WO2022158439A1 - 燃料の製造方法、燃料の製造装置、プラント、燃焼設備及び燃料 - Google Patents
燃料の製造方法、燃料の製造装置、プラント、燃焼設備及び燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022158439A1 WO2022158439A1 PCT/JP2022/001530 JP2022001530W WO2022158439A1 WO 2022158439 A1 WO2022158439 A1 WO 2022158439A1 JP 2022001530 W JP2022001530 W JP 2022001530W WO 2022158439 A1 WO2022158439 A1 WO 2022158439A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- raw material
- less
- combustion
- cutting
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 240000003133 Elaeis guineensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel manufacturing method, a fuel manufacturing device, a plant, a combustion facility, and a fuel.
- Fuels such as PKS, wood chips, and wood pellets are produced from biomass raw materials such as sorghum and oil palm empty fruit bunches.
- the production of the above-mentioned fuel generally involves the following steps: finely pulverizing the raw material, washing the raw material, drying the raw material, and compressing the raw material into fuel in this order. More specifically, in the pulverization process, the raw material is made into fine powder, then in the washing process, the powder is washed with water, in the drying process, the powder raw material is dried, and then in the compression molding process, the powder raw material is reduced. Compressed to form a solid fuel (see Patent Document 1, for example). In the cleaning step, the chlorine component and alkaline component contained in the raw material, which cause corrosion and combustion inhibition of the boiler in which the fuel is used, are removed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a fuel production method and a fuel production apparatus capable of sufficiently removing chlorine components and alkali components in raw materials while reducing energy consumption. one of its purposes.
- a fuel production method includes a cutting step of cutting a biomass raw material, a washing step of washing the cut raw material with water, and a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less to which moisture from the water washing adheres. and a compression molding step of compressing the raw material of to mold the fuel.
- the compression molding step by compressing the raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less to which the moisture from water washing is attached to form the fuel, the energy consumption is reduced while the Chlorine components and alkali components can be sufficiently removed.
- the compression molding process may be performed at a pressure of 200 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less.
- the fuel may be compression molded so that the bulk specific gravity is 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- the water content of the fuel may be 10% or more and 50% or less of the raw material before cutting.
- the chlorine component of the fuel is 30% or less of the raw material before cutting
- the potassium component of the fuel is 50% or less of the raw material before cutting
- the sodium component of the fuel is 50% or less of the raw material before cutting. may be 80% or less.
- a fuel production apparatus includes a cutting device for cutting a biomass raw material, a washing device for washing the cut raw material with water, and a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less to which water is attached by water washing. and a compression molding device that compresses the raw material to mold the fuel.
- the fuel manufacturing apparatus includes a first conveying unit that conveys the raw material cut by the cutting device to the washing device, and a second conveying unit that conveys the raw material that has been washed with water by the washing device to the compression molding device. and may further comprise:
- the compression molding of the fuel in the compression molding device may be performed at a pressure of 200 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less.
- the fuel may be compression molded so that the bulk specific gravity is 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- the water content of the fuel may be 10% or more and 50% or less of the raw material before cutting.
- the chlorine component of the fuel is 30% or less of the raw material before cutting
- the potassium component of the fuel is 50% or less of the raw material before cutting
- the sodium component of the fuel is 50% or less of the raw material before cutting. may be 80% or less.
- a plant according to one aspect of the present invention includes the above-described fuel manufacturing device and combustion equipment for burning the fuel manufactured by the fuel manufacturing device.
- a combustion facility burns the fuel produced by the above fuel production apparatus.
- the fuel according to one aspect of the present invention is made of biomass raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- a combustion facility is made of biomass raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and burns fuel with a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- a method for adjusting a combustion facility is a fuel made of a biomass raw material having a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and having a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less. It includes a step of adjusting various parameters related to the combustion of
- the various parameters include fuel supply amount, combustion temperature, oxygen supply amount necessary for combustion, additive supply amount, and various parameters for treating exhaust gas and ash generated by combustion. , and at least any of
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the outline of the configuration of a fuel manufacturing device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing main steps of a method for producing fuel in the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the outline of the configuration of a fuel manufacturing apparatus according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing main steps of a method for producing fuel in a second embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration example of the fuel manufacturing apparatus
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration example of the fuel manufacturing apparatus
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration example of the fuel manufacturing apparatus
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration example of the fuel manufacturing apparatus
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a plant provided with fuel manufacturing equipment and combustion equipment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a fuel facility having adjustment units for various parameters
- 4 is a graph showing the results of verification of the rate of change in the chlorine component and alkaline component of the fuel produced by the fuel production method and production apparatus.
- 4 is a graph showing the ratio of fuel strength to target strength when performing a compression molding process at each compression pressure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 according to this embodiment.
- the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment performs, for example, a biomass raw material cutting process, a washing process, and a compression molding process in this order to manufacture a solid fuel.
- biomass raw material also simply referred to as "raw material”
- woody biomass raw materials including plants such as sorghum, napier grass, and oil palm empty fruit bunches, and waste such as garbage. Includes waste biomass raw materials.
- the material before cutting, cutting, and washing is called raw material, and the material after compression molding is called fuel.
- the fuel production device 1 includes a cutting device 10 that cuts the biomass raw material into a size larger than powder, a washing device 11 that cleans the cut raw material with water, and a water-washed raw material that has water attached to it and compresses it.
- a compression molding device 12 that molds the fuel by means of a first conveying unit 13 that conveys the raw material cut by the cutting device 10 to the cleaning device 11, and a raw material that has been washed by the cleaning device 11 and is conveyed to the compression molding device 12.
- a second transport section 14 is provided.
- the cutting device 10 roughly cuts the biomass raw material into a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the cutting device 10 may be, for example, a crusher having a single-stage cutter.
- the cutting device 10 includes a hopper 20 having a substantially cylindrical shape or a substantially rectangular shape whose center axis is directed in the vertical direction; It has a discharge section 22 provided to discharge the raw material, and a one-stage cutter 23 provided between the charging section 21 and the discharge section 22 to cut the raw material.
- the cutting device 10 can cut the biomass raw material input from the input section 21 of the hopper 20 into a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less by the single-stage cutter 23 and discharge it from the discharge section 22 .
- “upper” means above in the vertical direction
- “lower” means below in the vertical direction.
- the size of the raw material refers to the dimension of the longest portion of the raw material.
- the washing device 11 is for washing raw materials with water.
- the cleaning device 11 includes a cleaning tank 30 having an opening at the top, an agitator 31 for stirring the raw material in the cleaning tank 30, a water supply section and a drainage section (not shown) for the cleaning tank 30, and the like.
- the washing device 11 can wash the raw material put into the washing tank 30 in which water is stored with water while stirring the raw material with the stirrer 31 .
- the compression molding device 12 compresses the raw material, which is larger than the water-adhered powder, to form a solid fuel.
- a so-called briquet machine may be used.
- the compression molding apparatus 12 includes a housing 40 having a substantially cylindrical shape or a substantially square tube shape with a central axis directed in the vertical direction, an input unit 41 provided at the top of the housing 40, into which raw materials are fed, and a housing. 40, a pusher 42 for pushing the raw material; a compressor 43, provided at the bottom of the housing 40, for compressing the pushed raw material to form a solid fuel; and a heater for heating the formed fuel. 44, and a discharge portion 45 for discharging fuel.
- the input part 41 is openly configured so that raw materials larger in size than the powder can be input.
- the compressor 43 is configured to be able to adjust the pressure for compressing the raw material, and can compress the raw material in the range of 200 MPa to 350 MPa, for example. Further, the compressor 43 can form the raw material into a solid fuel with a size of 50 mm or less.
- the compression molding device 12 has a transport path 46 that transports the fuel compressed by the compressor 43 to the discharge section 45 .
- the transport path 46 gradually becomes higher as it approaches the discharge section 45 .
- the heater 44 is provided in the vicinity of the discharge section 45 on the transport path 46 . It is possible to prevent the waste water generated in the compressor 43 from flowing to the heater 44 and the discharge section 45 .
- the compression molding device 12 compresses and molds the raw material with the compressor 43 while pushing the raw material input from the input part 41 of the housing 40 with the pushing machine 42 , heats and dries it with the heater 44 , and then discharges it from the discharge part 45 .
- the discharge part 45 is connected to, for example, a fuel storage facility.
- the first transport unit 13 is, for example, a belt conveyor that transports the raw material cut by the cutting device 10 to the cleaning device 11 .
- the first conveying section 13 extends from the discharging section 22 of the cutting device 10 to above the cleaning tank 30 of the cleaning device 11 .
- the first conveying unit 13 can convey the material carried out from the discharge unit 22 of the cutting device 10 to above the cleaning tank 30 and drop it into the cleaning tank 30 .
- the second conveying unit 14 is, for example, a screw conveyor that conveys the raw material washed by the washing device 11 to the compression molding device 12 .
- the second conveying section 14 extends from the cleaning tank 30 of the cleaning device 11 to above the loading section 41 of the compression molding device 12 .
- the second conveying unit 14 can convey the raw material washed in the washing tank 30 of the washing device 11 to above the loading unit 41 of the compression molding device 12 and drop it into the housing 40 .
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the main steps of the fuel manufacturing method.
- biomass raw materials such as sorghum are cut (step S1).
- the biomass raw material is input from the input unit 21 of the cutting device 10 in an unprocessed state, and is roughly cut by a single-stage cutter 23 .
- the raw material is cut to a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the raw material cut by the cutting device 10 is discharged from the discharging section 22 and conveyed to the cleaning device 11 by the first conveying section 13 .
- the raw material is washed with water in the washing device 11 (step S2).
- the raw material is put into the washing tank 30 in which the water of the washing device 11 is stored, and is washed while being agitated by the agitator 31 .
- the raw material washed by the washing device 11 is conveyed to the compression molding device 12 by the second conveying unit 14 in a state where water is attached.
- a raw material having a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, to which water is attached is compression molded (step S3).
- the raw material is put into the injection part 41 of the compression molding device 12, pushed by the pushing machine 42, compressed by the compressor 43, and molded into a solid fuel.
- the raw material is compressed, for example, at a pressure in the range of 200 MPa to 350 MPa, more preferably in a range of 230 MPa to 300 MPa, to form a solid fuel with a size of 50 mm or less.
- the shape of the fuel is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, cylindrical, cuboid, or spherical.
- the fuel has a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- the water content of the fuel is 10% or more and 50% or less of the raw material before the cutting step S1.
- the chlorine component of the fuel is 30% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1
- the potassium component of the fuel is 50% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1
- the sodium component of the fuel is 30% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1. 80% or less of the raw material.
- the fuel is heated by the heater 44, discharged from the discharge part 45, and transported to the fuel storage facility.
- the production of fuel includes the cutting step S1 of cutting the biomass raw material, the washing step S2 of washing the cut raw material with water, and the and a compression molding step S3 for compressing the raw material and molding the fuel, there is no pulverization step or drying step like the conventional one, and the overall energy consumption in the fuel production process can be reduced. can be obtained, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the compression molding step S3 by compressing the raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, which is larger than conventional powder, to which water is attached, the chlorine component and the alkaline component are sufficiently removed from the raw material along with the water. be able to.
- the pulverization process consumes energy. Further, if the raw material is pulverized to less than 10 mm, the raw material may not sink appropriately during washing, or it may be difficult to collect the stirred material, and it is not preferable because dust countermeasures are required at the cutting outlet and at the time of transportation. If the raw material is cut to 50 mm or more, the final piece of fuel becomes large and may not be used as fuel.
- the compression molding step S3 is performed at a pressure of 200 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less, it is possible to obtain an appropriate fuel strength.
- the fuel is compression molded so that the bulk specific gravity is 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less, the transportation amount per unit volume is increased, and the transportation cost including import from overseas and export to overseas is reduced. be able to.
- the fuel Since the water content of the fuel is 10% or more and 50% or less of the raw material before cutting, the fuel has a high lower calorific value per unit weight, and the calorific value during use of the fuel can be increased. As a result, fuel consumption in the boiler can be reduced. Also, since the density of the fuel is increased, transportation costs can be reduced.
- the chlorine component of the fuel is 30% or less of the raw material before cutting
- the potassium component which is one of the alkaline components of the fuel, is 50% or less of the raw material before cutting, one of the alkaline components of the fuel. is 80% or less of the raw material before cutting.
- a fuel that is made of a biomass raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less is manufactured. Therefore, it is possible to realize a fuel that is suitable for transportation. can be done.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment.
- the configuration of the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, and common configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the fuel manufacturing device 1 continuously performs, for example, a biomass raw material cutting process, a washing process, a cutting process, and a compression molding process in this order to manufacture solid fuel.
- the fuel manufacturing device 1 includes a cutting device 60 provided between the cleaning device 11 and the compression molding device 12, and a cleaning device.
- a second conveying section 61 conveys the raw material washed by the device 11 to the cutting device 60 and a third conveying section 62 conveys the raw material cut by the cutting device 60 to the compression molding device 12 .
- the cutting device 60 has the same configuration as the cutting device 10 described above. That is, the cutting device 60 roughly cuts the water-washed raw material to a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the cutting device 60 may be, for example, a crusher having a single-stage cutter.
- the cutting device 60 includes a hopper 70 having a substantially cylindrical shape or a substantially rectangular shape whose center axis is directed vertically, an input part 71 provided at the upper part of the hopper 70 and into which raw materials are input, and a lower part of the hopper 70. It has a discharge section 72 for discharging the raw material, and a one-stage cutter 73 provided between the charging section 71 and the discharging section 72 for cutting the raw material.
- the cutting device 60 can cut the raw material input from the input section 71 of the hopper 70 into a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less with a single-stage cutter 73 and can discharge it from the discharge section 72 .
- the raw material is cut to a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less by the cutting device 60, and is cut to a larger size by the cutting device 10.
- the second transport unit 61 is, for example, a screw conveyor that transports the raw material washed by the washing device 11 to the cutting device 60 .
- the second conveying section 61 extends from the cleaning tank 30 of the cleaning device 11 to above the input section 71 of the cutting device 60 .
- the second conveying unit 61 can convey the raw material washed in the washing tank 30 of the washing device 11 to above the loading unit 71 of the cutting device 60 and drop it into the hopper 70 .
- the third conveying unit 62 is, for example, a belt conveyer that conveys the raw material cut by the cutting device 60 to the compression molding device 12 .
- the third conveying section 62 extends from the discharge section 72 of the cutting device 60 to above the input section 41 of the compression molding device 12 .
- the third conveying unit 62 can convey the raw material carried out from the discharge unit 72 of the cutting device 60 to above the input unit 41 of the compression molding device 12 and drop it into the housing 40 .
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the main steps of the fuel production method.
- biomass raw materials such as sorghum are cut (step S1).
- the biomass raw material is input from the input unit 21 of the cutting device 10 in an unprocessed state, and is roughly cut by a single-stage cutter 23 .
- the raw material is cut into a size of, for example, 50 mm or more and 500 mm or less.
- the raw material cut by the cutting device 10 is discharged from the discharging section 22 and conveyed to the cleaning device 11 by the first conveying section 13 .
- the raw material is washed with water in the washing device 11 (step S2).
- the raw material is put into the washing tank 30 in which the water of the washing device 11 is stored, and is washed while being agitated by the agitator 31 .
- the raw material washed by the washing device 11 is conveyed to the cutting device 60 by the second conveying unit 61 while the raw material is wet.
- the raw material is cut again (step S3).
- the raw material is fed from the feeding section 71 of the cutting device 60 and roughly cut by the first-stage cutter 73 .
- the raw material is cut to a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the raw material cut by the cutting device 60 is conveyed to the compression molding device 12 by the third conveying section 62 .
- a raw material having a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, to which water is attached is compression molded (step S4).
- the raw material is put into the injection part 41 of the compression molding device 12, pushed by the pushing machine 42, compressed by the compressor 43, and molded into a solid fuel.
- the raw material is compressed, for example, at a pressure in the range of 200 MPa to 350 MPa, more preferably in a range of 230 MPa to 300 MPa, to form a solid fuel with a size of 50 mm or less.
- the fuel has a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- the water content of the fuel is 10% or more and 50% or less of the raw material before the cutting step S1.
- the chlorine component of the fuel is 30% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1
- the potassium component of the fuel is 50% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1
- the sodium component of the fuel is 30% or less with respect to the raw material before the cutting step S1. 80% or less of the raw material.
- the fuel is heated by the heater 44, discharged from the discharge part 45, and transported to the fuel storage facility.
- the production of the fuel includes the compression molding step S4 of compressing the raw material having a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less to which the moisture from the water washing is attached to mold the fuel. Since there is no pulverization step or drying step, the overall energy consumption in the fuel production process can be reduced, and the production cost can be reduced.
- the compression molding step S4 by compressing the raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, which is larger than the conventional powder, to which water is attached, the chlorine component and the alkaline component are sufficiently removed from the raw material along with the water. be able to.
- the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 in the first and second embodiments described above may have other configurations.
- the configuration of the cutting device 10, the cleaning device 11, the compression molding device 12, the first conveying unit 13, the second conveying units 14 and 61, the cutting device 60, the third conveying unit 62, etc. is the same as that of the above embodiment.
- the configuration is not limited to the above, and other configurations may be used.
- the cutting device 10 has a hopper 20 in the shape of a substantially cylindrical or rectangular tube, which is arranged so that the center axis thereof is oriented in the horizontal direction, and the raw material is charged in the horizontal direction from the charging part 21 .
- the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 may not have the first conveying unit 13 as shown in FIG.
- the cutting device 10 and the cleaning device 11 may be integrated.
- the cutter 23 of the cutting device 10 may be provided inside the housing of the cleaning device 11 .
- the raw material put into the housing of the washing device 11 is cut by the cutter 23 of the cutting device 10 and then washed in the washing tank 30 of the washing device 11 .
- a plant 100 includes a fuel manufacturing device 1 and a combustion facility 101 for burning the fuel manufactured by the fuel manufacturing device 1 .
- the combustion equipment 101 is supplied with, for example, biomass fuel as fuel derived from biomass raw materials, and includes a combustion furnace 120 that burns the biomass fuel in the furnace, and a cyclone 130 that separates solids from the combustion gas that has burned the biomass fuel. , a measurement unit 140 that measures each component in the combustion gas, and a superheater 150 that is heated by heat exchange with the combustion gas.
- the combustion furnace 120 is, for example, a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB).
- the combustion furnace 120 is provided with a fuel supplier 122 for supplying biomass fuel from the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 into the furnace.
- the combustion furnace 120 is configured in a vertically long cylindrical shape, and burns biomass fuel supplied from a fuel supplier 122 inside the furnace.
- the combustion furnace 120 is a fluidized bed furnace that burns biomass fuel while fluidizing it in a fluidized bed.
- the combustion furnace 120 is a circulating fluidized bed furnace in which a cyclone 130 returns solids having a predetermined particle size or more.
- the temperature inside the combustion furnace 120 is not particularly limited, but the temperature of the combustion gas can be set to about 800 to 1000.degree.
- Combustion gas is generated when the biomass fuel supplied from the fuel supplier 122 to the combustion furnace 120 is burned.
- a water tube can be installed on the furnace wall of the combustion furnace 120, and by exposing the water tube to the combustion gas in the combustion furnace 120, saturated steam can be generated.
- the cyclone 130 is a solid-gas separation device that separates the solid content of a predetermined particle size or more discharged from the combustion furnace 120 from the combustion gas and returns it to the combustion furnace 120 .
- the cyclone 130 can separate solids having a predetermined particle size or larger from the combustion gas and return them to the combustion furnace 120 , and can send the combustion gas from which these solids have been separated to the measurement unit 140 .
- the particle size of the solid content sorted by the cyclone 130 is not particularly limited, but can be set to about 20 ⁇ m, for example.
- the measuring unit 140 can measure the concentrations of the components in the combustion gas.
- the superheater 150 has a pipe (not shown) through which saturated steam generated by the heat of the combustion furnace 120 flows. Heat exchange between the combustion gas and the superheater 150 superheats the saturated steam. can do.
- the combustion gas discharged from the superheater 150 is sent to each facility (downstream device) installed downstream of the superheater 150 .
- the saturated steam superheated by the superheater 150 is used, for example, to drive a power generation turbine.
- the above combustion facility 101 is an example and is not limited to this. Further, the combustion facility 101 does not necessarily constitute the plant 100 including the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1, and is a single facility provided for burning the fuel manufactured by the fuel manufacturing apparatus 1. good too.
- biomass fuel is made of biomass raw material with a size of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 or more and 0.65 or less.
- Various parameters include biomass fuel supply rate (biomass fuel supply rate), combustion temperature, oxygen supply amount required for combustion, additive supply amount, and exhaust gas and ash generated by combustion. including at least any of the various parameters of
- the combustion facility 101 has an adjusting section 160 that adjusts various parameters.
- the adjustment unit 160 includes devices such as valves for adjusting various parameters, and software and hardware for operating the devices.
- the user inputs information necessary for adjusting various parameters to the adjusting section 160, and the adjusting section 160 adjusts the various parameters based on the input information.
- biomass fuel supply rate is adjusted between 0 and the amount of fuel (ton/h or m 3 /h) that satisfies the required amount of heat
- the combustion temperature in the combustion furnace 120 is adjusted between room temperature and the required temperature (° C.)
- the amount of oxygen supplied to the combustion furnace 120 necessary for combustion is adjusted to the air amount corresponding to the excess air ratio (air ratio).
- the supply amount of additives such as ammonia (or urea) for denitrification, limestone (or slaked lime) for desulfurization, or sand (fluid medium) is adjusted to an appropriate amount.
- the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the exhaust gas which are various parameters for treating the exhaust gas and ash generated by combustion, are adjusted to appropriate amounts within the design range. Various parameters are not limited to those listed above.
- the exhaust gas generated by combustion is treated so that the levels of mainly NOx, SOx, and dust, which are regulated by the Air Pollution Control Law, are below the regulation values.
- NOx for example, two-stage combustion and denitrification using chemicals or catalysts are used. Ammonia and urea are used as chemicals at this time.
- SOx chemical desulfurization methods are used. Limestone is used as the chemical for in-furnace desulfurization, and slaked lime is used for flue-blown desulfurization. Soot and dust are captured by bag filters. Exhaust gas that has processed soot is discharged outside the system (atmosphere) at a flow velocity of about 20 m/s (at actual temperature) from the chimney.
- BA bottom ash
- FA far ash
- Example 1 The ingredients of the sorghum raw material before cutting were analyzed to measure the amount of chlorine component and alkaline component. Also, the same raw material was cut to a size of about 30 mm, washed with water, and then compression-molded into fuel in a wet state. At this time, the raw material was compressed at a pressure of 300 MPa to form a cylindrical fuel having an axial dimension of about 50 mm. Then, the components of the fuel were analyzed to measure the amount of chlorine component and alkaline component. Component analysis was performed using an ion chromatograph (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) for chlorine components and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) for alkali components.
- ion chromatograph manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Shimadzu Corporation atomic absorption spectrophotometer
- the rate of change in the chlorine content of the fuel with respect to the raw material ((chlorine content of the fuel) / (of the raw material) Chlorine component amount) ⁇ 100%) and the rate of change in alkaline components (sodium component and potassium component) ((alkali component amount of fuel)/(alkali component amount of raw material) ⁇ 100%) were calculated.
- the rate of increase/decrease in the chlorine component was 14%
- the rate of increase/decrease in the sodium component was 77%
- the rate of increase/decrease in the potassium component was 39%.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the rate of change in the chlorine component, sodium component, and potassium component in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- the compression molding process was performed by changing the compression pressure on the raw material to 0 MPa, 150 MPa, and 300 MPa, and the strength of the fuel was measured in each case.
- the strength of the fuel was determined by applying force to the cylindrical fuel after compression from the axial and lateral directions and measuring the force at the time when the fuel collapsed.
- FIG. 11 shows the ratio of the strength of the fuel at each compression pressure when the optimum strength of the fuel is 100%.
- the compression pressure was 150 MPa
- the strength of the fuel was 50% of the optimum strength
- the compression pressure was 300 MPa
- the strength of the fuel was 140% of the optimum strength.
- the present invention is useful in providing a fuel manufacturing method and a fuel manufacturing apparatus capable of sufficiently removing chlorine components and alkaline components from raw materials while reducing energy consumption.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態にかかる燃料の製造装置1の構成の一例を示す模式図である。本実施の形態における燃料の製造装置1は、例えばバイオマス原料の裁断工程、洗浄工程、圧縮成形工程をこの順番で連続して行い、固形の燃料を製造するものである。
上記実施の形態は、裁断工程、洗浄工程及び圧縮成形工程の3つの工程を有するものであったが、本発明は、裁断工程及び洗浄工程を行い、再度裁断工程を行って、その後圧縮成形工程を行うものも含む。以下、かかる場合の例を第2の実施の形態として説明する。図3は、第2の実施の形態における燃料の製造装置1の構成の一例を示す模式図である。なお、特に言及しない限り、本実施の形態における燃料の製造装置1の構成は、上記第1の実施の形態と同様であり、共通する構成について同じ符号を用いて説明を省略する。
ソルガムである裁断前の原料を成分分析し、塩素成分量とアルカリ成分量を測定した。また同じ原料を30mm程度の大きさに裁断し、その後水で洗浄し、その後水分を付着した状態で燃料に圧縮成形した。このとき原料の圧縮を300MPaの圧力で行い、軸方向の寸法が50mm程度の円柱状の燃料を成形した。そして、その燃料を成分分析し、塩素成分量とアルカリ成分量を測定した。成分分析は、塩素成分についてはイオンクロマトグラフ(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)、アルカリ成分については原子吸光分光光度計(島津製作所製)を用いて行った。
原料を洗浄後、乾燥させ水分を40%にし、その後当該原料を燃料に圧縮成形した。それ以外は実施例1と同様である。塩素成分の増減率は89%、ナトリウム成分の増減率は140%、カリウム成分の増減率は118%であった。
原料を洗浄後、乾燥させ水分を10%にし、その後当該原料を燃料に圧縮成形した。それ以外は実施例1と同様である。塩素成分の増減率は117%、ナトリウム成分の増減率は160%、カリウム成分の増減率は118%であった。
10 裁断装置
11 洗浄装置
12 圧縮成形装置
13 第1の搬送部
14 第2の搬送部
Claims (17)
- バイオマス原料を裁断する裁断工程と、
裁断された前記原料を水洗浄する洗浄工程と、
水洗浄の水分が付着した、10mm以上50mm以下の大きさの前記原料を圧縮して、燃料を成形する圧縮成形工程と、を備える、燃料の製造方法。 - 前記圧縮成形工程は、200MPa以上350MPa以下の圧力で行われる、請求項1に記載の燃料の製造方法。
- 燃料は、嵩比重が0.35以上0.65以下となるように圧縮成形される、請求項1又は2に記載の燃料の製造方法。
- 燃料の水分は、裁断前の原料に対し10%以上50%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造方法。
- 燃料の塩素成分は、裁断前の原料に対し30%以下であり、
燃料のカリウム成分は、裁断前の原料に対し50%以下であり、
燃料のナトリウム成分は、裁断前の原料に対し80%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造方法。 - バイオマス原料を裁断する裁断装置と、
裁断された前記原料を水洗浄する洗浄装置と、
水洗浄の水分が付着した、10mm以上50mm以下の大きさの前記原料を圧縮して、燃料を成形する圧縮成形装置と、を備える、燃料の製造装置。 - 前記裁断装置で裁断された前記原料を前記洗浄装置に搬送する第1の搬送部と、
前記洗浄装置で水洗浄された前記原料を前記圧縮成形装置に搬送する第2の搬送部と、をさらに備える、請求項6に記載の燃料の製造装置。 - 前記圧縮成形装置における燃料の圧縮成形は、200MPa以上350MPa以下の圧力で行われる、請求項6又は7に記載の燃料の製造装置。
- 前記圧縮成形装置において、燃料は、嵩比重が0.35以上0.65以下となるように圧縮成形される、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造装置。
- 燃料の水分は、裁断前の原料に対し10%以上50%以下である、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造装置。
- 燃料の塩素成分は、裁断前の原料に対し30%以下であり、
燃料のカリウム成分は、裁断前の原料に対し50%以下であり、
燃料のナトリウム成分は、裁断前の原料に対し80%以下である、請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造装置。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造装置と、
前記燃料の製造装置で製造された燃料を燃焼する燃焼設備と、を備える、プラント。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の燃料の製造装置で製造された燃料を燃焼する燃焼設備。
- 10mm以上50mm以下の大きさのバイオマス原料からなり、嵩比重が0.35以上0.65以下である燃料。
- 燃料を燃焼する燃焼設備。
- 燃料を燃焼する燃焼設備を調整する方法であって、
前記燃料は、10mm以上50mm以下の大きさのバイオマス原料からなり、嵩比重が0.35以上0.65以下である燃料であり、
前記燃料の燃焼に関する各種パラメータを調整する工程を含む、燃焼設備の調整方法。 - 前記各種パラメータは、燃料の供給量、燃焼温度、燃焼に必要な酸素の供給量、添加材の供給量及び、燃焼により発生する排ガス・灰の処理のための各種パラメータのうちの、少なくともいずれを含む、請求項16に燃焼設備の調整方法。
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