures of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 of the underwater platform 2 gradually expand from the middle to both ends; the two ends of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 with larger cross-sections are provided with filters Net 26.
  • the structure is simple, and when in use, the filters 26 located at the larger cross-section ends on both sides of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 are used to block the floating objects from entering the flow channel; the sea current enters the flow channel from the larger cross-section end with a smaller cross-section.
  • the flow velocity formed in the flow channel with smaller cross-section is larger, which is conducive to promoting the rotation of the turbine and increasing the speed.
  • an anti-collision buffer ring 27 is arranged outside the third space 23 of the underwater platform 2 ; an anchor chain connecting plate 28 is arranged on the lower side of the first space 21 of the underwater platform 2 .
  • the structure is simple, and when in use, the anti-collision buffer ring 27 located on the outside of the underwater platform 2 is beneficial to slow down the impact force and improve the stability of the underwater platform 2 when it is subjected to floating objects or collisions; the anchor chain located at the lower part of the first space 21
  • the connecting plate 28 is used for connecting with the anchor chain to further improve the stability of the overall structure.
  • a generator room 231 is arranged in the center of the third space 23 of the underwater platform 2 , and the generator of the hydro-generator set 6 is located in the generator room 231 .
  • the structure is simple. When in use, the generator compartment 231 is located in the center of the third space 23 , which has good stability and is convenient for electrical connection with the surrounding battery compartment 232 and the instrument equipment compartment 233 .
  • a battery compartment 232 is arranged outside the generator compartment 231 of the third space 23
  • an instrument equipment compartment 233 is arranged outside the battery compartment 232
  • a buoyancy compartment 234 is arranged outside the instrument equipment compartment 233; the number of buoyancy compartments 234 is multiple , are independent cabins, not connected to each other.
  • the structure is simple.
  • the battery compartment 232 When in use, the battery compartment 232 is used to receive the electric energy generated by the wind turbine 4, the solar panel 5 and the hydroelectric generator set 6, store the electric energy, and directly supply power to various observation equipment carried by the marine buoy when necessary;
  • the instrument and equipment compartment 233 is used to install various instruments and equipment for power transmission, energy storage, power supply and control; the buoyancy compartment 234 is used to enhance the buoyancy of the buoy; , it will not affect the operation of the entire buoy.
  • the connecting member 3 is a hollow cylinder, and a plurality of inclined rods 31 are arranged around the cylinder to be connected to the above-water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2 .
  • the structure is simple, when in use, the connector 3 of the hollow structure not only plays the role of supporting the above-water platform 1, but also communicates with the underwater platform 2, and the cable and the optical cable pass through the battery and the equipment compartment of the battery compartment 232 from the hollow cylinder.
  • the equipment of 233 is electrically connected; a plurality of inclined rods 31 located around the cylinder further improve the structural strength of the connection between the above-water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2 .
  • the above-mentioned complementary power generation and power supply method for ocean buoys utilizing solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy for complementary power generation and power supply includes the following steps:
  • the wind turbine 4 absorbs wind energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment 232, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • the solar panel 5 absorbs the solar energy to generate electricity, and transmits the electric energy to the battery in the battery compartment 232, and the battery stores the electric energy;
  • any one of the other two power generation devices will send to the various observation equipment carried by the ocean buoy.
  • the other transmits electrical energy to the battery in the battery compartment 232, and the battery stores the electrical energy.
  • the method is simple and convenient to operate. Different power generation devices are arranged inside and outside the buoy with high structural strength, stable structure and good anti-collision impact performance. , to improve the long-term stable observation performance of observation equipment.
  • the above-mentioned ocean buoy and method for utilizing solar energy, wind energy and ocean current energy complementary power generation and energy supply when installed and used, the connector 3 is connected to the water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2, and the wind turbine 4 and the solar panel 5 are installed on the water platform 1 , the water turbine generator set 6 is located in the underwater platform 2, and the underwater platform 2 floats in the water to support the water platform 1 on the upper part of the water surface, and the power generated by the wind turbine 4, the solar panel 5 and the water turbine generator set 6 is transmitted to the battery compartment 232. It can be stored in the storage battery or directly transported to various observation equipment carried by the marine buoy, forming complementary power generation, uninterrupted power supply, and improving the long-term and stable observation performance of the observation equipment.
  • the structure has high strength, good stability, and is not easy to be damaged.
  • the water platform 1 with a circular structure When in use, the water platform 1 with a circular structure has better wind resistance performance and improves the stability of equipment operation.
  • the underwater platform 2 of the hollow structure When in use, the underwater platform 2 of the hollow structure has sufficient buoyancy to support the overall structure and the device to float on the water surface, the upper end is a cylinder, the lower end is a cone, and the stability is good.
  • the ocean current enters the other side from one side of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25, and pushes the water turbine in the flow channel to run, and the rotation of the water turbine drives the generator to generate power.
  • the filter screen 26 arranged at the larger cross-section ends on both sides of the first flow channel 24 and the second flow channel 25 is used to block the floating objects from entering the flow channel; the sea current enters the flow channel with a smaller cross-section from the flow channel at the larger end of the cross-section.
  • the flow velocity formed in the flow channel with smaller cross section is larger, which is beneficial to push the turbine to rotate and increase the speed.
  • the anti-collision buffer ring 27 located on the outside of the underwater platform 2 is beneficial to slow down the impact force and improve the stability of the underwater platform 2 when it is subjected to floating objects or collisions;
  • the generator compartment 231 When in use, the generator compartment 231 is located in the center of the third space 23 , which has good stability and facilitates electrical connection with the surrounding battery compartment 232 and the instrument and equipment compartment 233 .
  • the battery compartment 232 When in use, the battery compartment 232 is used to receive the electric energy generated by the wind turbine 4, the solar panel 5 and the hydroelectric generator set 6, store the electric energy, and directly supply power to various observation equipment carried by the marine buoy when necessary; the instrument equipment compartment 233 is used to install various instruments and equipment for power transmission, energy storage, power supply and control; buoyancy chamber 234 is used to increase the buoyancy of buoys; buoyancy chamber 234 is composed of a number of independent chambers. It will affect the operation of the entire buoy.
  • the connector 3 of the hollow structure not only plays the role of supporting the above-water platform 1, but also communicates with the underwater platform 2, and the cables and optical cables pass through the battery and the equipment of the battery compartment 232 and the equipment compartment 233 from the hollow cylinder.
  • Electrical connection; a plurality of inclined rod bodies 31 located around the cylinder further improve the structural strength of the connection between the above-water platform 1 and the underwater platform 2 .

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Abstract

一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法，海洋浮标包括水上平台（1）、水下平台（2）、连接件（3）、风力机（4）、太阳能板（5）和水轮发电机组（6），通过连接件（3）连接水上平台（1）和水下平台（2），风力机（4）和太阳能板（5）与水上平台（1）安装，水轮发电机组（6）位于水下平台（2）内，水下平台（2）浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台（1），通过风力机（4）、太阳能板（5）和水轮发电机组（6）所发电能输送至蓄电池舱（232）中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备。

Description

利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法 技术领域
本发明属于海洋工程技术领域，涉及一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法。
背景技术
海洋浮标是一种应用较为广泛的海洋水文气象观测平台，它放置于海面上，通过锚链系统与海底连接。浮标上可搭载各种观测设备，用来对海上各类气象要素(如风速、波浪参数等)进行测量。由于海洋浮标需要长时间放置于海上，特别是对于深远海放置的海洋浮标，其布放周期可达数年，且维护成本高昂，因此，能够长期持续且安全可靠的为各种设备供电是浮标设计时的重要考虑因素。目前，利用浮标周围环境中的太阳能、风能等各种可再生能源进行自给供电的海洋浮标装置成为了人们所重点关注的方向。
中国专利CN211930540U(石学涛等)提出了一种用于海洋浮标的太阳能供电装置，该供电装置具有自清洁功能，安装便捷，然而由于太阳能发电的间隙性属性，单一的太阳能供电并不能满足浮标长时间观测的需求。
中国专利CN110329436A(陆海等)提出一种风光互补供电的浮标，该浮标配备有蓄电池用于存储所发电量，一定程度上提高了浮标供能系统的灵活性和稳定性，然而，风力发电和太阳能发电均具有间隙性，如果在风能和太阳能长时间不充足的时间段，或者某些设备损坏的情况下，浮标的供电依然可能会出现一定问题。
考虑到海洋本身的波浪以及海流中蕴含的着丰富的能量，研究人员发明了多种海洋能供电的浮标系统。例如中国专利CN207860395U(梁旭等)、CN108001626A(梁旭等)提出利用波浪能产生的压电效应为浮标进行供电；中国专利CN107288808A(刘云平等)、CN111422308A(王旭等)提出利用波浪推动线圈切割磁感线进行发电，进而为浮标进行供电。然而，以上两类波浪能发电装置在海水中的稳定性较差，结构易于损坏。
利用海洋中的海流能推动水轮机进行发电也越来越多受到人们的关注，由于海水的密度较大，即使是很小的海流流速，海流能发电装置也能充分利用。此外，相比于风力发电，海流的速度较低，使得海流能发电装置更加不容易损坏。目前，中国专利CN205618293U(王鹏等)、CN107401475A(贯赛虎等)分别提出了利用海流进行发电的装置，但是以上两个专利并不是为浮标所设计的，其结构形式无法应用到海洋浮标上。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法，结构简单，采用连接件连接水上平台和水下平台，风力机和太阳能板与水上平台安装，水轮发电机组位于水下平台内，水下平台浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台，风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备，形成互补发电，不间断供电，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能，结构强度高，稳定性好，不易损坏。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，它包括水上平台、水下平台、连接件、风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组；所述连接件两端分别与水上平台和水下平台连接，水下平台位于水上平台下部，风力机和太阳能板与水上平台连接，水轮发电机组位于水下平台内部；所述水下平台提供浮力支撑水上平台，并对风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发电量进行存储和输出。
所述水上平台为圆形结构的平板，太阳能板与平板上侧面连接，多个风力机均匀分布于太阳能板四周与平板连接。
所述水下平台包括与圆柱体和圆锥体连接的中空结构，位于腔体内从下向上依次设置第一空间、第二空间和第三空间。
所述水下平台的第一空间和第二空间内分别设置相互垂直交叉的第一流道和第二流道，两个水轮发电机组的水轮机分别位于第一流道和第二流道内。
所述水下平台的第一流道和第二流道的孔径从中间向两端逐渐扩大；第一流道和第二流道截面较大的两端设置过滤网。
所述水下平台的第三空间外设置防撞缓冲圈；水下平台的第一空间下侧设置锚链连接板。
所述水下平台的第三空间中心设置发电机舱，水轮发电机组的发电机位于发电机舱内。
所述第三空间的发电机舱外侧设置蓄电池舱，蓄电池舱外侧设置仪器设备舱，位于仪器设备舱外侧设置浮力舱；浮力舱的数量为多个，均为独立舱室，互不联通。
所述连接件为中空的圆柱体，位于圆柱体四周设置多个倾斜的杆体与水上平台和水下平台连接。
如上所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标的互补发电供电方法，它包括如下步骤：
S1，风力发电及存储，风力机吸收风能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S2，太阳能发电及存储，太阳能板吸收太阳能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S3，海流发电及存储，海流流经水轮发电机组的水轮机推动发电机转动发电，所发电量输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S4，互补供电，
S4-1，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，且风力发电、太阳能发电和海流发电皆稳定的情况下，风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-2，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-3，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电均处于不稳定状态时，蓄电池向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-4，当蓄电池电量处于未饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中 一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余的两个发电装置的任一个向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电，另一个将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存。
一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，它包括水上平台、水下平台、连接件、风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组；连接件两端分别与水上平台和水下平台连接，水下平台位于水上平台下部，风力机和太阳能板与水上平台连接，水轮发电机组位于水下平台内部；水下平台提供浮力支撑水上平台，并对风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发电量进行存储和输出。结构简单，通过连接件连接水上平台和水下平台，风力机和太阳能板与水上平台安装，水轮发电机组位于水下平台内，水下平台浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台，通过风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备，形成互补发电，不间断供电，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能，结构强度高，稳定性好，不易损坏。
在优选的方案中，水上平台为圆形结构的平板，太阳能板与平板上侧面连接，多个风力机均匀分布于太阳能板四周与平板连接。结构简单，使用时，为圆形结构的水上平台，有较好的抗风阻性能，提高设备运行的稳定性。
在优选的方案中，水下平台包括与圆柱体和圆锥体连接的中空结构，位于腔体内从下向上依次设置第一空间、第二空间和第三空间。结构简单，使用时，中空结构的水下平台有足够的浮力支撑整体结构及装置浮于水面，上端为圆柱体，下端为圆锥体，稳定性好。
在优选的方案中，水下平台的第一空间和第二空间内分别设置相互垂直交叉的第一流道和第二流道，两个水轮发电机组的水轮机分别位于第一流道和第二流道内。结构简单，使用时，海流从第一流道和第二流道一侧进入另一侧，推动流道内的水轮机运转，水轮机转动带动发电机做功发电。
在优选的方案中，水下平台的第一流道和第二流道的孔径从中间向两端逐渐扩大；第一流道和第二流道截面较大的两端设置过滤网。结构简单，使用时，位于第一流道和第二流道两侧较大截面端设置的过滤网用于阻挡漂浮物进入流道内；海流从截面较大一端的流道进入截面较小的流道时，在截面较小的流道形成的流速较大，有利于推动水轮机转动，提高转速。
在优选的方案中，水下平台的第三空间外设置防撞缓冲圈；水下平台的第一空间下侧设置锚链连接板。结构简单，使用时，位于水下平台外侧的防撞缓冲圈在受到漂浮物或碰撞时，有利于减缓冲击力，提高水下平台的稳定性；位于第一空间下部的锚链连接板用于与锚链连接，进一步提高整体结构的稳定性。
在优选的方案中，水下平台的第三空间中心设置发电机舱，水轮发电机组的发电机位于发电机舱内。结构简单，使用时，发电机舱位于第三空间中心，稳定性好，且便于与周围的蓄电池舱和仪器设备舱进行电性连接。
在优选的方案中，第三空间的发电机舱外侧设置蓄电池舱，蓄电池舱外侧设置仪器设备舱，位于仪器设备舱外侧设置浮力舱；浮力舱的数量为多个，均为独立舱室，互不联通。结构简单，使用时，蓄电池舱用于接受风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发出的电能，并对电能进行存储，必要时向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；仪器设备舱用于安装各种输电、储能、供电及控制的各种仪器设备；浮力舱用于提升浮标的浮力；浮力舱由多个独立的舱室组成，在其中一个遇到故障时，不会影响整个浮标的运行。
在优选的方案中，连接件为中空的圆柱体，位于圆柱体四周设置多个倾斜的杆体与水上平台和水下平台连接。结构简单，使用时，中空结构的连接件不仅起到支撑水上平台的作用，还与水下平台连通，电缆和光缆从中空的圆柱体穿过与蓄电池舱的蓄电池和仪器设备舱的设备电性连接；位于圆柱体四周多个倾斜的杆体进一步提高水上平台和水下平台之间连接的结构强度。
在优选的方案中，如上利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标的互补发电供电方法，它包括如下步骤：
S1，风力发电及存储，风力机吸收风能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S2，太阳能发电及存储，太阳能板吸收太阳能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S3，海流发电及存储，海流流经水轮发电机组的水轮机推动发电机转动发电，所发电量输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S4，互补供电，
S4-1，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，且风力发电、太阳能发电和海流发电皆稳定的情况下，风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-2，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-3，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电均处于不稳定状态时，蓄电池向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-4，当蓄电池电量处于未饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余的两个发电装置的任一个向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电，另一个将电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存。该方法操作简单方便，在结构强度高、结构稳定、防碰撞冲击性能好的浮标内外设置不同的发电装置，不同发电装置形成互补发电和充电，实现对浮标搭载的各种观测设备提供不间断电能，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能。
一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法，它包括水上平台、水下平台、连接件、风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组，通过连接件连接水上平台和水下平台，风力机和太阳能板与水上平台安装，水轮发电机组位于水下平台内，水下平台浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台，通过风力机、太阳能板和水轮发电机组所发电能输送至蓄电池舱中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备。本发明克服了原浮标供电不稳定造成观测容易中断，结构不稳定，容易损坏的问题，具有结构简单，形成互补发电，不间断供电，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能，结构强度高，稳定性好，不易损坏的特点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为图1的俯视示意图。
图3为图1的A-A处剖视示意图。
图4为图1的B-B处剖视示意图。
图5为图1的C-C处剖视示意图。
图6为图1的D处放大示意图。
图中：水上平台1，水下平台2，第一空间21，第二空间22，第三空间23，发电机舱231，蓄电池舱232，仪器设备舱233，浮力舱234，第一流道24，第二流道25，过滤网26，防撞缓冲圈27，锚链连接板28，连接件3，杆体31，风力机4，太阳能板5，水轮发电机组6。
具体实施方式
如图1～图6中，一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，它包括水上平台1、水下平台2、连接件3、风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6；所述连接件3两端分别与水上平台1和水下平台2连接，水下平台2位于水上平台1下部，风力机4和太阳能板5与水上平台1连接，水轮发电机组6位于水下平台2内部；所述水下平台2提供浮力支撑水上平台1，并对风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6所发电量进行存储和输出。结构简单，通过连接件3连接水上平台1和水下平台2，风力机4和太阳能板5与水上平台1安装，水轮发电机组6位于水下平台2内，水下平台2浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台1，通过风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6所发电能输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备，形成互补发电，不间断供电，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能，结构强度高，稳定性好，不易损坏。
优选的方案中，所述水上平台1为圆形结构的平板，太阳能板5与平板上侧面连接，多个风力机4均匀分布于太阳能板5四周与平板连接。结构简单，使用时，为圆形结构的水上平台1，有较好的抗风阻性能，提高设备运行的稳定性。
优选地，太阳能板5布设于水上平台1的中心，围绕太阳能板5布设至少四个风力机4。
优选地，风力机4为垂直轴风力发电机。
优选的方案中，所述水下平台2包括与圆柱体和圆锥体连接的中空结构，位于腔体内从下向上依次设置第一空间21、第二空间22和第三空间23。结构简单，使用时，中空结构的水下平台2有足够的浮力支撑整体结构及装置浮于水面，上端为圆柱体，下端为圆锥体，稳定性好。
优选的方案中，所述水下平台2的第一空间21和第二空间22内分别设置相互垂直交叉的第一流道24和第二流道25，两个水轮发电机组6的水轮机分别位于第一流道24和第二流道25内。结构简单，使用时，海流从第一流道24和第二流道25一侧进入另一侧，推动流道内的水轮机运转，水轮机转动带动发电机做功发电。
优选地，第一流道24和第二流道25相互垂直交叉分别位于第一空间21和第二空间22内，有利于吸收来自于另两个方向的海流能。
第一流道24和第二流道25吸收来自四个方向的海流能。此外，流道采用中间小两端大的收缩扩张的结构形式，使得海流在流道中心处的流速增大，进而可提高海流能的利用效率。假设流道入口处的流速为v 1，面积为A 1，流道中心处的面积为A 2，则中心处的流速v 2 为：
Figure PCTCN2022070352-appb-000001
由于入口面积A 1要大于中心面积A 2，因此，中心处的流速v 2大于入口流速v 1。水轮机的发电功率与流速的三次方成正比，因此，与直接采用海流流速v 1进行发电的情况相比，本发明的流道结构可以大幅提高水轮机的发电功率。
优选的方案中，所述水下平台2的第一流道24和第二流道25的孔径从中间向两端逐渐扩大；第一流道24和第二流道25截面较大的两端设置过滤网26。结构简单，使用时，位于第一流道24和第二流道25两侧较大截面端设置的过滤网26用于阻挡漂浮物进入流道内；海流从截面较大一端的流道进入截面较小的流道时，在截面较小的流道形成的流速较大，有利于推动水轮机转动，提高转速。
优选的方案中，所述水下平台2的第三空间23外设置防撞缓冲圈27；水下平台2的第一空间21下侧设置锚链连接板28。结构简单，使用时，位于水下平台2外侧的防撞缓冲圈27在受到漂浮物或碰撞时，有利于减缓冲击力，提高水下平台2的稳定性；位于第一空间21下部的锚链连接板28用于与锚链连接，进一步提高整体结构的稳定性。
优选的方案中，所述水下平台2的第三空间23中心设置发电机舱231，水轮发电机组6的发电机位于发电机舱231内。结构简单，使用时，发电机舱231位于第三空间23中心，稳定性好，且便于与周围的蓄电池舱232和仪器设备舱233进行电性连接。
优选的方案中，所述第三空间23的发电机舱231外侧设置蓄电池舱232，蓄电池舱232外侧设置仪器设备舱233，位于仪器设备舱233外侧设置浮力舱234；浮力舱234的数量为多个，均为独立舱室，互不联通。结构简单，使用时，蓄电池舱232用于接受风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6所发出的电能，并对电能进行存储，必要时向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；仪器设备舱233用于安装各种输电、储能、供电及控制的各种仪器设备；浮力舱234用于提升浮标的浮力；浮力舱234由多个独立的舱室组成，在其中一个遇到故障时，不会影响整个浮标的运行。
优选的方案中，所述连接件3为中空的圆柱体，位于圆柱体四周设置多个倾斜的杆体31与水上平台1和水下平台2连接。结构简单，使用时，中空结构的连接件3不仅起到支撑水上平台1的作用，还与水下平台2连通，电缆和光缆从中空的圆柱体穿过与蓄电池舱232的蓄电池和仪器设备舱233的设备电性连接；位于圆柱体四周多个倾斜的杆体31进一步提高水上平台1和水下平台2之间连接的结构强度。
优选的方案中，如上所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标的互补发电供电方法，它包括如下步骤：
S1，风力发电及存储，风力机4吸收风能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S2，太阳能发电及存储，太阳能板5吸收太阳能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S3，海流发电及存储，海流流经水轮发电机组6的水轮机推动发电机转动发电，所发电量输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
S4，互补供电，
S4-1，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，且风力发电、太阳能发电和海流发电皆稳定的情况下，风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测 设备直接供电；
S4-2，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-3，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电均处于不稳定状态时，蓄电池向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
S4-4，当蓄电池电量处于未饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余的两个发电装置的任一个向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电，另一个将电能输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存。该方法操作简单方便，在结构强度高、结构稳定、防碰撞冲击性能好的浮标内外设置不同的发电装置，不同发电装置形成互补发电和充电，实现对浮标搭载的各种观测设备提供不间断电能，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能。
如上所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标及方法，安装使用时，连接件3连接水上平台1和水下平台2，风力机4和太阳能板5与水上平台1安装，水轮发电机组6位于水下平台2内，水下平台2浮于水中支撑水面上部的水上平台1，风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6所发电能输送至蓄电池舱232中的蓄电池储存或直接输送至海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备，形成互补发电，不间断供电，提高观测设备长期稳定的观测性能，结构强度高，稳定性好，不易损坏。
使用时，为圆形结构的水上平台1，有较好的抗风阻性能，提高设备运行的稳定性。
使用时，中空结构的水下平台2有足够的浮力支撑整体结构及装置浮于水面，上端为圆柱体，下端为圆锥体，稳定性好。
使用时，海流从第一流道24和第二流道25一侧进入另一侧，推动流道内的水轮机运转，水轮机转动带动发电机做功发电。
使用时，位于第一流道24和第二流道25两侧较大截面端设置的过滤网26用于阻挡漂浮物进入流道内；海流从截面较大一端的流道进入截面较小的流道时，在截面较小的流道形成的流速较大，有利于推动水轮机转动，提高转速。
使用时，位于水下平台2外侧的防撞缓冲圈27在受到漂浮物或碰撞时，有利于减缓冲击力，提高水下平台2的稳定性；位于第一空间21下部的锚链连接板28用于与锚链连接，进一步提高整体结构的稳定性。
使用时，发电机舱231位于第三空间23中心，稳定性好，且便于与周围的蓄电池舱232和仪器设备舱233进行电性连接。
使用时，蓄电池舱232用于接受风力机4、太阳能板5和水轮发电机组6所发出的电能，并对电能进行存储，必要时向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；仪器设备舱233用于安装各种输电、储能、供电及控制的各种仪器设备；浮力舱234用于提升浮标的浮力；浮力舱234由多个独立的舱室组成，在其中一个遇到故障时，不会影响整个浮标的运行。
使用时，中空结构的连接件3不仅起到支撑水上平台1的作用，还与水下平台2连通，电缆和光缆从中空的圆柱体穿过与蓄电池舱232的蓄电池和仪器设备舱233的设备电性连接；位于圆柱体四周多个倾斜的杆体31进一步提高水上平台1和水下平台2之间连接的结构强度。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：它包括水上平台(1)、水下平台(2)、连接件(3)、风力机(4)、太阳能板(5)和水轮发电机组(6)；所述连接件(3)两端分别与水上平台(1)和水下平台(2)连接，水下平台(2)位于水上平台(1)下部，风力机(4)和太阳能板(5)与水上平台(1)连接，水轮发电机组(6)位于水下平台(2)内部；所述水下平台(2)提供浮力支撑水上平台(1)，并对风力机(4)、太阳能板(5)和水轮发电机组(6)所发电量进行存储和输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水上平台(1)为圆形结构的平板，太阳能板(5)与平板上侧面连接，多个风力机(4)均匀分布于太阳能板(5)四周与平板连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水下平台(2)包括与圆柱体和圆锥体连接的中空结构，位于腔体内从下向上依次设置第一空间(21)、第二空间(22)和第三空间(23)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水下平台(2)的第一空间(21)和第二空间(22)内分别设置相互垂直交叉的第一流道(24)和第二流道(25)，两个水轮发电机组(6)的水轮机分别位于第一流道(24)和第二流道(25)内。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水下平台(2)的第一流道(24)和第二流道(25)的孔径从中间向两端逐渐扩大；第一流道(24)和第二流道(25)截面较大的两端设置过滤网(26)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水下平台(2)的第三空间(23)外设置防撞缓冲圈(27)；水下平台(2)的第一空间(21)下侧设置锚链连接板(28)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述水下平台(2)的第三空间(23)中心设置发电机舱(231)，水轮发电机组(6)的发电机位于发电机舱(231)内。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述第三空间(23)的发电机舱(231)外侧设置蓄电池舱(232)，蓄电池舱(232)外侧设置仪器设备舱(233)，位于仪器设备舱(233)外侧设置浮力舱(234)；浮力舱(234)的数量为多个，均为独立舱室，互不联通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标，其特征是：所述连接件(3)为中空的圆柱体，位于圆柱体四周设置多个倾斜的杆体(31)与水上平台(1)和水下平台(2)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的利用太阳能、风能和海流能互补发电供能的海洋浮标的互补发电供电方法，其特征是，它包括如下步骤：
    S1，风力发电及存储，风力机(4)吸收风能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱(232)中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
    S2，太阳能发电及存储，太阳能板(5)吸收太阳能进行发电，并将电能输送至蓄电池舱(232)中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
    S3，海流发电及存储，海流流经水轮发电机组(6)的水轮机推动发电机转动发电，所发 电量输送至蓄电池舱(232)中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存；
    S4，互补供电，
    S4-1，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，且风力发电、太阳能发电和海流发电皆稳定的情况下，风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
    S4-2，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余任一发电装置向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
    S4-3，当蓄电池电量处于饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电均处于不稳定状态时，蓄电池向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电；
    S4-4，当蓄电池电量处于未饱和状态时，但风力发电、太阳能发电、海流发电其中一发电装置处于不稳定状态时，其余的两个发电装置的任一个向海洋浮标搭载的各种观测设备直接供电，另一个将电能输送至蓄电池舱(232)中的蓄电池，蓄电池对电能进行储存。
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