WO2022158774A1

WO2022158774A1 - System for evaluating residual value of battery module after use, and method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2022158774A1
Application number: PCT/KR2022/000382
Authority: WO
Inventors: 구회진; 김유탁; 권오준; 유어현; 정수안; 차동민; 이상아; 유재승
Original assignee: 한국전지연구조합
Priority date: 2021-01-21
Filing date: 2022-01-10
Publication date: 2022-07-28
Also published as: KR102367195B9; KR102367195B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technology for reuse and repurposing of a battery used for an electric vehicle or an energy storage device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and a method for evaluating residual value of each repurposable item to which a battery after use can be applied such that the battery after use can be reused and repurposed as a product having high performance value and economic feasibility in the recycling of a battery used for an electric vehicle or an energy storage device. To this end, the present invention provides criteria for determination such that the battery after use can be reused and repurposed as a product having high performance value and economic feasibility by: estimating the state of health (SOH) of a battery module after use that is disassembled into module units; on the basis of the estimated SOH, predicting life expectancy according to the charging and discharging performance for each repurposable item to which the battery after use can be applied; and then evaluating the residual value by applying economic value to each applicable item.

Description

Battery module residual value evaluation system after use and method therefor

The present invention relates to a technology for recycling and remanufacturing a battery used as an electric vehicle or an energy storage device, and more particularly, it is used as a product with high performance value and economical efficiency in the recycling of a battery used as an electric vehicle or an energy storage device. It relates to a system and method for evaluating the residual value of each item subject to conversion to which the used battery can be applied so that the used battery can be reused and remanufactured.

In general, a secondary battery refers to a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and is converted between chemical energy and electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction in which an internal active material is oxidized and reduced by charging and discharging. use the phenomenon. An electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle uses electric energy of such a secondary battery as a power source in an electric driving mode.

A secondary battery may lose its function as a secondary battery due to abnormal use such as overdischarge or overcharge, but the ability to store electrical energy even when used normally decreases gradually according to the number of charging and discharging. In the case of electric vehicles, when the battery is reduced to less than 80% of its initial capacity, it is replaced with operational problems such as reduced mileage, reduced charging speed, and increased safety risk.

These replacement batteries have 80% capacity, so they can be reused as an electric vehicle battery again depending on the remaining lifespan or battery health status, or for purposes other than electric vehicle batteries through repurposing. can be used as As described in Korean Patent No. 2043714, it can be used as a battery for golf cars or carts through remanufacturing by disassembling and recombining the batteries replaced (removed) from electric vehicles, or ESS (energy storage system) for home and industrial use. and renewable energy-linked ESS.

However, there is a problem in that when the battery is reused or remanufactured without accurately grasping the performance of the battery after use, a sudden death phenomenon occurs in which the reusable/remanufactured battery abruptly ends its lifespan. Accordingly, it is necessary not only to accurately analyze the health status and remaining capacity of the battery after use at the point of reuse and remanufacturing, but also to fully evaluate the value and economic feasibility of the battery after use when used for purposes other than batteries for electric vehicles or energy storage devices. It is necessary to accurately evaluate the residual value of the battery after use in accordance with the purpose of the change of use so that it can be secured.

However, there is no method to evaluate the residual value of a battery after use, and when the battery is removed after use, it only informs whether the battery can be reused or remanufactured through a temporary diagnostic test. It is not possible to predict the life expectancy and economic value of each item subject to conversion, so it is urgent to develop related technologies.

The present invention is to solve the problems according to the prior art described above. That is, an object of the present invention is to estimate the state of health (SOH) of a battery module after disassembly in module units and charge for each item subject to change of use to which the battery can be applied after use based on the estimated remaining life. After estimating the life expectancy according to the discharge performance, by evaluating the residual value by applying the economic value to each applicable item, it provides a judgment criterion so that the battery can be reused and remanufactured as an item with high performance value and economic efficiency after use. An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use.

As a technical idea for achieving the above object, the after-use battery module residual value evaluation system of the present invention includes: a battery module after use, which is disassembled into a module unit; BMS; a residual value evaluation device connected to the battery module after use through the BMS to evaluate the residual value of the battery module after use; and a system; and the residual value evaluation device performs charging and discharging of the battery module after use according to a charge/discharge rate set in advance for each item to be used for conversion to which the used battery module can be reused and remanufactured. Thus, it is characterized in that the life expectancy of each item is calculated respectively.

The charge/discharge rate preset for each item subject to the change of use is 2 C-Rate when the battery module is applicable to at least one of frequency control ESS, wind power ESS, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) after use, and electric cart battery, electricity 1 C-Rate if at least one of two-wheeled vehicle battery, ESS for emergency generator, and ESS for peak reduction is applicable, 1/3 C-Rat if applicable to solar ESS or electric vehicle battery, ESS for home use or electric wheelchair It is characterized in that it is 0.2 C-Rate when applicable as a power bank, e-bike battery, solar street lamp, and 0.1 C-Rate when applicable to at least one of electronic products.

The residual value evaluation device repeatedly performs the operation of fully charging and completely discharging the battery module after use to estimate the remaining life for each preset number of cycles up to a preset battery capacity reduction rate point, and change the estimated residual life Based on the degree, the change in the remaining life for the total capacity of the battery is predicted, and the life expectancy of the battery module after use is estimated.

In the present invention, 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced, is set as the reference point, and after use, the battery module is fully charged and fully charged until the remaining life of the battery module becomes the reference point (80% of the capacity reduction rate). Repeat the discharging operation, but estimate the remaining life in units of 100 cycles, and estimate the remaining life after 80% of the capacity reduction rate based on the slope of the curve connecting the residual life values estimated according to the number of cycles.

In addition, in the present invention, the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the time when electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the battery replacement time for products applied for reuse/remanufacturing, is expected. calculated by lifespan.

In addition, the residual value evaluation apparatus calculates the residual value of each item of the battery module after use by applying a preset economic value standard for each item to the calculated life expectancy.

The system and method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use according to the present invention, the residual value reflecting the performance value and economic value for each item subject to change of use to which batteries used in electric vehicles or energy storage devices can be reused and remanufactured according to the present invention By evaluating it, it can be used as a re-use/remanufacturing judgment index to recycle the battery after use in a field with high performance value and economic benefit.

1 is an internal configuration diagram of a battery module residual value evaluation system after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a graph for explaining the prediction of the battery module life expectancy after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a graph for explaining life expectancy prediction for each battery module item after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a flowchart for explaining a method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Since the present invention can have various changes and can have various forms, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text.

However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific disclosed form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. Terms such as first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification is present, but one or more other features or It should be understood that the existence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not precluded in advance.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the battery module residual value evaluation system after use according to the present invention is configured including the battery module 100, BMS 200, residual value evaluation device 300 and system 400 after use do.

A battery means a secondary battery capable of being charged and discharged by a chemical action using an electrolyte, a positive plate and a negative plate, and the battery module means a module including at least one such battery unit cell (battery cell).

The battery module may be configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series or parallel to each other, or may be configured with only a single battery cell. It is obvious that the number of battery cells included in the battery module may be variously changed according to voltage and capacity required for the battery module. The type of the battery is not particularly limited, and may include a rechargeable lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, and a secondary battery such as a nickel zinc battery.

The battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a discarded waste battery or a battery with degraded performance, and may be a large-capacity battery used in an electric vehicle or an energy storage device, and the battery module after use is a battery decomposed into module units in a battery pack means

The battery management system (BMS) 200 is electrically connected to the after-use battery module 100 and the residual value evaluation device 300 to control charging and discharging operations of the battery module 100 after use. For example, the BMS 200 may be interconnected with the battery module 100 and the residual value evaluation device 300 after use through a controller area network (CAN). The BMS 200 may perform an overcharge protection function, an overdischarge protection function, an overcurrent protection function, an overvoltage protection function, an overheat protection function, a cell balancing function, etc. as necessary to protect the battery.

The residual value evaluation device 300 estimates the remaining life (SOH) for the battery module 100 after use connected through the BMS 200, and based on the estimated residual life, the use conversion target to which the battery can be applied After predicting the life expectancy according to the charging and discharging performance for each item, the residual value by applying economic values to the life expectancy of each applicable item is evaluated. To this end, the residual value evaluation apparatus 300 is configured to include a charging/discharging unit 310 , a memory 320 , a user interface unit (HMI) 330 , and a control unit 340 .

The charging/discharging unit 310 performs charging/discharging of the battery module after use according to the voltage and current required by the control unit 340 . After receiving power from the system, the charging/discharging unit 310 converts it to the voltage and current required by the control unit 340, and charges or discharges the battery according to the control command of the control unit 340, thereby charging the battery to a fully charged state, It can be made into a fully discharged state or a partially charged state. To this end, the charging/discharging unit 310 includes a charging unit (not shown) that performs a charging operation on the battery module after use, a discharging unit (not shown) that performs a discharging operation on the battery module after use, and use through charging and discharging. Then, it may be configured to include a sensor unit (not shown) for measuring voltage, current, temperature, and the like of the battery module.

That is, when a charge command of the battery module after use is input from the control unit 340 , the charging unit converts the power supplied from the system 400 into a form required by the control unit 340 , and then supplies it to the battery module after use. Charge the battery module. Conversely, the discharge unit converts the power supplied from the battery module after use into a form required by the control unit 340 and outputs it to the system 400 .

The sensor unit measures the voltage and current of the battery module 100 after use, converts them into digital signals, and transmits them to the control unit 340 . The sensor unit may be configured to additionally measure the temperature of the battery according to its implementation. To this end, the sensor unit may include a current sensor for measuring the charging and discharging current supplied to the battery module, a voltage sensor for measuring the charging and discharging voltage of the battery module, and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery module. Here, the charge voltage and the discharge voltage of the battery module after use may be an open circuit voltage of the battery module after use.

The user interface unit 330 is an input/output means for interacting with the user, and receives a command for performing residual value evaluation of the battery module after use from the user, and the battery module after use calculated from the control unit 340 . Outputs the remaining life of the battery, information on the items subject to conversion to which the battery can be applied after use, and the expected life expectancy and residual value results for each item.

In addition, the user interface unit 330 receives the unique identification information for the battery module 100 after use connected to the residual value evaluation device and transmits it to the control unit 340 , so that the control unit 340 receives the unique identification information from the memory 320 . The information on the battery module after use corresponding to the identification information is read, or the remaining life of the battery module after use calculated from the control unit, information on the items subject to conversion to which the battery can be applied after use, and the life expectancy and residual value results for each item are used After matching with the unique identification information of the battery module, it supports to be stored in the memory. To this end, the user interface unit 330 may additionally include a reader for recognizing barcodes, RF-ID codes, QR codes, etc. that are separately attached to the battery module after use.

The memory 320 is a storage medium capable of writing and erasing data electrically, magnetically, optically, or quantum-mechanically, and may be a RAM, ROM, or register as a non-limiting example. Preferably, the memory 320 stores and/or updates and/or data generated when a program including various control logic executed by the control unit 340 and predefined parameters and/or control logic is executed. can be erased The memory 320 can be logically divided into two or more, and is not limited to being included in the controller 340 .

In the memory 320, unique information about the battery module 100 after use is matched with the unique identification information of the battery module after use and stored. Unique identification information is a unique code created and registered for each battery module after use in the process of disassembling the battery pack for electric vehicles or energy storage devices into module units. Product specifications, manufacturing information, electrical property information, electrochemical property information, usage conditions, environmental information, etc. may be included.

In addition, the memory 320 stores information on items subject to change of use applicable to each model of the battery module after use, and a C-Rate for each item so that the life expectancy and residual value can be calculated for each item subject to application. The set value and the battery price for economic value judgment are stored. In this case, the battery price for determining the economic value may be the battery unit price according to the number of cycles.

According to the present invention, the applicable use conversion target item for each model of the battery module after use is a device that uses a secondary battery as a power source and refers to a device to which the battery module can be applied after use, for example, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). ), a battery that supplies electricity to electronic products (stationary battery), a home or industrial energy storage device, or an energy storage device for renewable energy.

However, used battery modules for electric vehicles or energy storage devices have different sizes and shapes for each manufacturer and model, and there may be items subject to conversion that are impossible because the battery module is reused or remanufactured after use. . For example, model A of the battery module for electric vehicles may have a problem that the size or shape is not suitable for use as an uninterruptible power supply device. Inappropriate problems may arise.

Accordingly, in the present invention, information on items applicable for conversion of use for each model of battery module after use is stored in memory in advance, so that life expectancy estimation and residual value evaluation can be performed only for items to which the battery module is applicable after use. can

The control unit 340 estimates the remaining life (SOH) while charging and discharging the battery module after use through the charging/discharging unit 310 . Residual life (SOH) is a parameter that quantitatively represents a change in capacity that occurs as a battery is used, and may be expressed as a percentage of a full charge capacity to an actual capacity. The full charge capacity represents the maximum amount of charge that the battery can actually accommodate, and is distinguished from the design capacity of a fixed value in that it gradually decreases as the number of times of charging and discharging of the battery increases.

There are many different methods for estimating the remaining life (SOH). For example, there are a method of estimating the remaining life using the internal resistance and temperature of the battery, a method of estimating the remaining life through a full charge/discharge test, and the like. In the present invention, after use, the battery module is completely discharged from a fully charged state to a fully discharged state, or the remaining capacity is calculated while fully charged from the fully discharged state, and the calculated remaining capacity is compared with the standard charging capacity of the battery module after use. The remaining life of the battery module was estimated. However, the method for estimating the remaining life of the battery after use is not limited thereto, and may be estimated through various methods.

Here, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery module after use is a ratio of the charge capacity to the total capacity of the battery, and may be calculated based on the charge current input to the battery after use and the discharge current output from the battery. . In the embodiment of the present invention, a method for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery has been described using a current integration method for integrating the charging current and the discharging current. However, the method for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery is not limited thereto, either can be

Products to which batteries are reused or remanufactured after use have different power supply capabilities for each product, and accordingly each product has a different charge/discharge rate (C-Rate). Therefore, even for the same battery, the remaining life of a battery varies depending on the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) of the product to be reused and remanufactured.

In the present invention, in order to calculate the expected lifespan and residual value of the battery for each item of the product to which the battery is applied after use, the C-Rate (C-Rate), which is the charge/discharge rate for each item subject to change of use for reuse/remanufacturing of the battery module after use ) is set and stored in the memory, and the control unit performs charging and discharging of the battery module after use according to the charge/discharge rate corresponding to the item to which the battery module can be applied after use, so that the battery module can be applied after use by each item. to estimate the remaining life.

For example, if at least one of ESS for frequency control, ESS for wind power, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is applicable to the battery module after use as shown in [Table 1] below, the control unit is 2 C- Estimate the remaining life by performing charge/discharge by setting the charge/discharge rate as the rate. In addition, if at least one battery module is applicable after use as an electric cart battery, electric two-wheeled vehicle battery, emergency generator ESS, or peak reduction ESS, charging/discharging is performed by setting the charge/discharge rate to 1 C-Rate, and the solar ESS and 1/3 C-Rate if applicable to batteries for electric vehicles, 0.2 C-Rate if applicable to home ESS and electric wheelchairs, 0.1 if applicable to at least one of power bank, e-bike battery, solar street light, and electronic products Charge/discharge with C-Rate.

C-RateC-Rate		적용분야Applications
2C2C	주파수 조절용 ESS, 풍력용 ESS, 무정전 전원 장치ESS for frequency control, ESS for wind power, uninterruptible power supply
1C1C	전동카트용 배터리, 전기이륜차용 배터리, 비상발전기용 ESS, 피크저감용 ESSBattery for electric cart, battery for electric two-wheeled vehicle, ESS for emergency generator, ESS for peak reduction
1/3C1/3C	태양광용 ESS, 전기차용 배터리ESS for solar power, battery for electric vehicle
0.2C0.2C	가정용 ESS, 전동휠체어용 배터리Home ESS, battery for electric wheelchair
0.1C0.1C	파워뱅크, 전기자전기용 배터리, 태양광 가로등 배터리, 전자제품 배터리Power bank, battery for electricity and electricity, solar street light battery, electronic product battery

In the present invention, the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) is a word for predicting or indicating the setting of the current value under various usage conditions and the possible use time of the secondary battery during charging and discharging of the secondary battery, which is expressed in the following [Equation 1] ] can be expressed as

[Equation 1]

C-Rate(A)=Charging/discharging current(A)/2Rated capacity of secondary battery

For example, if the full charge capacity (rated capacity) of the battery module is 1000 mAh (Apere-hour), if the charging current is 100 mA, the charge/discharge rate is 0.1C. If the charging current is 1000 mA, the charge/discharge rate is 1C, and the charging current is If it is 2000mA, the charge/discharge rate is 2C.

The control unit 340 repeats the operation of fully charging and fully discharging the battery module after use through the charging/discharging unit 310, and the remaining life (SOH) for each preset cycle (Cycle, number) unit up to the preset battery capacity reduction rate point. ) is estimated. In addition, the controller estimates the life expectancy of the battery module after use by predicting the change in the remaining life with respect to the total capacity of the battery based on the estimated degree of change in the remaining life.

At this time, the cycle means one cycle of fully charging and completely discharging the module of the battery after use (or the operation of fully discharging and fully charging the battery module), and the life expectancy is how much longer the battery module will last. As an indicator indicating whether it can be used, it indicates how many times the battery module can be fully charged and fully discharged according to the capacity of the battery module after use.

In an embodiment of the present invention, 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced, is set as the reference point, and the remaining life of the battery module after use becomes the reference point (80% of the capacity reduction rate). The operation of charging and completely discharging is repeatedly performed, but the remaining life is estimated in units of 100 cycles, and the remaining life of the entire battery after 80% of the capacity reduction rate based on the change (slope of the curve) estimated according to the number of cycles. Estimate the lifespan Through this, it is possible to infer the total lifespan without measuring the cycle life by charging and discharging the entire capacity of the battery after use.

In addition, the control unit calculates the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the time when electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the time of battery replacement for products applied for reuse/remanufacturing, the life expectancy. is calculated as

2 is a graph for explaining the prediction of life expectancy of a battery module after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the operation of fully charging and fully discharging the battery module after use at 1/3 C-Rate, which is the standard charge/discharge rate for reuse and remanufacturing, is repeatedly performed, and the battery is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced. The remaining life was estimated in units of 100 cycles up to the point where the capacity reduction rate was 80%.

Next, based on the slope of the curve connecting the estimated remaining life values up to the point at which the battery capacity reduction rate becomes 80%, the remaining life after 80% of the capacity reduction rate is estimated. The estimated remaining life of the entire battery can be predicted by applying a linear equation, etc. to the slope of the curve connecting the estimated remaining life values up to 100 to 80% of the capacity reduction.

After that, the life expectancy is calculated as the number of cycles from the point at which 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, the point at which the battery is replaced for products applied for reuse and remanufacturing. .

That is, referring to FIG. 2, if it is assumed that 3800 cycles are used at 80% of the capacity reduction rate at the end of the battery life of the electric vehicle after use, the battery module is 70% of the capacity reduction rate at the end of the battery life applied by reuse and remanufacturing. Since the number of cycles is 7000 Cycles, it can be estimated that the life expectancy of the battery module will be 3200 Cycles in the future when the battery module is reused and remanufactured after use.

In addition, the control unit predicts the life expectancy for each item by performing charging and discharging by setting different charging/discharging rates for each item subject to change of use for reuse/remanufacturing of the battery module after use.

3 is a graph for explaining the prediction of the life expectancy of each item subject to change of use of the battery module after use according to an embodiment of the present invention. Charging and discharging were repeatedly performed by setting each differently to C.

As shown in the graph, even for the same battery, the remaining lifespan of the battery is different depending on the C-Rate, which is the charge/discharge rate, and accordingly, the life expectancy is also calculated differently.

Using this point, in the present invention, charging/discharging is performed by setting different charging/discharging rates for each item subject to change of use for reuse/remanufacturing of the battery module after use, and charging and discharging are performed respectively, and the battery, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced After estimating the remaining life in units of 100 cycles up to the point where the capacity reduction rate becomes 80%, the remaining life of the entire battery after the capacity reduction rate of 80% is estimated based on the change in the estimated remaining life. The estimated remaining life of the entire battery can be predicted by applying a linear equation to the slope of the curve connecting the estimated remaining life values up to a capacity reduction rate of 100 to 80%.

Thereafter, the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the time when electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the time of battery replacement for products applied for reuse/remanufacturing, was calculated as the life expectancy by charge/discharge rate. are calculated respectively.

That is, referring to FIG. 3, if it is assumed that 4000 cycles are used at 80% of the battery life of the electric vehicle after use, the battery module is reused as an uninterruptible power supply (2C-Rate). Since the number of cycles at 70% is 5000 Cycles, it can be estimated that the life expectancy of the battery module is 1000 Cycles in the future when it is reused as an uninterruptible power supply device of the battery module.

In addition, the controller may calculate the residual value of each item by applying the battery price pre-stored in the memory 320 to the calculated life expectancy for each item (by charge/discharge rate). For example, assuming that the expected lifespan of the battery module after use of A is 2000 cycles for UPS, 3000 cycles for home ESS, and 8000 cycles for IT equipment, the unit price of the battery for each cycle of UPS is 10 won, and household ESS If the battery unit price per cycle is 100 won and the battery unit price per cycle for IT devices is 0.5 won, the residual value of the battery module after using A is 20,000 won for UPS, 300,000 won for home ESS, and 4,000 won for IT devices. do.

The control unit 340 outputs the calculated residual life of the battery module after use, information on items subject to change of use to which the battery can be applied after use, expected lifespan for each item, and residual value results through the user interface unit 330 through the user interface unit 330, After use, the battery module can be provided as a standard for judging that the battery module can be reused and remanufactured as an item with high performance value and economic feasibility.

As described above, in the after-use battery module residual value evaluation system according to the present invention, when the user inputs the residual value evaluation command through the user interface after connecting the battery module after use to the residual value evaluation device, the control unit After use, the unique information about the battery module is read from the memory, and information on items subject to change of use applicable to each model of the battery module after use is derived, and the C-Rate, the charge/discharge rate, is set differently for each derived item. By setting and charging/discharging, the life expectancy of each applicable item for reuse and remanufacturing is predicted, and the residual value of each applicable item is calculated based on this.

Accordingly, the user can use the life expectancy and residual value calculation results as economic feasibility determination indicators to recycle the battery module after use in a field with high performance value and economic benefit.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the residual value evaluation device according to the present invention is connected to the battery disassembled in module unit through the BMS, and first, the battery module connected to the battery module connected to remove defects through the initial test has a charge/discharge rate of 3 C-Rate. to perform charging and/or discharging. At this time, the residual value evaluation device classifies the battery module after use as recycling when the numerical change of the voltage measured from the battery module after use is subtle or the change in charging or discharging capacity is not included within a preset range.

The battery applied to the present invention means a discarded battery or a battery with degraded performance, and is a large-capacity battery used in an electric vehicle or an energy storage device. In addition, in the process of disassembling the battery pack into module units, a unique code is generated and registered for each battery module after use, and after use, the unique information about the battery module is matched with the unique code that is the unique identification information of the battery module after use. . The unique information about the battery module after use may include a model name, product specification, manufacturing information, electrical characteristic information, electrochemical characteristic information, usage conditions, environmental information, etc. of the battery module after use.

Then, the residual value evaluation device calculates the remaining life (SOH) of the battery module after use by performing charge and discharge at 1/3 C-Rate, which is the standard charge/discharge rate for reuse/remanufacturing at room temperature, and through the calculated residual life Predict the life expectancy (S220). Methods for estimating the remaining life are very diverse, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the remaining life was estimated through a complete charge/discharge test.

That is, after use, the battery module is completely discharged from the fully charged state to the fully discharged state, or the remaining capacity is calculated while fully charged from the fully discharged state, and the calculated residual capacity is compared with the standard charging capacity of the battery module after use. Estimate the remaining life of the module.

In the present invention, the operation of fully charging and completely discharging the battery module after use is repeatedly performed to estimate the remaining life in a preset unit of a predetermined number of times, and based on the degree of change in the estimated remaining life, the total capacity of the battery module after use Estimate the remaining life for

In an embodiment of the present invention, 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced, is set as the reference point, and the remaining life of the battery module after use becomes the reference point (80% of the capacity reduction rate). The operation of charging and completely discharging is repeated, but the remaining life is estimated in units of 100 cycles, and the remaining life of the entire battery after 80% of the capacity reduction rate based on the change (slope of the curve) estimated according to the number of cycles. Estimate the lifespan The remaining life estimate for the entire battery can be predicted by applying a linear equation, etc. through the slope of a curve connecting the estimated remaining life values up to 100 to 80% of the capacity reduction rate. Through this, it is possible to infer the total lifespan without measuring the cycle life by charging and discharging the entire capacity of the battery after use.

In addition, the residual value evaluation device is the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the time when electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the time of battery replacement for products applied for reuse/remanufacturing. is calculated as the life expectancy.

For example, referring to FIG. 2 shown above, if it is assumed that 3800 cycles are used at 80% of the battery life of the electric vehicle after use, the battery module is 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the end point of the battery life applied by reuse and reprocessing. Since the number of cycles at the time is 7000 Cycles, it can be estimated that the life expectancy of the battery module is 3200 Cycles in the future when the battery module is reused after the corresponding use.

Next, the residual value evaluation device reads information on items subject to change of use applicable to the battery module after use from the memory, sets different charge/discharge rates for each item subject to change of use, performs charge/discharge (S230), and uses each item. Then, the expected lifespan of each battery module is estimated (S240).

That is, the residual value evaluation device performs charging and discharging by setting the charging/discharging rate of the battery module differently after use according to the preset charging/discharging rate (C-Rate) for each item subject to change of use, and the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced. After estimating the remaining life in units of 100 cycles up to the point where it becomes 80% of the capacity reduction rate of the battery, the remaining life of the entire battery after the capacity reduction rate of 80% is estimated based on the change in the estimated remaining life.

For example, if the battery module after use is applicable to at least one of frequency control ESS, wind power ESS, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) through reuse and remanufacturing, the control unit sets the charge/discharge rate at 2 C-Rate to charge Estimate the remaining life by performing discharge. In addition, after use, if at least one battery module is applicable as an electric cart battery, an electric two-wheeled vehicle battery, an ESS for an emergency generator, or an ESS for peak reduction, charging/discharging is performed by setting the charge/discharge rate to 1 C-Rate, and the solar ESS and 1/3 C-Rate if applicable to batteries for electric vehicles, 0.2 C-Rate if applicable to home ESS and electric wheelchairs, 0.1 if applicable to at least one of power bank, e-bike battery, solar street light, and electronic products Charge/discharge with C-Rate.

That is, referring to FIG. 3 shown above, when it is assumed that 4000Cycles are used at 80% of the battery life of the electric vehicle after use, the battery module is reused as an uninterruptible power supply (2C-Rate), the end point of the battery life. Since the number of cycles at the time of 70% of the phosphorus capacity reduction rate is 5000 Cycles, it can be estimated that the life expectancy in the case of reuse as an uninterruptible power supply of the battery module after use is 1000 Cycles in the future.

Next, the residual value evaluation apparatus calculates the residual value of each item by applying the battery price pre-stored in the memory to the estimated life expectancy of each item ( S250 ). For example, assuming that the expected lifespan of the battery module after use of A is 2000 cycles for UPS, 3000 cycles for home ESS, and 8000 cycles for IT equipment, the unit price of the battery for each cycle of UPS is 10 won, and household ESS If the battery unit price per cycle is 100 won and the battery unit price per cycle for IT devices is 0.5 won, the residual value of the battery module after using A is 20,000 won for UPS, 300,000 won for home ESS, and 4,000 won for IT devices. do.

As described above, in the present invention, by outputting the residual value of each item of the battery module after use through the user interface unit, the user can utilize the battery module after use as a criterion for reusing and remanufactured as an item with high performance value and economic feasibility. there will be

The present invention described above is not limited by the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and it is within the technical field to which the present invention pertains that various substitutions, modifications and changes are possible within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be obvious to those with ordinary knowledge.

The present invention can be widely used in a system for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use.

Claims

After-use battery modules disassembled into modules from the pack;

BMS; and,

A residual value evaluation device connected to the battery module after use through the BMS to evaluate the residual value of the battery module after use;

The residual value evaluation device,

Charging and discharging of the battery module after use is performed according to the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) preset for each application applicable to reuse and remanufacturing so that the battery module after use can be reused and remanufactured according to each performance. After use, characterized in that by calculating the life expectancy for each applicable use according to the battery module after use, it provides a determination criterion that can be reused and remanufactured for an optimal use according to the performance of the battery module after use Battery module residual value evaluation system.
The method of claim 1,

The charge/discharge rate set in advance for each use applicable to the reuse and remanufacturing is,

2 C-Rate if the battery module after use is applicable to at least one of ESS for frequency control, ESS for wind power, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS),

1 C-Rate if at least one of electric cart battery, electric two-wheeled vehicle battery, ESS for emergency generator, and ESS for peak reduction is applicable,

1/3 C-Rat if applicable as solar ESS or electric vehicle battery,

02 C-Rate if applicable to home ESS or electric wheelchair,

At least one of a power bank, an e-bike battery, a solar street light, and an electronic product, if applicable, the battery module residual value evaluation system after use, characterized in that it is 01 C-Rate.
The method of claim 1,

The residual value evaluation device,

After use, the operation of fully charging and fully discharging the battery module is repeatedly performed to estimate the remaining life for each preset cycle number unit up to the preset battery capacity reduction rate point, and based on the slope of the curve connecting the estimated remaining life values. to predict the remaining life of the entire battery capacity, and to calculate the expected life of the battery module after use.
4. The method of claim 3,

The residual value evaluation device,

The operation of fully charging and completely discharging until the remaining life of the battery module reaches the reference point (80% of the capacity reduction rate) after use by setting 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced, as the reference point. Repeatedly, estimating the remaining life in units of 100 cycles, and predicting the remaining life after 80% of the capacity reduction rate based on the slope of the curve connecting the estimated residual life values according to the number of cycles. After the battery module residual value evaluation system.
5. The method of claim 4,

The residual value evaluation device,

Calculating the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the battery replacement point for products applied for reuse/remanufacturing, is calculated as the life expectancy. Characterized by the battery module residual value evaluation system after use.
The method of claim 1,

The residual value evaluation device,

The residual value evaluation system for a battery module after use, characterized in that the residual value of each item of the battery module after use is calculated by applying a preset economic value standard for each item to the calculated life expectancy.
The method of claim 1,

The residual value evaluation device,

a charging/discharging unit for charging/discharging the battery module after use;

a memory in which information on the battery module after use and information for each item subject to conversion to which the battery module can be applied after use is stored;

a user interface unit that receives a residual value evaluation command for the battery module after use from a user, and provides a calculated life expectancy and residual value evaluation result of the battery module to the user; and,

Through the charging/discharging unit, the life expectancy is calculated by charging/discharging the battery module after use according to the preset charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) for each item subject to conversion to which the used battery module can be applied, and the economic value standard for each item The after-use battery module residual value evaluation system, characterized in that it comprises; a controller for evaluating the residual value of the battery module after use by applying.
8. The method of claim 7,

The charging and discharging unit,

A charging unit that performs a charging operation on the battery module after use,

A discharging unit for discharging the battery module after use, and

A battery module residual value evaluation system after use, characterized in that it comprises a sensor unit that measures the voltage, current, or temperature of the battery module after use through charging and discharging.
8. The method of claim 7,

The information about the battery module after use includes:

A post-usage battery module residual value evaluation system, characterized in that at least one of a model name, product specification, manufacturing information, electrical property information, electrochemical property information, usage conditions, or environmental information of the battery module after use is included.
8. The method of claim 7,

The information for each item subject to change of use to which the battery module can be applied after use includes:

Residue of a battery module after use, characterized in that it includes information on each item subject to change of use that can be applied according to the model name of the battery module after use, product information by item, charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) for each item, and battery price that is the economic value standard for each item Valuation system.
A method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use through a residual value assessment system consisting of a residual value assessment device connected through a battery module and BMS after use,

performing an initial inspection of the battery module after disassembly in module units;

As a result of the initial check, the battery module is charged and discharged according to the standard charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) after use in a normal state to estimate the remaining life (SOH), and calculating the life expectancy through the estimated remaining life. ; and,

In order for the battery module to be reused and remanufactured according to each performance after use, the remaining life (SOH) is reduced by charging and discharging according to the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) set in advance for each application applicable to reuse and remanufacturing. Estimating, calculating an expected lifespan through the estimated remaining lifespan, and providing a judgment criterion that can be reused and remanufactured for an optimal use according to the performance of the battery module after use; A method for evaluating the residual value of a module.
12. The method of claim 11,

In the step of providing a determination criterion that can be reused and remanufactured for optimal use according to the performance of the battery module after use,

By applying the economic value standard for each reuse/remanufacturing purpose stored in advance to the calculated life expectancy, further comprising the step of calculating a residual value evaluation for each reuse/remanufacturing purpose to which the battery module can be applied after use A method of evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use.
12. The method of claim 11,

In the step of performing the initial inspection of the battery module after disassembly in the module unit,

After use, the battery module is charged or discharged or fully charged/discharged at a charge/discharge rate of 3C-Rate to measure the voltage, and the numerical change of the measured voltage or the change in charging and discharging capacity is not included within the preset range , A method of evaluating the residual value of a used battery module, characterized in that the used battery module is classified as recycling.
12. The method of claim 11,

As a result of the initial inspection, in the step of estimating the remaining life (SOH) by performing charging and discharging according to the standard charge/discharge rate for the battery module after normal use, and calculating the life expectancy through the estimated remaining life,

A method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use, characterized in that charging and discharging the battery module after use at a charge/discharge rate of 1/3 C-Rate.
12. The method of claim 11,

In estimating the remaining life (SOH) and calculating the life expectancy through the estimated remaining life,

After use, the operation of fully charging and fully discharging the battery module is repeatedly performed to estimate the remaining life for each preset cycle number unit up to the preset battery capacity reduction rate point, and based on the slope of the curve connecting the estimated remaining life values. A method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use, characterized in that by predicting the change in the residual life of the total capacity of the battery, and calculating the expected life of the battery module after use.
16. The method of claim 15,

In estimating the remaining life (SOH) and calculating the life expectancy through the estimated remaining life,

The operation of fully charging and completely discharging until the remaining life of the battery module reaches the reference point (80% of the capacity reduction rate) after use by setting 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the point at which the electric vehicle or energy storage device is replaced, as the reference point. Repeatedly, estimating the remaining life in units of 100 cycles, and estimating the remaining life after 80% of the capacity reduction rate based on the slope of the curve connecting the estimated residual life values according to the number of cycles How to evaluate the residual value of a battery module after.
17. The method of claim 16,

In estimating the remaining life (SOH) and calculating the life expectancy through the estimated remaining life,

Calculating the number of cycles from 80% of the battery capacity reduction rate, which is the time when electric vehicles or energy storage devices are replaced, to 70% of the capacity reduction rate, which is the time of battery replacement for products applied for reuse and remanufacturing, is calculated as the life expectancy. A method of evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use, which is characterized.
12. The method of claim 11,

In performing charging and discharging according to a preset charge/discharge rate for each use applicable to reuse and remanufacturing so that the battery module after use can be reused and remanufactured according to each performance,

After use, if at least one of the ESS for frequency control, the ESS for wind power, and the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is applicable, the battery module performs charging and discharging by setting the charge/discharge rate to 2 C-Rate,

If at least one of an electric cart battery, an electric two-wheeled vehicle battery, an ESS for an emergency generator, and an ESS for peak reduction is applicable, the charge/discharge rate is set to 1 C-Rate to perform charging and discharging;

If applicable to solar ESS or electric vehicle battery, charge/discharge is performed by setting the charge/discharge rate to 1/3 C-Rate,

If applicable to home ESS or electric wheelchair, charge/discharge is performed by setting the charge/discharge rate to 02 C-Rate,

A method for evaluating the residual value of a battery module after use, characterized in that charging/discharging is performed by setting the charge/discharge rate to 01 C-Rate if at least one of a power bank, an electric bicycle battery, a solar street lamp, and an electronic product is applicable.