WO2022142253A1 - 集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础 - Google Patents

集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础 Download PDF

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WO2022142253A1
WO2022142253A1 PCT/CN2021/105230 CN2021105230W WO2022142253A1 WO 2022142253 A1 WO2022142253 A1 WO 2022142253A1 CN 2021105230 W CN2021105230 W CN 2021105230W WO 2022142253 A1 WO2022142253 A1 WO 2022142253A1
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energy storage
storage device
electrochemical energy
gravity
anchoring structure
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PCT/CN2021/105230
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王卫
闫俊义
林琳
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202011585600.0A external-priority patent/CN112606962A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202023226690.2U external-priority patent/CN214397143U/zh
Application filed by 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 filed Critical 中国长江三峡集团有限公司
Publication of WO2022142253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142253A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/19—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing chemical energy, e.g. using electrolysis

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of offshore floating wind power, and relates to an offshore wind power floating foundation integrated with an electrochemical energy storage device.
  • offshore wind energy storage usually builds energy storage power stations for centralized energy storage. If the energy storage power station is built on land, it will occupy a large land area. If it is built at sea, a dedicated platform needs to be built, and the cost is relatively high. As offshore wind farms move from offshore to deep seas, the basic form of offshore wind farms will also be based on floating foundations, and the construction of floating platforms for energy storage power stations will be a huge investment. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new, efficient and low-cost electrochemical energy storage method, which can not only realize the regulation of the output power of offshore wind turbines, but also avoid the construction of a dedicated platform for energy storage power stations.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an offshore wind power floating foundation integrated with an electrochemical energy storage device.
  • the type of the floating foundation is a tension leg type, and the lower part of the floating support platform is connected with a gravity anchoring structure by mooring cables.
  • the wind turbine is located on the upper part of the floating support platform and is connected to it through the support structure, and the electrochemical energy storage device is integrated into the gravity anchoring structure. It is connected by a cable, and the submarine cable is connected with the electrochemical energy storage device to lead out the gravity anchoring structure.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device adjusts the output power of the wind turbine in real time or periodically according to the power output characteristics of the wind turbine. It has good performance and can effectively reduce or eliminate the impact of the existing offshore wind power fluctuations on the power grid.
  • an offshore wind power floating foundation integrated with an electrochemical energy storage device comprising a floating support platform, a gravity anchoring structure and an electrochemical energy storage device;
  • the chemical energy storage device is located in the gravity anchoring structure;
  • the gravity anchoring structure is located at the bottom of the floating support platform and is connected to it;
  • the electrochemical energy storage device includes a core energy storage element, an electric energy control system and a battery management system.
  • the control system and the battery management system are connected to the core energy storage element;
  • the core energy storage element is one or more combinations of ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and solid-state lithium batteries.
  • the floating support platform is connected to the wind turbine through a support structure to support the safe and stable operation of the wind turbine, and the floating support platform is connected to the gravity anchoring structure through mooring cables to limit wind, wave and current loads
  • the electrochemical energy storage device is placed in the inner space of the gravity anchoring structure during the construction process of the gravity anchoring structure.
  • the gravity anchoring structure is provided with a seawater cooling system to maintain the temperature of the inner space. and humidity to meet the environmental requirements of electrochemical energy storage devices.
  • the floating support platform, gravity anchoring structure, electrochemical energy storage device, and wind turbine are designed and constructed as a whole, and the construction and assembly processes are completed on land to reduce offshore operation procedures and time.
  • the anchoring structure is fixed as a whole during the wet holding process, which can make full use of small ships for transportation.
  • the gravity anchoring structure sinks to the seabed under the action of its own weight, which reduces the difficulty of offshore construction.
  • the floating support platform includes a buoy connected to a base, a support rod, a tensioning mechanism and a support structure, the wind turbine is connected to the support structure, and the gravity anchor structure is connected to the floating support platform It is connected by the tension adjustment mechanism and the mooring cable.
  • the gravity anchoring structure is made of concrete, reinforced concrete, and rockfill concrete, and its interior is a hollow structure, and a seawater cooling system is arranged around the energy storage space of the gravity anchoring structure.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device and the wind turbine are connected by a cable, and the submarine cable is connected with the electrochemical energy storage device and is drawn out of the gravity anchoring structure.
  • the electric energy generated by the wind turbine is transported to the electrochemical energy storage device for storage through the cable, and the submarine cable is connected with the electrochemical energy storage device and introduced into the power grid.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device adjusts energy storage and energy discharge strategies according to the real-time output power of the wind turbine and a short-term power prediction value.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device is integrated into the internal space of the gravity anchoring structure to avoid the design, construction and maintenance costs brought by the construction of a special platform for a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station.
  • Gravity anchoring structures are constructed of concrete, reinforced concrete or rockfill concrete, which helps to reduce the cost of floating foundations.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device stores excess electrical energy in the electrochemical energy storage device when the output power of the wind turbine is higher than the demand on the grid side. When the power generation of the wind turbine is lower than the demand on the grid side, the electrochemical energy storage device releases electrical energy.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device adjusts the storage and discharge mode in real time and periodically according to the output power of the wind turbine, reduces or eliminates the fluctuation of the offshore wind power input to the grid, and improves the grid's ability to absorb offshore wind power.
  • the floating foundation of offshore wind power with an integrated electrochemical energy storage device utilizes electrochemical energy storage to realize the self-starting power generation of the wind turbine when the wind turbine is disconnected from the power grid, and also provide stable electrical energy for the key load of the wind turbine. Ensure the normal operation and maintenance of wind turbine auxiliary equipment during power outages in offshore wind farms.
  • the floating support platform, gravity anchoring structure, electrochemical energy storage device and wind turbine are systematically designed, constructed, assembled and constructed to reduce the total investment cost of offshore wind power.
  • the gravity anchoring structure adopts modular design and assembly, the maintenance of the electrochemical energy storage device is more convenient.
  • the floating foundation of offshore wind power with integrated electrochemical energy storage device is suitable for the sea area with a water depth of 30-350m.
  • the upper part of the floating support platform can support multiple 10-20MW wind turbines according to the design requirements.
  • the floating support structure is connected to the gravity anchoring structure through mooring cables, and the mooring system includes tensioning or catenary type to ensure that the floating foundation of offshore wind power is suitable for different marine environments and engineering needs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the gravity anchoring structure and the electrochemical energy storage device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of the arrangement of the gravity anchoring structure and the electrochemical energy storage device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the tensioning adjustment mechanism of the present invention.
  • floating support platform 1 floating support platform 1, buoy 11, support rod 12, tension adjustment mechanism 13, support structure 14, gravity anchoring structure 2, electrochemical energy storage device 3, core energy storage element 31, electric energy control system 32, Battery management system 33 , wind turbine 4 , mooring cable 5 , cable 6 , submarine cable 7 , seawater cooling system 8 .
  • an offshore wind power floating foundation integrated with an electrochemical energy storage device includes a floating support platform 1, a gravity anchoring structure 2 and an electrochemical energy storage device 3;
  • the floating support platform 1 includes The buoy 11, the support rod 12, the tension adjustment mechanism 13 and the support structure 14 connected to the base;
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 includes a core energy storage element 31, an electric energy control system 32 and a battery management system 33.
  • the electric energy control system 32, the battery management system The system 33 is connected to the core energy storage element 31 ;
  • a seawater cooling system 8 is arranged around the energy storage space of the gravity anchoring structure 2 .
  • the wind power generator 4 is connected with the support structure 14 ; the gravity type anchoring structure 2 and the floating support platform 1 are connected through the tension adjustment mechanism 13 and the mooring cable 5 ; the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is located inside the gravity type anchorage structure 2 space.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 and the wind power generator 4 are connected by a cable 6, and the submarine cable 7 is connected with the electrochemical energy storage device 3 and leads out of the gravity anchoring structure 2 to be connected to the power grid.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adjusts the power input to the power grid in real time or periodically according to the power output characteristics of the wind turbine 5, so as to effectively reduce or eliminate the impact on the power grid caused by excessive fluctuation of the existing offshore wind power.
  • the support structure 14 is the prior art, such as the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN110949633A, and the title of the invention is the tower structure disclosed in "Barge-Type Floating Fan System and Floating Fan Platform”; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112761883A, the invention The tower structure disclosed in the title "A Floating Platform for Combined Wind Power Generation and Seawater Hydrogen Production”.
  • the main structure of the floating support platform 1 includes a buoy 11 , a support rod 12 , and a support structure 14 .
  • the gravity anchoring mechanism 2 is made of concrete, reinforced concrete, rockfill concrete and steel structure.
  • the gravity anchoring structure 2 provides the mooring force for the floating support platform 1. Under the action of the ultimate mooring force, the gravity anchoring structure 2. There will be no movement and inclination to ensure the stability of the electrochemical energy storage device 3 inside the gravity anchoring structure 2.
  • the gravity anchoring structure 2 also includes a suction cylinder and an anchor pile used in combination.
  • the seawater cooling system 8 utilizes low temperature seawater to ensure the temperature of the inner space of the gravity anchoring structure 2 .
  • the electric energy control system 32 adjusts the storage and discharge mode of the core energy storage element 31 through the battery management system 33, and the electric energy control system 32 predicts the output power of the wind turbine.
  • the power control system 32 is in the prior art, such as T/CNESA 1002-2019 Technical Specifications for Battery Management Systems for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems (Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems);
  • the battery management system 33 is in the prior art, such as T/CNESA 1002-2019 Technical Specifications for Battery Management Systems for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems.
  • the seawater cooling system 8 is in the prior art, such as a novel concrete intelligent temperature control system and method disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN104298272A; a large-volume concrete water cooling circulation device disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN208870037U; Chinese Patent Publication No. CN204662991U discloses a large-volume concrete water-cooling piping system.
  • the floating support platform 1 further includes a tension adjustment mechanism 13 connected with the base, and the tension adjustment mechanism 13 is connected with the mooring cable 5 .
  • the tension adjustment mechanism 13 When in use, when the ocean sea conditions change, the tension between the mooring cable 5 and the gravity anchoring structure 2 is adjusted by the tension adjustment mechanism 13, so as to improve the stability of the floating support platform 1 and adapt it to different sea conditions. under the marine environment.
  • the tensioning mechanism 13 is a wheel-type tensioner or a chain-type tensioner mechanism.
  • the gravity-type anchoring structure 2 is a prefabricated block, an energy storage space is set in the center thereof, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is located in the energy storage space.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is located inside the energy storage space of the gravity anchoring structure 2, which saves space, prevents it from being eroded by the marine environment, and improves the service life.
  • the gravity anchoring structure 2 adopts a concrete material or a steel prefabricated modular structure, which is convenient for mass construction and assembly and saves costs.
  • the gravity anchoring structure 2 is also used in combination with suction cylinders or anchor piles to provide the mooring force of the floating support platform 1 for fixed point fixing in a certain sea area, further improving the stability of the floating support platform 1 and ensuring The electrochemical energy storage device 3 in the gravity anchoring structure 2 operates stably.
  • a seawater cooling system 8 is arranged around the energy storage space of the gravity anchoring structure 2 .
  • the structure is simple, and the seawater cooling system 8 arranged around the energy storage space is used to absorb part of the heat emitted by the electrochemical energy storage device 3 and transfer it to the seawater, so that the electrochemical energy storage device 3 works at the set ambient temperature, Improve its runtime stability.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 includes a core energy storage element 31, an electric energy control system 32 and a battery management system 33, the electric energy control system 32 and the battery management system 33 and the core energy storage element 31, cables 6, sea cable 7 connection.
  • the electric energy control system 32 controls the charging and discharging of the core energy storage element 31 and predicts the output power of the wind turbine 4 in time.
  • the battery management system 33 is used to manage the core energy storage element 31 .
  • the operating status of the wind turbine 4 and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is transmitted to the centralized control center in real time through the submarine cable 7, and the centralized control center regulates the operation of the wind turbine 4 and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 through the optical fiber in the submarine cable 7 model.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adjusts the energy storage and energy discharge strategies according to the real-time power and short-term power prediction value of the wind turbine 4 .
  • the output power of the wind generator 4 is relatively large, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 stores part of the electrical energy.
  • the output power of the wind turbine 4 is small, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 releases part of the electric energy, that is, according to the power output characteristics of the wind turbine on the upper part of the floating support platform 1, the real-time output power of the wind turbine is realized.
  • Periodic adjustment to ensure that the power input to the grid has less volatility, improve power quality, and improve the grid's ability to absorb offshore wind power.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adjusts the energy storage and energy discharge strategies according to the real-time output power of the wind turbine and the short-term power prediction value as the prior art, such as Zhang Zhi, Shao Yinchi, Lun Tao, etc. Electrochemical storage Summary of energy system participation in peak regulation and frequency regulation policy and exploration of compensation mechanism [J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2020, 39(5): 71-77, 84.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adopts a modular design and construction to improve versatility and reduce cost.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adopts a modular design and construction, which is conducive to the replacement and maintenance of the electrochemical energy storage device 3.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 in part of the box fails, other boxes inside The electrochemical energy storage device 3 still works normally.
  • the core energy storage element 31 is a combination of one or more of a ternary lithium battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, and a solid-state lithium battery.
  • the number of the wind generators 4 is one or more. In use, according to different sea conditions, one or more wind generators 4 are installed on a single floating support platform 1 to improve the utilization rate of wind energy.
  • the support structure 14 adopts a single-column structure.
  • the support structure 14 adopts a "V"-shaped structure.
  • the above-mentioned offshore wind power floating foundation integrated with electrochemical energy storage devices when installed and used, is connected to the gravity anchoring structure 2 with mooring cables 5 at the lower part of the floating support platform 1, and the wind turbine 4 is located on the floating support platform.
  • the upper part is connected to it, the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is located inside the gravity anchoring structure 2, the electrochemical energy storage device 3 and the wind turbine 4 are connected by a cable 6, and the submarine cable 7 is connected with the electrochemical energy storage device 3 to draw out the gravity
  • the external anchoring structure 2 is connected to the power grid, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 adjusts the output power of the wind turbine 4 in real time or periodically according to the power output characteristics of the wind turbine, with good stability and good adaptability, effectively reducing or eliminating the existing offshore Excessive wind power fluctuations have an impact on the power grid.
  • the electric energy generated by the wind generator 4 is transmitted to the electrochemical energy storage device 3 through the cable 6, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 starts the charging, discharging, and non-charging and non-discharging strategy according to the output power of the wind generator 4, and passes the electric energy through the electric energy storage device 3.
  • the submarine cable 8 is transmitted to the power grid, and the operation state data of the wind turbine 4 and the operation state data of the electrochemical energy storage device 3 are transmitted to the offshore wind farm centralized control center by the submarine cable 8 .
  • the output power of the wind generator 4 When in use, when the power generation of the wind generator 4 is higher than the demand on the grid side, the output power of the wind generator 4 is relatively large, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 stores part of the electrical energy. When required, the output power of the wind turbine 4 is small, and the electrochemical energy storage device 3 releases part of the electrical energy.
  • the floating support platform 1 supports the wind turbine 4, and the buoy 11 connected to the base floats in the sea water to carry the upper equipment and its own weight and external wind, wave and current loads to ensure its stability.
  • the tension between the mooring cable 5 and the gravity anchoring structure 2 can also be adjusted through the tension adjustment mechanism, so as to improve the stability of the floating support platform 1 and adapt it to different Marine environment in sea state.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device 3 When in use, the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is located inside the energy storage space of the gravity anchoring structure 2, making full use of the structural characteristics of the gravity anchoring structure 2, saving space, avoiding the erosion of the marine environment, and improving the service life.
  • the seawater cooling system 8 arranged around the energy storage space is used to absorb part of the heat emitted by the electrochemical energy storage device 3 during operation and transfer it to the seawater, so that the electrochemical energy storage device 3 is at a set ambient temperature. work to improve the stability of its runtime.
  • the electric energy control system 32 controls the charging and discharging of the core energy storage element 31 and predicts the output power of the wind turbine 4 in time.
  • the battery management system 33 is used to manage the core energy storage element 31 .
  • the core energy storage element 31 is one or more combinations of ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and solid-state lithium batteries.
  • the core energy storage element 31 also includes lead-acid (carbon) batteries, zinc-silver batteries, seawater batteries, and combinations of lead-acid (carbon) batteries, zinc-silver batteries, seawater batteries and lithium batteries.
  • one or more wind generators 4 are installed on a single floating support platform 1 to improve the utilization rate of wind energy.

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Abstract

一种集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，它包括浮式支撑平台、重力式锚固结构和电化学储能装置，浮式支撑平台下部通过系泊缆线连接于重力式锚固结构，风力发电机位于浮式支撑平台上部与其连接，电化学储能装置位于重力式锚固结构内部，电化学储能装置与风力发电机之间由电缆连接，海缆与电化学储能装置连接引出重力式锚固结构外与电网连接，电化学储能装置根据风力发电机功率输出特性实时调节或周期性调节风力发电机输入至电网的电能。具有结构简单，稳定性好，适应性好，有效降低或消除现有海上风电功率波动过大对电网的冲击的特点。

Description

集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础 技术领域
本发明属于海上浮式风电技术领域，涉及一种集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础。
背景技术
随着国家推进碳中和，海上风电等清洁能源将成为国家能源系统的重要部分。然而，风力发电机输出功率与风速密切相关，受到海上风速波动的影响，风力发电机的输出功率并不稳定，具有间歇性和随机性等特点。当前国内海上风电开发量相对较少，风电的波动性对电网稳定性无显著影响，但随着海上风电规模化开发，解决海上风电波动性将成为消纳海上风电的关键所在。“海上风电+储能”的开发模式越来越受到重视，即海上风电场配套一定比例的储能，以避免弃风弃电。目前，海上风电仍无法实现平价上网，若再加上储能成本，海上风电投资总成本将成为海上风电行业发展的制约因素。
当前，海上风电储能通常建立储能电站，进行集中式储能。若储能电站建在陆地上，则会占用较大陆地面积，若建在海上，则需要建造专用的平台，其成本相对较高。随着海上风电场从近海走向深远海，海上风电场的基础形式也将以漂浮式基础为主，建造储能电站浮式平台将是一笔巨额的投资。因此，迫切需要提出一种新型、高效、低成本的电化学储能方式，既能实现海上风力发电机输出功率的调节，又能避免建造储能电站专用平台。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，该浮式基础的类型为张力腿式，浮式支撑平台下部用系泊缆线连接重力式锚固结构，风力发电机位于浮式支撑平台上部通过支撑结构与其连接，电化学储能装置集成于重力式锚固结构内部，无需建造电化学储能电站浮式平台，电化学储能装置与风力发电机之间由电缆连接，海缆与电化学储能装置连接引出重力式锚固结构外，电化学储能装置根据风力发电机功率输出特性实时调节或周期性调节风力发电机输出功率，稳定性好，适应性好，有效降低或消除现有海上风电功率波动过大对电网的冲击。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种集成电化学储能装置的 海上风电浮式基础，包括浮式支撑平台、重力式锚固结构和电化学储能装置；所述电化学储能装置位于重力式锚固结构内；所述重力式锚固结构位于浮式支撑平台下部海床与其连接；所述电化学储能装置包括核心储能元件、电能控制系统和电池管理系统，电能控制系统、电池管理系统与核心储能元件连接；所述核心储能元件为三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、固态锂电池中一个或多种组合体。
所述浮式支撑平台通过支撑结构连接于风力发电机，以支撑风力发电机安全稳定运行，所述浮式支撑平台通过系泊缆线连接于重力式锚固结构，以限制风、浪、流荷载作用下浮式支撑平台的运动，所述电化学储能装置在重力式锚固结构建造过程中放置于重力式锚固结构内部空间，所述重力式锚固结构中设有海水冷却系统，保持内部空间的温度和湿度，以满足电化学储能装置对环境的要求。所述浮式支撑平台、重力式锚固结构、电化学储能装置、风力发电机采用整体设计和建造，在陆上完成建造和组装工序，减少海上作业工序和时间，浮式支撑平台和重力式锚固结构在湿托过程中固定为一体，可以充分利用小型船舶运输，同时重力式锚固结构在自重作用下沉落于海床，降低海上施工难度。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述浮式支撑平台包括底座连接的浮筒、支撑杆、张紧调节机构和支撑结构，风力发电机与支撑结构连接，所述重力式锚固结构与浮式支撑平台之间通过张紧调节机构和系泊缆线连接。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述重力式锚固结构采用混凝土、钢筋混凝土、堆石混凝土制作而成，其内部为中空结构，所述重力式锚固结构的储能空间周围环绕设置海水冷却系统。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述电化学储能装置与风力发电机之间由电缆连接，海缆与电化学储能装置连接引出重力式锚固结构外。使用时，风力发电机产生的电能通过电缆输送至电化学储能装置储存，海缆与电化学储能装置连接引入电网。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述电化学储能装置根据风力发电机的实时输出功率和短时间的功率预测值调整储能、放能策略。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果：
1、利用海上风电漂浮式基础下部的重力式锚固结构，将电化学储能装置集成于重力式锚固结构内部空间，避免建造集中式电化学储能电站专用平台带来的设计、施工和维护成本。重力式锚固结构采用混凝土、钢筋混凝土或堆石混凝土建造，有利于 降低漂浮式基础成本。
2、电化学储能装置在风力发电机输出电量高于电网侧需求时，将过剩电能储存于电化学储能装置，在风力发电机发电量低于电网侧需求时，电化学储能装置释放电能。电化学储能装置根据风力发电机输出功率，进行实时性、周期性调整储放模式，降低或消除输入到电网的海上风电功率波动，提高电网对海上风电的消纳能力。
3、集成电化学储能装置的海上风电漂浮式基础利用电化学储能，实现风力发电机与电网断开情况下，风力发电机的自启动发电，还为风力发电机关键负荷提供稳定电能，保障风力发电机辅助设备在海上风电场断电期间的正常运行和维护。
4、浮式支撑平台、重力式锚固结构和电化学储能装置与风力发电机采用系统性设计、建造、组装和施工，降低海上风电投资总成本。当重力式锚固结构采用模块化设计和组装时，电化学储能装置的维护更加方便。
5、集成电化学储能装置的海上风电漂浮式基础适用于水深30-350m的海域，同时浮式支撑平台上部根据设计需求，支撑多个10-20MW风力发电机。
6、浮式支撑结构通过系泊缆线连接于重力式锚固结构，系泊系统包括张紧式或悬链线式，保证海上风电漂浮式基础适应于不同的海洋环境以及工程需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的重力式锚固结构和电化学储能装置布置示意图。
图3为本发明的重力式锚固结构和电化学储能装置另一种布置示意图。
图4为本发明的另一种结构示意图。
图5为本发明张紧调节机构的结构示意图。
图中：浮式支撑平台1、浮筒11、支撑杆12、张紧调节机构13、支撑结构14、重力式锚固结构2，电化学储能装置3，核心储能元件31，电能控制系统32，电池管理系统33，风力发电机4，系泊缆线5，电缆6，海缆7，海水冷却系统8。
具体实施方式
如图1-图5中，一种集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，它包括浮式支撑平台1、重力式锚固结构2和电化学储能装置3；浮式支撑平台1包括底座连接的浮筒11、支撑杆12、张紧调节机构13和支撑结构14；电化学储能装置3包括核心 储能元件31、电能控制系统32和电池管理系统33，电能控制系统32、电池管理系统33与核心储能元件31连接；重力式锚固结构2的储能空间周围环绕设置海水冷却系统8。风力发电机4与支撑结构14连接；重力式锚固结构2与浮式支撑平台1之间通过张紧调节机构13和系泊缆线5连接；电化学储能装置3位于重力式锚固结构2内部空间。电化学储能装置3与风力发电机4之间由电缆6连接，海缆7与电化学储能装置3连接引出重力式锚固结构2外与电网连接。电化学储能装置3根据风力发电机5功率输出特性实时调节或周期性调节输入至电网的功率，有效降低或消除现有海上风电功率波动过大对电网的冲击。
优选地，支撑结构14为现有技术，如中国专利公开号为CN 110949633A，发明名称为《驳船型漂浮式风机系统及浮式风机平台》中公开的塔筒结构；中国专利公开号CN112761883A，发明名称为《一种联合风能发电和海水制氢的浮式平台》中公开的塔架结构。
值得说明的是，浮式支撑平台1主体结构包括浮筒11、支撑杆12、支撑结构14，支撑杆12连接多个浮筒，支撑结构14固定于支撑杆12上部。重力式锚固机构2采用混凝土、钢筋混凝土、堆石混凝土、钢结构制作而成，重力式锚固结构2为浮式支撑平台1提供系泊力，在极限系泊力的作用下，重力式锚固结构2不会发生移动和倾斜，以保证电化学储能装置3在重力式锚固结构2内部的稳定性，重力式锚固结构2还包括与吸力筒、锚桩联合使用。海水冷却系统8利用低温海水保证重力式锚固结构2内部空间的温度。电能控制系统32通过电池管理系统33调整核心储能元件31的储放模式，电能控制系统32对风力发电机输出功率进行预测。
优选地，电能控制系统32为现有技术，如T/CNESA 1002-2019电化学储能系统用电池管理系统技术规范(电化学储能系统)；
张志，邵尹池，伦涛，等.电化学储能系统参与调峰调频政策综述与补偿机制探究[J].电力工程技术,2020,39(5):71-77，84。
优选地，电池管理系统33为现有技术，如T/CNESA 1002-2019电化学储能系统用电池管理系统技术规范。
优选地，海水冷却系统8为现有技术，如中国专利公开号为CN104298272A公开的一种新型混凝土智能温控系统及方法；中国专利公开号为CN208870037U公开的一种大体积混凝土水冷却循环装置；中国专利公开号为CN204662991U公开的一种大 体积混凝土水冷管道系统。
优选的方案中，所述浮式支撑平台1还包括与底座连接的张紧调节机构13，张紧调节机构13与系泊缆线5连接。使用时，在海洋海况发生变化时，通过张紧调节机构13调节系泊缆线5与重力式锚固结构2之间的张紧度，提高浮式支撑平台1的稳定性，使其适应不同海况下的海洋环境。
优选地，张紧调节机构13为轮式张紧或链式张紧机构。
优选的方案中，所述重力式锚固结构2为预制块体，其中心设置储能空间，电化学储能装置3位于储能空间内。使用时，电化学储能装置3位于重力式锚固结构2的储能空间内部，节省空间，避免其受到海洋环境的侵蚀，提高使用寿命。
优选地，重力式锚固结构2采用混凝土材料或钢材预制模块结构，便于批量建造和组装，节省成本。
优选地，重力式锚固结构2还与吸力筒或锚桩联合使用，提供浮式支撑平台1的系泊力，用于定点固定于某一海域，进一步提高浮式支撑平台1的稳定性，保障重力式锚固结构2内的电化学储能装置3稳定运行。
优选的方案中，所述重力式锚固结构2的储能空间周围设置海水冷却系统8。结构简单，设置于储能空间周围的海水冷却系统8用于吸收电化学储能装置3散发的部分热量并将其传递至海水中，使电化学储能装置3在设定环境温度下工作，提高其运行时的稳定性。
优选的方案中，所述电化学储能装置3包括核心储能元件31、电能控制系统32和电池管理系统33，电能控制系统32和电池管理系统33与核心储能元件31、电缆6、海缆7连接。使用时，通过电能控制系统32控制核心储能元件31的充电和放电，并及时对风力发电机4输出功率进行预测，电池管理系统33用于管理核心储能元件31。风力发电机4和电化学储能装置3的运行状态通过海缆7实时传递至集控中心，集控中心通过海缆7中的光纤，调控风力发电机4和电化学储能装置3的运行模式。
优选地，电化学储能装置3根据风力发电机4的实时功率和短时功率预测值调整储能、放能策略。
优选地，当风力发电机4发电量高于电网侧需求时，风力发电机4的输出功率较大，电化学储能装置3将部分电能储存起来，当风力发电机4发电量低于电网侧需求时，风力发电机4的输出功率较小，电化学储能装置3将部分电能释放出来，即根据 浮式支撑平台1上部风力发电机的功率输出特性，实现风力发电机输出功率的实时性、周期性调节，保证输入至电网的电能具有较小的波动性，提升电能质量，提高电网对海上风电的消纳能力。
优选地，电化学储能装置3根据风力发电机的实时输出功率和短时间的功率预测值调整储能、放能策略为现有技术，如张志，邵尹池，伦涛，等.电化学储能系统参与调峰调频政策综述与补偿机制探究[J].电力工程技术,2020,39(5):71-77，84公开的内容。
优选地，电化学储能装置3采用模块化设计和建造，提高通用性和降低成本。
优选地，电化学储能装置3采用模块化设计和建造，有利于电化学储能装置3的替换和维修，当部分箱体内部的电化学储能装置3发生故障时，其他的箱体内部的电化学储能装置3仍正常工作。
优选的方案中，所述核心储能元件31为三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、固态锂电池中一个或多种组合体。
优选的方案中，所述风力发电机4的数量为一个或多个。使用时，根据不同海况，单个浮式支撑平台1上安装一个或多个风力发电机4，提高风能的利用率。
优选地，风力发电机5为一个时，支撑结构14采用单柱结构。
优选地，风力发电机5为二个时，支撑结构14采用“V”型结构。
如上所述的集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，安装使用时，在浮式支撑平台1下部用系泊缆线5连接重力式锚固结构2，风力发电机4位于浮式支撑平台1上部与其连接，电化学储能装置3位于重力式锚固结构2内部，电化学储能装置3与风力发电机4之间由电缆6连接，海缆7与电化学储能装置3连接引出重力式锚固结构2外与电网连接，电化学储能装置3根据风力发电机功率输出特性实时调节或周期性调节风力发电机4输出功率，稳定性好，适应性好，有效降低或消除现有海上风电功率波动过大对电网的冲击。
使用时，风力发电机4产生的电能通过电缆6输送至电化学储能装置3，电化学储能装置3根据风力发电机4的输出功率启动充电、放电、不充不放策略，将电能通过海缆8传输至电网，并将风力发电机4运行状态数据和电化学储能装置3运行状态数据海缆8传输至海上风电场集控中心。
使用时，当风力发电机4发电量高于电网侧需求时，风力发电机4的输出功率较 大，电化学储能装置3将部分电能储存起来，当风力发电机4发电量低于电网侧需求时，风力发电机4的输出功率较小，电化学储能装置3将部分电能释放出来。
使用时，浮式支撑平台1支撑风力发电机4，与底座连接的浮筒11浮于海水中承载上部设备和自身的重量以及外部风浪流荷载，保证其稳性。
使用时，在海洋海况发生变化时，还可通过张紧调节机构调节系泊缆线5与重力式锚固结构2之间的张紧度，提高浮式支撑平台1的稳性，使其适应不同海况下的海洋环境。
使用时，电化学储能装置3位于重力式锚固结构2的储能空间内部，充分利用重力式锚固结构2的结构特点，节省空间，避免其受到海洋环境的侵蚀，提高使用寿命。
使用时，设置于储能空间周围的海水冷却系统8用于吸收电化学储能装置3运行时散发的部分热量并将其传递至海水中，使电化学储能装置3在设定环境温度下工作，提高其运行时的稳定性。
使用时，通过电能控制系统32控制核心储能元件31的充电和放电，并及时对风力发电机4输出功率进行预测，电池管理系统33用于管理核心储能元件31。
使用时，核心储能元件31为三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、固态锂电池中一个或多种组合体。
使用时，核心储能元件31还包括采用铅酸(碳)电池、锌银电池、海水电池，以及铅酸(碳)电池、锌银电池、海水电池与锂电池的组合体。
使用时，根据不同海况，单个浮式支撑平台1上安装一个或多个风力发电机4，提高风能的利用率。
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征在不冲突的情况下，可以相互任意组合。本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，其特征是：它包括浮式支撑平台(1)、重力式锚固结构(2)和电化学储能装置(3)；所述电化学储能装置(3)位于重力式锚固结构(2)内；所述重力式锚固结构(2)位于浮式支撑平台(1)下部与其连接；
    所述电化学储能装置(3)包括核心储能元件(31)、电能控制系统(32)和电池管理系统(33)，电能控制系统(32)、电池管理系统(33)与核心储能元件(31)连接；
    所述核心储能元件(31)为三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、固态锂电池中的一种或多种组合体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，其特征是：所述浮式支撑平台(1)包括底座连接的浮筒(11)、支撑杆(12)、张紧调节机构(13)和支撑结构(14)，风力发电机(4)与支撑结构(14)连接，所述重力式锚固结构(2)与浮式支撑平台(1)之间通过张紧调节机构(13)和系泊缆线(5)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，其特征是：所述重力式锚固结构(2)采用混凝土、钢筋混凝土、堆石混凝土制作而成，其内部为中空结构，所述重力式锚固结构(2)的储能空间周围环绕设置海水冷却系统(8)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，其特征是：所述电化学储能装置(3)与风力发电机(4)之间由电缆(6)连接，海缆(7)与电化学储能装置(3)连接引出重力式锚固结构(2)外。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的集成电化学储能装置的海上风电浮式基础，其特征是：所述电化学储能装置(3)根据风力发电机的实时输出功率和短时间的功率预测值调整储能、放能策略。
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